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The microencapsulation technology can protect the core material and make the core material release slowly. In order to improve the inhibition effect of salt inhibitor, microcapsule inhibitor was prepared by melting dispersion condensation method based on microencapsulation technology. The wall-core ratio with the lowest moisture absorption at room temperature is selected. The inhibition performance of non-caking coal with different mass fractions of inhibitor was tested by temperature programmed experimental system. The results show that with the increase of the mass fraction of microcapsule inhibitor, the oxygen consumption rate and CO release rate of coal sample decrease at first and then increase, and the inhibition effect is the best when the concentration is 15%. The maximum inhibition rate is 83% at 110 ℃, and the average inhibition rate in the whole temperature range is 67%. At the same concentration, the inhibition performance of microcapsule inhibitor is better than that of sodium salt inhibitor. The microencapsulated inhibitor wall material absorbs heat during the heating process of the coal sample, wraps it on the surface of the coal sample after phase transformation melting and slowly releases the core material, which can maintain an excellent inhibition effect when the coal temperature is high.

Sunway TaihuLight ranked first in the global supercomputer top 500 list 2016－2018 with a peak performance of 125.4 PFlops.Its computing power is mainly attributed to the domestic SW26010 many-core RISC processor.CFD unstructured-grid computing has always been a challenge for porting and optimizing in domestic many-core supercomputer,because of its complex topology,serious discrete memory access problems,and strongly correlated linear equation solution.In order to give fully play to the computing efficiency of domestic heterogeneous multi-core architecture,firstly,a data reconstruction model is proposed to improve the locality and parallelism of data,and the data structure is more suitable for the characteristics of multi-core architecture.Secondly,aiming at the discrete memory access problem caused by the disorder of unstructured-grid data storage,a discrete memory access optimization method based on prestorage of information relation is proposed,which transforms discrete memory access into continuous memory access.Finally,the pipeline parallelism mechanism in core array is introduced to realize many-core parallelism for solving linear equations with strong correlation.Experiments show that the overall performance of unstructured-grid computing in CFD is improved by more than 4 times,and is 1.2x faster than the general CPU.The computing cores scale to 624 000,and the parallelism efficiency is maintained at 64.5%.

Polylactic acid (PLA), a new type of bio-based renewable biodegradable material, has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages with high mechanical strength, ease of processing, high melting point, biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, its inherent brittl-eness, low elongation at break and breaking strength severely limit its practical application and has also led to more extensive and comprehensive research. This review summarizes the research progress of toughening polylactic acid with biodegradable macromolecules, especially focusing on the updated development on bio-based polyesters, bio-based elastomers, plant-based biopolymers, natural rubber and vegetable oils, and biomacromolecules, and meanwhile, the problem of weak impact toughness and low crystallization rate and low thermal transition temperature of polylactic acid after improving toughness was proposed, and the future direction of development and the subjects needed to focused on was finally predicted.

Objective To analyze the causes of perinatal death and related factors from the perspective of forensic medicine, and to provide references for reducing perinatal mortality and guidance for forensic identification. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 102 cases of perinatal autopsy with clinical data from the Department of Forensic Medicine of Chongqing Medical University in 2004-2016. Results Of the 102 cases of perinatal deaths, 66 （64.71%） were neonatal deaths, 24 （23.53%） were stillborn foetuses, and 12 （11.76%） were stillbirths. Among the 66 neonatal death cases, 39 （59.09%） died within 1 d, 19 （28.79%） died within 1-3 d, and 8 （12.12%） died within >3-7 d of birth. The top 3 causes of neonatal death were pulmonary diseases, congenital malformation, umbilical cord and placental abnormalities. The causes of stillborn foetus and stillbirth were mainly umbilical cord and placental abnormalities, and intrauterine asphyxia. Conclusion Pulmonary diseases, umbilical cord and placental abnormalities, and congenital malformations are the main causes of perinatal death. In order to reduce the perinatal mortality, pre-pregnancy examination and prenatal care should be strengthened, and the knowledge of pregnancy care should be popularized.

