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With the development of the combination of medicine and engineering and the improvement of clinical rehabilitation demand, intelligent upper limb rehabilitation robots can provide stroke patients with high intensity and repetition of active rehabilitation training to restore the upper limb motor function and achieve the remodeling of damaged brain nerves. However, many upper limb rehabilitation robot systems are still in the stage of laboratory development or clinical verification. This paper summarizes the latest research results of upper limb rehabilitation robots at home and abroad, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different types of robots, looks forward to the development trend of upper limb rehabilitation robots, and provides ideas for further promoting clinical transformation.

In order to enhance the effect of homemade catalyst WXP-100 on the low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabrics, the effect of air low-temperature plasma pretreatment on the whiteness, capillary effect, breaking strength, and breaking elongation of the low-temperature bleaching of cotton fabrics with catalyst WXP-100 was investigated and compared with the corresponding performance without plasma pretreated, unincorporated catalyst WXP-100 bleaching fabrics. The surface morphological structure of the air low-temperature plasma treated cotton fabric was also characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that under the conditions of air inlet volume of 75 mL/min, discharge power of 100 W, and discharge time of 3 min, the air low-temperature plasma pretreatment would etch the surface of the cotton fabric, and increase its roughness, which is beneficial to enhance the low-temperature bleaching effect of catalyst WXP-100, and the whiteness and capillary effect of the combined air low-temperature plasma pretreatment catalyst WXP-100/H2O2 low-temperature bleaching fabric is higher than those of the catalyst WXP-100/hydrogen peroxide low-temperature bleaching fabric only. The pretreatment can improve the low-temperature bleaching rate, reduce the amount of catalyst WXP-100, shorten the bleaching time, overcome the problem of fabric damage caused by the addition of catalyst WXP-100, and obtain the tensile properties and breaking strength similar to the traditional high-temperature bleaching fabric. The pretreatment timeliness is good, the whiteness and capillary effect of the treated fabric basically has change after placed 24 h.

Experience replay can reuse past experience to update target policy and improve the utilization of samples,which has become an important component of deep reinforcement learning.Prioritized experience replay performs selective sampling based on experience replay to use samples more efficiently.Nevertheless,the current prioritized experience replay methods will reduce the diversity of samples sampled from the experience buffer,causing the neural network to converge to the local optimum.To tackle the above issue,a novel method named exploration and exploitation balanced experience replay (E3R) is proposed to ba-lances exploration and utilization.This method can comprehensively consider the exploration utility and utilization utility of the samples,and sample according to the weighted sum of two similarities.One of them is the similarity between the behavior strategy and the target strategy in the same state of action,and the other is the similarity between the current state and the past state.Besides,the E3R is combined with the policy gradient algorithm soft actor-critic and the value function algorithm deep Q lear-ning,and experiments are carried out on the suite of OpenAI gym tasks.Experimental results show that,compared to traditional random sampling and sequential differential priority sampling,E3R can achieve faster convergence speed and higher cumulative return.

Using glucose as the reducing agent, the nano-silver-graphene composite material (Ag/GR) was synthesized in situ by electroless plating, the structural morphology of the material was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results show that the loading morphology of silver on the graphene surface is the single state that meets the expectation. The average particle size of AgNPs is about 21 nm. At the same time, the electrochemical response of ascorbic acid (AA) on Ag/GR/GCE electrochemical sensors was studied using the electrochemical test methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical test results show that the Ag/GR composite has the highest response electrochemical signal of 212.9 μA and the lowest resistance of charge transfer of 90.5 Ω. The peak current is about twice that of the graphene electrode (110 μA) and about five times that of the glassy carbon electrode (42.5 μA). Due to the good synergistic effect of AgNPs and graphene, it has obvious electrocatalytic activity for AA. And the anode peak current and concentration show positive correlation linear change trend in the range of 5-120 μmol/L. However, the anode peak current of AA is highly correlated with the natural logarithm of the concentration range from 50 μmol/L to 120 μmol/L. The low limits of detection is 0.06 μmol/L.

The communication system between the islands has the problems of high cost and the transmitted signal may require relay amplification. In order to solve this issue, a novel Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system using Manchester encoded and decoded signals is designed. It can support 10 Gbit/s optical signal transmission over 100 km submarine cable (using G. 654 standard single-mode fiber) cascaded with 1 km FSO wireless link. We evaluate the performance by measuring the time-domain waveform, optical spectrum, eye diagrams and Bit Error Rate (BER) in simulation with Manchester coded signals, under sunny, rainy and foggy day. The measured results show that the receiver sensitivity can reach -18.92 dBm at the back-to-back system. Under the 100 km submarine cable and 1 km FSO wireless link, the receiver sensitivity can reach -17.72, -16.66 and -11.16 dBm in the sunny, rainy and foggy day, respectively. The simulation results prove that the FSO communication system using Manchester code may have potential application in the field of islands information transmission in the future.

