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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of preoperative therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE) in preventing acute rejection after ABO incompatible kidney transplantation(ABOi-KT). Methods Nine patients with ABOi-KT who were admitted to the renal transplant department of our hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. They received a total of 28 TPEs before kidney transplantation, and the treatment plan was summarized as follows: The proportion of the substitute fluid, as well as the frequency and volume of TPE were determined based on the patient′s ABO blood group system antibody titer, gender, height, weight, hematocrit and other indicators upon admission. The patient′s relevant laboratory indicators, including hemoglobin, platelets, leukocytes, coagulation function, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G, creatinine and urea nitrogen upon admission and after TPE were monitored and statistically analyzed. After transplantation, changes in renal function indicators such as ABO blood group system antibody titers, creatinine and urinary excretion were observed, and clinical symptoms of acute rejection, such as swelling, pain and edema in the transplanted kidney area were observed. Results Nine ABOi-KT patients had an average of about 3 TPEs before transplantation surgery, with an average total volume of approximately 2 500 mL to 3 500 mL per TPE, or approximately about 1.01 to 1.16 plasma volume (PV). After multiple TPEs, pre-transplantation antibody titers decreased by an average of 3 times compared to before TPE. There were no statistically significant differences in Hb, PLT, PT, PTA, INR, TBil, ALB, Cr and BUN (P>0.05), while statistically significant differences were found in WBC, APTT, Fbg, TP, GLB and A/G (P

Objective To establish a blood transfusion adverse event management system and apply it to adverse events management, so as to enhance the ability to identify and process reports as well as prevent adverse events. Methods According to the errors during the whole process of blood transfusion, the management information system of blood transfusion adverse events was established, and the data of adverse transfusion reactions and adverse transfusion events from 2020 to 2022 were collected according to the system requirements. The system monitoring data and statistical analysis were used to analyze the causes of errors in each link of blood transfusion, sort the incidence of each department, focus on supervising the departments with high frequency of adverse events, and propose effective rectification. Results The management system counted 51 cases of adverse reactions. The incidence of adverse reactions of plasma (43.1 %, 22/51) was higher than that of red blood cells (39.2 %, 20/51), and the number of allergic reactions was slightly higher than that of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. Among the 628 cases of adverse transfusion events, blood transport, inbound and storage (TS-A) errors accounted for the highest proportion of 46.2% (290/628), 20.9% (131/628) in post-transfusion disposal and evaluation (TS-G) and 15.8% (99/628) in pre-transfusion evaluation and transfusion application (TS-B). TS-A12 accounted for 63.8 % (185/290) in TS-A errors, which was mainly due to plasma leakage caused by extrusion during transport and the expiration of red blood cells caused by insufficient blood inventory management. TS-B errors mainly focus on the failure to fully assess the bleeding tendency of patients before surgical system surgery, resulting in no or insufficient preoperative blood preparation. Most of the TS-G errors were unqualified medical record. Conclusion Blood transfusion adverse event management system can help to identify and prevent the occurrence or recurrence of adverse events, formulate targeted rectification and preventive measures, and improve the haemovigilance ability.

Objective To establish a dry fluorescent luminescence method for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and evaluate its clinical application. Methods Anti-HCV antibody was detected by double-antigen sandwich dry fluorescent luminescence method established using multi-epitope chimeric antigen. The established method was used to detect national reference samples(positive 20, negative 20), and a total of 349 clinical samples, including 108 HCV patients, 36 patients with other diseases and 205 healthy individuals, which were tested in parallel with enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to evaluate the performance of the established method. Results The concordance rate of positive and negative(each 20) reference samples were both 100% (20/20), and the CV of precision reference sample was 9.16%, which met the requirements of national reference samples. In clinical performance evaluation, the AUC value was 0.984, and the sensitivity and specificity of the dry fluorescent luminescence method were 96.30% (104/108) and 96.27% (233/241). The overall concordance rate between dry fluorescent luminescence method and ELISA was 97.71% (341/349) (Kappa=0.952). Conclusion The dry fluorescence luminescence method of HCV antibody is simple and rapid, with high sensitivity and high specificity, and can be used in clinical application.

Background and objective Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is a tool that can accurately navigation peripheral lung lesions. Because of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is too expensive, it has not been widely used in China. It is urgent for us to summarize experience in clinical application, especially in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Methods The clinical data of patients with pulmonary peripheral lesions (PPLs) in our department undergoing ENB biopsy between July 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 18 patients with 21 PPLs (10 males and 8 females). Among them, 11 patients got the final pathological diagnosis, 8 cases were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma lung cancer, 1 case was diagnosed with tuberculosis and 2 cases were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. The positive rate of diagnosis was 61.1%. The sensitivity was 73.3%. The positive diagnosis rate is related to the size of the lesion, the positive diagnosis rate for lesions >2 cm is 100.0% (P=0.04). Conclusion Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope is safe and effective in clinic. It has a high positive rate for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions larger than 2 cm, ENB has broad clinical application prospects.

Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4’-hydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound primarily found in blueberries, grapes, and a tree wood, pterocarpus marsupium. Studies demonstrate that pterostilbene inhibits a variety of cancers, such as lung, breast, stomach, colon, etc. The anti-cancer activities are related to the regulation of several hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, pterostilbene exhibits much greater bioavailability and bioactivity than resveratrol which warrants further investigation in the anti-cancer functions and mechanisms.

Focusing on the demand of building the new smart city,the basic theoretical research on the comprehensive sensing system of cities has been described.Firstly,the system architecture of the comprehensive sensing system was proposed respectively.Then,the data system of the comprehensive sensing system was presented.Finally,the technology system of the comprehensive sensing system was given.The important theoretical support could be provided by the proposed solution for the new smart city construction.

Chest wall defect may be caused by many factors such as the resection of tumor and trauma, and the reconstruction of bone-defection is still the key point of thoracic surgery. With the development of material science, more and more new materials have been used in medical practice, which makes huge progress in the surgery of chest wall. However, none of these materials satisfy all the practical needs of the reconstruction. Recently, with the development of the capacity of computer, 3D-printing technology has been gradually used in clinical work, and the idea of individual treatment has been accepted by more and more people. The weakness of these materials may be solved by the new material and the application of individual treatment, which could also make great advance in chest wall surgery. This article will make a summary of the research on the reconstruction of chest wall.

Today, with the rapid development of network information technology, the micro-lecture plays a role in the teaching activities is becoming more and more important. The short and efficient teaching content of micro-lecture can be downloaded rapidly, expediently, and repeatedly, which improve the learning efficiency and independent learning capability. The clinical training of thoracic surgery elementarily remains at the scrabble stage. We require continuous reform and introduce new modes of teaching, which compatible with the development of society and the study habits of novice, to enhance the effectiveness of clinical training. In this paper, the concept, characteristic and advantage of micro-lecture was discussed, and the feasibility of application of micro-lecture in thoracic surgery teaching was also discussed. Our aim was to promote the application of micro-lecture in the clinical training of thoracic surgery reasonable and extensive.

Background and objective In recent years, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly utilized as a non-surgical treatment option for patients with primary and metastatic lung tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of RFA among patients with pulmonary neoplasms. Methods Patients with lung tumors treated with RFA from October 1999 to July 2006 in this hospital were enrolled into the study. A total of 329 cases, 237 primary lung tumors and 92 metastatic tumors, were retrospectively analyzed and evaluated for complications, local progression, and overall survival after one, two, and five years after RFA. Results The complications of RFA with surgery included 63 (19.1%) patients with pneumothorax, 14 (4.2%) with hemoptysis (one death), 10 (3.0%) with hemothorax, 15 (4.5%) with pneumonia, and three (0.9%) with pericardial tamponade (one death). The mortality within 30 days was 0.6%. Needle tract tumors were observed in 6 patients (1.8%). The median time for progression was 21.6 months. The overall survival rates at one, two, and five years after RFA were 68.2%, 35.3% and 20.1%, respectively. Up to 78 (23.7%) patients with tumors that exceed 4 cm developed local progression, and a significant difference was found. No significant difference was found among patients with tumors less than 3 cm and among those with 3 cm-4 cm tumors. Conclusion RFA is a well-tolerated, reliable, and safe method for the treatment of lung malignancies.

Background and objective The expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is correlated with Ras homologue C (RhoC) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that they have interactions. The aim of this study is to investigate the functions of PRL-3 and RhoC in the migration of A549 cell and the potential mechanism of PRL-3 and RhoC in carcinogenesis and cancer development. Methods PRL-3Ab and RhoCAb were used to block the functions of PRL-3 and RhoC respectively. Wound healing assay was applied to detect the migration of A549 cell and the expression levels of PRL-3 and RhoC were detected by RT-PCR. Results The migration of A549 cell decreased after blockage of PRL-3 and RhoC. The expression of RhoC decreased when PRL-3 was blocked without any changes on the expression of PRL-3. Conclusion PRL-3, RhoC could increase cell migration in A549 cells.