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.09.017

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, and we provide reference for further prevention and control of the disease. Methods We collected the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 in Dongxihu Shelter Hospital of Wuhan from February 7 to March 6, 2020. The main symptoms, blood test results, lung CT results, and nucleic acid negative conversion were analyzed. Results A total of 654 patients were included, 175(26.76%) were mild, and 479(73.24%) were general. There were 344 males (52.60%), and 310 females (47.40%). The patients were with a mean age of (49.36± 10.30) years, and 97 patients (14.83%) with a history of hypertension, 51 patients (7.80%) had a history of diabetes. The main clinical symptoms were fever with 547(83.64%) patients, 186 cases (28.44%) had chills, 15 cases (2.29%) had shiver, 342(52.29%) had fatigue symptoms, 413(63.15%) had cough, 137(20.95%) had chest tightness, and 109(16.67%) had diarrhea during the course of the disease. Blood routine tests of 395 patients, the white blood cell count (WBC) was (4.12±1.46)x109/L. The total white blood cell count was normal in 378 cases(95.70%), increased in 7(1.77%), and decreased in 10(2.53%). The lymphocyte percentage was (23.10±10.02)%, lymphocyte (1.06±0.37)x109/L. The percentage and count of lymphocyte were low. All the 654 cases were examined by CT, 175 cases (26.76%) showed normal lung CT, 422 cases (64.52%) showed patchy or segmental ground-glass opacity, and 57 cases (8.72%) showed multilobar consolidation, ground-glass shadow coexisted with consolidation or streak shadow. The interval between positive nucleic acid test before admission and negative test after admission was as short as 5 days and as long as 24 days, the average was (12.35 ±3.73) days. Conclusion Fever, coughing, and fatigue are the main symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The typical lung CT findings can be used as the basis for clinical diagnosis and disease evaluation. Patients with mild and common type had better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on lour investigations of a one-hectare permanent plot in Changbai Mountains from 1981 to 2016, the changes of tree species composition and structure of broad-leaved Korean pine forest were examined, and diameter distribution, spatial pattern distribution, and quantitative changes of each tree species were analyzed. The results showed that there were little changes in tree species composition and an overall decreasing trend in total density in 35 years. Both basal area and stand volume were 43-45 m² µ hm-2 and 474-496 m³ µ hm-2, respectively. Pinus koraiensis was the most dominant species, whose basal area and volume accounted for 57.8%-59.7% and 62.5%- 65.4% of the total in the community, respectively. All dominant species showed random distribution and changed little in 35 years. The DBH distribution of P. koraiensis was in a near-to-normal form. Total species showed a reversed "J" shape. The number of dead trees was the largest in small DBH class (10-26 cm) with the percentage of 30%. The percentage of dead trees was the largest in intermediate class (30-50 cm) with 30%-50%. Except Acer mono, all species in the tree layer showed little recruitment, with mortality rate being higher than recruiting rate. Specially, P. koraiensis had no saplings or recruitment, and the population was in decline. The regeneration of dominant species such as P. koraiensis and Tilia amurensis was hindered in the original broad-leaved Korean pine forest, the population maintenance of which might need natural disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the goal of the optimal throughout in different loading region which meant the ratio of busy time, the authors worked on the setting of collision window in back-off algorithm. Based on the discussion of busy condition and throughout model of node, this paper provided the MNLBA (multi-node-loading back-off algorithm), which used the optimization algorithm to control the optimal length of the collision window to try to reach the maximum throughput value. The simulation provided the compare performance result with SBA algorithm on the throughput and the delay in wireless sensor network. The simulation result shows that the MNLBA can achieve more throughout about 5% ~ 10% than SBA and have an good effect to balance load and improve network performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A probabilistic damage identification method for beam bridge is presented based on Riccati transfer matrix. The 1st, 2th order perturbation formulas of the characteristic value and vector were derived using the Riccati transfer matrix method as well as singular value decomposition technology. Based on the probability theory, the statistical damage identification equations were built. The mean values and the damage probabilities of damage identification parameters of the structural elements, which can be used to identify the damage locations and levels of the bridge, were inversively calculated by optimization method. To assess the effectiveness of the method, numerical simulation of probabilistic damage identification for a simply supported bridge and a multi-span continuous bridge were carried Out under different loading cases. The results show that the method can exactly identify the locations and levels of the damage over 10%. which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, with relative higher reliability, the method can effectively avoid the missing and the wrong identifications resulted from the random property of the structural parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety Jinyou 1 as test material, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. Three water regimes (50%-60%, 70%-80%, and 90%-100% soil relative moisture content) and two fertilization practices (600 kg N · hm-2 + 420 kg P2O5 · hm-2 and 420 kg N · hm-2 + 294 kg P2O5 · hm-2) were designed. The increase of water and fertilizer supply benefited the increase of soil available P content and sucrase activity. Increasing fertilization rate increased soil NH4+-N content but decreased soil protease activity, and increasing soil relative moisture content decreased the soil NH4+-N content and urease activity. Soil microbial diversity had no significant correlations with soil nutrient contents, but significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and negatively correlated with soil sucrase activity. Among the treatments, the treatment 70%-80% soil relative moisture content + 600 kg N · hm-2 and 420 kg P2O5 · hm-2 had the highest soil nutrient contents, soil urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities, and soil microbial diversity and evenness, being the best in soil potential productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is an important indicator reflecting vegetation cover and growth status. It is of significance for regional ecological conservation and natural resource management to investigate its spatial and temporal variation trends and response to ecological factors. We divided Liaoning Province into three ecological geographical regions, including northwest agro-pastoral zone, central agricultural zone, and eastern agroforestry zone. Based on remote sensing, vegetation, climate, topography and human activities, we used trend analysis and geographic probe model to examine the spatial and temporal trends of NDVI in Liaoning Province, and analyzed the intensity and interaction mechanism of each driver on the spatial distribution pattern of NDVI. The results showed that the annual average NDVI in Liaoning Province from 2001 to 2020 was 0-0.92, showing a distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west, high in the inland and low in the coastal land. The overall trend of vegetation cover was increasing, and the NDVI increasing areas were mainly concentrated in the northwest agro-pastoral zone and the eastern agroforestry zone, the NDVI reduction areas were mainly concentrated at the border between the central agricultural zone and the eastern agroforestry zone, as well as in the coastal area of the eastern agroforestry zone. The annual average NDVI change varied among the three ecological-geographic zones. The NDVI of the northwest agro-pastoral zone from 2001 to 2020 were generally low, but showed a fluctuating trend of slow increase. The NDVI of the eastern agroforestry zone was high overall, and the interannual variation of NDVI was generally stable. The distribution of high and low NDVI in the central agricultural zone was staggered, and the interannual variation of NDVI showed a decreasing trend. Natural factors were the key drivers of NDVI changes in the three ecogeographic zones, with cumulative temperature and precipitation having the greatest influence. The interactions between the factors were all mutually and nonlinearly enhanced.

In this study, chemical leaching and electrokinetic technology were used to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil to elucidate its effectiveness and mechanisms. Chemical leaching agents of FeCl 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , KCl, KNO 3 , and HCl solutions were selected, and the effects of Fe 3+ , K + , H + , and Cl - on four heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) removals were compared and analyzed. Then, the influence of the speciation of heavy metals in soil after chemical leaching on the electrokinetic remediation efficiency was studied. The results showed that Fe 3+ , K + , H + , and Cl - had different effects on the four heavy metal removals; for Cd and Zn, the removal effect of H + was the most effective, but for Pb and Cu, the effect of Fe 3+ was the most obvious. On the whole, FeCl 3 and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 showed the best removal effect for Cd, Pb, and Cu. For the removal of Zn from the soil, the difference in the removal effect of the five leaching agents was not obvious. In comparison with that of FeCl 3 and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , the HCl solution had a moderate removal effect on the four heavy metals in the soil, and the neutral salts KCl and KNO 3 had little removal effect on the four heavy metals. Especially for Cd and Cu, KCl and KNO 3 addition significantly increased the removal of heavy metals through the subsequent electrokinetic remediation. After the chemical leaching, electrokinetic remediation could make heavy metals in the topsoil (0-10 cm) migrate downward and enrich the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, which requires further studies to resolve.

As an important water purification and seepage measure for sponge cities, biofiltration systems have been widely used in their construction in China. In order to identify the heavy metal accumulation, pollution, and its potential environmental risk in the biofiltration systems, this study examined the heavy metal contents and spatial distribution characteristics by taking the biofiltration systems of Yuelai new town, Chongqing, the first demonstration area of sponge city construction in China, as the research object, and conducted a risk evaluation of the pollution level and ecological environment in this new town using the contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation Index ( I geo ), and potential ecological risk coefficient (PERC). The results showed that, except for Mn, the average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Cd in the biofiltration systems of Yuelai new town were 4.14, 1.77, 4.98, 1.23, and 6.51 times higher than the soil background values of Chongqing. In terms of spatial distribution, the contents of heavy metals in biofiltration systems along the roads in different functional areas showed great differences. The contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd in the industrial area were significantly higher than those of the same types of heavy metals in the biofiltration systems in other areas ( P <0.05). The CF and I geo showed that the pollution level of heavy metals was ranked as follows:Mn

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of endocrine glands involved in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 ECD cases pathologically diagnosed from January 2014 to October 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,including 22 cases of endocrine gland involvement.The clinical,imaging,and pathological characteristics were summarized. Results Pituitary was involved in 17 cases (17/48,35.4%),adrenal gland in 8 cases (8/48,16.7%),and both pituitary and adrenal gland in 3 cases (3/48,6.25%).The most common symptom in patients with pituitary involvement was central diabetes insipidus (13/17,76.5%),and the T1-weighted imaging showed posterior pituitary hypersignal disappearance,pituitary stalk thickening,and abnormally enhanced pituitary nodules.The most common symptom in patients with adrenal gland involvement was adrenal function reduction (3/8,37.5%),and the CT scanning showed diffuse thickening of adrenal glands.BRAF V600E mutation was positive in 13 (13/22,59.1%) cases with ECD involving endocrine glands.Conclusion Pituitary and adrenal glands are the most common sites of ECD involving endocrine glands.A definite diagnosis can be achieved by combining clinical,imaging,and pathological characteristics for timely treatment.

