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Objective To explore the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative nursing of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement. Methods Totally 58 elderly patients undergoing hip replacement were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 29 cases in each group. The control group received routine care during the period of operation, while the observation group received perioperative nursing based on ERAS. The Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Harris Hip Score (HHS), Visual Analogue Pain Score (VAS) and were observed before intervention, 1 day, 1 week and 2 weeks after intervention, and the off-bed time was recorded. Results The ADL score and HSS score were significantly increased in both two groups at 2 weeks after intervention(P＜0. 05), and the VAS Score was decreased significantly at 2 weeks after intervention(P＜0. 05). Patients in the observation group achieved higher ADL score, higher HSS score and lower VAS score at 2 weeks after intervention compared with those in the control group (P＜0. 05) . T he off-bed time was (9. 45±2. 53) d in the observation group, which was shorter than (13. 83±3. 91) d in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The perioperative nursing based on ERAS is effective to reduce the postoperative pain of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement, and improve their activity of daily living. (目的 探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)理念在老年髋关节置换术围手术期护理中的应用效果。方法 58例行髋关节置换术的患者随机分为观察组和对照组, 各29例。对照组给予常规围手术期护理, 观察组基于ERAS理念开展围手术期护理。观察2组干预前、干预后1天、干预后1周以及干预后2周时的自理能力、髋关节功能以及疼痛程度。记录2组术后下床活动的时间。结论 干预后2周时, 2组日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、髋关节功能评分(HSS)升高, 疼痛视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)评分降低, 与干预前比较, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05); 干预后2周时观察组ADL、HSS评分高于对照组, VAS评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组患者下床活动时间为术后(9. 45±2. 53) d, 短于对照组(13. 83±3. 91) d, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 基于ERAS理念开展老年髋关节置换术围手术期护理, 能有效缓解患者的疼痛, 提高日常生活自理的能力, 加快康复。)

Objective To investigate the effect of five-element music therapy combined with loxoprofen sodium on perioperative pain in patients with humeral shaft fracture. Methods Totally 90 cases of humeral shaft fracture patients were randomly divided into three groups, control group A (30 cases) and control group B (30 cases) and treatment group (30 cases). Control group A received oral administration of loxoprofen sodium, control group B received five-element music therapy, and treatment group received combined intervention of loxoprofen sodium oral administration and five-element music therapy. The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was adopted as the evaluation criteria to assess perioperative pain 2 days before surgery, 2 days and 7 days after the surgery. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to evaluate the sleep quality of patients 2 days before surgery, 2 days and 7 days after the surgery. Results The treatment group was found with a better improvement in VAS and AIS compared with that in the control group A and control group B, respectively (P

【Objective】 To explore the effects of the interaction between leaf spraying and soil water on the growth yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants in greenhouse. 【Method】 The objective is through pot experiment, this study took greenhouse tomato (Jingfan 404) as the research object, four exogenous selenium (selenium source: Na2SeO3) spraying concentration (S0: clear water control, S2.5: 2.5 mg/L, S5: 5 mg/L and S10: 10 mg/L) and three irrigation control levels were set (the lower irrigation limit was controlled as 50% of field water capacity (W1: severe drought), 65% (W2: mild drought), 80% (W3: full water supply), a total of 12 treatments, to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions and foliar spraying different concentrations of selenium on the growth, selenium content, yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants and fruits in greenhouse. 【Result】 With the increase of irrigation control level, plant height, stem diameter and fruit average growth rate increased significantly, and significantly affected leaf selenium content. The effects of exogenous selenium on plant height and tomato growth rate reached a significant level (p

