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Based on the conventional high-altitude and ground observation datasets and the 1-hour rainfall datasets from 93 national auto? matic weather stations in Jiangxi from April to September of 1998 to 2019, a total of 204 selected local hourly heavy rainfall events (hereinaf? ter LHR) in Jiangxi were analyzed and classified. With the analysis of synoptic meteorology, radiosonde, and physical properties, the concep? tual models of each category of these LHR events were established. The results are as follows. LHR in Jiangxi can be classified into 5 catego? ries, including Pre-Trough pattern (PRT), Post-Trough pattern (POT), Tropical System pattern (TS), Edge of Subtropical High pattern (ESH), and Control of Subtropical High (CSH) pattern. PRT is the most common type, which accounts for 48% of the total events. These events usual? ly occur in front of the high-altitude trough, near the mid-low-level shear lines, and are usually associated with cold fronts, stationary fronts, or low-pressure troughs on the surface. The second most frequent one is TS, which accounts for 19.1% of the total events. TS can also be divid? ed into the tropical cyclone type and the east wind wave type. The structure and movement of the tropical systems can significantly affect the area of LHR. ESH is divided into western ESH, southern ESH, and northern ESH. For this type, LHR events usually occur near the edge of the subtropical high 588 dagpm line, the low layer shear line, or the convergence line. CSH accounts for 5.5% of the total events. LHR happens when the subtropical high controls the entire Jiangxi Province. Particularly, when a center temperature at 500 hPa over the northern or eastern Jiangnan regions below -4℃ appears under the background of a cold trough, LHR events frequently occur on the ground convergence line, in the high-temperature area, or windward slope of mountains. POT is the least common type, which accounts for 4.4% of the events. It occurs under the northwesterly flow behind a trough, in the exit zone of the low-level jets, in the convergence zone, or on the surface convergence line.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide valuable insights into the current state and research trends of clinical trials involving probiotics in infant foods. The analysis of Chinese and English articles sheds light on critical areas for the development of clinical trial guidelines for probiotic use in infant foods in China.MethodsA comprehensive analysis was conducted on journal articles reporting clinical trials of probiotics in infant foods obtained from databases such as PubMed and CNKI. Co-word analysis and cluster analysis were employed to explore research themes and trends.ResultsChinese publications in this field outnumbered English publications by a factor of 10. Italy， China， and the United States were the top three countries contributing to this research. Foreign research institutions were predominantly universities， while Chinese research institutions were primarily hospitals and maternal and child health hospitals. Foreign research hotspots included the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri strains in managing conditions like diarrhea， infantile colic， and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. In China， the primary research focus areas included the application of Peifeikang for necrotizing enterocolitis， Miya for diarrhea， and Siliankang in combination with phototherapy or traditional Chinese medicine for neonatal jaundice.ConclusionChina should enhance supervision and approval procedures for clinical trials involving probiotics in infant foods and promptly establish corresponding clinical trial guidelines.

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of exposure in the population in 7 provinces and cities in China， the intake of glutamates （calculated for glutamic acid） in Chinese restaurant diners was calculated and compared with the recommended intake.MethodsA multi-stage stratified and population-proportional whole-group random sampling method was used to randomly select condiments in seven provinces/municipalities： Beijing， Chongqing， Liaoning， Shandong， Guangxi， Jiangsu， and Shaanxi. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the glutamate content of collected condiments. The glutamate intake was calculated based on individual consumption and body weight data obtained during the investigation based on a simple distribution model of restaurant diners.ResultsThe highest levels of glutamates were found in flavoring agents and enhancers， followed by chicken essence/chicken powder， solid compound condiments other than chicken essence， liquid compound condiments， soy sauce， semi-solid compound condiments based on animal ingredients， spices， and brewing preparation sauces， etc. The lowest levels of glutamates were found in salt and salt substitutes. The mean glutamate intake of a meal for restaurant diners was 47.87 mg/kg·BW， accounting for 39.89% of the ADI set by JECFA. The mean glutamate intake for a day was 61.33 mg/kg·BW when considering food consumed outside the restaurant during the day， accounting for 51.11% of the ADI. Among diners of different restaurant sizes， medium-sized restaurants had the highest intake of glutamates during a meal， with a median intake of 44.46 mg/kg·BW， followed by large restaurants and small restaurants， with significant differences （P0.05）， and the mean values as a proportion of ADI were

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination levels of anthraquinone （9，10-anthraquinone as representative） in tea for sale in border areas in China， and to assess the exposure level and health risk of anthraquinone for residents.MethodsThe content of anthraquinone （9，10-anthraquinone as representative） in samples of tea for sale in border areas was determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. Based on food safety risk monitoring data of 9，10-anthraquinone in tea for sale in border areas from 2016 to 2017， combined with the consumption data of tea for sale in border areas for residents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， the Tibet Autonomous Region， and Qinghai Province， the exposure level of residents to anthraquinone through the consumption of tea for sale in border areas was estimated by deterministic estimate methods. Exposure results were compared with the acceptable daily intake （ADI： 6.8 µg/kg·BW）.ResultsAmong 141 samples， the anthraquinone detection rate was 75.18%， and the average content was 0.029 2 mg/kg. Up to now， the limit standard for anthraquinone has not yet been set in China. The maximum residue levels （MRLs）of anthraquinone in tea are set at 0.02 mg/kg by European Union （EU） No 1146/2014. The total over-standard rate was 57.45%. In addition， the over-standard rate of stereotyped packaging and bulk packaging was 64.63% and 47.46%， respectively. The results of the deterministic evaluation show that the average daily exposure of anthraquinone from tea for sale in border areas of the whole population in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， the Tibet Autonomous Region， and Qinghai Province in China was 9.37×10-4 µg/kg·BW， 0.013 8% of the ADI. High consumer exposure （95th percentile， P95） was 3.12×10-3 µg/kg·BW， 0.045 9% of the ADI. Among the different sex-age groups， the average daily exposure and P95 daily exposure of women in the age group of 45-59 years were the highest， which were 1.41×10-3 and 6.16×10-3 µg/kg·BW， respectively. However， neither exceeded the ADI.ConclusionThe results of the exposure assessment showed that the health risk for the residents of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， the Tibet Autonomous Region， and Qinghai Province due to dietary exposure to anthraquinone through tea for sale in border areas was low and at an acceptable level. As anthraquinone contamination is prevalent in tea for sale in border areas， it is necessary to identify the source of anthraquinone residue， and some effective measures should be taken to control it. In addition， to respond positively to the limits of anthraquinone content in tea from China exported to the EU and other countries， it is recommended that the relevant authorities should study reasonable limits for anthraquinone in tea as soon as possible.