We examined the seasonal variations of growth and nutrient accumulation of two-year-old Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) seedlings in the primary broadleaved Korean pine forest (primary forest) and poplar birch forest (secondary forest) in Changbai Mountain. The seasonal changes of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), seedling biomass, nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC), total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) were measured in both forests. The effects of understory light and its seasonal variations in both forests on the growth and nutrient accumulation of understory Korean pine seedlings were also explored. The results showed that the seasonal variations of monthly cumulative PAR under both forests showed a double-peak pattern. In summer, light conditions under the two forests were poor because of the closed canopy. In spring and autumn, light conditions were better due to the deciduous characteristics of canopy broadleaved trees, with light conditions under the secondary forest being obviously better than that of the primary forest. The seasonal variations of biomass, NSC, total N and total P concentrations of Korean pine seedlings in the primary and secondary forests were basically consistent with that of understory light. All those variables increased significantly in spring and autumn, and decreased in summer. In spring, starch concentration increased. In summer, starch and soluble sugar concentrations decreased gradually, and touched bottom in August. In autumn, soluble sugar concentration increased significantly. The biomass and NSC concentration of seedlings under secondary forest were significantly higher than those under primary forest in spring and autumn, but without difference in summer. Therefore, the diffe-rence of understory light conditions in spring and autumn between the two forests might be the key factor driving nutrient accumulation, growth and regeneration of Korean pine seedlings.

Tilia amurensis is one of (co-)dominant species in the broadleaved-conifer mixed forest in Northeast China, with high commercial and nectariferous values. We estimated the quantity of nectar secretion from individual trees to population or stand levels based on observation and statistical analysis. An equation for individual-tree nectar secretion was established, which was used to estimate nectar quantity at the stand level. We analyzed the relationships between nectar secretion and basal area or stem volume. The booming time for single flower was in average 6-8 days, with a nectar secretion period of about five days. The quantity for the entire period was estimated at 8.58 mg per flower. Sugar contents in the nectar, average 37.7%, showed diurnal variations, being high in the mid-noon and low in the early morning and late afternoon. The average diameter (DBH) of the species was approximately 40 cm, which was estimated to possess as much as 18×10 4 single flowers and 1.56 kg (or pure sugar 0.588 kg) of nectar. At the stand level, the nectar production potential was 79-147 kg (or 0.0686-0.1285 m 3 , pure sugar 29.78-55.42 kg) per hectare. There was a close correlation between nectar quantity and basal area or timber volume at both individual and stand levels, which could be used to estimate the nectar quantity for macro-scale forest area based on inventory data.

Neurological damage caused by stroke is one of the main causes of motor dysfunction in patients, which brings great spiritual and economic burdens for society and families. Motor imagery is an important assisting method for the rehabilitation of patients after stroke, which is easy to learn with low cost and has great significance in improving the motor function and the quality of patient's life. This paper mainly summarizes the positive effects of motor imagery on post-stroke rehabilitation, outlines the physiological performance and theoretical model of motor imagery, the influencing factors of motor imagery, the scoring criteria of motor imagery and analyzes the shortcomings such as the few kinds of experimental subject, the subjective evaluation method and the low resolution of the experimental equipment in the process of rehabilitation of motor function in post-stroke patients. It is hopeful that patients with stroke will be more scientifically and effectively using motor imagery therapy.

Polygonatum plants are perennial plants of Liliaceae. There are about 60 species reported at home and abroad,32 species in China,mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. Their main chemical components are steroidal saponins,polysaccharides,flavonoids,alkaloids,etc. They have anti-aging,anti-tumor,immunomodulation,antibacterial,antiviral,hypoglycemic and blood lipid effects. With the development of health industry,Polygonati Rhizome used as medicine and food has attracted great attention in recent years,and has become a research hotspot. However,the material basis of its efficacy is unclear and the product quality is uneven,which seriously limited the rapid upgrading of the industry. This review summarizes Polygonatum plants system classification,the chemical composition and pharmacological activity to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Polygonatum plants.

Wild relatives play a very important role in enriching germplasm resources and improving the quality and yield of cultivated species. In this paper, the genetic relationship between Panax notoginseng and its wild relatives has been investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to provide theoretical bases in the variety improvement of P. notoginseng as well as the development and utilization of germplasm resources. The FTIR spectra of P. notoginseng and its wild relatives (P. japonicus var. major, P. stipuleanatus, P. vietnamensis, P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus) as well as Panax notoginsenosides were collected. The original infrared spectra of P. notoginseng and its wild relatives were pretreated by automatic baseline correction, smoothing, ordinate normalization and second derivative. The genetic relationship between P. notoginseng and its wild relatives has been studied together with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). By comparing the infrared spectra of P. notoginseng with that of panax notoginsenosides, some common peaks such as 3 400, 2 930, 1 635, 1 385, 1 075 and 927 cm-1 has been found. It showed that the peak heights of P. notoginseng samples may relate with the content of panax notoginsenosides. The original infrared spectra of P. notoginseng are similar to its wild relatives and the absorption peaks of the functional groups of C—H, CO, O—H, C—N and C—O were presented. There were some differences in the fingerprint region (1 800～500 cm-1) of the second derivative spectra of these five species samples. The characteristic absorption peaks such as 1 385 and 784 cm-1 has an obviously differentiation. Then the fingerprint region of second derivative spectra is subjected to be analyzed by PCA and PLS-DA. By comparing the 3D score plots of these two methods, the classification result of PLS-DA is significantly better than PCA. In addition, the result of HCA which based on the six principal components of PLS-DA has shown that P. japonicus var. major and P. vienamensis have close relationship with P. notoginseng while P. stipuleanatus and P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus are far from P. notoginseng. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods could effectively investigate the genetic relationship between P. notoginseng and its wild relatives. Furthermore, it could provide reference for the research of medicinal plants.

