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Important forensic diagnostic indicators of sudden death in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, such as acute or chronic myocardial ischemic changes, sometimes make it difficult to locate the ischemic site due to the short death process, the lack of tissue reaction time. In some cases, the deceased died of sudden death on the first-episode, resulting in difficulty for medical examiners to make an accurate diagnosis. However, clinical studies on coronary instability plaque revealed the key role of coronary spasm and thrombosis caused by their lesions in sudden coronary death process. This paper mainly summarizes the pathological characteristics of unstable coronary plaque based on clinical medical research, including plaque rupture, plaque erosion and calcified nodules, as well as the influencing factors leading to plaque instability, and briefly describes the research progress and technique of the atherosclerotic plaques, in order to improve the study on the mechanism of sudden coronary death and improve the accuracy of the forensic diagnosis of sudden coronary death by diagnosing different pathologic states of coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

Background Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are often comorbid with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which can severely impact pregnancy health and delivery outcomes. The relationship between gut microbiota and pregnancy health has received increasing attention, but its association with concurrent HDP in GDM remains to be investigated. Objective To explore the association between gut microbiota characteristics and concurrent HDP in GDM patients. Methods The 204 patients with GDM who underwent prenatal examination at the Hangzhou Women's Hospital from August 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the study subjects. Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM only were categorized as the GDM group (n=181), while those concurrently diagnosed with GDM and HDP were categorized as the GDM with concurrent HDP group (n=23). Clinical data and inflammation detection markers of the enrolled pregnant women were collected, and fecal samples of the same period were retained for gut microbiota 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. LEfSe analysis was used to compare microbiota composition between the two groups at the phylum, family and genus levels, and to identify distinct bacterial enrichments. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify gut microbiota characteristics associated with concurrent HDP in GDM. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between gut microbiota and inflammatory markers. Results No significant differences were found in overall gut microbiota composition and relative abundances of major phyla between the two groups (P>0.05). LEfSe analysis on family level showed that the Veillonellaceae family was enriched in the GDM with concurrent HDP group (P

In order to choose a suitable thawing method for Micropterus salmoides (room temperature thawing, running water thawing, saltwater thawing, ultrasonic static water thawing and ultrasonic running water thawing), this paper took Micropterus salmoides as the research subject. To investigate the effects of different thawing methods on water retention, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), malondialdehyde content, peroxide value, total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+-ATPase activity of Micropterus salmoides. At the same time, the changes of texture properties such as hardness, elasticity and adhesion of fish were analyzed. The results showed that the normal temperature thaw 219 min, longest, fish water retention, lipid and protein oxidation was the most serious. Thawing water and salt water thawing time consuming 35 and 55 min, respectively, was the shorter of the normal temperature thaw, but fish water retention, protein oxidation, quality and structure characteristics of the various quality indexes such as the change was still serious. After ultrasonic static water thawing, the fish had better water retention and texture characteristics, and could effectively alleviate the oxidation of fish protein, but the lipid oxidation was more serious. Ultrasonic flow water thawing could complete the thawing of fish within 24 minutes, which was more efficient. Compared with other thawing methods, it could effectively maintain the water retention and texture characteristics of fish, and effectively delay the oxidation of fish protein and lipid. Ultrasonic thawing of frozen water, therefore, Micropterus salmoides had little effect on quality, was the most suitable thawing method.

The international standards IEEE 1474 and IEC 62290 for fully automatic operation (FAO) systems in urban rail transit were respectively set by IEEE-SA (institute of electrical and electronics engineers-standard association) and IEC (international electrotechnical commission) in 1999 and 2004. These two standards are different but related. In this paper, the working progress, relevance, the driverless definition, application scope, architecture, functional requirements and focus issues of IEC 62290 and IEEE 1474 are compared and analyzed respectively. IEEE 1474 is the theoretical foundation for research and development personnel in the field of railway signaling, which is applicable to operation control systems of urban rail transit, trunk railways and medium to high speed maglev, and IEC 62290 is more suitable for FAO systems in urban rail transit.