Background and objective Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a newly identified proteintyrosine phosphatase, which belongs to phosphatase of regenerating liver family, and plays a role in promoting tumor metastasis; Ras homologue C (RhoC) belongs to Rho subfamily of small-molecule G protein superfamily. However, the mechanisms of PRL-3 and RhoC are unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the expressions of PRL-3 and RhoC proteins and their correlation to invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which may provide experiment evidence of the mechanism of PRL-3 in tumorigenesis and tumor-development. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of PRL-3 and RhoC in NSCLC in 92 cases, and statistical methods were used to analyse statistical significances of their expressions in different groups and their correlation. Results The positive rates of PRL-3 and RhoC expressions in NSCLC were 69.6% (64/92) and 73.9% (68/92), respectively, and the expressions of PRL-3 and RhoC were closely correlated with TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis and pleural metastasis (P

Background and objective As a barrier to metastases, cells normally undergo apoptosis after they lose contact with their extra cellular matrix (ECM). This process has been termed “anoikis”. Tumour cells that acquire malignant potential have developed mechanisms to resist anoikis and thereby survive after detachment from their primary site while traveling through the lymphatic and circulatory systems. This “anoikis resistance” is considered the first step to tumor metastases. The aim of this study was to screen metastasis-associated genes from anoikis resistant and adherent growth A549 lung cancer cell by Human Genome Array. Methods Establish anoikis resistant A549 lung cancer cell lines by using poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate resin processed petri dishes, which causes cell free from adherent. The different expressed gene between anoikis resistant A549 cell and adherent growth A549 cell was tested using human V2.0 whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray, a product of Capitalbio Corporation, Beijing. Screen metastasis-associated genes. Results 745 different expressed genes were screened, including 63 highly metastasis-associated genes. Conclusion The successfully established anoikis resistant A549 cell lines and screened different expressed genes provide us basis for further research on metastasis of lung cancer.

Background and objective NOK (Novel Oncogene with Kinase-domain) is a newly identified receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RPTKs) subfamily, which possesses strong oncogenic potential including enhancing cell transformation, tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. However, NOK protein lacks extracellular domain, and how the NOK is activated by the membrane receptor and the expression of NOK in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not clear. Our aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of NOK, EGFR proteins in NSCLC. Methods The expression rates of NOK, EGFR proteins in 155 cases with NSCLC was deteced by immunohistochemical stain; The clinical correlations between two proteins were analyzed by statistics. Results The NOK positive expression was mainly located in cytoplasm and EGFR was mainly located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. NOK, EGFR proteins were high expressed in NSCLC and there were extremely differences comparing the expression of NOK, EGFR proteins in squamous cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma with those in corresponding normal tissue respectively (P < 0.001); and there were no significant differences between the two kinds of the cancers for their comparison of NOK, EGFR expression (P=0.099; P=0.23); however, there were significant differences for NOK and EGFR expression among histological grades and TNM stages in squamous cell lung cancers, lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). There were correlation between positive and intensity of NOK and EGFR expression in whatever total NSCLC or squamous cell lung cancer or lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), while the correlation coefficients(rs) were 0742, 0.722, 0.756 respectively. Conclusion The NOK proteins are highly expressed in the NSCLC, and the expression rates of NOK proteins are correlated with the cancers’ histological grades and TNM stages, which may be concern with tumorgenesis and progression; the positive expression rate and intensity of NOK protein correlate well with the expression of EGFR protein in NSCLC, which the activation of NOK probably owe to EGFR activation, all that would provide evidence for further study on the effective mechanism of NOK in the tumorigenesis or tumor progression.

Background and objective Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main reason of the failure of chemotherapy in lung cancer. The MDR mechanism in lung cancer is complex, which relates to sorts of drug resistant genes. ABCC10 is a recently identified member of a subset of the C family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The drug resistance capability of ABCC10 has been partly determined. The aim of the study is to investigate the expression of ABCC10 in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal tissues, and analyze the relationship between ABCC10 expression level and clinical features, such as TNM stages, histological types and pathological grades. Methods The expression of ABCC10 was detected in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues by immunohistochemistry. Then the statistical analysis was performed. Results The expression of ABCC10 was mainly located in cell membrane and cytoplasm. There were significant differences between the expression of ABCC10 in NSCLC and normal tissues (P