ObjectiveTo establish the risk assessment method of food disinfectant with the peroxyacetic acid disinfectant for poultry slaughtering and processing as the model disinfectant.MethodsReferring to the risk assessment methods of food disinfectants from international organizations， the risk assessment method of food disinfectants suitable for China was established by considering the health effects， efficacy， and antimicrobial resistance. The safety of peroxyacetic acid disinfectant used for carcass disinfection during poultry slaughtering was assessed using the established method.ResultsUnder the setting condition， the health risk of the ingredients of the peroxyacetic acid disinfectant （peroxyacetic acid， acetic acid， hydrogen peroxide， and 1-hydroxyethylidine-1，1-diphosphonic acid） and the disinfection byproducts and reaction products after the treatment did not need priority attention. Based on the literature search results， the use of peroxyacetic acid disinfectants may not lead to decreased efficacy of fungicides and/or be associated with antimicrobial resistance.ConclusionThe risk assessment method for food disinfectants in China was established， which can be used as a methodological reference for the safety assessment of the new food disinfectant products in the future.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the current screening methods for the students who were in close contact with tuberculosis patients， that could accurately identify the preventive treatment subjects， and to improve the tuberculosis prevention and control in Shanghai schools.MethodsThe freshman/sophomore who were in close contact with active tuberculosis patients in the colleges in 2019 were recruited. All the subjects underwent both tuberculin skin test （TST） and QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube （QFT） test at the enrollment. After signed the informed consent， all of the participants filled in a questionnaire and determined their baseline tuberculosis infection status. They were followed up for 2 years to monitor the conversion of infection status and the incidence of tuberculosis.ResultsFour of 9 （44.4%） positive participants had conversion to negative results， and 5 of 300 （1.7%） negative participants had conversion to positive during the 2-year follow-up， one of which was diagnosed with active tuberculosis. We assessed diagnostic agreement between QFT and TST at different cut-off values. The highest coincidence rate was 94.0% when choosing 15 mm as the cut-off value， with Kappa coefficient of 0.45 （95%CI： 0.32‒0.59）.ConclusionAlthough stricter than the national work requirements， the prevention and control of tuberculosis in Shanghai schools still need to be carried out meticulously. It's necessary to strengthen daily prevention and control measures， and improve the ability of management.

A hail event accompanied by the short-time several rainfall occurred in Jiangxi from March 21 to 23 in 2020. During this event, the hail at the night of 21 March occurred under the forcing effect of the southwest warm and wet airflow, and the hailfall around the noon of 22 March belongs to a baroclinic frontogenetic type of severe convective weather caused by significantly cold and warm advection. Using the conventional meteorological observational data and the S-band dual polarization radar (SPOL) data at the Nanchang station, we conducted a key analysis of the evolution of phase state of hydrocondensate in the strong convective cloud system in the event. The results show that reflectivity factor (ZH) is greater than 60 dBz and differential reflectivity (ZDR) is less than 0 dB. These characteristics of hail firstly appears in the height of 0℃ level, and develops upward and downward. Because the height of dry and wet bulb temperature reaching zero is about 3.8 km, the melting layer is small in thickness and its height is low. Meanwhile, the ground temperature is higher than 20℃. During the falling process of hail, ZDRand KDP (specific differential phase) change gradually from negative value to positive value, CC(zero order lag correlation coefficient) increases gradually to more than 0.9, but ZDR < 0 dB and CC < 0.9, at some times. It is shown that the small hailstones or big raindrops with water film formed by melting appear in the falling process of hail, but some large hailstones still fall to the ground. Three body scatter spider (TBSS) lasts for a long time, which is corresponding with the ZDR having a large slope i.e. abrupt change from positive value to negative value and the CC showing the characteristics of non meteorological echo. The hail particles during the event is mainly characterized by ZH greater than 60 dBz, ZDR being less than 0 dB, CCbeing less than zero and KDPapproaching 0°·km-1, while ZDR < 0 and CC < 0.9 when there is big hail. It is found by comprison that the short-term severe precipitation is characterized by ZDR ≥ 1 dB, KDP ≥ 1°·km-1 and its increasing with the increase of ZH, and CCbeing concentrated in the range from 0.95 to 1, which shows that the severe precipitation particles are mainly composed of big raindrops. Therefore, the dual polarization radar echo characteristics mentioned above can be used to decide the transition from hail to severe precipitation.

Li4Ti5-xYxO12 (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) anode materials were synthesized by ball milling assisted solid-state method used Li2CO3 and anatase TiO2 as raw materials and yttrium nitrate (Y(NO3)3·6H2O) as yttrium source. The phase and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The electrochemical performance and transport characteristics of the materials were tested and analyzed by an electrochemical workstation. The results show that there is no effect of Y3+ doping on the spinel structure of LTO material. When x=0.15, the ion and electronic conductivities of the Li4Ti4.85Y0.15O12 sample are 2.68×10-7 S·cm-1 and 1.49×10-9 S·cm-1, respectively, which are an order of magnitude higher than that of the intrinsic LTO, and present good transport characteristics. Electrochemical tests show that a first discharge capacity of Li4Ti4.85Y0.15O12 sample can reach 171 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 C rate. The sample still has a higher specific capacity of 102 mAh·g-1 and 79 mAh·g-1 at a high rate of 10 C and 20 C, respectively.After 200 cycles, the capacity retention rates are 92.6% and 89.1% respectively, showing good magnification characteristics.