[Objectives] To determine the effects of different densities of Apis mellifera L. on the foraging of Apis cerana F. on Brassica campestris flowers. [Methods] We surveyed the distribution of A.cerana and A. mellifera apiaries, the number of colonies and colony strength, and analyzed the effects of the colony density of A. mellifera on the foraging behavior of A. cerana. [Results] In farmland, the average flower visiting frequency of A. cerana was highest (14.93 flowers per minute), and the average foraging time on each flower was lowest (1.96 second per flower), in the SBD experimental site, where the colony density of A. mellifera, was highest. The percentage of B. campestris pollen collected by A. cerana in the SBD experimental site was the lowest (37%), but the species diversity of pollen collected was the highest (11 kinds of pollen). The above indices were significantly different between the SBD and the XZ site, the latter had the lowest colony density of A. mellifera. In montane forest, the average flower visiting frequency by A. cerana was the lowest (8.48 flowers per minute), whereas the average foraging time spent on each flower was the highest (4.55 second per flower), in the XZ site. The percentage of B. campestris pollen collected by A. cerana in the XZ site was the highest (33%), but the species diversity of pollen collected was the lowest (8 kinds of pollen). The above indices were significantly different between the XZ and SBD sites. [Conclusion] Irrespective of whether hives are in farmland or montane forest, the colony density of A. mellifera had a significant effect on the foraging and the utilization of pollen resources by A. cerana The amount of B. campestris pollen collected by A. cerana was less where A. mellifera colony density was higher, and the restriction of the foraging activity of A. cerana to montane forest was also more obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of agricultural insurance demand, this study applies the binary logistic model to conduct an empirical analysis and test of the rural household survey data in Liaoning Province. From such new perspectives as household economic conditions, farming conditions and risk-sharing measures, the influential factors and mechanisms of effective demand for policy-oriented agricultural insurance are studied empirically. Meanwhile, such factors as farmers' individual characteristics and their understanding of agricultural insurance are taken into account. The results show that health insurance, endowment insurance and revenue exert a negative impact on policy-oriented agricultural insurance, whereas government assistance, household assets, insurance cognition, level of education and other factors exert a positive impact on policy-oriented agricultural insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of saikosaponins-d (SSd) on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its potential mechanisms. Methods One hundred SD male rats were randomly divided into model group, DMSO control group and SSd intervention group. The model group was administered intragastrically with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (5 times/week) for 14 weeks. DMSO control group was simultaneously administered with the same dosage of DMSO as SSd group. Saikosaponin-d intervention group was injected intraperitoneally with SSd (1.0mg/kg) once a day for 18 weeks. All rats were killed at the end of week 18. The expressions of Ang-2 and VEGF in liver tissue and serum were measured by immunocytochemistry and ELISA. Results Liver injury was alleviated obviously and the death rate was reduced in SSd group. Immunocytochemistry and ELISA indicated that Ang-2 and VEGF expressions were decreased significantly in SSd group compared with model and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion SSd can inhibit angiogenesis of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Ang-2 and VEGF expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China environmental pollution brought by economic development is so severe that 16 of 20 most polluted cities on the earth are here in mainland. It is of great essence and need to evaluate China's environment pollution level objectively to promote China's economic development sound and fast. This paper is based on the measurement of pollution index in China from 1999 to 2009, aiming at setting up an environment pollution model to explore the effects of trade openness, FDI, government rules, industry structure, capital deepening, and paths dependence on pollution index. Regression analysis indicates that FDI, economy development level, and pollution paths dependence have obvious positive impact on pollution index, that the tertiary industry proportion has obvious negative impact on pollution index in most of regions, and that capital deepening has obvious positive impact on pollution index in most regions. Though trade openness improves the east-region environmental quality and aggravates the middle-west environment pollution, environment rules have little obvious positive impact on environmental quality. However, technology progress has obvious positive impact on environmental quality in the middle east, but has little positive impact on the environmental quality in the west region. In order to promote the economy sustainable development, China should therefore increase foreign investment access environment threshold, optimize the construction of industry, implement green trade strategy, and perfect the environment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 98 isolates with antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy pepper plants in the fields seriously infected by pepper Phytophthora capsicit, and two strains named as HL-3 and LZ-8 were screened, which had the characteristics of wide-spectrum antagonism and good growth under poor soil condition. The HL-3 and LZ-8 were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus pumilus, respectively, based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. The two strains could inhibit the mycelium growth of P. capsici, and the inhibitory effect of HL-3 and LZ-8 was 72% and 68%, respectively. The two strains also had antifungal activities toward other plant pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotiana, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Pot experiment showed that the biocontrol effects of HL-3 and LZ-8 against P. capsici at the seedling stage of pepper were 72% and 83 %, respectively, and both of the strains had significant growth-promoting effect on pepper plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, multicomponent oleogels composed of octacosanol and behenic acid were constructed and characterized, and the assembly mechanism of the composite system was preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that the crystal microstructure, rheological properties, thermal properties and oil-holding capacity of the composite system significantly varied with the mass ratio of octacosanol to behenic acid. When the mass ratio of octacosanol to behenic acid was 8:2, the system showed synergistic effect, the crystal morphology was fibrous, and the crystal was distributed in a mixture of α and β’ polymorphs, with the highest elasticity modulus and the strongest oil holding capacity being observed. When the mass ratio of octacosanol to behenic acid was 4:6, there was an antagonistic effect in the system, the crystal morphology showed spherical fibrous aggregates, and the crystal forms were dominated by the α polymorph, the lowest crystallization temperature/melting temperature and the weakest gel strength and oil-holding capacity being observed. These results lay a theoretical foundation for promoting the application and production of oleogels in functional foods, and provide novel technical ideas for improving the utilization of octacosanol.