Objective: To prepare all components loaded liquid preparation of Forsythia suspensa( ACLL) by the technology of nanomicellar solubilization,and to investigate the effects of Forsythia suspensa volatile oil loaded nanomicellar on the transdermal and transmucosal drug delivery of phillyrin., Methods: The volatile oil and hydrosoluble components of Forsythia suspensa were obtained by double extraction synchronously,and the major components of volatile oil were determined by GC-MS. Then the ACLL prepared by the volatile oil was added to the aqueous solution in the form of nanomicellar. The characteristics of ACLL were evaluated by the TEM,PCS and CLSM. The amount of phillyrin( PN) was determined by HPLC system. The side-by-side diffusion cell was used to investigate the effects of Forsythia suspense volatile oil loaded nanomicellar on the PN transdermal and transmucosal drug delivery, with the hydrosoluble components loaded liquid( HCLL) used as control group., Results: The Forsythia suspense volatile oil was slight yellowish and transparent liquid with a fragrant odor,the major components as follows β-pinene( 49. 01%),α-pinene( 15. 78%), β-ocimene( 13. 79%),linalool( 5. 91%), α-thujene( 2. 07%), β-geranene( 1. 91%),terpinolene( 1. 84%),etc. The Forsythia suspense volatile oil loaded nanomicellar had a closed spherical shape as the TEM and CLSM images appeared. The calculated mean size was 193. 3 nm,the Zeta potential values of- 83. 8 m V. During the whole experiment, the ACLL resulted in a remarkable enhancement of PN transdermal and transmucosal absorption compared with HCLL. At 7. 0 h, the accumulated permeation amount of PN from the ACLL was 2. 04 and 1. 16 folds than that of HCLL for transdermal and transmucosal absorption,respectively., Conclusion: The permeability of PN is obviously enhanced by Forsythia suspense volatile oil loaded nanomicellar for transdermal and transmucosal absorption, these results elucidate the advantages and the mechanism of pharmacological action of all components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Targeted genome editing technology plays an important role in studies of gene function, gene therapy and transgenic breeding. Moreover, the efficiency of targeted genome editing is increased dramatically with the application of recently developed artificial nucleases such as ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9. However, obtaining positive cells with targeted genome modification is restricted to some extent by nucleases expression plasmid transfection efficiency, nucleases expression and activity, and repair efficiency after genome editing. Thus, the enrichment and screening of positive cells with targeted genome modification remains a problem that need to be solved. Surrogate reporter systems could be used to reflect the efficiency of nucleases indirectly and enrich genetically modified positive cells effectively, which may increase the efficiency of the enrichment and screening of positive cells with targeted genome modification. In this review, we mainly summarized principles and applications of reporter systems based on NHEJ and SSA repair mechanisms, which may provide references for related studies in future.

Objective: To identify a novel HLA allele DRB1 * 16:36 from a Uygur woman., Methods: PCR-SBT technology was applied to the extracted DNA for genotyping, and a possible new gene was sequenced by using sequence specific primers and single stranded SBT. This novel allele was compared with known most homologous gene sequences and their difference was analyzed., Results: This novel allele was different from HLA alle DRB1 * 16:23, and had highest similarity in 2 nucleotides at position 227 A→T and 236 T→C in exon 2, resulting in 3 amino acid changes from Tyr to Phe at codon 47 and Val to Ala at codon 50. The sequence of this novel allele had been submitted to GenBank., Conclusion: This HLA allele DRB1 * 16:23 has been confirmed to be a novel allele, and has been officially named DRB1 * 16:36 by the World Health Organization (WHO) Nomenclature Committee in May 2015.

Chemically enhanced phytoextraction by hyperaccumulator has been proposed as an effective approach to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of the biodegradable chelate GLDA (L glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid) at different doses or the combination of GLDA with EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) or CIT (citric acid) on the uptake of Cd, Zn and Pb by Sedum alfredii Hance (a Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator). Experimental results showed that GLDA addition to soil significantly increased the concentrations of Cd and Zn in Sedum alfredii Hance and its Cd and Zn phytoextraction compared to the control. Additionally, GLDA at 2.5 mmol · kg(-1) resulted in the highest phytoextraction, being 2.5 and 2.6 folds of the control for Cd and Zn, respectively. However, the combined application of GLDA + EDTA (1:1) and GLDA + CIT (1 :1 and 1:3) at a total dose of 5 mmol · kg(-1) did not increase the phytoextraction of Zn and Cd, compared to the GLDA only treatment. Therefore, the biodegradable chelate GLDA could be regarded as a good chelate candidate for the phytoextraction of heavy metals of heavy metals from contaminated soils, particularly for Cd and Zn contaminated soils.

In order to elucidate the continuous effectiveness of co-cropping system coupling with chelator enhancement in remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and its environmental risk towards underground water, soil lysimeter (0.9 m x 0.9 m x 0.9 m) experiments were conducted using a paddy soil affected by Pb and Zn mining in Lechang district of Guangdong Province, 7 successive crops were conducted for about 2.5 years. The treatments included mono-crop of Sedum alfredii Hance (Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator), mono-crop of corn (Zea mays, cv. Yunshi-5, a low-accumulating cultivar), co-crop of S. alfredii and corn, and co-crop + MC (Mixture of Chelators, comprised of citric acid, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, EDTA and KCI with molar ratio of 10: 1:2:3 at the concentration of 5 mmol x kg(-1) soil). The changes of heavy metal concentrations in plants, soil and underground water were monitored. Results showed that the co-cropping system was suitable only in spring-summer seasons and significantly increased Zn and Cd phytoextraction. In autumn-winter seasons, the growth of S. alfredii and its phytoextraction of Zn and Cd were reduced by co-cropping and MC application. In total, the mono-crops of S. alfredii recorded a highest phytoextraction of Zn and Cd. However, the greatest reduction of soil Zn, Cd and Pb was observed with the co-crop + MC treatment, the reduction rates were 28%, 50%, and 22%, respectively, relative to the initial soil metal content. The reduction of this treatment was mainly attributed to the downwards leaching of metals to the subsoil caused by MC application. The continuous monitoring of leachates during 2. 5 year's experiment also revealed that the addition of MC increased heavy metal concentrations in the leaching water, but they did not significantly exceed the III grade limits of the underground water standard of China.