Objective To investigate the structure characteristics, influencing factors and the correlation with clinical parameters of gastric microbiota in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Methods Preoperative gastric mucosa and gastric juice samples were collected from cirrhotic patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in our hospital from November 2020 to November 2021, and relevant clinical parameters during hospitalization were also obtained. The composition and diversity of gastric microbiota in the patients were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. LEfSe analysis was used to search for different bacteria; Redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to identify the main factors affecting the gastric microbiota community structure; and Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to explore the correlation between the abundance of gastric microflora and clinical parameters. Results Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were enriched in gastric mucosa, while Firmicutes and Fusobacteria in gastric juice. The Chao1 index of species in gastric mucosa was significantly higher than that in gastric fluid (P < 0.01), however, the Shannon index of community between the 2 groups was not different (P>0.05). PCoA analysis showed that there was statistical difference in community composition between gastric mucosa and gastric juice (P < 0.05). Further analysis of the gastric microbiota indicated that Peptostreptococcus and Capnocytophaga were abundant in the gastric mucosa of patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG), but the α diversity and β diversity of gastric mucosal flora had no significance between PHG and non-PHG patients (P>0.05). RDA analysis suggested that portal pressure gradient (PPG) was the main factor affecting the community structure of gastric mucosa flora (r2=0.683, P < 0.001), and the abundance of Hamadaea and Eikenella were positively correlated with PPG (r=0.633, 0.618, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusion The microflora structure between gastric mucosa and gastric juice is different in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, but there is no significant difference in the species diversity. The composition of gastric mucosal flora in patients with PHG has characteristic changes, and PPG plays an important role in the structure of gastric mucosa microbiota. The relatively increased abundance of Hamadaea and Eikenella in gastric mucosa may be associated with portal hypertension in cirrhosis.

ObjectiveTo study the contamination level of mineral oil hydrocarbons in complementary foods for infants and young children and assess its potential health impact for consumers aged 0­3 years old in China.MethodsThe contents of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons （MOSH） and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons （MOAH） were determined by on­line high­performance liquid chromatography coupled with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector. Based on the food consumption data of Chinese residents in 2015， the exposure to mineral oil hydrocarbons in complementary foods of Chinese infants and young children aged 0­3 years old was assessed by simple distribution method.ResultsThe overall detection rate of MOSH （C16-C35） in 4 types of complementary foods （canned foods， rice flour， noodles， and biscuits or molar sticks） in total of 138 commercially available complementary food samples was 45.65%， and the mean contamination level in different types of complementary foods was in the range of 0.55-4.40 mg/kg. The MOAH was only detected in 1 sample of noodles and 4 samples of biscuits or molar sticks. The overall detection rate of MOAH was 3.62%. The average daily exposure and high food consumption （P95） daily exposure of MOSH （C16­C35） for complementary foods consumer only population were 6.21 and 19.27 μg/kg·BW， respectively. The margins of exposure of all age groups were higher than 100.ConclusionThe health risk from dietary exposure to MOSH by consuming complementary foods is very low for infants and young children aged 0­3 years old in China. Attention should be paid to the contamination of MOAH in complementary foods for infants and young children.

ObjectiveTo carry out the theoretical risk assessment for food colorants in the National food safety standard-standards for uses of food additives (GB 2760—2014) by Budget method and deterministic assessment.MethodsBudget method was applied for calculating the theoretical maximum daily intake of food colorants which had ADI values and maximum use levels. For the additives whose intakes were higher than their ADIs, simple distribution assessment was performed with food consumption data from a Chinese total diet study in 2012.ResultsThere are totally 21 food colorants have both ADI values and maximum use levels in GB 2760—2014. These 21 food colorants were included in the assessment by Budget method . The maximum theoretical daily intake of 15 food colorants exceeded their ADIs. Then, these 15 food colorants were assessed by simple distribution assessment. The result showed that the average intakes were below ADIs but the P95 intakes of 2 food colorants exceeded the ADIs in the whole population. Among consumers, the average intakes were also below ADIs, but the P95 intakes of 8 food colorants exceeded the ADIs.ConclusionThe health risks of most food colorant intakes in the national standard were at low levels. However, a few food colorants showed a requirement for further assessment with the actual concentrations in foods to confirm their health risk level.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of full scan acquisition (FSA) mode and data dependent acquisition (DDA) mode for untargeted metabolomic analysis. Methods Qualitative and quantitative results of two acquisition methods were compared by using a standard mixture of 9 metabolites and human urine sample. Results In the analysis of standard sample, the metabolite abundance in FSA mode was about 2.36 times higher than that in DDA mode (P＜0.05), the CV of metabolites abundance ranged from 2.14% to 11.20% in DDA mode and from 0.81% to 6.35% in FSA mode. In the analysis of urine sample, there was no statistical difference in the number of spectra and metabolite feature between FSA mode and DDA mode. When injecting 1, 2 and 4 μL, the number of metabolites identified by FSA mode was 9.5％, 1.9％ and 10％ higher than those identified by DDA mode, respectively. And the median CV of metabolite abundance analyzed by FSA(7.1％,3.0％ and 2.6％)was significantly lower than that by DDA(10.3％, 7.0% and 6.5%). When injecting 1, 2 and 4 μL,with the increase of abundance, the median CV of metabolite abundance in DDA mode was 1.3-1.7,1.7-1.8 and 1.4-1.9 times higher than that in FSA mode (P＜0.05), and with the increase of peak width, the median CV of DDA mode was 1.5-1.8, 1.7-2.1 and 2.0-2.2 times higher than that of FSA mode (P＜0.05). Conclusions FSA mode requires high system stability, it is suitable for fast and small-scale sample analysis; DDA mode has lower requirement for system stability, and is convenient and time-saving, which can be used for long-time and large-scale sample analysis.