Qingcaosha Reservoir is one among the important reservoirs and drinking water sources in Shanghai. Samples were collected from the reservoir every month from 2014 to 2021 to analyze phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors to provide a reasonable reference for urban reservoir operation management, water resource protection, and development and utilization. The results showed that 561 species of phytoplankton were identified from eight phyla in 8a, mainly diatomata, chlorophyta, and cyanophyta, accounting for 34.94%, 34.58%, and 17.65% of the total species, respectively. A total of 26 dominant species were present in four phyla, and cyanobacteria accounted for 50%. Diatoms and green algae were the dominant species, cyanobacteria was the absolute dominant species, and other phyla accounted for a low proportion in the community structure. The Qingcaosha reservoir had the tendency of transforming into a cyanobacteria-type reservoir. The major dominant genera of chlorophyta were Scenedesmus , Ankistrodesmusc , and Chlorellaceae . The dominant genera of the phylum cyanobacteria were Merismopediaceae , Microcystaceae , Aphanocapsa , and Pseudanabaenaceae . The major dominant genera of the diatoms were Cyclotella , Melosira , and Aulacoseira . The dominant genus of xanthophyta was Tribonemataceae . Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 8.391×10 5 to 2.115×10 7 cells·L -1 , with an average of 6.345×10 6 cells·L -1 . The biomass of phytoplankton varied from 0.113 to 11.903 mg·L -1 , with an average of 1.538 mg·L -1 . The maximum abundance occurred in summer, and the maximum biomass occurred in spring. In spatial distribution, the maximum biomass and abundance appeared in the reservoir. Redundancy analysis （RDA） of phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors showed that water temperature （WT）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and nutrient salts （TN, TP） were important environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community structure, and significant changes occurred in 2014-2017 and 2018-2021. From 2018 to 2021, cyanobacteria disappeared and cyanobacteria dominated the reservoir and even changed to cyanobacteria-type reservoirs. From 2016 to 2021, half of the dominant species were cyanobacteria, and the cyanobacteria abundance accounted for the highest proportion during this period. The reasons for the extinction of xanthophyta were speculated to be the increase in phosphorus concentration and water temperature, and the reasons for the dominant position of cyanophyta, to be the rise of water level, water temperature, and alkaline water. Reservoirs use filter-feeding fish to control algal overgrowth； however, filter-feeding fish do not filter all algae and not all of their filter-feeding algae is easily digestible. In this study, it was observed that the size of digestible algae biomass in the four seasons was in the order of spring &gt; summer &gt; autumn &gt; winter. RDA analysis of silver carp, bighead carp, and digestible algae showed that the biomass of digestible algae was positively correlated with that of silver carp and bighead carp in spring, autumn, and winter. These results suggest that the digestibility of algae changed the resource use efficiency of filter-feeding fish and led to changes in phytoplankton community structure. The phytoplankton community structure was directly affected by the descending effect of fish and indirectly affected by the digestibility of algae.

To accurately evaluate the biotoxicity of PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 samples from winter fog-haze days, winter normal days, and summer days in Changzhou were selected for evaluation based on the acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria and zebrafish embryos and the cytotoxicity of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro (A549). The three atmospheric conditions and the physical and chemical indicators were also evaluated using correlation analysis. The PM 2.5 samples showed either acute or developmental toxicity during all three periods. The toxicity unit (TU) of the luminescent bacteria for the winter fog-haze days, winter normal days, and summer days were 1.74 (toxic), 1.19 (toxic), and 0.92 (slightly toxic), respectively. The maximum TU of the zebrafish embryos was for winter normal days (TU=1.14, toxic) followed by winter fog-haze days (TU=0.79, slightly toxic), and summer days (TU=0, non-toxic). The highest TU of A549 was for winter fog-haze days (TU=0.61, toxic) followed by summer days (TU=0.38, toxic) and winter normal days (TU=0.31, toxic). With respect to developmental toxicity, with the exception of summer day samples, the PM 2.5 samples from the other two periods had detrimental effects on the development of zebrafish embryos, mainly showing pericardial edema, a bent notochord, and tail deformity. The average toxicity (AvTx), toxic print (TxPr), and most sensitive test (MST) indices showed that the PM 2.5 samples from winter fog-haze days and winter normal days exhibited toxicity, while samples from the summer days showed slight toxicity; PM 2.5 samples from winter fog-haze days had the highest level of comprehensive toxicity. In addition, luminescent bacteria were the most sensitive to PM 2.5 samples, followed by zebrafish embryos and A549. The results of chemical analysis and biological toxicity tests show that the pollutants contained in PM 2.5 have a biological toxicity effect, which can provide a basis for the comprehensive assessment of PM 2.5 biological toxicity and human health risks.