Objective: To explore the effects of glutamine (Gln) induced heat shock protein 70(Hsp70) overexpression on atrial fibrosis and connexin 43 remodeling in isoprenaline(ISO)treated rats and related mechanisms., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each group): control group, DMSO group, ISO 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) group (Fibrosis group), ISO 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) + Ala-Gln 0.75 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) group (Intervention group) and ISO 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) + QUE 100 mg× kg(-1)×d(-1) + Ala-Gln 0.75 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) + DMSO group (QUE group).Rats were killed after 7 d. The AngII expression in myocardial tissue was detected by radioimmunoassay; myocardial fibrosis was observed by HE staining.Collagen volume fractions were quantified by Masson staining and as the indicators of atrial fibrosis. The expressions of Hsp70, p-JNK1/2/3, c-Jun and Cx43 were determined with immunohistochemical method., Results: AngII content was similar between the control group [(68.51 ± 10.76) pg/L] and DMSO [(71.47 ± 11.49) pg/L] group (P > 0.05), and significantly increased in fibrosis group [(211.25 ± 49.49) pg/L], intervention group [(185.32 ± 54.85) pg/L] and QUE [(189.90 ± 42.12) pg/L] group (P < 0.01 vs. control group). Atrial fibrosis was significantly higher in the fibrosis group [(29.485 ± 9.966)%] and QUE group [(25.060 ± 8.581)%] but not in the intervention group [(7.861 ± 1.867)%] compared to control group [(6.842 ± 1.674)%] and DMSO group [(7.108 ± 1.343)%]. The expression of Hsp70 was similar among the control group (0.160 ± 0.023), DMSO group (0.163 ± 0.022), fibrosis group (0.166 ± 0.028) and QUE (0.168 ± 0.027) group (P > 0.05) while significantly upregulated in the intervention group (0.215 ± 0.018) (P < 0.01 vs. control group). The expressions of p-JNK1/2/3 and c-Jun were similar between control group (0.151 ± 0.016;0.163 ± 0.022) and DMSO group (0.154 ± 0.021;0.164 ± 0.024)(P > 0.05), while significantly upregulated in fibrosis group (0.202 ± 0.025; 0.254 ± 0.044) and QUE group (0.196 ± 0.024; 0.251 ± 0.027) (P < 0.01 vs. control group) but not in intervention group (0.160 ± 0.025; 0.168 ± 0.024)were not changed obviously (P > 0.05 vs. control group). The content of Cx43 was similar between control group and DMSO group (0.231 ± 0.035 vs. 0.220 ± 0.032, P > 0.05), and was linearly distributed in intercalated disc of the cardiomyocytes, however, the content of Cx43 was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) and the Cx43 distribution was disordered in fibrosis group (0.163 ± 0.013) and QUE group (0.165 ± 0.024), while these changes were not found in intervention group., Conclusion: Glutamine could reduce the atrial fibrosis and Cx43 remodeling in isoprenaline-treated rats by up-regulating Hsp70 and inhibiting JNK signaling pathway activation through down-regulating p-JNK1/2/3 and c-Jun expression.

Many previous studies demonstrated that the performance of the subsurface constructed wetlands (SSCW) for wastewater treatment was superior to that of the free flow surface constructed wetlands (FFSCW). However, our results indicated that the performance of FFSCW derived from the evolution of SSCW due to clogging for COD, TOC, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphor (TP) removal was higher than those of SSCW with the same substrate and plant. The laboratory culture experiments were adopted to evaluate the effect of the constructed wetland evolution on the organic matter mineralization, nitrification/denitrification as well as removal of nitrogen and phosphor. It was shown that, after evolution of SSCW into FFSCW, the mineralization rate for organic matter (as TOC) was 1.82 mg x h(-1), and it was 1.49 mg x h(-1) for SSCW. The removal efficiency for NO3(-) was 96.8%, and it was 58.1% for SSCW. The abiotic denitrification removal efficiency was 40%, and it was 28.2% for SSCW. In addition, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of the substrate after evolution for phosphor (as P) was 160 mg x kg(-1), and it was 140 mg x kg(-1) for SSCW substrate. The organic coverage of the substrate was found to be beneficial to phosphor removal. The nitrification ability decreased after evolution. These results suggest the important effect of constructed wetland evolution on its performance.

Objective: To understand the epidemic trends of schistosomiasis in Wuyi Village of Muping Lake, so as to provide the references for making control strategy of schistosomiasis in embankment subtype in Dongting Lake region., Methods: The data relating to the morbidity of schistosomiasis among human and domestic animals, the status of Oncomelania snails, the parameters of demographic and social economic development, and intervention measures were collected in Wuyi Village from 2002-2010. Based on this information, the changing trends of schistosomiasis were dynamically analyzed., Results: The infection rate of schistosomiasis among human reduced from 11.44% in 2002 to 1.12% in 2010. The infection rate among male residents was higher than that of female ones. The fishermen had the highest infection rate among all the occupational groups. The positive rate of stool examination in cattle was stable at 10%. The density of snails outside embankment greatly decreased from 10.49 snails/0.1 m2 in Autumn of 2003 to 0.68 snails/0.1 m2 in Autumn of 2010. The mean density of infected snails outside embankment reached the peak of 0.026 snails/0.1 m2 in Spring of 2003, yet the figure reduced to zero from 2006 to now., Conclusion: The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuyi Village has been greatly reduced, yet cattle and fishermen are still the targets of schistosomiasis control in the future.

Objective: To find out variety of the fungal diseases of cultivated Gentiana rigescens and provide important basis for prevention., Methods: The diseases were diagnosed based on field investigate, symptoms observation, pathogen isolation, determination the size of morphological and verification following the Koch's Postulate procedures., Results: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), brown spot (Alternaria tenuis), rust (Aecidiumpers), circular spot (Pestalotiopsis), leaf blight (Stemphylium, Ascochyta, Pleospora) and nematodes (Heterodera spp., Meloidogyne spp.) were found on Gentiana rigescens. Anthracnose was the first main disease, the diseased plant rate was over 40% and disease severity was 4 - 5 degree and second disease was rust, incidence of rate was less 10% and other diseases rate was not enough 2%., Conclusion: All these diseases on Gentiana rigescens are reported for the first time and Gentiana rigescens is the new host plant of the diseases.

Objective: To explore the effects of valsartan and MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on atrial fibrosis and connexin40 (Cx40) remodeling in rats treated with isoproterenol (ISO)., Methods: 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (A), ISO (5 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 7 days) + DMSO group (B), ISO + U0126 (0.5 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 28 days) group (C, U0126 was dissolved in DMSO), ISO + valsartan (30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 28 days) + DMSO group (D). Rats were sacrificed after 28 days. The AngIIcontent in myocardial tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay, P-MEK1/2, P-ERK1/2 and Cx40 was detected by immunohistochemistry, atrial fibrosis was determined on HE and Masson stained heart sections., Results: The content of AngII was significantly higher in group B, C and D compared with group A [(368.243 ± 6.283) ng/L, (357.175 ± 5.944) ng/L, (359.908 ± 2.496) ng/L vs (250.380 ± 4.261) ng/L, P < 0.01]; the degree of atrial fibrosis was significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B [CVF(10.260 ± 0.525)%, (10.238 ± 0.524)% vs (78.710 ± 1.587)%, P < 0.01] while there was no atrial fibrosis in group A [CVF(9.025 ± 0.456)%]; the expression of P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in group B compared with group A (P-MEK1/2: 0.311 ± 0.007 vs 0.203 ± 0.009, P < 0.01; P-ERK1/2: 0.259 ± 0.003 vs 0.173 ± 0.006, P < 0.01) and significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B (P-MEK1/2: 0.212 ± 0.004, 0.213 ± 0.005 vs 0.311 ± 0.007, P < 0.01, P-ERK1/2: 0.178 ± 0.004, 0.175 ± 0.007 vs 0.259 ± 0.003, P < 0.01). The content of Cx40 was obviously reduced and the distribution of Cx40 was disordered in group B compared with A (0.199 ± 0.007 vs 0.241 ± 0.004, P < 0.01) which could be partly reversed in group C and D (0.239 ± 0.037, 0.235 ± 0.006 vs 0.199 ± 0.007, P < 0.01). All parameters in group C and D were similar (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The chronically elevated AngII content in myocardium may be related to atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling in this model, valsartan and U0126 were equivalent on attenuating atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling by inhibiting ERK pathways at different levels.