We report a case of lupus erythematosus panniculitis misdiagnosed as vasculitis. A 7-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of erythema and ulceration on the left lower abdomen and depressed skin on the left buttock. He had been diagnosed with vasculitis and skin infection in other hospitals for many times. Dermatological examination showed scattered dark erythema on the left lower abdomen, green bean to nail sized necrosis and ulcers with adhesive black crusts on some areas, and several porcelain-white mild atrophic scars. Non-atrophic band-like depression in normal color was observed on the left hip, ilium, left lower abdomen and the left groin. The skin could be pinched. Histopathological changes in the skin lesions included liquefaction degeneration of basal cells, pigment incontinence, infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells around dermal vessels and appendages, mucin deposition between collagen bundles, adipose atrophy, encapsulation of fatty lobules, and positive for Alcian blue staining. The final diagnosis was lupus erythematosus panniculitis. The patient was treated with oral hydroxychloroquine 0.1 g/qd and methylprednisolone 16 mg/qd, and topical mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream, centella triterpenes cream and crisaborole ointment. Ulcers were healed without new lesion and erythema at one-year follow-up.

Plastic sports-fields are commonly used in communities, schools and other public places nowadays, which can offer positive benefits to fitness and sports. Plastic sports-fields are usually made of petroleum-based materials. Under high-temperature weather, various potentially harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be released to the ambient air, which pose a potential health risk to people who are on the plastic sports-field or living near the plastic sports-field. In our previous work, an analytical tool for onsite investigation of air pollutants was developed by drone-based solid-phase microextraction (drone-SPME) coupled with portable gas chromatographymass spectrometry (PGC-MS). In this work, the drome-SPME-PGC-MS method was further used to analyze the air pollutants in the plastic sports-field. The volatile air pollutants such as benzothiazole and benzene were identified by NIST standard spectra and standard substances. The results showed that benzothiazole was released from the ground material of plastic sports-fields, while benzene was mainly released from the paint that was painted at the fence of plastic sports-fields. Analytical performances, such as sensitivity, reproducibility, and quantitation were investigated using drone-SPME-PGC-MS. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of benzene (1.0 μg/L) and benzothiazole (1.0 μg/L) were 13.2% and 11.4% (n=6), respectively, indicating the high reliability of drone-SPME for air sampling. The limits of detection (LODs) of benzene and benzothiazole were 0.036 μg/L and 0.088 μg/L (S/N=3), respectively, showing good sensitivity for air analysis. The different concentrations of benzene and benzothiazole in a glass container were detected using this method, showing good linear responses (benzene: 0.044-2.20 μg/L, R2=0.992 9; benzothiazoles: 0.10-2.10 μg/L, R2=0.993 7). Moreover, benzene and benzothiazole in the air at different plastic sportsfields were quantitative detected by established drone-SPME-PGC-MS. Furthermore, the releases and distributions of benzothiazole and benzene at different temperatures (33, 12 ℃) and different heights (0.5-40 m) were investigated, showing that these air pollutants were mainly distributed at the ground layer (≤ 5 m) and were mainly released at high-temperature conditions (33 ℃). Overall, the drone-SPME-PGC-MS is a promising analytical method for the onsite investigation of air pollutants at the plastic sports-fields.

Objective To establish keratin 5-IRES-eGFP knockin hESCs cell line by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, which could provide a cell model for the study of skin diseases with abnormal basal keratinocytes in the epidermis. Methods The sgRNA plasmid and target Donor plasmid targeting gene keratin 5 were constructed, and IRES-eGFP was knocked-in the target gene keratin 5 via CRISPR/Cas9 technique in hESCs, then the cell line were differentiated to basal keratinocytes with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Results PCR and Sanger sequencing results showed that IRES-eGFP was successfully integrated into the upstream of keratin 5 in hESCs cell line. The cell morphology was consistent with that of keratinocytes cell line HaCaT after differentiation and culture and the ES-KC cell line derived from hESCs differentiation was confirmed to express GFP and Keratin 5 stably by immunofluorescence staining. Conclusion Keratin 5-IRES-eGFP knockin hESCs cell lines are successfully constructed and are differentiated into basal keratinocytes labeled with GFP, which laid a foundation for subsequent experiments.