The structures of five kinds of millet from Shandong,Shanxi,Hebei and other provinces were studied by mid infrared (abbreviation:MIR) spectroscopy.The results showed that the infrared absorption modes of millet mainly include OH stretching vibration mode (νOH),CH3 asymmetrical stretching vibration mode (νasCH3),CH2 asymmetrical stretching vibration mode (νasCH2),CH2 symmetrical stretching vibration mode (νsCH2),CH stretching vibration mode (νCH),C==O stretching vibration mode (νC==O),protein amide Ⅰband mode (νamide-Ⅰ),protein amide Ⅱ band mode (νamide-Ⅱ),protein amide Ⅲ band mode (νamide-Ⅲ) and C—O stretching vibration mode (νC—O).Furthermore,the corresponding synchronous 2D-MIR spectroscopy of millet,including νasCH3-2d,νasCH2-2d,νsCH2-2d and νCH-2d,have some differences,which can quickly and accurately identify the five kinds of millets.This paper expanded the research scope of three-step MIR spectroscopy in structure and rapid identification of high-quality millet.

Objective To explore the condiment consumption for restaurant customers in Chinese, and provide basic data for risk assessment of hazards and nutrients in condiment. Methods Weighing method and three-day record method were used to investigate the condiment usage of 126 restaurants in 7 provinces/cities of Beijing, Chongqing, Liaoning, Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shaanxi. Meanwhile, the number of people eating in each restaurant every day was recorded to estimate the average consumption. Results The median consumption of condiments per person-time in Chinese restaurants was 3.52 g of salt and substitutes, 1.33 g of flavor enhancer and freshener, 3.63 g of vinegar, 5.18 g of soy sauce, 1.78 g of sauce and its products, 0.25 g of cooking wine and its products,1.54 g of spices, 3.64 g of compound condiments and 0.00 g of other condiments. The difference of condiments consumption among restaurant customers in each province and city was statistically significant(P

Objective To analyze the combined use of food additives in China, and to assess exposure levels of the common combination of food additives and its cumulative health risks. Methods According to the combined use of food additives in China in the global New Product Database, the maximum allowable amount of food additives of National Food Safety Standards the Use of Food Additives GB 2760-2014, food safety risk monitoring result in China from 2015 to 2019 and the data of the Chinese total dietary study in 2012, a simple distribution method was used to calculate the theoretical and the actual exposure of the common food additives combination in Chinese population and hazard index (HI) method was used to evaluate the cumulative risk. Results Two or more food additives was used in 79.90% of the foods in China, and the highest utilization rate is binary combination, followed by ternary combination and quaternary combination, with a maximum of 29 combination. Through the use of the quaternion combination, the average theoretical daily exposure of sodium benzoate, cyclamate and potassium sorbate in the diet of the general population in China was 1.30, 1.07 and 1.51 mg/kg BW, respectively. The theoretical exposures in the diets of the high food consumption group (P95) were 4.44, 4.69, and 5.19 mg/kg BW, respectively. The proportion of individuals whose average daily theoretical exposure of sodium benzoate, sodium cyclamate and potassium sorbate exceed their corresponding acceptable daily intake (ADI) in the general population was 5.50%. Through cumulative evaluation, it was found that 4 376 individuals had HI≥1, accounting for 13.69% of the surveyed population. According to the actual monitoring data, the average actual daily exposure of sodium benzoate, cyclamate and potassium sorbate in the diet of the general population in China was 0.17, 0.08 and 0.05 mg/kg BW, respectively. The actual exposures in the diets of the high food consumption group (P95) were 0.58, 0.33, and 0.44 mg/kg BW, respectively. The proportion of individuals whose average daily actual exposure of sodium benzoate, sodium cyclamate and potassium sorbate exceed their corresponding ADI in the general population is 0.02%. Through cumulative evaluation, it was found that 12 individuals had HI ≥ 1, accounting for 0.04% of the surveyed population. Conclusion Food additives in China are usually used in multiple forms, the most commonly used additives in binary, ternary and quaternary combinations have low cumulative exposure risks. However, individuals with HI≥1 should adjust their diet.

The western part of Jilin Province is one of the major agriculture zones in China. It is located in a semi-arid zone with limited and unreliable water resources, and also with serious soil salinization. It is of critical importance to manage the groundwater levels in the unconfined aquifer, considering both the risks of water resources and the ecological problems related to the shallow buried depth of groundwater levels. However, there is still lack of quantitative risk analyses on the current strategies of water use in this area. In this study the recurrent neural network is used to predict the rainfall and river flux from 2019 to 2023, which are then used as the input variables in the stochastic groundwater flow models to predict the spatial distribution of groundwater levels in the unconfined aquifer. The groundwater levels under six scenarios, including the present-day recharge and discharge, drought, chaos extraction, managed aquifer recharge, drip irrigation and paddy farming, are calculated. Following a risk assessment, the drip irrigation with a net extraction rate ranging from 2.0×108 to 3.0×108 m3/a is considered as the best strategy for groundwater resources utilization, which can effectively prevent the water resources in the unconfined aquifer from being over-exploited (with the buried depth of greater than 12 m), and also maintain the depth of groundwater table of greater than 1m to reduce the risk of soil salinization. Meanwhile, chaos extraction inducing the water resources depletion is the major factor, and both the managed aquifer recharge and paddy farming are helpful in water resources conservation, but may worse the soil salinization. The methodology employed in this study can be widely used in other arid and semi-arid areas for groundwater resources management.