This paper reports a severe case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection during routine sputum smear examinations, due to cough and shortness of breath, so as to improve clinicians' awareness of strongyloidiasis to avoid and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Objective: To observe the hemodynamic change and reperfusion injury cause by transient hepatic venous occlusion and transient hepatic inflow occlusion in rats., Methods: The rat liver was divided into 3 different areas: the ischemia reperfusion (IR) area: the inflow of the right superior lobe was clamped for half an hour; the non-isolated lobe congestive reperfusion (NIL-CR) area: the outflow of the right median lobe was clamped for half an hour; and the isolated lobe congestive reperfusion (IL-CR) area: the outflow of the left lobe was clamped for half an hour. The flux value and the oxygen saturation of microcirculation were monitored before at clamping for 30 minutes, and on 1 day, 3 days ,and 7 days after reperfusion. The hepatic damage and Suzuki's score were evaluated., Results: After clamping for 30 minutes, the flux value in the IR area was significantly higher than in NIL-CR area (P<0.01) and IL-CR area (P<0.01), the oxygen saturation in the IR area was significantly higher than in NIL-CR area (P<0.01) and IL-CR area (P<0.05). Compared with IR area, both NIL-CR area and IL-CR area were found having more severe liver damage in terms of Suzuki's score in early postoperative period (at clamping for 30 minutes and on 1 day, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between NIL-CR area and IL-CR area in flux value, oxygen saturation, and Suzuki's score (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Hepatic venous occlusion can more effectively decrease the blood perfrusion and oxygen saturation; thus, compared to the IR, CR can result in more severe liver damage. The presence of normal liver tissue around the congestion area can not influence liver damage in transient hepatic venous occlusion.

Objective: To identify and investigate clinicopathological features of B cell lymphomas with concurrent myc and bcl-2/IgH or bcl-6 translocations ("double-hit" lymphoma)., Methods: Tissue microarray was constructed from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of aggressive B cell lymphomas diagnosed between 2009 and 2012, including 129 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 5 cases of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (BCLU), 7 cases of Burkitt lymphoma and 4 cases of high-grade follicular lymphoma with diffuse large B cell lymphoma component. Interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with a panel of probes including myc, bcl-2/IgH and bcl-6 to document related gene translocation and copy number changes. Medical record review was performed and follow-up data was recorded., Results: Among 145 cases, 5 cases (3.4%) of B cell lymphomas with concurrent myc and bcl-2/IgH or bcl-6 rearrangements (double-hit lymphomas) were identified, including 2 cases involving myc and bcl-2 translocations (1 DLBCL and 1 BCLU), and 3 cases involving myc and bcl-6 translocations (all DLBCLs). Three cases with concurrent bcl-2/IgH and bcl-6 translocations were found. Single gene translocations or increase of copy numbers were found in 66 cases, representing 51.2% (66/129) of all de novo DLBCLs. Ki-67 index of the 5 "double-hit" lymphomas ranged from 60% to 100%. Clinical follow-up data were available in 4 of the 5 "double-hit" lymphoma patients, three of whom died within 2 years and 1 patient was alive after 36 months of follow-up., Conclusions: "Double-hit" B-cell lymphomas are rare and can only be identified by molecular detection. They should not be considered synonymous with BCLU morphologically, and may present entities within other morphological spectra. Most of the patients have a poor prognosis. Further in-depth studies of larger case numbers are required to determine the pathologic and genetic variables of the lesion.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of neuroendocrine neoplasm of digestive system with different grades., Methods: The clinicopathologic features of 139 cases of neuroendocrine neoplasm occurring in digestive system were retrospectively reviewed and graded according to the 2010 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system. Immunohistochemical study for synaptophysin, chromogranin A and Ki-67 was carried out. The follow-up and survival data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were tested by Log-rank testing and independent risk factors were analysed using Cox regression model., Results: Amongst the 139 cases studied, there were 88 cases (63.3%) of grade 1 tumors, 9 cases (6.5%) of grade 2 tumors and 42 cases (30.2%) of grade 3 tumors. There was diffusely positive staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A in most of the grade 1 and grade 2 tumors. The staining in grade 3 tumors however was focal (P < 0.05). The differences in tumor size, depth of invasion, presence of tumor emboli, perineural permeation, nodal involvement, distant metastasis and survival rate amongst the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: There is significant difference in the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of neuroendocrine neoplasm of digestive system with different grades. It is considered as an independent prognostic factor and represents a useful tool for prognostic evaluation of such tumors, both in clinical practice and research.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of EB virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (EBV + DLBCL) of the elderly., Methods: Four hundred and ninety-six cases of DLBCLs were retrospectively studied by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect the EBV in tumor cells, and by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of CD10, CD20, CD30, CD79a, bcl-6, bcl-2, MUM-1, CD5, CD3, TIA-1 and Ki-67 protein. Their clinicopathological correlations were analyzed., Results: Of the 59 cases of EBV + DLBCL, 48 cases were EBV positive. The median age of these EBV + DLBCLs was 73 years with male predominance (1.4:1). There were 11 cases with nodal presentation only, 18 cases with extra-nodal presentation and 19 cases with both lymph nodal and extra-nodal involvements, whereas about one third cases with more than one extra-nodal involvement. Thirty-five patients presented with advanced disease (Ann Arbor stage III/IV). A performance status was available in 36 cases and 5 cases had performance status of more than 1. Seven of 30 patients were found with high lactate dehydrogenase value (more than twice of the normal). An IPI-score was calculated in 30 cases and 18 cases had an intermediate/high IPI-score (3-5). The median survival for these patients was 35 months. Morphologically, EBV + DLBCLs of the elderly generally showed a diffuse and polymorphic proliferation of large lymphoid cells with varying degrees of reactive components including small lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and epithelioid cells. These tumor cells were frequently characterized by a broad range of B-cell maturation, containing centroblasts, immunoblasts, and Hodgkin- and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like giant cells. The study cohort was further morphologically divided into large cell lymphoma subtypes (n = 33) and polymorphic lymphoma subtypes (n = 14) and one case with mixed subtype. Immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20 (47/48) and/or CD79a (45/45) in almost cases. Tumor cells were MUM-1-positive in the majority of the cases (44/47) and were stained for CD10 or bcl-6 in a few cases. Expression of bcl-2 and CD30 was observed in 80.0% (28/35) and 28.9% (11/38) cases, respectively, and most of the cases (33/39) had a high proliferative index (by Ki-67 with a 50% cut-off point). Compared with other EBV + DLBCLs, except the older age and low frequency of bcl-6 staining, no other significant differences were observed in EBV + DLBCLs of the elderly., Conclusions: EBV + DLBCLs of the elderly constitute a distinct clinicopathologic subtype of DLBCL, although many clinical and histological features with EBV + lymphomas are similar with that of younger ages. Differential diagnosis from other types of lymphomas should also be considered.