In - situ densification of the sprayed coating layer was realized by mixing large size shot peening particles into spray powder, which could improve not only the strength of the deposits but also the bonding strength of the deposited coatings with the substrate through the hammering effect of shot peening particles on deposited coatings. In this paper, recent development of the in - situ micro - forging assisted cold spraying technology was summarized. Firstly, the working principle of this technology was briefly introduced, and the influence of parameters such as shot peening volume fraction and particle size was discussed. Secondly, the evolution of the microstructure of the coating was discussed, including its effects on interparticle bonding quality, plastic deformation degree and subsequent heat treatment on the microstructure. Then, the mechanical properties and corrosion protection performance were summarized. Finally, some important issues which needed further investigations were pointed out.

Accurate measurement of soil moisture is crucial in agricultural water management. A mini inside-out nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor has been designed to measure the moisture in model soils, consisting of three cylindrical magnets magnetized in the axial direction and four arc spiral coils with the same size in series. A circumferential symmetric constant gradient field can be obtained by adjusting the radius and height between the cylinders. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor, this a wide-band matching method was proposed in this work to expand the excitation region of the radio frequency coils. The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) signal was analyzed through inverse Laplace transformation. With the results obtained, moisture content of the sample was found to be positively correlated with the integral area of T2 spectrum peak, verifying the feasibility of the sensor in soil moisture measurement.

Since the Harvard Brain Death Criteria was published in 1968, many guidelines and diagnostic procedures of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria (BD/DNC) have been published throughout the world, and these determination criteria have been constantly revised and updated. The World Brain Death Project published the "Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria" in 2020 to unify clinical practice across countries and improve the rigorousness of BD/DNC determination. This article analyzes and interprets these "Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria" (version 2020) to clarify the concept of BD/DNC, the minimum clinical criteria for Determination of BD/DNC, ancillary testing, and the pediatric/neonatal BD/DNC, and to compare with the current practical guidance for determination of brain death in China, and analyze the differences between China and foreign countries, so as to provide reference for medical personnel in related professions in China. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.003

High-crystallinity and low-defect graphene nanosheets with nano pores were prepared from natural flake graphite via high-pressure homogenization liquid phase exfoliation method.The morphology and structure of as-prepared samples were investigated with scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.The electrochemical performance was performed using coin cells assembled in an argon-filled glovebox.It was found that the wrinkled graphene sheets with nanoholes consisted of 5 layers,which had high crystallinity.As conductive additives for LiFePO4 cathode,graphene constructed fast pathway for electron and ion transport in the bulk electrode,resulting in superior rate performance.Electrochemical tests showed that the electrode achieved a high reversible capacity of 90 mAh/g at 10 C rate;in addition,the discharge capacity achieved 90 mAh/g when charging and discharging at 5 C rate for 200 cycles,maintaining 100% capacity retention.The approach preparing graphene is facile,which can be suitable for industrial scale production of graphene materials.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles and onychomycosis in Chinese Han population in Guangdong province. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique was adopted to detect the allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 in 64 cases of onychomycosis, including 10 cases of Trichophyton rubrum infection, and 64 healthy controls. The differences in allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls. Results: The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*10 in Han patients with onychomycosis were higher than that in the controls (χ2=5.10, P