Background and objective It has been proven that the multiple drug resistance is main reason for failure of chemotherapy in lung cancers and ABC transporter play a main role for chemoresistance in mediating drug efflux. So searching for new drug resistant protein of the ABC family and elucidating its resistant mechanism is very important. ABCG4 is one of ABC family and is expected to be candidate drug resistant protein; and the drug resistance probably correlated with pH value around cancer cell, while, V-ATPase play key role in modulating the pH. So our aim is to investigate the expressions of ABCG4, V-ATPase proteins in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and analyze relationship of ABCG4, V-ATPase protein expressional rate in these cancers with the cancers' pathological grade and TNM stages. Methods To detect the expression rates of ABCG4, V-ATPase protein in NSCLC with immunohistochemical method and immuno- fluorescent method, and to observe the location, the collocation of the proteins under light microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope; the differences of the protein expression and their correlations wereanalyzed by statistics. Results ABCG4 protein was high expressed in squamous cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma respectively, and between the two kinds of the cancers there was a significant difference (P =0.001) for their comparison;there were significant differences between pathological grade ⅡandⅡ-Ⅲ of squamous cell lung cancer, between different differentiated lung adenocarcinoma. V-ATPase protein were also high expressed in these two kinds of cancers, and there was significant difference for their comparison; there were significant differences between pathological grade ⅡandⅡ-Ⅲ of squamous cell lung cancer, between different differentiated lung adenocarcinoma; there were no significantdifferences among the squamous cell lung cancer and lung adenocarcinoma for TNM stages respectively. The P values of correlationship test of positive intensity between ABCG4 and V-ATPase expression in the total squamous cell lung cancer and lung adenocarcinoma, in the pathological grade Ⅱand Ⅱ-Ⅲ of the squamous cell lung cancer, in the moderately differentiated lung adenocarcinoma were all 0.000, while the correlation coefficients were 0.771, 0.765, 0.714, 0.777, 0.865 respectively; however, the P values of correlationship test of between ABCG4 and V-ATPase expression in the low differentiated lung adenocarcinoma was 0.048, and the correlation coefficient was 0.35. The ABCG4 and V-ATPase positive expression was mainly located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and there was collocation among the ABCG4 and V-ATPase proteins. Conclusion The ABCG4 and V-ATPase proteins are highly expressed in the NSCLC,and the expression rates of ABCG4, V-ATPase proteins are correlated with the cancers' pathological grades and TNM stage; and there are all having correlationship between ABCG4 and V-ATPase proteins in the squamous cell lung cancer,in the lung adenocarcinoma, in all their pathological grades.

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With the continuous development of modified starch, people's demand for the functional characteristics, safety, and convenience of modified starch has increased significantly. Pre-gelatinized starch (PGS) is a type of starch modified by physical methods, which is a modified starch particle without obvious crystallization obtained by rapid dehydration and drying after starch gelatinization. PGS has a porous and hydrogen-bonded fracture structure, which has the advantages of good cold water solubility, strong water retention ability and high viscoelasticity. Cold water can be mixed into paste during application, eliminating the step of heating and gelatinization. Therefore, as a biodegradable raw material with excellent performance, PGS has important application value in the fields of flour products, low-temperature meat products, condiments and other leisure starch-based foods. This paper briefly introduces the definition, preparation methods, properties, and influencing factors of PGS performance, focuses on the current application status of PGS in starch-based foods, and points out the future research direction of PGS in the field of food, aiming to provide some references for promoting the application of PGS in the food industry.

Starch provides essential calories for the body's vital activities, but it usually has a high glycemic index. The digestion of starch tends to lead to a steep increase in blood sugar levels, insulin resistance and health risk. The digestibility of starch is related to its multi-scale structure. The regulations of starch digestibility can be achieved by altering its multi-scale structure through the modifications. However, the physical modification has received more and more attention due to its safety, simplicity and environmental friendliness. Based on this, the digestibility of starch is outlined. The relationship between the multi-scale structure and digestive properties of starch is analyzed. The digestive properties of starch regulated by physical modifications, such as hydrothermal treatment, microwave, extrusion, high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic, cold plasma and physical encapsulation are reviewed. The future research directions on starch digestibility are also provided.

Metal Nanoclusters (MNCs) have shown great potential applications in the field of food safety due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Through the template synthesis method, the specific size, shape and dispersion of MNCs can be regulated, thereby improving their functional characteristics. Based on the recent studies on MNCs, the mechanism of template-assisted synthesis of MNCs and their applications in the detection of food contaminants, food packaging materials, antimicrobial agents and food additives are reviewed. It provides a scientific basis for template synthesis of MNCs, and to provide insights and directions for MNCs in food safety monitoring.

In order to investigate the effects of different degrees of substitution (DS) on physicochemical properties of rice starch malate and on the quality of noodles, rice starch malate with different degrees of substitution (DS=0~0.603) was prepared. The solubility, swelling, gelatinization and rheological properties of rice starch malate were investigated, as well as its improvement effect on the cooking characteristics, texture characteristics and sensory characteristics of noodles. The results indicated that a new absorption peak appeared at a spectral wavenumber of approximately 1720 cm−1 on the infrared spectrum curve of malic acid starch esters. After esterification, the solubility of starch significantly increased (P

Cereal foods are the primary source of daily energy, protein, and dietary fiber intake for humans. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, cereal foods' nutritional value, safety, and food quality have attracted much attention. Cereal metabonomics, as a new and rapidly developing branch of "metabonomics", has made rapid progress in quantifying and analyzing various metabolites. This article reviews the analysis process of metabolomics technology, and its application in the detection of component identification, the identification of flavor substances, the traceability of origin, and the product of new developments in cereal foods, and the development trend of metabonomics in cereal food field has prospected, to provide a reference for the in-depth development and application of cereal foods.

