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Objective: To explore the effect and action mechanism of moxibustion on healing of cutaneous wound in rats., Methods: Twenty-four SD rats were selected and made into linear full-thickness skin injury model. With randomized digital table, rats were randomly divided into a treatment group and a model group, 12 cases in each one. Then according to treatment time, each group was again divided into a 1d group, a 3d group and a 7d group, 4 cases in each one. The moxibustion at injured skin was applied in the treatment group, 30 min per time, once a day. Hematoxylineosin (HE) staining method was adapted to measure growth status of capillary and number of vascular endothelial cell; immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)., Results: The wound healing indices in the treatment 7d group were higher than those in the model 7d group on both the 4th day and 8th day after treatment (both P < 0.05). The number of capillary in the treatment 1d group and 3d group was higher than that in the model 1 d and 3 d groups (both 1 < 0.05). The number of capillary in the treatment 7d group was lower than that in the model 7d group (P < 0.05). The number of vascular endothelial cell in the treatment 3d group was higher than that in the model 3d group (P < 0.05). The number of vascular endothelial cell in the treatment 7d group was lower than that in the model 7d group (P < 0.05). The difference of number of vascular endothelial cell between the treatment 1d group and model 1d group was not significant (P > 0.05). Positive cells accumulated score of V EGF expression in the treatment 3d group was higher than that in the model 3d group (P < 0.05). Positive cells accumulated score of VEGF expression in the treatment 7d group was lower than that in the model 7d group (P < 0.05). The difference of positive cells accumulated score of VEGF expression between the treatment 1d group and model 1d group was not significant (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Moxibustion could improve the healing of skin wound in rats, which could be related with regulating vascular endothelial cell and VEGF in wound tissue at different time.

Objective: To observe changes of anesthesia analepsia time and hypothalamic and hippocampal corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) protein expression after electroacupuncture (EA) intervention in acute traumatic rats, in order to explore its mechanism underlying relief of post-operative stress., Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, sham EA group and EA group (5 rats/group). Acute traumatic model was established by left lobectomy. For rats of the sham EA group, two filiform needles were inserted into the right "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) respectively, without needle-twirling and without electrical stimulation. For rats of the EA group, the right ST 36 and SP 6 were electrically stimulated at 2 Hz/100 Hz and 2 mA for 30 minutes after needle insertion. Anesthesia analepsia time was recorded and righting reflex was tested for the acute traumatized rats. The expression of CRF protein in the hypothalamus and hippocampus was analyzed with Western blot., Results: The anesthesia analepsia time and righting reflex recovery time were significantly shorter in the EA group than in the model group and sham EA group (P < 0.01). There was a close correlation between the anesthesia analepsia time and righting reflex recovery time (P < 0.05). In comparison with the normal group, the expression level of hippocampal CRF protein was significantly decreased whereas that of hypothalamic CRF protein evidently increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, hippocampal CRF protein expression was considerably upregulated and hypothalamic CRF protein remarkably down-regulated in the EA group (P < 0.05). A markedly negative correlation was found between hypothalamic CRF and hippocampal CRF protein expression, and between hippocampal CRF expression and the stimulating mode (P < 0.001), and a positive correlation was found between hypothalamic CRF expression and righting reflex, and between hippocampal CRF expression and EA intervention (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: EA intervention can shorten anesthesia analepsia time and righting reflex recovery time in liver-traumatized rats, which is closely associated with its effects in upregulating hippocampal CRF protein expression and down-regulating hypothalamic CRF expression. It suggests that CRF mediated hippocampus-hypothalamus-pituitary-axis is involved in EA induced reduction of post-surgical stress.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupunture (EA) on the abnormal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the expression of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptides family and CRF receptor (R)1 mRNA in traumatized rats, so as to study its underlying mechanism in improving traumatic injury., Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), normal+ EA group (n=10), surgical trauma (model) group (n=10), and model+ EA group (n=10). Traumatic injury model was established by performing an exploratory laparotomy in the rats under anesthesia. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1-2 mA) was administered for 30 min via two stainless steel needles inserted in "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6). Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) , corticosterone (Cort), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) contents were detected by double-antibody radioimmnoassay. Hypothalamic CRF and ORF R1 mRNA expression was assayed by reversed transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique., Results: The serum ACTH concentration decreased significantly in model group (P < 0.05) compared with those in normal control and normal+ EA groups, and was significantly higher in model+ EA group than that in model group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between normal control and normal+ EA groups in serum ACTH levels (P > 0.05). The serum Cort level increased significantly in model group (P < 0.05) compared with those in normal control and normal + EA groups, and was obviously lower in model+EA group than that in model group (P < 0.05). While serum LH and T contents had no apparent changes in the four groups (P > 0.05). The expression of hypothalamic CRF mRNA decreased significantly in model group (P < 0.05) compared with that in normal control group, but increased significantly in model + EA group (P < 0.05) compared with that in model group. However, no significant difference was found between normal control and normal + EA groups in the CRF mRNA expression level. The expression of hypothalamic Ucn 1 mRNA increased significantly in model group than that in normal control group (P < 0.05), and decreased considerably in model+ EA group than that in model group (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the expression of hyp, thalamic Ucn 2 mRNA, Ucn 3 mRNA and CRF R1 mRNA in the four groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: EA of "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao"(SP 6) can improve surgical trauma-induced HPA disorders, which is probably related to its effects in upregulating CRF mRNA expression and downregulating Ucn 1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus.

Objective: To investigate the polymorphisms of myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) gene promoters, and to explore whether such polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and sepsis in Chinese Han population., Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, the authors detected the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the promoter region of MD-2 gene at position - 1625C/G in 105 severe trauma patients (42 with sepsis). The organ function was scored., Results: The frequency of CC genotype in MD-2 gene promoter region at position - 1625 was 0.5 (21/42) in septic patients and 0.7 (44/63) in non-septic patients. The frequency of CG genotype was 0.38 (16/42) in septic patients and 0.27 (17/63) in non-septic patients. The frequency of GG genotype was 0.12 (5/42) in septic patients and 0.03 (2/63) in non-septic patients. The MODS scores in trauma patients carrying G allele at position - 1625 were significantly higher than those carrying C allele (P<0.001 for dominant effect, and P>0.05 for recessive effect). Moreover, trauma patients carrying G allele appeared to have higher risk of sepsis comparing to those carrying C allele (OR 0.477, 95% CI 0.266-0.855, P<0.05). Sepsis morbidity was significantly different between subjects with C and G alleles (P<0.05 for dominant effect, P>0.05 for recessive effect)., Conclusions: The polymorphisms of the promoter region of MD-2 gene at position - 1625 C/G is correlated with MODS and sepsis after severe trauma in Chinese Han population. The people with - 1625 G allele in the promoter region of MD-2 gene may be a risk factor of severe complications.

Gene is the regulation core of cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. It is also the decisive factor of occurrence, progression and prognosis of many diseases. The changes in gene expression will inevitably lead to many kinds of abnormal in cells, tissue, organs even in whole biological organism. Trauma, as well as other stimulators, may bring a series complications through the abnormal expression of genes following injury. With the development of bioinformatics and molecular biology, a series of assays (so called gene expression differential display analysis technics, such as DNA microarray) have been established, which have been used to analyze differentially expressed genes effectively. These methods have been widely used in the research of tumor and other disease. This review will focus to some usage of the ways in traumatology.