Lithium metal has the lowest redox potential (-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) and extremely high specific capacity (3860 mAh·g-1), making it the ideal anodes materials for lithium secondary batteries. However, during the electrochemical cycling, due to the nonuniform nucleation growth of lithium, lithium dendrites are generated on its surface, and continue to grow and pierce the separator, causing short-circuiting of the batteries and even a fire. In the face of increasing energy density requirements, lithium metal anodes have once again become the focus all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the lithium metal anodes, suppress negative problems, and exert high performance. The artificial solid electrolyte interphase technology is an effective protection strategy for lithium metal anodes, which is essentially coating the surface of lithium metal with protective layers in advance. The artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers should have good ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, high barrier property and mechanical strength, which can make the lithium metal anodes have high efficiency, long-term life and dendrites-free properties.The artificial solid electrolyte interphase technology brings hope to lithium metal anodes applications. In this review, the research progress of artificial solid electrolyte interphase strategy for lithium metal anodes protection in recent years was reviewed, the preparation methods, structural characteristics, cycling performances of lithium metal anodes and other aspects were introduced in detail. The specific application and performances of artificial solid electrolyte interphases in lithium secondary batteries were for summarized. Moreover,the current problems were analysed and it was pointed out that for researches of lithium metal anodes, not only the mechanism research need to be strengthed, but also needs to be combined with practical applications.

The effects of surfactant structure and concentration on the preparation of high concent-ration graphene aqueous dispersion by HPH-LPE were systematically studied by UV-Vis spectra, TEM and laser granularity analyser. Three different types of surfactants were used:anionic,cationic and non-ionic. It is found that long hydrophobic segment, double bond and benzene ring structure is the key structure that can promote the performance of the surfactant and the optimum concentration of the surfactant is slightly higher than critical micelle concentration (CCMC).In the test range, Tween80 presents the best performance. The optimum concentration is 0.012mmol·L-1,and the obtained graphene aqueous dispersion concentration is 564.3mg·L-1. However, it seems no significant effect on the graphene quality of surfactant structure and concentration.

The high concentration graphene aqueous dispersion was obtained by high-pressure homogenization liquid phase exfoliation (HPH-LPE) of flake graphite in water. The effect of surfactant concentration, HPH pressure and cycle number on the concentration of graphene dispersion CG was studied by UV-Vis spectra. The structure and morphology of graphene were analyzed by Roman spectra, SEM and TEM. The results indicate that CG is obtained up to 324.3mg·L-1 for the first time by the parameters optimization, which is 10 times higher than that obtained by sonication; graphene obtained has few defects, thin thickness and large size, indicating the good quality of graphene production; the conductivity of free-standing film prepared by the obtained graphene dispersion can reach 3.2×104S·m-1.

Electrospun fibrous membranes have been widely used for research of lithium-ion battery separators because of the high porosity, large specific surface area as well as excellent electrolyte wettability. However, little research has been focused on the puncture strength, which influences the safety of lithium-ion battery seriously. PPESK fibrous membranes with different thicknesses were fabricated by electrospinning technique, and the mechanical properties were improved by heat treatment, and the puncture strength of heat-treated PPESK membrane was tested using universal tensile testing machine and the linear relationship between the puncture strength of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane and the thickness was established. The further microscopic analysis of the puncture failure region was carried out to explore the puncture failure mechanism of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membranes. The result shows that the puncture process of isotropic heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane is much tempered compared with PP microporous separator. The penetration of the heat-treated PPESK fibrous membranes was caused by the bend, deformation and fracture of PPESK fibers. The failure region of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane appears a circular hole, while the PP separator is long cracks. The puncture mechanism of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane is beneficial to prevent the destruction of lithium dendrites, but the puncture strength of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane remains to be enhanced.