The current study, using a systematic-literature-search approach, was intended to conduct hazard identification for dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and sodium dehydroacetate (DHA-S) which are currently used as food additives in China. DHA and DHA-S belong to the category of low toxic chemicals in terms of acute toxicity, mainly causing adverse effects in the central nervous system. Its subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity mainly include significant reduction of body weight and food intake as well as anticoagulant effect. Reproductive development toxicity result show they can decrease body weight and inhibit bone development in offspring. According to the hazard identification result, oral intake of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt can produce a variety of toxic effects above certain doses. Further study is needed to determine the acceptable daily intake of DHA and its sodium salt and provide scientific evidence for safely use of these compounds as food additives.

Objective To analyze the concentration and source of benzoic acid in rice wine and evaluate the health risk of dietary benzoic acid intake from rice wine among adult consumers in China. Methods 231 samples of rice wine and 15 samples of raw materials were collected from five main rice wine production areas in China, including Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Shanghai; the content of benzoic acid and its precursors were determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the sources of benzoic acid in rice wine were analyzed by the benzaldehyde and phenylalanine simulation test and the real sample acceleration test; the benzoic acid intake among adult consumers was evaluated by simple distribution assessment method. Results In all rice wine samples, the detection rate of benzoic acid was 99.13% (229/231), the concentration range of benzoic acid was ND (not detectable) -37.00 mg/L, and the average was 2.28 mg/L. In 98 end products, the detection rate of benzoic acid was 100.00% (98/98), the concentration range of benzoic acid was ND-1.60 mg/L, and the average was 0.52 mg/L; in 133 base wine samples, the detection rate of benzoic acid was 98.50% (131/133), the content range of benzoic acid was ND-37.00 mg/L, and the average was 3.58 mg/L. The result of source analysis showed that the benzoic acid in rice wine mainly came from raw materials, degradation of phenylalanine and oxidation of benzaldehyde. Exposure assessment result showed that the average exposure of benzoic acid for rice wine consumers in China was 0.001 mg/kg BW, accounting for 0.02% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI); and the 95th percentile was 0.005 mg/kg BW, accounting for 0.1% of the ADI. Conclusion The detection rate of benzoic acid in rice wine was high but the concentration was low. Source analysis result indicated that benzoic acid in rice wine mainly came from raw materials, degradation of phenylalanine and oxidation of benzaldehyde; the health risk of benzoic acid exposure to adult rice wine consumers in China was low.

The effect of sodium tungstate in insulation coating solution of grain-oriented silicon steel on the microstructure and properties of the prepared phosphate insulation coating was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Epstein square,insulating resistance tester and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) et al. The results show that, with the gradually increasing content of sodium tungstate in the coating solution, the wetting angle between the coating solution and the grain-oriented silicon steel substrate first decreases and then increases; the interlamination resistance, lamination factor and magnetism induction intensity of grain-oriented silicon steel first increase and then decrease, the iron loss first decreases and then increases. When the sodium tungstate content is 2.0%(mass fraction), the coating solution shows the best wettability on the grain-oriented silicon steel substrate, the wetting angle is 39.3°; at the same time, the formed insulation coating is dense and smooth, there is a diffusion area about 0.8μm at the junction between the insulation coating and the magnesium silicate bottom layer, furthermore, the humidity resistance of the insulation coating is not significantly changed; the interlamination resistance, lamination factor, magnetism induction intensity and iron loss of grain-oriented silicon steel reach the optimal values, which are 14073Ω·mm2, 97.0%, 1.893T and 1.051W·kg-1, respectively.

Background and objective Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of I3C on radiosensitivity in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive and EGFR-negative lung cancer cell lines. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma NIH-H1975 cells and human lung squamous carcinoma NIH-H226 and NIH-H520 cells were routinely cultured in RPMI-1640. MTT assay and clonogenic assay were used to detect cell growth and survival, respectively. Western blot and RT-PRC assay was employed to detect EGFR protein and mRNA expression. Results 5 μmol/L of I3C significantly reduced radiosensitivity of EGFR-positive NIH-H1975 and NIH-H226 cells, but failed to affect radiosensitivity of EGFR-negative NIH-H520 cells. Furthermore, I3C caused an increased expression of total EGFR and pEGFR (Y845) protein in NIH-H1975 and NIH-H226 cell lines, but not in NIH-H520 cell line. A reduction of EGFR expression by EGFR-siRNA significantly inhibited I3C-caused radioresistance in NIH-H1975 cells. Conclusion Our data presented here for the first time demonstrate that I3C reduces radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by mediating EGFR expression, indicating that EGFR may be an important target for I3C-mediated radioresistance in lung cancer.

