Search

Under the forces of expansive soil and landslides, the construction of the tunnel entrance is more likely to cause engineering disasters, such as surface cracking and landslides. The application of micro piles in the tunnel has advantages over anti slide piles. Based on the homogenization theory and upper limit analysis, this study calculates the stability of expansive soil landslide at the entrance of an expressway tunnel, and evaluates the treatment effect of different combinations of micro pile groups and cutting-unloading. In the calculation, to improve the calculation efficiency, the micro pile groups and soil around the piles are equivalent to the plus solid conforming to the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion based on the homogenization theory. the results then are verified by monitoring the landslide deformation after the cutting and micro pile group reinforcement treatment in the field. This study indicates that compared with the strength parameters of soil, the internal friction angle of equivalent reinforcement remains constant, and the cohesion increases from 26 kPa to 85.36 kPa. The evaluated landslide stability before and after treatment show that the sliding surface of the landslide extends from the rock-soil interface above the landslide to the front of the tunnel portal without treatment; when only using micro pile group reinforcement, the landslide safety factor is about 1.17, and the sliding surface extends from the rock-soil interface to the tunnel portal; when only using both micro pile group reinforcement and cutting-unloading, the safety factor increases from 1.26 to 1.28, and the upper edge of the sliding surface moves forward from the rock-soil interface. The field deformation monitoring shows that the deformation of surface and deep soil are less than 3 mm, which can keep the landslide stable, and also verifies the effectiveness of the calculation method. This study provides beneficial information for similar projects.

ObjectiveTo evaluate mutagenic and teratogenic effects of lanthanum nitrate for providing evidence to safe use of the rare earth element. MethodsThe mutagenicity of lanthanum nitrate was evaluated by micronucleus assay on mouse bone marrow cells, in vitro chromosome aberration test, and Salmonella typhimurium strains bacterial reverse mutation test and the teratogenic effect of lanthanum nitrate was assessed with teratogenicity test in rats. The micronucleus assay on mouse bone marrow cells was performed in three groups of ICR mice (10 in each group, half male and half female) administrated with lanthanum nitrate at concentrations (mg/kg·BW) of 875, 437.5, 218.75 for the male mice and 1015, 507.5, 253.75 for the female mice according to the median lethal dose (LD50) of lanthanum nitrate for the mice. The chromosome aberration test of mammalian cells in vitro was conducted on Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells (with good growth during logarithmic division and inoculated into 25 mL cell culture bottle, 1 × 106 cells per bottle) treated with lanthanum nitrate at concentrations of 1 × 10 – 3, 1 × 10 – 4, 1 × 10 – 5 mol (without S9 mixture) and 5 × 10 – 3, 2.5 × 10 – 4,1.25 × 10 – 5 mol (with S9 mixture) based on the median inhibition concentration (IC50) of lanthanum nitrate on CHL cells. Five lanthanum nitrate dose groups (5, 1, 0.2, 0.04, 0.008 mg/dish, respectively) were set up to carry out Salmonella typhimurium (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535) strains bacterial reverse mutation test in the presence or absence of S9 metabolic activation system. In teratogenicity test on pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (at least 15 in each group), three lanthanum nitrate dosages of (9, 36, 144 mg/kg·BW) were determined and the growth and implantation ability and the offspring rats′ weight and length, rate of skeletal malformation, rate of organ malformation and total rate of viscera malformation were oberserved. ResultsIn micronucleus assay, the micronucleus formation rates of bone marrow cells in each lanthanum nitrate dose group were similar with that of vehicle control group (P > 0.05) . In vitro chromosome aberration test, the rate of cells with chromosome aberration in 1 × 10 – 5 M lanthanum nitrate group significantly increased in the absence of S9 compared to that of the control group (χ2 = 12.109, P < 0.01); however, the proportion of cells with chromosome aberration was less than 5%, indicating a biological insignificance; in the presence of S9, there was no significant difference in chromosome aberration the between each lanthanum nitrate dose group and the control group (all P > 0.05). The results of Salmonella typhimurium strains bacterial reverse mutation test showed that there were no significant differences in the mutagenicity among lanthanum nitrate dose groups and the control group in both the presence and absence of S9 mixture. The results of teratogenic test showed that there were no significant differences in the growth and the implantation ability of pregnant rats among all dose groups and the vehicle group; lanthanum nitrate at concentration of 144 mg/kg BW inhibited fetal body weight and length significantly (both P < 0.05) and increased skeletal malformation of fetal rat compared with those of the vehicle group (χ2 = 9.939, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in organ-specific and total visceral malformation among the dose groups (P > 0.05 for all). ConclusionsThe mutagenic effect of lanthanum nitrate was not observed under the conditions of this study and the study resulted in a no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 36 mg/kg BW for lanthanum nitrate (15.38 mg/kg BW in terms of lanthanum).