A new type globular MnO2 flowers anchored graphene composites was synthesized via redox reactions among potassium permanganate/ethanol/graphene. The crystalline structure, chemical component, and microstructure of the composites were determined by XRD, TG, SEM/TEM and BET analysis. The electrochemical test demonstrates the globular MnO2 material possesses excellent specific capacitance while poor rate capability and cycling stability. By means of anchoring these globular MnO2 flowers onto graphene, the specific capacitance of graphene is significantly improved. Meanwhile, rate capability and cycling stability of the globular MnO2 material can be promoted remarkably. In 0.5mol/L K2SO4 electrolyte, the specific capacitance of the composites reaches as high as 295F·g-1 at 2mV·s-1, and maintains at 102F·g-1 even at a high scan rate of 1000mV·s-1.An outstanding capacitance retention of 96.3% is achieved for the composites after 1000 cycles at 100mV·s-1. It demonstrates the globular MnO2 flowers anchored graphene composites is a very potential electrode material for supercapacitors.

LiFePO4-C/graphene composite was successfully prepared by a facile approach of grinding, ultrasonic dispersion, stirring and drying and used as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.The structure and morpholgy of as-prepared LiFePO4-C/graphene composite material was characterized with transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy,and the electrochemical performance was tested using coin cells assembled in an argon-filled glovebox. SEM images show that in the as-prepared material, graphene nanoflakes are adhered on the surface of LiFePO4-C particles, and uniformly dispersed in the composite material forming an effective 3D conducting network. Electrochemical tests show that after adding 2% of graphene, rate and cycling performances of the LiFePO4-C/graphene composite material are obviously improved. For the rate performance, a high reversible capacity of 94.2mAh·g-1 is achieved at 5C rate,which is more than 2.53 times higher than that of pristine LiFePO4-C; For cycling performance, the composite material shows a low capacity decay rate of 9.6% when cycles under 1C rate for 100 times,which is lower than pure LiFePO4-C (43.5%). The electrochemical performance enhancement can be mainly ascribed to the effective 3D conducting network formed by graphene nanoflakes with superior conductivity.

In order to improve the mechanical property of traditional electrospinning fibrous membranes, PPESK-fiber/PVDF-bead composite membranes were prepared via simultaneously electrospinning of PPESK concentrated solution and electrospraying of PVDF dilute solution, and then hot pressed at 160℃. The membrane structure, tensile strength, ionic conductivity and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries were measured by scanning electron microscope, universal tensile test machine, electrochemical work station and battery cycle system. The results show that the hot-pressed PPESK/PVDF composite membrane separator exhibits excellent liquid electrolyte wettability, ionic conductivity reaches 1.92mS·cm-1 at room temperature,PVDF beads are uniformly dispersed in PPESK fibers. The interfacial strength of PPESK fibers is effectively enhanced due to the melt of PVDF beads during the hot press process, hence the mechanical strength of composite membrane is leached 13.2MPa. In addition, cells assembled with PPESK/PVDF composite membrane show high discharge capacity and stable cycling performances.

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.04.019

It is important that to analysis of the isotopic abundance and chemical purity of Sudan I-D5, which is the internal standard of isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The isotopic abundance of Sudan I-D5 is detected by “mass cluster” classification method and LC-MS. The repeatability and reproducibility experiments were carried out by using different mass spectrometers and different operators. The RSD was less than 0.1%, so the repeatability and reproducibility were satisfactory. The accuracy and precision of the isotopic abundance analysis method was good with the results of F test and t test. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) had been used for detecting the chemical purity of Sudan I-D5 as external standard method.

The comprehensive identification by logging and organic geochemistry reveals that the Chang 91 high-quality source rock of black lacustrine mud shale mainly develops in the south of Zhidan region. The source rock has both strong hydrocarbon-generating capability and strong hydrocarbon-expulsion power. According to the characteristics of high C30-rearranged hopane abundance and extremely low C30 hopane abundance of the Chang 91 source rock, in combination with other geochemical parameters in oil-source correlation, it has been found that Chang 8–Chang 9 reservoir oil shows a close relationship with Chang 91 source rock in the south of Zhidan region and there is a poor correlation between Chang 91 reservoir oil and Chang 91 source rock in other areas. Chang 91 source bed is an important zonal oil source rock and it plays an important role in the formation of Chang 8–Chang 9 reservoir in Yanchang Formation in the south of Zhidan region. Key words: C30-rearranged hopane, oil-source correlation, reservoir formation, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