In Interferometric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (InISAR) three-Dimensional (3D) imaging, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) image registration is a key process. It arranges similar scatterers in different ISAR images on the same pixel cell, which completes the interferometric processing for similar scatterers to obtain their 3D coordinates. This paper analyses the ISAR image mismatch caused by the difference of the wave path between the scatterer and different radars and then proposes a new ISAR image registration method that consists of three steps, based on wave path difference compensation. First, chirp Fourier transform is used to estimate the rotational angular velocity of the target. Second, the compensation phase is constructed according to the rotational angular velocity to eliminate the wave path difference between scatterer and different radars. Finally, two-Dimensional (2D) Fourier transform can yield ISAR images without mismatch. The proposed method can directly achieve ISAR image registration in an echo field. After image registration based on this method, the scatterers match-up well. But after image registration based on the correlation method, the scatterers have a mismatch of about one pixel cell. Compared to the correlation method, this method can achieve image registration more efficiently. Finally, the 3D imaging error (0.3034) based on this method is smaller than that (45.8529) of the correlation method.

Aiming at the requirement of real-time signal detection in the passive surveillance system, a wideband array signal detection algorithm is proposed based on the concept of power focusing. By making use of the phase difference of the signal received by a uniform linear array, the algorithm makes the power of the received signal focused in the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) with improved cascade FFT. Subsequently, the probability density function of the output noise at each angle is derived. Furthermore, a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) test statistic and the corresponding detection threshold are constructed. The theoretical probability of detection is also derived for different false alarm rate and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient, and the detection process is independent of the prior information. Meanwhile, the results can act as the initial value for other algorithms with higher precision. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good performance for weak signal detection.

In order to design a remote intelligent security system by using fingerprint technology, pyroelectric infrared body induction with GSM mobile network, STC12C5A60S2 was used as MCU, and Siemens-TC35, TFS_M12(B) DYPME003, 12864 LCD screen were selected, fingerprint, infrared sensor, GSM network, a remote intelligent anti-theft system were organic applied under the control of the MCU. Experimental result was good. Practice showed that the design was effective. The working principle design and design idea of system were introduced in this paper. The system hardware design and software design were presented in detail at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bryophyte plays an important role in nutrient enrichment and cycling in the forest ecosystems. The role of bryophyte in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles might be affected by forest regeneration and growth substrate. To understand the role of bryophyte in N and P cycling in the forest ecosystem, we measured the contents of N and P in the bryophytes that grew on different positions (gap center, gap edge, and closed canopy) and growth substrates (standing tree, fallen log, snag, large dead branch, stump and forest floor) in an alpine forest ecosystem. The results showed that the N content in the bryophyte on the forest floor was 3.12 mg·g -1 , which was significantly lower than those on other growth substrates. Although N content in the bryophyte on the snag reached up to 17.41 mg·g -1 , no significant differences of N contents in the bryophytes were observed among standing tree, fallen log, large dead branch and snag. The highest and lowest P contents was 1.09 mg·g -1 in the bryophyte on the forest floor and 0.61 mg·g -1 in the bryophytes on the snag, respectively. Furthermore, P content in the bryophyte on the forest floor was significantly higher than that on other growth substrates, but no significant differences of P contents in the bryophytes were detected among standing tree, fallen log, large dead branch and stump. The gap position significantly affected N and P contents in the bryophytes, with the N and P contents in the bryophytes on fallen log and large dead branch at gap center being significantly higher than those at the gap edge. The effects of coarse woody debris (CWD) on the N and P contents in the bryophyte depended on its types and decay classes, with their interaction having much stronger effects on N and P contents in the bryophytes. The N contents in the epiphytic bryophytes on fallen logs with V decay class were significantly higher than those with other decay classes. Similarly, the N contents in the epiphytic bryophytes on large dead branches with III decay class were significantly higher than those with other decay classes. Meanwhile, the P contents in the bryophytes on fallen logs with 2 decay class were significantly higher than those with other decay classes. Moreover, the P contents in the epiphytic bryophytes on the snags with 4 decay class were significantly higher than those with other decay classes. In conclusion, both forest gap regeneration and CWD decay process can affect the N and P contents in the bryophytes, and thereafter manipulate the nutrient cycles in the forest ecosystems.

In this paper, three kinds of chemotactic parameters (concentration, temperature and pH) were determined by plate assay and spore germination method to research the chemotactic response of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria panax, and their spores on total ginsenosides. The results showed that Botrytis cinerea had strong chemotactic response at the mid-concentration of total ginsenosides (cultivation temperature was 20 degrees C and pH value was 6), and the data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) was 1.293 0, chemotactic growth rate (CGR) was 0.476 0, spore germination rate (SGR) was 53%, and dry weight of mycelial (DWM) was 0.452 6 g x L(-1); however, Alternaria panax had strong chemotactic response at the low-concentration of total ginsenosides (cultivation temperature was 25 degrees C and pH value was 6), and the data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) was 1.235 4, chemotactic growth rate (CGR) was 0.537 0, spore germination rate (SGR) was 67%, and dry weight of mycelial (DWM) was 0.494 8 g x L(-1). The results indicated that the low and middle concentration (2, 20 mg x L(-1)) of total ginsenosides had significant promoting effect on chemotactic response of these two pathogens, and the spore germination, mycelial growth rate, dry weight of mycelial of them were also significantly improved by this chemotactic response, whereas it decreased as the increase of total ginsenosides concentration.