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological status of HER2 protein expression in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma, and to study its clinical and prognostic significance and the association with the clinicopathological features., Methods: The clinical data were reviewed in 860 patients with gastric carcinoma admitted to Guangdong General Hospital from 2003 to 2010. The HER2 status was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The modified HercepTest scoring criterion was used to assess HER2 protein expression. The association between HER2 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by χ(2) test. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for the survival analysis., Results: The median age of the patients was 59 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.06:1. Positive expression of HER2 protein (3+) was found in 77 (9.0%) cases of gastric carcinoma, and in 69 (8.9%) advanced gastric cancers. There was significantly positive association between HER2 over-expression and tumor differentiation, Lauren classification and WHO classification. No significant association was observed between HER2 protein expression and patients' age, gender, tumor location and clinical stage. There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between patients with positive HER2 expression and negative ones., Conclusion: Though there was significantly positive association between HER2 expression status and tumor differentiation, histological type, it may be of limited prognostic value in gastric cancer patients.

Objective: To study the immunophenotype and overall survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) classified according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues., Methods: Five hundred cases of DLBCL were retrospectively analyzed with histologic review, immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement study, in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Follow-up data were collected. The overall survival rates of germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtypes, as well as those of DLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL of the elderly, were compared., Results: DLBCL-NOS was the commonest subtype which accounted for 77.2% (386/500) of the cases. EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly, primary DLBCL of central nervous system, primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and T cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma accounted for 9.4% (47/500), 4.4% (22/500), 2.8% (14/500) and 2.6% (13/500), respectively. 68.5% (219/320) of DLBCL-NOS belonged to non-GCB subtype. The percentage of GCB subtype and CD5-positive subtype were 28.4% (91/320) and 3.1% (10/320), respectively. Comparison of the overall survival, GCB and non-GCB immunophenotypic groups have no significant difference (P = 0.93). And the same result in which of the EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly and DLBCL-NOS group, before and after age matched (P = 0.13 and 0.28, respectively). A double-hit lymphoma was found by FISH detection, which presenting as gray zone lymphoma in morphology., Conclusions: By using Hans algorithm, GCB and non-GCB subtypes show no significant difference in overall survival. EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly and DLBCL-NOS also do not have significant difference in overall survival. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique is helpful in identification of DLBCL with rare phenotypes.

A total of 98 isolates with antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy pepper plants in the fields seriously infected by pepper Phytophthora capsicit, and two strains named as HL-3 and LZ-8 were screened, which had the characteristics of wide-spectrum antagonism and good growth under poor soil condition. The HL-3 and LZ-8 were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus pumilus, respectively, based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. The two strains could inhibit the mycelium growth of P. capsici, and the inhibitory effect of HL-3 and LZ-8 was 72% and 68%, respectively. The two strains also had antifungal activities toward other plant pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotiana, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Pot experiment showed that the biocontrol effects of HL-3 and LZ-8 against P. capsici at the seedling stage of pepper were 72% and 83%, respectively, and both of the strains had significant growth-promoting effect on pepper plants.