In this study, some loading experiments were conducted on coal specimens using the established weak current testing system to investigate the effects of weak currents in coals. The response characteristics of weak currents during the coal deformation process were analyzed, and a quantitative relationship between weak currents and the mechanical behaviors of coal was established. The principles for predicting coal and rock dynamic disasters based on the weak current method were proposed. Furthermore, drawing upon the results obtained from on-site practical applications, a forward-looking assessment of the potential applications of this methodology is presented. The results indicate that the deformation of loaded coal generates weak currents. The fluctuations in these weak currents exhibit a notable alignment with variations in stress, with the magnitude closely tied to the coal mechanical characteristics like stress, strain, and strain rate. Notably, in the compaction and plastic deformation stages, the weak current rises in tandem with the strain rate, while in the elastic deformation stage, the weak current exhibits a linear increase in correlation with stress and strain. Under perturbation loading, the coal produces some periodic weak currents, referred to as the pulsating direct current (PDC). And the variations in the PDC align with stress changes. Furthermore, the weak current demonstrates a reliable precursor response to coal damage, with some unusual fluctuations observed during the accelerated increase process (plastic deformation stage) serving as the precursor indicators for the progressive failure of coal. Conversely, the pulse-like fluctuations observed during the attenuation process can be regarded as the precursor features for the coal's creep failure. The phenomenon of weak currents in stressed coal serves as a pivotal foundation for conducting weak current measurements in mines. The intimate correlation between weak currents and the mechanical behaviors of coal underscores a crucial prerequisite for employing the weak current technology in monitoring stress within coal and rock formations. Furthermore, the discernible precursor response of weak currents to coal damage provides a vital assurance for predicting coal and rock dynamic disasters through the utilization of weak current technology. The weak current technology possesses some advantages such as high responsiveness, clear precursor signals, and robust anti-interference capabilities. These attributes make it highly promising for some applications in the stress monitoring within coal/rock mass and the early warning for coal and rock dynamic disasters. In the future, some further researches on the fundamental theory and applied technology of weak current in stressed coal and rock are needed to provide a support for the development of precise spatiotemporal monitoring and early warning of coal rock dynamic disasters using the weak current methods.

Objective: In this work, the optimal preparation process parameters of selenium-curcumin nanoparticles (SeNPs@Cur) were explored and its protective effect on alcoholic liver injury was evaluated. Methods: On the basis of single factor experiment, with particle size as the index, curcumin dosage, molar ratio of VC to Na2SeO3, reaction time and reaction temperature were selected as influence factors. The process parameters of SeNPs@Cur were optimized by response surface methodology, and its structure was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The protective effect of SeNPs@Cur on ethanol-induced LO2 cell injury was investigated by MTT method. Results: The optimal conditions of SeNPs@Cur were list as follows: Curcumin dosage of 5.92 mg/mL, molar ratio of VC to Na2SeO3 of 10.39:1, the reaction time of 1.98 h, and the reaction temperature of 34.00 ℃. Under these conditions, the SeNPs@Cur with a minimum size of (100.79±3.46) nm was obtained. The loading rate of curcumin and the selenium content in the sample were 12.80%±0.80% and 23.32%±0.07%, respectively. Further structural identification showed that the prepared SeNPs@Cur was dispersed spherical nanoparticles. Moreover, compared with the model group, after treatments with different dosages of SeNPs@Cur, the cell viabilities increased from 58.06%±0.43% to 71.43%±1.39%, 77.33%±3.54%, and 85.41%±4.61%, respectively, indicating that SeNPs@Cur had a protective effect on LO2 cells damaged by ethanol in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: The SeNPs@Cur with anti-alcoholic liver injury effect was successfully obtained, which provided new technical means and theoretical reference data for formulation improvement and application of curcumin.