Background and objective Paclitaxol (PTX) resistance is one of main factors which affect the outcome of chemotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study is to compare the secreted protein expression profiles between Paclitaxol (PTX) resistant and sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cells by proteomic research method, so as to provide evidence of choosing individual chemotherapy drugs in clinical treatment. Methods Total secreted proteins extracted from a PTX sensitive cell line A549 and a PTX resistant cell line A549-Taxol were separated by fluorscent differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE). High quality 2-DE profiles were obtained and analyzed by Decyder 6.5 analysis software to screen differentially expressed protein spots. Those spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Results 2-DE patterns of lung adenocarcinoma cells with high-resolution and reproducibility were obtained. 76 significantly differentially expressed protein spots were screened, 19 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins could be classified into different catogories: metabolic enzyme, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation enzyme, cytokine, signal transducer, cell adhesion, and so on. Conclusion Multiple secreted proteins related to chemoresistance of A549-Taxol cells were identified in this study for the first time. The results presented here would provide clues to identify new serologic chemoresistant biomarkers of NSCLC.

Background and objective Cisplatin is an important drug in lung cancer chemotherapy. It has been proven that ERCC1, RRM1, p53 expressions were related to resistance to platinum and prognosis of the patcents with lung cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the expression of ERCC1, RRM1, p53 withpostoperative survival in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the relationship between the expression of ERCC1, RRM1, p53 and resistance to cisplatin. Methods A total of 75 patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ NSCLC receiving radical resection from Feb. 1992 to Jan. 1994 were followed up. Postoperative patients with stage Ⅰ were randomized two groups (chemo and non-chemo groups). All patients with stage Ⅱ received adjuvant cisplatinbased chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ERCC1, RRM1, p53 in paraffinembedded specimens. Results In stageⅠ NSCLC, the prognosis of the patients with high expression of ERCC1 (High-ERCC1) was better than those with low expression of ERCC1 (Low-ERCC1). 1, 3, 5-year survival rate in the patients with high expression of ERCC1 was 100.00%, 91.30%, 86.74% and in those with Low-ERCC1 was 96.43%, 60.71%, 57.14%, respectively (P =0.0058). The patients with High- ERCC1 had a better survival rate than those with Low-ERCC1 in stageⅠ NSCLC without chemotherapy. MST in high and low expression of ERCC1 was 72.00+ months and 64.67 months, respectively (P =0.0327). In contrary to stage Ⅰ NSCLC, the patients with had a better survival rate than those with in stage Ⅱ. MST was 60.00+ months in stage Ⅱ patients with low expression of ERCC1, but MST was only 25.50 months with (P =0.0442). The postoperative survival of NSCLC patients was not any statistical different between with high expression and low expression of RRM1 and p53. Conclusion High expression of ERCC1 is a better independent prognostic factor in stage Ⅰ NSCLC patients. Cisplatin-base chemotherapy prolongs survival in stage Ⅱ NSCLC patients with. Adjuvant chemotherapy regimen is determined according to ERCC1 expression levels in resected NSCLC.

Background and objective Paclitaxol (PTX) resistance is one of main factors which affect the outcome of chemotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study is to compare the secreted protein expression profiles between Paclitaxol (PTX) resistant and sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cells by proteomic research method, so as to provide evidence of choosing individual chemotherapy drugs in clinical treatment. Methods Total secreted proteins extracted from a PTX sensitive cell line A549 and a PTX resistant cell line A549-Taxol were separated by fluorscent differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE). High quality 2-DE profiles were obtained and analyzed by Decyder 6.5 analysis software to screen differentially expressed protein spots. Those spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Results 2-DE patterns of lung adenocarcinoma cells with high-resolution and reproducibility were obtained. 76 significantly differentially expressed protein spots were screened, 19 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins could be classified into different catogories: metabolic enzyme, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation enzyme, cytokine, signal transducer, cell adhesion, and so on. Conclusion Multiple secreted proteins related to chemoresistance of A549-Taxol cells were identified in this study for the first time. The results presented here would provide clues to identify new serologic chemoresistant biomarkers of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes （hUC-MSC-Exo） in the tunicamycin-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells （HKC）. Methods Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） was induced by tunicamycin in HKC cells. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of ERS-related proteins of glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78），GRP94 and C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） were determined by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. hUC-MSC-Exo were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. The effects of different concentrations of hUC-MSC-Exo （0，40，60，80，100，150 and 200 μg/mL） upon cell activity were evaluated. Cell proliferation and apoptosis after co-treatment with hUC-MSC-Exo and tunicamycin were assessed by resazurin assay and flow cytometry. Results Treatment with 1，2 and 4 μg/mL tunicamycin could inhibit the proliferation of HKC in a concentration-dependent manner. Different concentrations of tunicamycin could induce ERS and cell apoptosis in HKC. Treatment with 100，150 and 200 μg/mL hUC-MSC-Exo could enhance cell proliferation. Compared with the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin group，cell proliferation was significantly increased in the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin and 150 μg/mL hUC-MSC-Exo co-treatment group （P < 0.05）. The apoptosis rate in the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin group was （14.16±1.58）%，and （8.18±0.58）% in the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin and 150 μg/mL hUC-MSC-Exo co-treatment group，and the difference was statistically significant （P