The different geometric features of point clouds affect the difficulty of point cloud registration. However, most point clouds have partial overlap, geometric features are disturbed by noise, and there are some indistinguishable features on the point cloud surface, which makes it more difficult to extract representative geometric features. Combining the above reasons, this paper proposes a point cloud registration network GMNet that fuses geometric attention and multiscale features, using geometric Transformer to extract geometric features and encode point cloud point pairs with distances and angles to make it more robust under low overlap. Using multi- scale feature architecture to aggregate abundant semantic information at different scales to improve the accuracy of point cloud registration. Finally the features are selected by consistent voting algorithm with the appropriate domain size. The experimental results show that the overall registration accuracy of GMNet is higher, and the registration recall is improved to 93.4% and 76.0% for 3DMatch and 3DLoMatch datasets respectively. The relative rotation error and relative translation error are reduced to 6.2 cm and 0.26° on the KITTI dataset, respectively. The geometric Transformer used in this method extracts representative geometric features and combines multi-scale features to learn different levels of geometric information in the point cloud, which effectively improves the point cloud registration accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient was a male infant, born full-term, admitted to the hospital at 28 days of age due to jaundice for 20 days and abdominal distension for 15 days. The patient developed symptoms of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, massive ascites, and progressively worsening liver function leading to liver failure, severe coagulation disorders, and thrombocytopenia one week after birth. Various treatments were administered, including anti-infection therapy, fluid restriction, use of diuretics, use of hepatoprotective and choleretic agents, intermittent paracentesis, blood exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, albumin, and plasma transfusions. However, the patient's condition did not improve, and on the 24th day of hospitalization, the family decided to discontinue treatment and provide palliative care. Sequencing of the patient's liver tissue and parental blood samples using whole-exome sequencing did not identify any pathogenic variants that could explain the liver failure. However, postmortem liver tissue pathology suggested congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF). Given the rarity of CHF causing neonatal liver failure, further studies on the prognosis and pathogenic genes of CHF cases are needed in the future. This article provides a comprehensive description of the differential diagnosis of neonatal liver failure and introduces a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach to neonatal liver failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of regional disparities in feed grain supply in China. Monthly panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2021 were selected, and spatial autocorrelation and hot-cold spot analysis were employed to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of regional disparities in feed grain supply. Furthermore, the Theil index and spatial Durbin model were utilized to analyze the driving factors in depth. The results show that both cold spots and hot spots in the feed grain supply exhibit a concentrated trend, and their local spatial correlations were significant. The spatial distribution pattern of feed grain supply reveals that the northern coastal areas were mostly 'low-low' aggregation zones, while the northeast, southeast coastal, and southwest regions were mostly 'high-high' aggregation zones. The Theil index and structural reasons analysis indicated a clear positive spatial spillover effect in feed grain supply, with intra-group differences being a key factor in regional disparities. The spatial Durbin model results demonstrate that the land productivity, transportation level, grain production machinery input, and feed grain processing level are crucial influencing factors for the feed grain supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the pathogenicity of Citrobacter freundii in mice and the preventive effect of oregano and cinnamon essential oils on the resistance of mice to Citrobacter freundii infection. For pathogenicity test, 30 mice were randomly divided into five groups. The mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL normal saline. Mice in 1/2 times dose group, 1 times dose group, 2 times dose group and 4 times dose group were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 x 109, 5.0 x 109, 1.0 x 1010, 2.0 x 1010 CFU/mL of Citrobacter freundii bacterial solution (100 µL/g body weight). In the prevention test, mice were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the oregano essential oils group, the cinnamon essential oils group and the combination essential oils group (oregano and cinnamon essential oil combination), mice were injected intraperitoneally with Citrobacter freundii after 7 d of oral administration of essential oils, and the bacterial load, the levels of jejunal inflammatory cytokines and the pathological changes in the jejunum were observed. The results showed that mice infected with Citrobacter freundii showed clinical signs such as eye congestion and then convulsions and died. Essential oils prophylaxis improved the survival rate of mice, reduced the levels of organ carriage and inflammatory cytokines, and increased the number of intestinal villi and thickened the intestinal wall. The experiment indicates that Citrobacter freundii is highly pathogenic to mice. Essential oils prophylaxis can strengthen the intestinal barrier of mice, prevent the colonization of the liver and spleen of mice infected by Citrobacter freundii, reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum of mice, and thus improve the survival rate of mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical phenotypes, genetic characteristics, and pathological features of children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on epidemiological, clinical phenotype, chromosomal karyotype, gonadal pathology, and genotype data of 165 hospitalized children with DSD at Children's Hospital of Hebei Province and Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2008 to December 2022. Results Among the 165 children with DSD, common presenting symptoms were short stature (62/165, 37.6%), clitoromegaly (33/165, 20.0%), cryptorchidism (28/165, 17.0%), hypospadias (24/165, 14.5%), and skin pigmentation abnormalities/exteriorized pigmented labia majora (19/165, 11.5%). Chromosomal karyotype analysis was performed on 127 cases, revealing 36 cases (28.3%) of 46, XX DSD, 34 cases (26.8%) of 46, XY DSD, and 57 cases (44.9%) of sex chromosome abnormalities. Among the sex chromosome abnormal karyotypes, the 45, X karyotype (11/57, 19%) and 45, X/other karyotype mosaicism (36/57, 63%) were more common. Sixteen children underwent histopathological biopsy of gonadal tissues, resulting in retrieval of 25 gonadal tissues. The gonadal tissue biopsies revealed 3 cases of testes, 3 cases of dysplastic testes, 6 cases of ovaries, 11 cases of ovotestes, and 1 case each of streak gonad and agenesis of gonads. Genetic testing identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 23 cases (23/36, 64%), including 12 cases of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by CYP21A2 pathogenic variants. Conclusions Short stature, clitoromegaly, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and skin pigmentation abnormalities arc common phenotypes in children with DSD. 45, X/other karyotype mosaicism and CYP21A2 compound heterozygous variants are major etiological factors in children with DSD. The most commonly observed gonadal histopathology in children with DSD includes ovotestes, ovaries, and testes/dysgenetic testes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Triassic Baikouquan Formation in the the Junggar Basin has huge oil and gas exploration potential, but the reservoir sand body has poor physical properties and strong heterogeneity. The reason for the formation of high-quality reservoirs is not yet clear, and the understanding of diagenetic characteristics is vague, which limits the exploration and development of oil and gas in this area. Based on the core observation, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy and physical property analysis, the diagenesis and pore evolution of the reservoir from the Baikouquan Formation are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the rock type of the Baikouquan Formation in the study area is mainly sandy conglomerate, and the reservoir can be divided into reservoir supported by sand and gravel and supported only by sand. The overall reservoir space is mainly composed of primary intergranular pores with poor physical property, belonging to the low porosity and low permeability type. The diagenetic stage of the reservoir is the middle diagenetic stage B. Based on quantitative analysis, it was found that compaction and cementation