The main functional activities of ginseng were summarized by reviewing the development status of its health food, including the types, technical applications, safety evaluation and market prospects, in order to provide guidance for the development of health food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and fast target detection is one of the key problems in hyperspectral image applications. Band selection is an essential step to improve the utilization efficiency of hyperspectral data. The current hyperspectral band selection methods don ' t consider task correlation, which affects the effectiveness of band selection results in actual target detection tasks. A new spectra equal interval extraction method was proposed based on constructing the spectra interval difference equalization calculation model. Experiments on hyperspectral remote sensing image dataset have confirmed the superiority of the new method. The results show that the proposed method can achieve better results in terms of computational time and accuracy compared with other band selection methods, and can efficiently achieve target detection of hyperspectral images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thick continental clastic rocks, which are important exploration layers, are deposited in the western Sichuan Basin. Based on the analysis of stratigraphic distribution, cross sections and regional setting, the evolution processes and structural deformation of continental clastic rocks in the western Sichuan Basin were discussed. The results show that because of the differential uplifting of peripheral orogens, the depocenters of continental clastic rocks in Sichuan Basin migrate regularly; the depocenter locates in the western Sichuan foreland basin in Late Triassic, and then shifts into the northeastern Sichuan foreland basin in Early-Middle Jurassic; the continental clastic rocks in the western Sichuan Basin are influenced by multi-phase tectonic events, including the Indosinan, Yanshanian and Himalayan movements; during the various tectonic movements, the basin types of the western Sichuan Basin change from an intra-cratonic rift basin in Early-Middle Triassic to a continental margin basin in Early Late Triassic, and then to an intracontinental foreland basin in the subsequent stages; thrust faults and folds are the most distinctive deformation characteristics of the continental clastic rocks in the western Sichuan Basin, and some major faults also have weak strike-slipping movement; the main structural styles involve imbricate thrust systems, pop-ups, fault-related folds and klippes, etc.; the zonation of structural deformation is horizontal, which has also controlled the zonation of traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of TCR α β, TCR γ δ and TCR δ 2 in peripheral blood and tumor tissue of colorectal cancer patients, and provide evidence for immunotherapy based on γ δ T cell. Methods The expression of TCR α β, TCR γ δ and TCR δ 2 in peripheral blood, normal intestinal mucosa, paracancerous and carcinoma tissue of colorectal cancer patient were detected with flow cytometry. The correlation between the expression of TCR δ 2 in peripheral blood and TCR γ δ, TCR δ 2 in tissue was analyzed. Results The expression levels of TCR γ δ, TCR δ 2 in peripheral blood were obviously higher than that of the control group. The expression levels of TCR γ δ, TCR δ 2 in paracancerous and carcinoma tissue were higher than those of the normal intestinal mucosa tissue. With the expression of TCR δ 2 in peripheral blood at a high level the expression of TCR γ δ and TCR δ 2 in paracancerous tissues increased simultaneously, whereas the expression of TCR γ δ and TCR δ 2 declined in carcinoma tissue. Conclusions There are correlation between the level of V δ 2 T cell in peripheral blood and the level of γ δ T cell and V δ 2 T cell in carcinoma tissue of colorectal cancer patient, which may provide theoretical evidence for regional intervention therapy of V δ 2 T cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimal model representing the collapsing scenario of single-layer latticed shells is established. The optimal objective is to minimize the weight of the shell structure, and the optimal variables are the cross-sectional dimensions of members. The optimal model takes the slender ratio, deflection, strength and stability of members as constraint conditions to ensure the optimized structure meet the requirements of the related codes and standards. Meanwhile, the well-formedness is also taken as a constraint condition to guarantee the optimized structure present an ideal strength failure with clear failure characteristics under severe earthquake excitations. According to the respective advantages and disadvantages of genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing algorithms (SA), a genetic-simulated annealing algorithm (GASA) is proposed by taking the genetic algorithm as main process and integrating it with the simulated annealing mechanism. A GASA program is coded with C++ building language, and a GASA-ANSYS optimization program is obtained by combining the