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against Streptococcus pneumonia (Spn)-associated respiratory tract infection in children with a test-negative design study. MethodsWe recruited totally 3 339 children at ages of 2 – 9 years hospitalized due to acute respiratory illness (ARI) and being detected for Spn isolates in sputum/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during 2017 – 2020 at the Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital for a test-negative case-control design study. The collected Spn isolates were serotyped with Quellung test. Of the all the participants, 1 264 being positive for PPV23 serotype Spn (VT-Spn) in sputum/BALF specimens were assigned into a case group; the two control groups were 485 being positive for non-PPV23 serotype (NVT-Spn) and 1 590 being negative for Spn (Spn –). The participants′ information on PPV23 vaccination were collected from the Vaccination Registry Database of Suzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The adjusted odds ratio of PPV23 vaccination was calculated with logistic regression model to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PPV23 against Spn-associated ARI. ResultsAmong the 1 749 Spn strains isolated, the most common serotypes were 19F, 6B, 23F, 6A and 19A; 76.56% and 72.27% were positive for 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype and PPV23 serotype, respectively. For the participants of VT-Spn, NVT-Spn and Spn – group, the mean age were 3.88 ± 1.27, 4.02 ± 1.43, and 4.52 ± 1.92 years; the vaccination rate of PPV23 were 5.4%, 6.8%, and 5.8%, respectively; and the mean age at the vaccination was 2.53 ± 0.61 years for all the participants vaccinated., When using the NVT-Spn group as the control and after adjusting for age, clinical diagnosis, and other vaccination status, the logistic regression analysis revealed an overall PPV23 effectiveness of 18.3% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: – 26.3% – 47.1%) for against Spn-associated ARI, an effectiveness of 15.7% for against community acquired pneumonia, and the effectiveness of 32.8, 16.5% and 57.5% for against serotype 19F, 6B and 15B Spn-associated ARI, respectively, and the effectiveness (26.0%) was better in the participants aged 2 – 5 years than that (7.6%) in those aged older than 5 year; while using the Spn – group as the control and after adjusting for age, household registration, other vaccination status, the year of seeking medication, season of seeking medication, and clinical diagnosis, the logistic regression analysis showed a VE of 29.9% (95% CI: – 22.0% – 59.7%) for the participants aged 2 – 5 years. Conclusion PPV23 is of certain protection against Spn-associated respiratory tract infections in 2 – 9 years old children and the effectiveness decreases with the prolonged time after receiving the vaccination

In order to improve the quality of rice bread and reveal the effects of transglutaminase (TGase) on the quality of rice flour, rice dough and rice bread, and reveal the relationship among the indexes. The silty properties and pasting properties of TGase containing different mass fractions in rice flour, the water distribution, rheological properties and fermentation capability of rice dough, and the specific volume, gas cells and texture of bread were tested. The results showed that 0.60% TGase could improve the silty and pasting properties of rice flour, and increase the stabilization time of rice flour to 8.00±0.77 min. The peak viscosity (PV), valley viscosity (VV) and final viscosity (FV) were increased to 5801.00±30.41, 3805.67±76.14 and 5836.33±106.17 cP, respectively. Breakdown (BD) and setback (SB) of rice flour were reduced to 1990.00±128.11 and 1991.67±34.08 cP. At the same time, TGase increased the tightness of water binding, improved the rheological properties and fermentation capability of rice dough, increased S21 to 9.24%±13.07%, decreased T21 and T22 to 1.40±1.80 and 30.45±2.28 ms, and increased Hm to 8.60±0.11 mm. The porosity was increased to 50.51%±0.90%, which reduced the hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of rice bread, improved the springiness of rice bread and improved the textural properties of rice bread. Correlation analysis showed that T23 was negatively correlated with the formation time, and Hm was positively correlated with C3, C3~C2 and VV. And BD and SB were negatively correlated, chewiness was positively correlated with C1, specific volume was positively correlated with FV and PV were positively correlated. The results showed that TGase improved the quality of rice flour, rice dough and rice bread, and there were different degrees of correlation among the improved indexes.