have a significant impact on the physical properties of the reservoir. The pore increasing ability of dissolution is controlled by the type of rock support, and has a significant impact on the pore increasing of reservoir rocks supported by sand and gravel, while it has a relatively poor impact on the pore increasing of reservoir rocks supported by sandy particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the utilization situation and influencing factors of community home medical care combined service, so as to provide scientific basis for achieving accurate service and improving the quality of medical care combined service. Methods From September to November 2021, stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among the elderly in 8 community home care institutions in Suzhou, Guangzhou and Qingdao. Chi-square test was used for single factor analysis, and Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) model was used to analyze the influencing factors of service utilization. Results A total of 1 310 valid questionnaires were collected, including 218 in Guangzhou, 334 in Suzhou and 758 in Qingdao. The prediction accuracy of medical service, health management service and life care service were 82.4%, 81.0% and 81.7%, respectively. CHAID model analysis showed that indoor voluntary participation, region, main economic source and number of children were influencing factors of medical service utilization (P < 0. 05). The region, social autonomous participation, main economic source and number of chronic diseases were the factors affecting the utilization of health management services (P < 0. 01). Social autonomous participation and age were the factors influencing the utilization of life care services (P <0. 001). Conclusion The utilization of medical services, health management services and life care services still need to be improved, differentiated services should be provided for the elderly with different characteristics, and the quality of combined medical and nursing services should be effectively improved to meet the needs of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Shot put throwing techniques are divided into spinning and sliding, and must have certain physical qualities such as speed, explosive power, and coordination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation intervention training on shot put throwing performance and to explore the shot put throwing technique and kinematic differences at each movement stage. Methods: Fifteen male college students who had not received electrical stimulation previously were the research participants. Two high-speed cameras were used to obtain synchronous images of shot put throwing actions of the participants before and after electrotherapy. Three-dimensional kinematic image analysis was performed using the Kwon 3D motion analysis system. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test differences in shot put parameters at each action stage before and after electrotherapy. Results: Throwing distance was longer (p < .01) and throwing speed was faster (p < .01) after electrotherapy than before electrotherapy. The ankle joint angle with the lowest center of gravity (p < .05), ankle joint angle of the left foot off the ground (p < .01), and ankle joint angle of the right foot was off the ground (p < .05) were greater after electrotherapy than before electrotherapy. The shoulder-hip separation angle in the throwing stage was smaller (p < .05), shoulder-hip separation angle in the turning stage was larger (p < .05), and left ankle joint angle in the turning stage was smaller (p < .05) after electrotherapy than before electrotherapy. Conclusion: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has an impact on shot put throwing. Appropriate electrical stimulation can enhance muscle activation, increase muscle contraction force, and improve athletic ability and shot put throwing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To investigate the mitochondrial genome of Microconema clavata (Meconematinae, Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera), and thereby enhance the Meconematinae's mitochondrial genome database to facilitate mitochondrial genome comparisons and phylogenetic research on this group. [Methods] We measured, assembled, annotated and analyzed, the mitochondrial genome of M. clavate, in order to determine the phylogenetic relationships of this species within the Meconematinae. We used next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the genome of M. clavate, assembled the complete mitochondrial genome sequence, then annotated and analyzed it in detail. The mitochondrial genome sequences of 12 species of the Meconematinae, including M. clavate, were selected to construct a phylogenetic tree based on differences in 13 protein coding genes and two rRNA genes. [Results] The total length of the mitochondrial genome sequence of M. clavate was 15 618 bp, which contained 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and one control region. The genes were arranged compactly and had the same sequence as ancestral species. The A+T of the mitochondrial genome of M. clavate accounted for 70.7% of the total bases, and there was an obvious AT bias. With the exception of ND1 which began with TTG, the remainder of the 13 protein coding genes began with ATN. All genes have TAG or TAA as the termination signal, except COX1, ND5 and ND4, which have an incomplete termination codon T. All other tRNAs have a typical clover structure except tRNASer(AGN). [Conclusion] The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of M. clavate was obtained. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree indicates that M. clavata is most closely related to Xiphidiopsis gurneyi, Xizicus maculatus and Xizicus fascipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve yield, effects of nano-potassium molybdate was investigated on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of rapeseed. Different concentrations (0-1100 mg·L-1) of nano-potassium molybdate were sprayed on rapeseed seedling under hydroponic conditions. Changes of gas exchange parameters, key enzyme activities of carbon and N assimilation and N contents of leaves were measured. Results showed that spray of nano-potassium molybdate increased photosynthetic pigment and net photosynthetic rate of leaves, while decreased gas exchange parameters (including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration). The activities of Rubisco and PEPC enzyme increased gradually with the nano-molybdate concentration, in which Rubisco enzyme activity was significantly enhanced at 550 mg·L-1 and 1100 mg·L-1 compared to control, and PEPC enzyme activities increased significantly at 1100 mg·L-1. The activities of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamate synthase were significantly increased at 550 mg·L-1 compared with control. No significant change was observed at higher concentrations. Nitrate-N contents were significantly reduced after the spray of nano-potassium molybdate, while ammonia-N contents and N concentrations were not significantly changed compared with control. In addition, protein content increased significantly at 550 mg·L-1. In summary, 550 mg·L-1 nano-potassium molybdate spray enhanced carbon assimilation efficiency of rapeseed, while N assimilation efficiency was also significantly increased. The promotion of photosynthesis in rapeseed by nano-potassium molybdate was mainly related to nonstomatal factors: increased photosynthetic pigment contents and enhanced activities of key enzymes for photosynthesis. It could promote the conversion of inorganic to organic N in rape leaves by enhancing the activities of key enzymes of N metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of granite after treatment under different heating rates. The cracked straight-through Brazilian disc(CSTBD)specimen was used for high-temperature treatment with four heating rates under four sets of heating temperatures. The Brazilian splitting experiments were carried out using electro-hydraulic servo press after cooling down to room temperature, and the static fracture process was analyzed to investigate the effect of heating rate on the fracture mechanical properties of specimens. The results show that: (1) Granite treated at different high temperatures shifted from brittle to ductile damage. (2)The peak damage load of granite treated with different heating rates at the same temperature decreased with the increase of heating rate. At the same temperature, the increase of heating rate doesn't lead to obvious difference in the apparent color of granite, but with gradual increase of apparent cracks. (3)At different heating rates, the longitudinal wave velocity and elastic modulus at 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ show subtle changes, yet at 600 ℃ and above, the longitudinal wave velocity and elastic modulus decrease significantly with the increase of heating rate. (4) The fracture toughness of granite shows gradual decay with the increase of temperature. At the same temperature, type I fracture toughness of granite specimens decreases with the increase of heating rate. At 400 ℃, heating rate exerts maximum influence on the fracture toughness of granite.