In order to elucidate the influence of chelators on Cd leaching in contaminated soil, outdoor soil column (100 cm) leaching experiments were conducted using two paddy soils irrigated with Pb-Zn mining wastewater. Soil samples which under intercropping systems were collected from Qingyuan City (acid soil with pH 4.63) and Lechang city (neutral soil with pH 6.51), Guangdong Province of China. The mixture of chelators (MC) comprised of citric acid, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, EDTA and KCl with molar ratio of 10 : 1 : 2 : 3 at the concentration of 5 mmol x kg(-1) soil. The intercropping system used in this study was a Zn- and Cd-hyperaccumulator (Sedum alfredii) and a low-accumulating crop (Zea mays). Results showed that at day 2 after the application of MC, the Cd concentrations in leachates from every layer of neutral and acid soils increased significantly in the treatment with intercropping and MC. At day 8 the concentrations of Cd in leachate from layers below 20 cm in the neutral soil and below 60 cm in the acid soil were still significantly higher than those of control. However, the mobility of Cd was decreased greatly compared with that at day 2. At day 2 and day 8 the Cd concentrations in leachates from every layer of neutral and acid soils in the Co-crop + MC treatments exceed the value of the Groundwater Quality Standards (GB/T 14848-93). Cd in all soil columns showed the trend to migrate downwards, especially in the acid soil. The total Cd in the soil layers of 20 cm and 40 cm was decreased by 40% -58% and 39%-49% respectively at the end of the experiments compared to the initial value. After leaching of 100 days,the total Cd in 0-40 cm soil layer of acid soil reached the limit of National Soil Environmental Quality Standards (GB 15618-1995). The results also implied that in Cd-contaminated soil MC addition might enhance the potential risks of Cd contamination in groundwater.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of arterial duct stenting in neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum., Methods: Eleven neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum patients received arterial duct stenting in our hospital from December 2007 to September 2010 were involved in this study. The average age was (8.20 +/- 2.90) days (ranged from 3 to 13 days). The average weight was (3.41 +/- 0.29) kg (ranged from 3.00 to 3.88 kg). The stents were selected according to digital subtracted angiography measurements. After checking for correct position by angiography, the balloon was inflated to expand the stent to desired diameter. Oxygen saturation was monitored, echocardiography was measured and stent diameter and location were observed by chest Xray. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post procedure., Results: Stents were successfully implanted in all 11 patients. The preoperative peripheral oxygen saturation was (63.27 +/- 8.47)%, while increased to (82.73 +/- 5.59)% after alprostadil application and to (86.18 +/- 3.19)% after operation (all P < 0.01). After the operation, the peripheral oxygen saturation was higher than alprostadil application (P < 0.05). The intraoperative narrowest diameter of patent ductus arteriosus was (1.69 +/- 0.37) mm, the length was (16.72 +/- 2.37) mm. The internal diameter of implant stents was 4 mm, the length was (20.18 +/- 3.40) mm. After the operation, surgical B-T shunt operation was performed in one patient due to stent shift and pulse oxygen saturation decrease. One patient died post operation with unknown reason, another patient received stent balloon dilatation due to pulse oxygen saturation decrease at 4 months after the surgery. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum surgeries were performed in 2 patients at 5 and 7 months after stent implantation., Conclusion: The neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum arterial stent implantation was a feasible and effective procedure and this method could be used as preferred treatment in pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum for neonates.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and results of short and medium periods of follow-up of percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty for critical pulmonary stenosis of neonates and infants under 6 months of age., Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2008, 34 consecutive patients aged from 13 to 175 days with critical pulmonary valvular stenosis underwent percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Patients records, catheterization data, angiograms and echocardiograms were reviewed. Patients were followed up for 6 months to 4 years (mean 25.5 months) by means of clinical examination and Doppler echocardiography., Results: The pulmonary valvuloplasty was accomplished in 32 (94%) of 34 attempts. Immediately after dilation, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) decreased from (96 ± 28) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) (49 ± 20) mm Hg (P < 0.01), the transvalvular peak to peak systolic gradient (ΔP) decreased from (89 ± 25) mm Hg to (25 ± 12) mm Hg (P < 0.01), and the right ventricular/aortic systolic pressure ratio decreased from 1.2 ± 0.5 to 0.7 ± 0.3 (P < 0.01). One patient died because of cardiac tamponade following rupture of the pulmonary valve annulus, 2 patients developed pericardial effusion, 3 patients had infundibular spasm, 3 patients had a pre-dilation by small balloon and 1 patient had weakened femoral artery pollex. After a follow up period of 6 months to 4 years 3 of 31 patients lost to follow-up. Repeat valvuloplasty was performed in 5 patients (3 neonates), no patient required surgery, and the other 23 patients did not undergo further intervention, a mean peak systolic Doppler gradient of (20 ± 13) mm Hg was found and no significant pulmonary regurgitation was seen., Conclusions: Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was effective and safe for the treatment of critical pulmonary stenosis of neonates and infants under 6 months of age with good short and medium term results.

Combining the different soil remediation technologies can overcome the shortcoming of a single technique, for example, the combination of phyto-extraction with chemical washing can enhance the phytoextraction and build up an effective technology. In a pot experiment, the co-crop of Sedum alfredii and Zea mays was conducted, chemical washing was also applied with different mixtures of chelators (MC). Metals amounts washed by leaching, the uptake of metals by plants and the metals contents remained in soils were determined. Results showed that the co-crop combining with 10 mmol x L(-1) MC washing removed the highest amount of Zn and Cd,and after 2 crops, the removal rates reached 6.0% and 40.46% of the soil total metal respectively for Zn and Cd, which were higher than those for the only co-planting. Soil analysis showed that the two successive co-crops with MC washings decreased soil Cd,Zn and Pb by 27.8% - 44.6%,12.6% -16.5% and 3.6% - 5.7%, respectively. Chemical washing with 50 mmol x L(-1) MC affected the growth of S. alfredii and resulted in higher metal contents in thereafter leachate water than the other less concentrated washing agents. EDDS ([S, S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) enhanced the phytoextraction of Cd and Zn but did not effectively wash Pb. Zn and Cd removal mainly depended on phytoextraction while Pb removal relied on MC-washing in this combined technology, by which the multi-metals contamination problem could be resolved.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on cardiac and renal functions in heart failure (HF) patients as a result of acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI) in peri-operative period of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI)., Methods: One hundred and twenty-six patients with AAMI-HF were enrolled into this study. All patients undertaken pPCI were randomly assigned to the rhBNP group (n=62) or the control group (n=64). rhBNP or nitroglycerin was intravenously administered on the basis of conventional treatment from first day of admission to 24 hours after pPCI in both groups. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and heart function were observed. All patients were followed up for 30 days for the observation of main adverse cardiac events (MACE)., Results: The HR was significantly decreased compared with that at admission in rhBNP group, but such condition was not found in the control group. The SBP was reduced obviously in both groups. The plasma level of BNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were improved significantly at different time points compared with those before administration in both groups. The improvement of above parameters in rhBNP group was more significant than that in the control group [BNP (ng/L) 30 hours after pPCI: 303.5±128.4 vs. 354.0±133.6, 14 days after pPCI: 157.8±78.6 vs. 201.1±91.7; LVEF 1 day after pPCI: 0.420±0.052 vs. 0.378±0.055, 14 days after pPCI : 0.444±0.050 vs. 0.393±0.055, 30 days after pPCI: 0.469±0.053 vs. 0.413±0.052; LVEDD (mm) 1 day after pPCI: 53.5±4.4 vs. 57.6±4.4, 14 days after pPCI : 49.6±5.1 vs. 53.4±4.6, 30 days after pPCI: 46.5±4.4 vs. 50.2±4.8, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. The eGFR was reduced obviously 1 day after pPCI than that at admission in both groups, and eGFR recovered to baseline 3 days after pPCI. The level of eGFR was significantly increased 7 days and 14 days after pPCI than that at admission, but there was no difference between rhBNP group and control group. The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy showed a lowering tendency in the rhBNP group than that in the control group [19.4% (12/62) vs. 29.7% (19/64), P=0.178]. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was obviously lowered 7 days after pPCI in the rhBNP group than that in the control group [48.4% (30/62) vs. 75.0% (48/64), P<0.01]. The rate of MACE was lower in rhBNP group than that in control group in 30 days [12.9% (8/62) vs. 26.6% (17/64), P<0.05]., Conclusion: Administration of rhBNP can effectively improve the heart function in AAMI-HF patients undergoing pPCI, and it lowered the incidence of MACE in 30 days, without influence on renal function, and it can reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy.