GASA program with a command stream of finite element analysis coded by APDL language. An optimization of a K6 single-layer spherical shell with a 70 m span is carried out. By performing form vulnerability analyses and dynamical time-history analyses to the optimized structure, it is concluded that the optimal model and program could be used to solve the collapsing scenario optimization of large-scale, single-layer spherical domes subjected to earthquake excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geothermal lithospheric thickness reflects the thermal effect of lithosphere in long-time scale and the deep dynamic processes of earth. Calculation method of geothermal lithospheric thickness was introduced, preference selection and influencing factors of the method were discussed, and the differences of geothermal and other lithospheric thicknesses and their reasons were compared. The results show that calculation result of geothermal lithospheric thickness is influenced by crustal layered structure, heat generation rate and thermal conductivity of rock and surface heat flow; crustal layered structure in geological history should be speculated according to the newest research findings in petrology, petrogeochemistry, etc.; effect of heat generation rate of lithospheric mantle on the calculation result of geothermal lithospheric thickness is very significant when the surface heat flow is low (42 mW ⋅ m-2), change of 0.02 µW ⋅ m-3 for heat generation rate of lithospheric mantle has a maximum effect on the calculated results with the change of 40 km, and change of 0.2 W ⋅ (m ⋅ K)-1 for thermal conductivity of lithospheric mantle results in the change of 15 km; when surface heat flow is 60 mW ⋅ m-2, change of 0.02 µW ⋅ m-3 for thermal conductivity of lithospheric mantle results in the change of 3 km, and change of 0.2 W ⋅ (m ⋅ K)-1 for thermal conductivity of lithospheric mantle results in the change of 5 km; when surface heat flow increases 1 mW ⋅ m-2, the geothermal lithospheric thickness increases 3 km; geothermal lithospheric thickness has slightly differences with petrological and seismological lithospheric thickness, and the differences depend on the thickness of rheological boundary layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the coupling effects of face sheets and core, as well as the effects of core material in the deformation of the sandwich beam, an improved analytical model is proposed, and the dynamic response of a fully clamped sandwich beams under the impact of a low impulsive projectile is discussed. The bending effects of the core before the two face sheets arrive at the same velocity are considered in the proposed analytical model, which is different from the previous sandwich beam model. The comparison of experimental and numerical results indicates that the model can well predict the responses of the sandwich beams, and is available for the situation when the sandwich beam deforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the one-dimensional nonlinear mass-spring model, the dynamic responses of foam beam under different impact loadings were analyzed. Under the condition that the initial loading impulses are the same, the elastic-plastic stress wave propagation in the foam beam, as well as its dynamic performance, was investigated for rectangle, sine, triangular or anti triangular loading. Based on these results, the critical loading/loading impulse was proposed for different loading shapes. The results presented in this paper are helpful in clarifying the dynamic responses of cellular materials under different loadings, and provide theoretical guidance for the dynamic design of foam structures under different working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban residential area is an important component of urban ecosystem. Its carbon process will have an important impact on carbon cycle and carbon balance of urban ecosystem. In this paper, the data of CO2 emission and absorption in Guanzhong area were collected by case ana-lysis, literature consulting and questionnaires and surveys to analyze its sources and the spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that building materials production and renovation of residential area had the most CO2 emission, and building materials had much larger CO2 emission compared with everyday means of subsistence. Only 40% -52% of total carbon emission occurred within the residential area, while the rest was in the peripheral area. The spatial distance variation of carbon source, the spatial differences of carbon component and the spatial distribution by spheres and zoning were observed. As for CO2 absorption, only 9% -17% CO2 emission could be absorbed in the residential area, and the others had to be imposed to the outer space, showing hierarchical grading rules and spatial variation. Some space management techniques and intervention measures were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field practice of physical geography is one of the main courses in geography department of universities. Traditional field practice aims at cementing and testing theoretical