In order to maintain the stability of the transmitter to ensure the quality of the output signal, we propose a novel technique of automatic bias control based on the pilot signal that can be used in high-order modulation formats. The proposed scheme requires fading a pair of orthogonal plot signals to the modulator and tapping the frequency-shifted local oscillation right with the signal light output from the modulator to achieve coherent detection. The control of the baas voltage is achieved by means of correlation operation and monitoring the value of the correlation coefficient. This scheme combines coherent detection and correlation detection techniques, which can effectively improve the sensitivity and control accuracy of the system. The feasibility of this scheme in high-order modulation systems and the improvement of sensitivity are also fully vetted by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is close relationship between fertilizer managements and net carbon (C) sink effect, economic benefits in rice paddy ecosystem. Based on a long-term (35-year) field experiment, we analyzed the effects of different fertilization patterns on soil C sequestration rate, C density of topsoil, annual C balance, and economic benefits in the double cropping rice paddy in southern China. There were four fertilization treatments, chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). The results showed that soil C pool in the double cropping rice paddy field under different fertilization treatments changed from 216.02 to 866.74 kg ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1, and soil C pool under OM treatment were significantly higher than that of MF, RF and CK. The soil C sequestration rates in the double cropping rice paddy field under different fertilization treatments ranged from 51.5 to 650.7 kg ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1, and that of C density of topsoil was from 55.64 to 78.42 t ⋅ hm-2. The order of soil C sequestration rates and C density of topsoil was OM>RF>MF>CK. The change range of C adsorption in the double cropping rice paddy field ecosystem was from 4.42 to 9.32 t C ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1, with an order of OM>RF>MF>CK. Compared with the MF treatment, soil net C sink under OM and RF treatments increased by 27.6% and 13.6%, respectively. The change range of C cost material input ranged from 1.49 to 2.17 t C ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1, and that of annual economic benefits was from 1.30x10³ to 7.83x10³ yuan ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1 with an order of RF>OM>MF>CK. The net income of economic benefits of OM, RF and MF treatments were significantly higher than that of CK. Generally, soil C sequestration rate, C sink effect and annual economic benefits were increased by the long-term application of organic manure and rice straw returning together with chemical fertilizer, which could increase soil organic carbon storage in the double cropping rice paddy field of southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemophilia is an X chromosome-linked bleeding disorder disease caused by a lack of coagulation factor. Hemophilia patients suffer from spontaneous bleedings that may occur in different organs and tissues. Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) is the primary etiology leading to disability in hemophilia patients which is caused by the recurrent bleeding in the joints. Over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been putatively recognized as one of the mechanisms. In the progression of HA, pro-inflammatory cytokines serve as signaling mediators, among which TNFα is one of the most important. As a receptor of TNFα, sTNFR (soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor) specifically binds to TNFα and antagonizes its pro-inflammtory effect. To investigate the therapeutic effect of local long-term TNFα expression on HA, hemophilia B mice were intra-articularly injected with rAAV5-TNFR:Fc. In the present study, plasmid pAAV-TNFR:Fc was constructed and used for the package of rAAV5-TNFR:Fc. Transgene expression mediated by infection in vitro and in vivo were confirmed by western blot. Then hemophilia B mice divided into prophylaxis group and treatment group were intraarticularly injected with rAAV5-TNFR:Fc, and 6 weeks after HA was induced, joint tissues were collected for RNA extract to measure the mRNA expression level of TNFαIL-1βIL-6 and IL-10. The pathology changes of joints were also graded by histology and the scorings of synovitis arthritis, macrophage infiltration and neovascularization were obtained. The results suggested that, 42 d after joints hemarthrosis induction, sTNFR expression in joints persisted. The pathological sequela in two groups were reduced to different degrees after rAAV5-TNFR:Fc local delivery and delivery as a prophylaxis showed better outcome than as a treatment. It was concluded that recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor could be a therapeutic approach for HA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting appropriate reservoir volume is a necessary premise to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system. In order to provide a reference for the reasonable calculation of the self-pressurized hydraulic reservoir volume of civil aircraft,based on the general design requirements of SAE AS5586 aircraft hydraulic system reservoir,the calculation methods for variable volume produced by actuator,hydraulic accumulator and physical properties of oil are introduced and analyzed in this paper. A set of step by step reservoir volume calculation methods are proposed to get the design value of the reservoir. Taking an aircraft hydraulic reservoir volume calculation as an example,the calculation method of each variable volume in the system is deduced. The results show that the reservoir of the hydraulic system of this type of aircraft can meet the requirements in each flight phase.

This paper investigates vernacular community, considers vernacular architecture as the product of spontaneous collective construction activities of the community members, and studies the community's subjective cognition of construction practices. Through fieldwork in Naxi area, it sorts out practice options in each step of the construction process of vernacular dwellings, according to which a questionnaire is designed in the form of graphical expression. Through random sampling, it then conducts a survey on the construction preferences of the community members in a typical Naxi village. The statistical analysis of the results shows that while community members generally prefer the more decorative architectural forms, they pay more attention to natural materials and ethnic identity represented in their dwellings. This paper is an attempt to apply social survey methods to the studies of vernacular architecture. Through quantitative research, it verifies and supplements the previous qualitative research, and provides data support for the practice in Naxi rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]