With the low utilization rate of fertilizers by crop and the growing amount of fertilizer usage,the agricultural non-point source pollution in China is becoming more and more serious. The field experiments planting corns were conducted, in which the applied chemical fertilizers were recovered with plastic film to realize the separation of fertilizers from rain water. In the experiments, the influences of different fertilizing treatments on the growing and production of sweet corn were observed. The fertilizer utilization rate and the nutrient contents in surface run-off water with and without the film covering were also determined. Results showed that, with only 70% of the normal amount of fertilizers,the sweet corn could already get high yield under the experimental soil conditions. Soil analysis after corn crops showed that the amounts of available N, P and K in the soil increased obviously with the film-covering, and the decreasing order was: 100% fertilizers with film-covering > 70% fertilizers with film-covering > 100% fertilizers, 70% fertilizers > no fertilizer. The average utilization coefficients of fertilizers by the crop were 42%-87%, 0%-3%, 5%-15% respectively for N, P and K. It was higher with film-covering than that without covering, especially for the high fertilization treatment. Analysis of water samples collected for eight run-off events showed that, without film-covering, N, P and K average concentrations in the runoff waters with fertilizations were 27.72, 2.70 and 7.07 mg x L(-1), respectively. And they were reduced respectively by 39.54%, 28.05%, 43.74% with the film-covering. This can give significant benefits to the decrease of agricultural non-point source pollution and water eutrophication.

Emperor Kangxi's Tingxungeyan in which he admonished his sons was connected with the thoughts of wellbeing that included temperance, caution, labour and pleasure. Temperance means moderation in food alcohol, vegetables, fresh fruit and not being extravagant. Caution means keeping cautious in daily life. Labour means being diligent in working rather than seeking ease and comfort. Pleasure means paying attention to cultivating one's mind so as to remain pleasant.

Determination of metal elements in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was studied by ICP-AES after HNO3-H2O2 digestion. The average recovery of the method for K, Mg and trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb in the Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was found to be 93.7%-108.2%, while RSD (n = 5) was 0.7%-4.6% for the metal elements. The method was applied to the analysis of some practical samples, and the results obtained were satisfactory. There is rich Fe in the samples. It is of important significance to assess the value of the Chinese medicine by the determination of trace elements in it with ICP-AES.

With cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety Jinyou 1 as test material, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. Three water regimes (50%-60%, 70%-80%, and 90%-100% soil relative moisture content) and two fertilization practices (600 kg N x hm(-2) + 420 kg P2O5 x hm(-2) and 420 kg N x hm(-2) + 294 kg P2O5 x hm(-2)) were designed. The increase of water and fertilizer supply benefited the increase of soil available P content and sucrase activity. Increasing fertilization rate increased soil NH(4+)-N content but decreased soil protease activity, and increasing soil relative moisture content decreased the soil NH(4+)-N content and urease activity. Soil microbial diversity had no significant correlations with soil nutrient contents, but significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and negatively correlated with soil sucrase activity. Among the treatments, the treatment 70%-80% soil relative moisture content + 600 kg N x hm(-2) and 420 kg P2O5 x hm(-2) had the highest soil nutrient contents, soil urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities, and soil microbial diversity and evenness, being the best in soil potential productivity.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of intracoronary administration of urapidil on myocardial blush grade (MBG) and left ventricular systolic function and synchrony in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) identified by MBG., Methods: Forty-three patients with AMI, in whom primary PCI was successfully performed (6.25+/-2.37) hours after the onset of angina pectoris,were found to have no-reflow phenomenon. They were randomized into two groups: urapidil group (n=22) and no-reflow control group (n=21). Nitroglycerin (200 microg) was injected into coronary artery. Urapidil (5 mg) was injected into coronary artery after 10 minutes in the urapidil group, and 0.9% NaCl (5 ml, weight percentage) was injected into coronary artery in the no-reflow control group. All the patients received same standard therapy afterwards. The left ventriculography (LVG) was performed immediately and 6 months after PCI to measure the ventricular volume, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and wall motion score (WMS). Equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) was performed 1 week and 6 months after PCI to determine the parameters of left ventricular systolic function and systolic synchrony., Results: The MBG of urapidil group and control group was grade 0.77+/-0.31 and grade 0.77+/-0.28 after PCI, respectively. The MBG remained unchanged in control group and significantly increased from grade 0.77+/-0.31 to grade 2.37+/-0.27 10 minutes in urapidil group (P<0.05). Follow-up at 6 months after AMI-PCI, left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), WMS and LVEDP were significantly lower in urapidil group compared with those in control group respectively (all P<0.05). The values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), peak ejection rate (PER), peak filling rate (PFR) of the ERNA as measured by ERNA were significantly increased in urapidil group compared with that in control group (all P<0.05). Phase analysis showed that the left ventricular systolic synchrony parameters phase shift (PS), full width at half maximum (FWHM) and peak phase standard deviation (PSD) were also significantly lower in urapidil group than those in control group (all P<0.05)., Conclusion: Intracoronary administration of urapidil can attenuate the no-reflow phenomenon, improve the left ventricular systolic function and synchrony in patients with no-reflow phenomenon after AMI-PCI.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of intracoronary administration of anisodamine on myocardial blush grade (MBG) and left ventricular regional and global systolic function and synchrony in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with no-reflow phenomenon post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Forty-seven AMI patients who underwent PCI within 12 hours of onset and MBG was 0 - 1 were randomized to receive standard therapy [group B, n = 23, 18 males, mean age (62.72 +/- 11.48) years] or standard therapy plus intracoronary administration of anisodamine [200 microg/ml, group A, n = 24, 18 males, mean age (64.23 +/- 12.27) years]. The left ventriculography (LVG) was performed immediately and 6 months after PCI to measure the ventricular volume, LVEDP and wall motion score (WMS). Equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) was performed 1 week and 6 months after PCI to determine the parameters of left ventricular regional, global systolic function and systolic synchrony. Incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the follow-up was analyzed., Results: Anisodamine [(2530 +/- 340) microg/person)] was well tolerated by patients. The MBG remained unchanged in group B and significantly increased from grade 0.74 +/- 0.32 to grade 2.33 +/- 0.28 10 min after anisodamine injection in group B. Six months post PCI, LVESVI [(40.53 +/- 8.12) ml/m(2) vs. (50.32 +/- 8.26) ml/m(2)], LVEDVI [(80.13 +/- 9.74) ml/m(2) vs. (87.17 +/- 10.25) ml/m(2)], WMS [(8.24 +/- 1.31) vs. (10.23 +/- 1.82)] and LVEDP [(13.36 +/- 4.21) vs. (16.38 +/- 3.21) mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa] were significantly lower in group A compared with that in group B (all P < 0.05) while LVEF [(44.02 +/- 5.86)% vs. (38.52 +/- 5.18)%], PER [(1.86 +/- 0.09) EDV/s vs. (1.61 +/- 0.09) EDV/s] and PFR [(2.19 +/- 0.32) EDV/s vs. (1.78 +/- 0.17) EDV/s] measured by ERNA were significantly increased in group A compared with that in group B (all P < 0.05). (2) LrEF(2)-LrEF(8) in group A were higher by 13.96%, 25.02%, 30.36%, 22.86%, 27.67%, 22.07% and 18.71% respectively compared with that in group B. (3) Phase analysis showed that the left ventricular systolic synchrony parameters PS [(46.04 +/- 8.93) degrees vs. (53.19 +/- 162) degrees ], FWHM [(23.02 +/- 6.27) degrees vs. (25.02 +/- 5.31) degrees ] and PSD [(7.92 +/- 4.12) degrees vs. (11.76 +/- 4.11) degrees ] were also significantly lower in group A than that in group B (all P < 0.05). (4) During the 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of MACE in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Intracoronary administration of anisodamine is safe and could partly attenuate the no-reflow phenomenon, improve the left ventricular systolic function and synchrony and reduce the incidence of MACE in patients with no-reflow phenomenon post AMI-PCI.