【Objective】Based on the method of SSR molecular markers, this study conducted phylogenetic analysis on 12 germplasms and identified true and false hybrids from F1 hybrid progenies of some germplasms in Gerbera hybrida, in order to offer a technological support for the evaluation and innovative utilization of germplasm resources in G. hybrida.【Method】Twelve Gerbera hybrida germplasm resources were collected and their genomic DNA was extracted. PCR amplification was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers. Cluster analysis and fingerprint construction were conducted by detecting the results of related polymorphisms, as well as identification of hybrid F1 offspring of some varieties.【Result】A total of 74 polymorphic alleles were amplified by 18 pairs of primers in 12 varieties of G. hybrida, with an average of 4.1 polymorphic alleles amplified by each pair of primers. A phylogenetic tree of 12 germplasm resources was constructed using 74 alleles in G. hybrida. UPGMA clustering analysis results showed that when the genetic coefficient was 0.75, the tested 12 germplasm resources could be divided into 5 groups, with Group Ⅰ including 'Yunnanhong', 'Da088', and 'Qingren'. Group Ⅱ including 'Fenjiaren', 'Fenqiu', 'Zhenai', and 'Fuwa'. Group Ⅲ including 'Xiuse', 'Shunv', and 'Huangqiu', both Group Ⅳ and Group Ⅴ containing only one variety, namely 'Zishuijing' and 'Shenzhen 5', respectively. Four pairs of primers were screened, including GHSSR-1, GHSSR-18, GHSSR-20, and GHSSR-21, which can completely distinguish the 12 germplasms with each other. Among them, the last three pairs of primers identified lines with parental specific heterotopies as Gh-5, Gh-4, and Gh-1, respectively. The identification rate of a single pair of primers was 33%. All three tested individual plants are true hybrids, with a true hybrid rate of 100%.【Conclusion】Twelve fingerprint maps of G.hybrida varieties were successfully constructed. At the same time, 3 hybrid F1 offspring seedlings were identified as true hybrids, providing dependable SSR marker primers for the evaluation and innovative utilization of resources in G. hybrida.

In order to meet the needs of people to supplement the element selenium, in this paper, rice with retained germ was used as raw material to prepare selenium-enriched rice with retained germ by ultrasonic soaking. The optimal process conditions were optimized by single factor experiment, principal component analysis and response surface experiment, and the quality characteristics such as cooking characteristics, texture characteristics, gelatinization characteristics and thermal characteristics of rice with retained germ were studied. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were ultrasonic soaking time 8.25 min, ultrasonic soaking temperature 40 ℃ and ultrasonic power 150 W. Under these conditions, the comprehensive score of selenium-enriched rice with retained germ was 97.31±0.12. The surface pores of rice with retained germ were uniformly formed, the content of immobilized water and free water was increased, the cooking characteristics of rice grains were good, the texture was loose, soft and non-sticky, the taste was smooth, and the nutritional quality was improved.

Starch is a kind of biodegradable biopolymer with a wide range of sources and low price. With the development of nanotechnology, starch nanoparticles have become a research hotspot due to their unique properties different from native starch. In this paper, the structure characteristics of different sources of starch is introduced, the preparation of starch nanoparticles of top-down and bottom-up method and the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods are summarized, the effects of starch nanoparticles on Pickering emulsion stability, performance improvement of composite material, delivery of targeted drug and adsorption of industrial waste water are reviewed, and the application prospect of starch nanoparticles in food, industry, medicine and other fields is prospected in order to provide the theoretical basis for the research of starch nanoparticles.

Rice is mild in nature, sweet in taste, and has higher nutritional value. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population, then the research progress of various rice has attracted extensive attention of many scholars. In this paper, the essential information, nutritional composition, efficiency of rice and rice products in processing problems are expounded, and the factors affecting the quality of rice product in the process of deep processing are analyzed, finally the effects of various exogenous additives on the quality of rice product are summarized, the effect of single exogenous additive is not very good, and the research on composite additives should be strengthened, with the aim of providing reference for the development of rice product processing industry in China.

In order to solve the problems of high labor intensity， difficulty in picking， and low efficiency of manual pineapple picking， a pineapple picking device based on crank slider， offset linear sliding rod and multi-link transmission mechanism is designed. The Adams is used to simulate and analyze the movement of the mechanism， and the parameters of each component of the device are optimized. The actual prototype has been tested， and the results show that the device is suitable for picking pineapples with a stem diameter of 3-6 cm. The test statistics show that the single picking time of the device is 1.2 s less than manual picking， and the efficiency is increased by 26%. The stationary motion of the device and the cutting stability of the tool are also verified.

With the unprecedented increase of mobile data traffic brought by the wide proliferation of smart phones and tablet computers, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has attained great attention due to its overloading capability in the case of limited spectrum resources. Firstly, the complexity-constrained NOMA design principle was proposed. Then, a comprehensive study of key NOMA schemes was conducted, in which the theory of each scheme was provided. Next, the low complexity expectation propagation (EP) based detectors were designed. Finally, the performance of NOMA and the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) was compared via simulations. The simulation results illustrate that the NOMA has superior capacity and block error rate (BLER) than the conventional OMA.

Randomness, intermittence and fluctuation are features of new energy, which includes wind energy and solar energy, and power forecasting is an effective solution. The characteristics of wind power output and forecasting model are fully considered to propose piecewise support vector machine (PSVM) and neural network (NN) model; the effort of weather condition on photovoltaic is analyzed to optimize the forecasting model. The case studies from several wind farms and photovoltaic power stations prove that the proposed models have higher precision, which offer support for reliability analysis of power output forecasting.