Objective: To analysis the genotypes of wild type hepatitis A virus circulated in Xinjiang Hetian of China in 2006., Methods: The Vp1-2A region of HAV genome was amplified and sequenced from serum samples collected in Xinjiang Hetian of China in 2006, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining (NJ) method., Results: The nucleotide sequence differences in the VP1-2A region among Xinjiang Hetian HAV strains ranged from 0%-3.9%, all belonged to sub-genotype 1A. Genetically similar strains were identified among Xinjiang Hetian 2006 and Xinjiang Yili 2005 of China isolates. Only 0-2 amino acid differences were found among the Xinjiang Hetian HAV isolates in the VP1-2A region., Conclusion: There were different HAV strains existing in the investigated areas, these strains may have different transmission pathways for the spread of the disease. The results indicate the usefulness of molecular epidemiological methods in studying changes in the circulating HAV strains and in tracing transmission routes, and also for effectively control measures to prevent the spread of the disease.

Objective: To explore significance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing in atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H)., Methods: Presence of HR-HPV DNA was examined in 45 patients with ASC-H using hybrid capture II (HC-II) test. Colposcopic examination and biopsy were taken all results were evaluated., Results: Overall, 33 of 45 (73.3%) ASC-H cases were biopsy proven cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN). 36 of 45 ASC-H cases were HPV-DNA positive, including 19 cases of HSIL and over lesion; whereas no HSIL or over was found in 9 HR-HPV negative cases. Sensitivity and negativity predictive value of HR-HPV in ASC-H with HSIL and over lesion were both 100%., Conclusions: ASC-H strongly predicts the presence of HSIL, HR-HPV may serve as a predict select whether a patient with ASC-H should take colposcopic examination immediately, patients with positive HR-HPV should undergo immediate colposcopic examination, while negative HR-HPV is an excellent predictor of the absence of HSIL.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma (EN-NK/TCL) in Chinese patients., Methods: Fifty-five cases of EN-NK/TCL diagnosed in Chinese patients during the period from 1998 to 2007 were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. The follow-up information was analyzed., Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.89:1. The median age of the patients was 38 years. The commonest sites of involvement included nasal cavity and adjoining tissue (85.5%). Histologically, EN-NK/TCL was composed of small to medium-sized lymphoid cells. Angiocentric and angiodestructive growth patterns, coagulative tumor necrosis and apoptotic bodies were frequently observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that CD20, the B-cell marker, was negative in all cases. The positivity rates for T-cell markers CD3epsilon, CD4, CD5 and CD8 were 100% (49/49), 7% (3/46), 8% (4/48) and 63% (29/46), respectively. Most cases were also positive for NK-cell marker CD56 (79% 42/53). All cases expressed cytotoxic granule-associated proteins TIA-1 and granzyme B. Only 17% (8/46) of the cases were positive for anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. The proliferation index, as demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostain, varied: 30% (14/47) with a low Ki-67 expression level (< or = 29%), 28% (13/47) with a medium level (30%-59%) and 42% with a high level (> or = 60%). There was a significant positive correlation between the bcl-2 positive expression and a high Ki-67 expression level. In-situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA was positive in all cases. Amongst the 41 cases with clinical information available, 63.4% presented with Ann Arbor stage I to II. The performance status score was 1 in 87.8% cases. High lactate dehydrogenase level was demonstrated in some patients (31.8%). Amongst the 27 cases with follow-up data available, the median survival was 13 months. The overall 1-year, 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 52%, 31% and 20%, respectively. In general, cases with high proliferation index carried poor prognosis., Conclusions: EN-NK/TCL is a mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasm which can be accurately diagnosed by histologic examination, immunohistochemical study and in-situ hybridization. The prognosis is usually not favorable. Proliferation index of the tumor represents an independent prognostic factor.

Objective: To assess the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of the borderline tumor of ovary (BTO)., Methods: A retrospective analysis and comparison were done respectively between the accuracies of diagnoses made by using frozen and paraffin sections from the same tissue blocks for BTO from March 1995 to May 2008 achieved in the Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to assess the influence of patient and tumor characteristics on the likelihood of underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis., Results: Of the 73 patients analyzed, 39 cases (53.42%) were histologically serous tumors, 32 (43.84%) were mucinous and 2 (2.74%) were endometrioid tumors. Diagnoses identical in those made by using either frozen or routine paraffin sections were 55/73 (75.34%). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of frozen section diagnosis were 87.30% and 85.94%, respectively. Underdiagnosis of frozen section were 18/73 (24.66%). There was no overdiagnosis cases obtained. Univariate analysis showed that tumor diameter and tumor histology were the predictors of underdiagnosis in frozen section analysis. And in multivariate analysis, only tumor diameter, rather than patient age, tumor histology and stage, bilateral side tumor, serum CA-125 and concurrent presence of endometriosis was a predictor of underdiagnosis., Conclusions: Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of BTO has a low sensitivity and PPV. Underdiagnosis is not uncommon. Surgical management based on intraoperative frozen section diagnosis should be used with caution.

From late January to early February in 2008, Guangzhou suffered from the cold and humid rainy for 20 days, and the daily mean temperature was under 10 degrees C. In 794 species of medicinal plants in South China Botanical Garden, 78 species (9.8%) suffered from chilling injury. The reasons were analyzed and some useful suggestions were made.