The auxin response gene family adjusts the auxin balance and the growth hormone signaling pathways in plants. Using bioinformatics methods, the auxin-response genes from the grape genome database are identified and their chromosomal location, gene collinearity and phylogenetic analysis are performed. Probable genes include 25 AUX_IAA, 19 ARF, 9 GH3 and 42 LBD genes, which are unevenly distributed on all 19 chromosomes and some of them formed distinct tandem duplicate gene clusters. The available grape microarray databases show that all of the auxin-response genes are expressed in fruit and leaf buds, and significant overexpressed during fruit color-changing, bud break and bud dormancy periods. This paper provides a resource for functional studies of auxin-response genes in grape leaf and fruit development.

The interaction between iron oxide and electron donor substance have significant influences on electron transfer and the growth of iron-reducing bacteria, which may affect the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated organic compounds in soil. Anaerobic soil incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect and its mechanism of iron oxide (goethite), electron donor substances (butyrate and ethanol), and their interaction on DDT reductive dechlorination in Hydragric Acrisols. Results showed that after 6 weeks of anaerobic incubation, the extractable residues of DDT were between 1.29% and 2.01% of initial DDT amounts in soils, which was attributed to the dechlorinated degradation of DDT and formation of bound residues of DDT and its dechlorinated products. The main product of DDT anaerobic dechlorination was 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chloro-phenyl) ethane (DDD). During the prophase of incubation, the application of butyrate or ethanol led to the decreased pH and increased Eh for reaction system, thus inhibited DDT dechlorination. The applications of only goethite or goethite and electron donor substances resulted in the increased soil pH, decreased soil Eh and increased Fe( II ) contents, thus accelerated DDT dechlorination. There was no significant interaction between butyrate and iron oxide on DDT dechlorination, whereas there was antagonistic action between ethanol and iron oxide on DDT dechlorination. The results will be of great significance for developing efficient and in-situ remediation technology of DDT contaminated soil.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) participating in morphine tolerance development via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway., Methods: Forty healthy male SD rats were implanted with intrathecal catheters and then randomized into 4 groups: Group C received an intrathecal injection of 10 µl saline, Group M 10 µg morphine, Group MR 10 µg morphine followed by 2 µg GR antagonist RU38486 and Group MD 10 µg morphine followed by 4 µg GR agonist dexamethasone (DEX) respectively. Each intrathecal drug was administered twice daily for 7 days. Tail-flick test was employed to evaluate the thermal hyperalgesia. After tail-flick test at Day 8, the lumbar intamescentias were isolated by Western blot to examine the protein expressions of Mu opioid receptor (MOR), GR and pERK. And terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) stain was performed., Results: DEX and RU38486 enhanced and inhibited morphine induced hyperalgesia to heat respectively. Compared with Group M (count of spinal dorsal horn apoptotic cells 5.4 ± 1.1, protein expression: MOR 37 ± 5, GR 20 ± 6, pERK(1) 39 ± 4, pERK(2) 41 ± 5), apoptotic cells decreased in Group MR (3.2 ± 0.4) (P < 0.01) and increased in Group MD (16.0 ± 1.6) (P < 0.01); the protein expressions of MOR (28 ± 5), GR (12 ± 6), pERK(1)(33 ± 4) and pERK(2)(34 ± 5) were down-regulated in Group MR (P < 0.01) while up-regulated in Group MD (55 ± 6, 28 ± 9, 49 ± 6, 59 ± 5) (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The activity of glucocorticoid receptors affects the morphine-induced spinal neural apoptosis and the expression of spinal pERK in morphine tolerance.

Objective: To study the relationship between liver damage and the serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and NO in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP)., Methods: Eighty-seven AP patients were divided into mild AP (MAP) and severe AP (SAP) groups, with 50 healthy subjects serving as the controls. The serum levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA, and NO level was measured by nitrate reductase method. The serum levels of ALT, AST, TB, ALB, LDH, AKP and gamma-GT were also measured., Results: The incidence of liver damage was 62.06% in these patients. The serum markers of the liver function differed significantly between the AP patients and the control subjects and between SAP and MAP groups before the treatment (P<0.01). The ALB level in SAP group increased significantly after the treatment (P<0.01), and the other indices of the liver function all decreased in both MAP and SAP groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO were higher in the AP patient than in the control subjects (P<0.01), and decreased significantly after the treatment (P<0.01). In AP patients with liver damage, the levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO were obviously higher than those in patients without liver damage and the control group (P<0.01). In AP patients with liver damage, the serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha, and NO were positively correlated to ALT and AST levels, and IL-18 was positively correlated to TNF-alpha and NO., Conclusion: AP patients have high incidence of liver damage, which is obviously severer in SAP than in MAP patients. The serum levels of IL-18, TNF-alpha and NO are positively correlated to the severity of liver damage in the AP patients, and can be used as indicators for early diagnosis, evaluation of the severity and prognosis of liver damage.