knowledge, and practical trainings are mostly carried out as the pattern of different courses in different terms. The practice focuses on the knowledge of every branch course, and often overlooks the comprehensive nature of physical geographical science, fails to train students ' innovation thought and the ability of integrated analysis. Proceeding from training innovative talents as well as the comprehensiveness and application of geographical science, this study takes the field practice of physical geography of Central China Normal University as an example, and combines with the practice of ourselves, to evaluate the practices of traditional individual phase and individual course, and to analyze the content, method, efficiency of the comprehensive practice of physical geography. And we also discuss the development trend of practice of physical geography of geographical science major in normal university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the forest resources investigation data and the forest fire inventory in 1953- 2011, in combining with our field research in burned areas and our laboratory experiments, this paper estimated the carbonaceous gases carbon dioxide (CO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emission from the forest fires in Xiao Xing'an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China in 1953 -2011. The total carbon emission from the forest fires in the Xiao Xing'an Mountains in 1953-2011 was 1. 12×107 t, and the annual emission was averagely 1. 90×105 t, accounting for 1. 7% of the annual average total carbon emission from the forest fires in China. The emission of CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC was 3. 39×107, 1.94×105, 1. 09×105, and 7. 46×104 t, respectively, and the corresponding annual average emission was 5. 74×105, 3.29×104, 1. 85×103, and 1. 27×103 t, accounting for 1. 4%, 1. 2%, 1.7%, and 1. 1% of the annual carbonaceous gases emitted from the forest fires in China, respectively. The combustion efficiency and the carbon emission per unit burned area of different forest types decreased in order of coniferous forest > broad-leaved forest > coniferous broadleaved mixed forest. Some rational forest fire management measures were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the effect of temperature and the size of original particles on the floes re-growth capability and the particles removal by floes breakage and re-growth. The process of formation, breakage, and re-growth of floes was investigated with PDA 2000. It is found that there is a full re-growth of broken floes when coagulating in charge neutrality, while coagulating in sweep coagulation, the break-up process of floes displays distinct irreversibility. The lower temperature results in the higher re-growth capability of broken floes, and the reversibility of broken floes formed by small particles is lower than that formed by big particles. The residual turbidity after re-growth of broken floes is significantly lower than that before floes breakage, which was little influenced by temperature. The size of original particles has positive effect on the discrepancy of residual turbidity before and after breakage. The technology can be used for the surface water with big particles and low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study concerning the effects of selenium on the in vitro activation of endometrial lymphocytes (EML) isolated from pregnant goat.

AQP4 is one of the aquaporins, which is widely expressed in the brain tissue, and is the channel in the brain tissue controlling water pass in and out. In recent years, the function and expression of AQP4 was found to be closely related to brain edema. In the same time, brain edema is the pathological progress which is closely related to brain diseases. The research of the two may bring us more new ideas of clinical treatment. This paper reviewed the structure, expression, regulation, function of AQP4 and the advances in AQP4 and brain edema research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the curative effect of titanium compression miniplate internal fixation and craniomaxillary elastic traction in single mandibular fracture. METHODS: 112 patients were treated by two methods respectively: improved titanium miniplate internal fixation and traditional titanium miniplate internal fixation, with 56 cases in each group. The curative effect was evaluated. The data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software package for Chi-square test. RESULTS: No infection was found, the mouth opening were over 37mm for 4 weeks after surgery. Titanium compression miniplate internal fixation and craniomaxillary elastic traction was better than traditional titanium miniplate internal fixation in terms of occlusion rehabilitation(P<0.05). No malunion, delayed healing and pseudarthrosis was present in this series. CONCLUSION: Improved titanium miniplate internal fixation is advantageous over traditional titanium miniplate internal fixation with little influence on temporomandibular joint and better occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]