Computation offloading in mobile edge computing would transfer the resource intensive computational tasks to the edge network.It can not only solve the shortage of mobile user equipment in resource storage,computation performance and energy efficiency,but also deal with the problem of resource occupation,high latency and network load compared to cloud computing.Firstly the architecture of MEC was introduce and a comparative analysis was made according to various deployment schemes.Then the key technologies of computation offloading was studied from three aspects of decision on computation offloading,allocation of computing resource within MEC and system implement of MEC.Based on the analysis of MEC deployment scheme in 5G,two optimization schemes on computation offloading was proposed in 5G MEC.Finally,the current challenges in the mobility management was summarized,interference management and security of computation offloading in MEC.

Big data applications put more pressure on memory system in the aspect of capacity and power consumption.However,limited by the shortcomings of DRAM and non-volatile memory(NVM),memory consists of single medium like DRAM or NVM is not competent for the requirements of big data applications.Thus,how to effectively design,efficiently manage and accurately evaluate the hybrid memories consist of DRAM and NVM are the major challenges that the academia and industry face today.The challenges of hybrid memory systems for big data processing from the perspective of computer architecture,system software,programming model and application were analyzed,and several solutions and optimizations were correspondingly provided,such as on-chip cache management,parallel processing,memory access scheduling,energy management,virtual-to-physical address translation,object-level memory allocation and migration mechanisms.Meanwhile,a number of prototypes to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of these proposals were developed.

In order to make up for the misjudgment of fish freshness by colorimetry due to the unclear color distinction, a naphthol-benzothiazole derivative (HBO) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of naphthol as a fluorophore with benzothiazole salt. HBO could recognize organic amines by colorimetric and fluorescent responses, and allow nondestructive detection of salmon freshness. HBO showed an obvious response for all 12 amines tested in an EtOH/H2O (1:9, V/V) system, had a low limit of detection (0.4 μmol/L for spermine), and could image for spermine in living cells. The sensing gel HBO agarose gel (HBOAL) was prepared by loading the probe onto agarose gels. When salmon flesh is stored with HBOAL, the fish can be judged to be spoiled if HBOAL exhibits a light red color in daylight and a yellow color in ultraviolet light. HBOAL distinguished clearly among the three grades of salmon fish freshness with accurate evaluation results, and therefore could be used to monitor the freshness of salmon fish in real time.

Starting with big data and big data in healthcare,firstly,challenges and improvements of big data in healthcare were elaborated.Then the background of big data and healthcare industry was presented.Finally,big data applications in healthcare were illustrated,and analysis on the systems of big data in healthcare and their key technologies were made.

Resistiveness to care (RTC) is a common abnormal behavioral symptom in dementia patients during the care process, which seriously negatively impacts the patients and their caregivers. The research on assessment tools for RTC started earlier in foreign countries, and has explored relevant aspects more deeply and comprehensively. Since the Resistiveness to Care Scale for Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (RTC-DAT) came out in 1999, overseas researchers have made several revisions to its content and methods, and have expanded it to include different scales for assessing RTC in different care settings. In this paper, we present a review of the tools developed overseas to assess RTC in patients with dementia, focusing on the differences in contents and methods of the tools, and the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of each tool, which may offer insights into China's development of such a tool or introduction of a foreign tool applicable to China. The evaluation method of the assessment tools currently used in foreign research on RTC in patients with dementia is mostly based on the researcher-observed method used in the initial RTC-DAT, which faces many limitations in its practical application. The Refusal of Care Informant Scale (RoCIS) developed in 2022 attempts to use the method of evaluation by consulting caregivers, which is commonly used in other fields, providing a new way for China's introduction or development of a RTC assessment tool applicable to Chinese dementia patients. Considering various types of these tools, we recommend that the tool should be selected according to its applicability assessed comprehensively.

Recently, mounting evidences have suggested the therapeutic potential of Nrf2/ARE activators for treating Ischemic stroke. Moreover, several Nrf2 activators attenuate ischemic stroke-induced brain injury in several transient focal cerebral ischemia (tMCAO) in experimental animal models.

In order to systematically describe the electromagnetic radiation monitoring and early warning technology and application status of coal and gas outburst, the paper analyzes in detail coal and gas outburst electromagnetic radiation monitoring technology equipment and application from three aspects: the basic principles and methods of coal and gas outburst prediction by electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic radiation monitoring and early warning equipment and systems, and electromagnetic radiation prediction outburst field application. Results show that electromagnetic radiation responds well to the outburst hazard of working face, gas geology and abnormal stress. It is an effective non-contact geophysical monitoring and early warning method of coal and rock dynamic disasters, which has a good development prospect in highlighting the forecast.