Objective: Further investigation on the incidence and clinicopathologic features of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (BAC) including: (1) BAC of strictly defined, (2) adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features, (3) other different histologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas., Methods: Surgical specimens from 348 lung adenocarcinoma patients admitted in that hospital between 1998 - 2005 were included. And clinical data were collected at the same time. Patients of strictly defined BAC, BAC with focal invasion (BWFI), and adenomas with bronchioloalveolar features (AWBF) were followed-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics software and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed., Results: The resected lung adenocarcinomas consisted of different histologic subtypes. The most frequent one was adenocarcinoma of mixed subtypes (78.2%, 272/348), followed by the acinar type (8.1%, 28/348), the papillary type (4.0%, 14/348), the BAC (3.7%, 13/348), the mucinous (colloid) type (3.4%, 12/348) and the solid types (2.3%, 8/348). The fetal adenocarcinoma was the least component detected. There was no significant difference on the survival curves between groups BAC and BWFI. The survival rate of patients with AWBF was poorer than that of BAC and BWFI., Conclusions: Since patients with strictly defined (simple) BAC, BWFI, and AWBF have their own distinct clinicopathologic features and prognosis respectively, they should be strictly distinguished from other types of pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

Some important phenomena and behaviors concerned with the coordination effect between vapor water loss through plant stomata and liquid water supply in SPAC were discussed in this paper. A large amount of research results showed that plants show isohydric behavior when the plant hydraulic and chemical signals cooperate to promote the stomatal regulation of leaf water potential. The feedback response of stomata to the change of environmental humidity could be used to explain the midday depression of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis under drought condition, and also, to interpret the correlation between stomatal conductance and hydraulic conductance. The feed-forward response of stomata to the change of environmental humidity could be used to explain the hysteresis response of stomatal conductance to leaf-atmosphere vapor pressure deficit. The strategy for getting the most of xylem transport requires the rapid stomatal responses to avoid excess cavitation and the corresponding mechanisms for reversal of cavitation in short time.

Objective: To investigate the role of bcl-6 gene rearrangement and bcl-6 expression in three molecular subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its clinicopathological significance., Methods: Tissue microarray including 163 newly diagnosed DLBCL was constructed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the bcl-6 gene rearrangement and immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) was used to evaluate the expression of bcl-6, Ki-67, cyclin D3, Geminin and P27(Kip1) proteins in DLBCL. The association with clinicopathological features was analyzed., Results: One hundred and forty nine of 163 cases were further classified into three molecular subgroups: 40 cases of germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) type, 75 cases of activated non-germinal center B-cell-like (ABC) type, 34 cases of Type 3. Of these 149 cases, FISH for bcl-6 gene rearrangement was successful in 118 cases. bcl-6 gene rearrangement was observed in 33 of 118 (28.0%) cases. The bcl-6 gene rearrangement was more frequently seen in the ABC subgroup (22/62, 35.5%) than in GCB (6/31, 19.4%) and Type 3 subgroups (5/25, 20.0%, P=0.16). The correlation of bcl-6 gene rearrangement and expression of its encoded protein was further analyzed. Most of DLBCL (26/33, 78.8%) with bcl-6 gene rearrangement presented with overexpression of its encoded protein, which was higher than those without bcl-6 gene rearrangement (53/84, 62.4%, P=0.088). DLBCL with bcl-6 gene rearrangement (24/33, 72.7%) more frequently expressed cyclin D3, and had a higher proliferative activity than those without bcl-6 gene rearrangement (37/81, 45.7% , P=0.009). Twenty-nine of 33 (87.9%) cases of DLBCL with bcl-6 gene rearrangement presented with advanced stage (Ann Arbor stage III/IV), which was higher than those without bcl-6 gene rearrangement (65/85, 76.5% , P=0.167). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that bcl-6 gene rearrangement was associated with an increased relative risk (at 1.842) of death in DLBCL cases compared with those without bcl-6 gene rearrangement., Conclusion: Overexpression of bcl-6 protein caused by bcl-6 gene rearrangement may play some important roles in the development and/or progression of a subset of DLBCL.

Objective: To investigate the role of AIB1 gene in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its clinicopathologic significance., Methods: Two tissue microarrays, including 203 cases of ESCC, were prepared. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the amplification of AIB1 gene and expression of its encoded protein in ESCC. The results were correlated with various clinicopathologic parameters., Results: In the 203 cases of ESCC studied, FISH was successful in 115 cases. Amongst those, amplification/gain of AIB1 gene was observed in 15 cases, including high-level amplification in 5 cases (4.3%) and low-level gain in 10 cases (8.7%). As for immunohistochemical study, AIB1 protein was overexpressed in 94 cases of ESCC. There was a significant association of AIB1 overexpression and tumor staging. AIB1 was overexpressed in 66 of the 123 cases in advanced T stages (T3 to 4), compared with 25 of the 80 cases in early T stages (P = 0.008). Those cases with high-level amplification of AIB1 also showed overexpression of its encoded protein. On the other hand, 8 of the 10 cases with low-level gain of AIB1 showed protein overexpression. The remaining 41 of the 100 cases which did not have AIB1 gene amplification/gain demonstrated overexpression of AIB1 protein., Conclusion: Overexpression of AIB1 protein caused by gene amplification/gain or other molecular mechanisms may play an important role in the development and/or progression of a subset of ESCC.