A greenhouse study on the effects of soil covering on pepper (Capsicum anmuum L.) water use efficiency and soil nitrate and available phosphorus contents showed that straw mulch + plastic film mulch could get the highest pepper yield water use efficiency (33.04 kg . m(-3)) and economic water use efficiency (50.22 yuan . m(-3)), followed by plastic film mulch, with the two parameters being 18.81 kg . m(-3) and 28.57 yuan . m(-3), respectively. Significant differences of nitrate N content in 0-20 cm soil layer were observed among different treatments. The control had the highest nitrate N content (50.33 mg . kg(-1)), followed by straw mulch (31.98 mg . kg(-1)) and straw + plastic film mulch (31.96 mg . kg(-1)), and plastic film mulch and applying water preserving agent. Compared with the control, soil covering could increase the nitrate N use efficiency of pepper, and decrease the accumulation of nitrate N in plough layer. In 0-20 cm soil layer, treatment plastic film mulch had the lowest available phosphorus content (0.72 mg . kg(-3)), and the second (0. 92 mg . kg(-1)) was the treatment straw + plastic film mulch. Treatments straw + plastic film mulch and plastic film mulch could increase pepper fruit yield and fertilizer use efficiency, and decrease fertilizer loss.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the clinical character and therapeutic strategy and prognosis in severe acute pancreatitis., Methods: From January 2001 to December 2005, 783 patients with SAP were treated. Therapeutic strategy was selected based on the preliminary scheme for diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis by pancreatic surgery society of CMA. All the patients were divided into biliary group and non-biliary group, while 375 patients in biliary group, with 182 patients treated operatively and 193 patients treated nonoperatively; and 408 patients in non-biliary group, with 147 patients treated operatively and 261 patients treated nonoperatively., Results: There were 698 survivals, the overall survival rate was 89.1%. 357 survivals in the biliary SAP group, the survival rate was 95.0%, in which 171 survivals from operation treated cases, with the survival rate of 94.0%, and 186 survivals from non-operation treated cases, with the survival rate of 96.4%; 341 survivals in the non-biliary SAP group, the survival rate was 84.0%, in which 110 survivals from operation treated cases, with the survival rate of 74.8%, and 231 survivals from non-operation treated cases, with the survival rate of 88.5%. 48.3% patients of the survival group had organ dysfunction, and 18.3% patients had multiple organ dysfunctions, while 100% patients of the death group had organ dysfunction, and 97.6% patients had multiple organ dysfunction. Respiratory dysfunction was found to be the most common cause totally followed by nerve system dysfunction and shock, with the rates of 26.3%, 11.7% and 10.3%, respectively. Respiratory dysfunction, renal dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction are most commonly in death group, with the rate of 94.1%, 60.0% and 60.0%, respectively. The rate of fungi infection in the survival group and death group were 8.9% and 37.6%. The rates of alimentary tract fistula in the survival and death group were 0.9% and 14.1%, respectively., Conclusions: The therapy aiming at the cause for biliary SAP and the operation aiming at infected pancreatic necrosis is helpful to improve curative rate; MODS is the main cause of death in severe acute pancreatitis. Respiratory dysfunction, renal dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction are high risk factors.

Objective: To investigate antibiotic resistance, clonal relatedness and carbapenemase genotype among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected from 3 comprehensive hospitals in Ningbo city, Zhejiang province., Methods: 28 strains of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from Ningbo Li Hui-li Hospital, Ningbo Li Hui-li Hospital, Ningbo First Hospital, and N ingbo Second Hospital. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these strains were examined by agar dilution and E-test method. Homology of these isolates was analyzed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Genotype of carbapenemases were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing., Results: 28 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were highly resistant to all of the antibiotics except polymyxin E. They were classified into 4 clones based on PFGE pattern. Clone A and B had been spreading widely. All of the 28 strains produced carbapenemases which were confirmed as OXA-23 by PCR and sequencing. Metallo-beta-lactamase was not detected in any of the isolates., Conclusion: All of t hecarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected from Ningbo were producing OXA-23 carbapenemase, suggesting that the transmission of clones had occurred in the 3 hospitals.