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Comparison and analysis of the effects of three types of packaging treatments on the quality characteristics of pike eels during frozen storage. Pike eel were removed from the internal organs, cleaned and cut into pieces, then simply sealed bag packaging, vacuum packaging, soaked in 0.05 g/L stable chlorine dioxide solution for 10 minutes, then dried up and vacuum packaging treatment, which were recorded as simple packaging group, vacuum packaging group and antibacterial vacuum packaging group, respectively. The samples were stored at −18 ℃ for 120 days and sampled every 20 days. The total number of colonies, total volatile base nitrogen(TVB-N), color difference, myofibril fragmentation index(MFI), Ca2+-ATPase activity, carbonyl content, peroxide value and malondialdehyde content were measured. The effects of different packaging treatments on the quality characteristics of frozen pike eel were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of storage time, the total number of colonies, TVB-N content, MFI value, carbonyl content, peroxide value and malondialdehyde content in each group increased, and the growth rate of the simple packaging group was significantly higher than the other two groups, and the preservation effect of the antibacterial vacuum packaging group was significantly better than the other two groups; the antibacterial vacuum packaging could effectively slow down the color change of pike eel during freezing; the Ca2+-ATPase activity of myogenic fibrin decreased with the extension of storage time, and the decreasing trend of the antibacterial vacuum packaging group was significantly smaller than the other two groups. In summary, the stable state chlorine dioxide combined with vacuum packaging treatment had a better effect on inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in pike eels, and maintaining the freshness of fish pieces and muscle quality.

Background Health literacy is closely associated with health status, most domestic studies tend to use multidimensional and multi-item tools for assessing health literacy, lacking simple and effective assessment methods. Objective To simplify health literacy scale and conduct psychometric test within the Chinese population. Methods Adults aged 18 years and above were selected from the "China Family Health Index Survey (2021) " for this investigation. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 7 449 participants were selected and randomly divided into two sample sets, including 3 680 cases in sample set 1 and 3 769 cases in sample set 2. The general information questionnaire, Short-form Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-SF12), Perception Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Family Health Scale Short-form (FHS-SF) were administered to the respondents. Classical test theory (CTT) and the Mokken model in item response theory (IRT) were used to screen the original items, and validation analyses such as reliability and validity of the simplified scales were also conducted. Results A 9-item version (HLS-SF9) and a 4-item version (HLS-SF4) were simplified by using CTT and the Mokken model, respectively. Both the HLS-SF9 and the HLS-SF4 had no ceiling effect or floor effect, and the Cronbach's α coefficients for both were 0.913 and 0.842, with split-half reliabilities of 0.871 and 0.815, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis of HLS-SF4 revealed one common factor, accounting for 67.813% of the cumulative variance, with factor loadings exceeding 0.81 for each item. The confirmatory factor analysis of HLS-SF9 showed that χ2/df was 10.844, goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.985, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) was 0.971, normative fit index (NFI) was 0.986, comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.987, and root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.051. The correlation analysis demonstrated positive correlation of HLS-SF9 and HLS-SF4 with PSSS (r=0.367, 0.292, P