Objective: To study the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the architecture of the optic radiation fiber tracts of normal adults with magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)., Methods: Diffusion tensor images were obtained from 30 healthy volunteers without any cerebral abnormalities on conventional MRI. FA and the mean diffusivity (MD) of the optic radiation were measured in the directional encoded color (DEC) maps. The architecture of the optic radiation fiber tracts were displayed with the software of diffusion tensor fiber tracking., Results: In all subjects, the optic radiation could be readily identified in the DEC maps. The FA value was 0.509-/+0.029 in the left and 0.502-/+0.026 in the right, with the MD value of (0.763-/+0.050) x10(-3) and 0.748-/+0.052)x10(-3) mm2/s, respectively. No significant differences were found in the FA or MD value of the bilateral optic radiation (P>0.05). Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) demonstrated that the 3 bundles of the optic radiation fibers were located in the lateral sagittal stratum, passing from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus to the primary visual cortex. The dorsal and lateral bundles passed posteriorly to the superior bank of the calcarine cortex, while the ventral bundle passed anteriorly before making a sharp turn, known as the Meyer loop, and subsequently coursed posteriorly to terminate in the inferior margin of the calcarine cortex, which was consistent with the results of classic anatomical studies., Conclusion: As a novel method to study the relationship between visual function and optic pathway, DTI and DTT can show the FA and architecture of the optic radiation.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of tumors showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation (PEComas)., Methods: The clinicopathologic data of 39 cases pf angiomyolipoma (AML), 17 males and 22 females, with the primary focus in the kidney on 30 cases, in the liver in 4 cases, in the lung, uterus and broad ligament, abdominal wall, retroperitoneum, and nasal cavity in 1 case respectively, were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (HIC) was used to detect the expression of pan-cytokeratin (CK), S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, vimentin, HMB45, Melan-A, microphthalmia transcription factor (MiTF), CD117, and CD34 in the specimens of the tumors obtained during operation. Twenty patients were followed up., Results: Pathological examination showed branched capillaries or arterioles, often thick-walled similar to those in the renal cell carcinoma, and the cancerous cells consisting of the mixture of epithelial cells and spindle cells. HIC showed that the expression rates of Melan-A, HMB45, MITF, SMA, desmin, S-100 protein, vimentin, CD117, CK, and CD34 were 95% (37/39), 72% (32/39), 46% (18/39), 82% (32/39), 27% (10/39), 15% (6/39), 82% (32/39), 10% (4/39), 0, and 0 respectively. Clinical follow-up showed 1 patient alive with tumor, and 19 alive free from disease., Conclusion: PEComas have distinctive morphological and immunohistochemical features.

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of p16(INK4a) in squamous intraepithelial lesion in gynecologic cytology and its relationship with types of human papillomavirus (HPV)., Methods: 88 liquid-based gynecologic cytology cases with histologic correlation, including 20 cases of cervicitis, 18 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 34 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 16 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), were enrolled into the study. Immunocytochemistry for p16(INK4a) protein and polymerase chain reaction-based HPV DNA testing (for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68, as well as HPV types 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44) were performed., Results: The rate of expression of p16(INK4a) protein was 0, 27.8%, 100% and 100% in the cervicitis group, LSIL group, HSIL group and SCC group, respectively. The expression was significantly higher in the latter 3 groups than that in the cervicitis group (P < 0.01). Besides, the expression was significantly higher in cases associated with high-risk HPV genotypes (96.4%) than in cases associated with low-risk HPV genotypes (7.7%)., Conclusion: p16(INK4a) is a valuable biomarker for detection of HPV-related dysplastic squamous cells, with high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective: Gene expression profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of different immunophenotypes., Methods: The study included 156 cases of DLBCL, which were subclassified by immunohistochemistry including CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1. Affymetrix U133 plus2.0 oligonucleotide microarrays were used to obtain differential gene expression profiling of 9 DLBCL (3 representative cases from each immunophenotypical group) and 3 tonsils. Clinical stages of all 9 lymphomas were Ann Arbor stage IV., Results: The immunohistochemistry subclassified 156 cases of DLBCL into 3 groups: CD10(+) and/or bcl-6(+), MUM1(-) (group 1); CD10(+) and/or bcl-6(+), MUM1(+) (group 2); CD10(-) and bcl-6(-), MUM1(+) (group 3). By gene expression array, 9 lymphomas and 3 tonsils were clustered in an unsupervised fashion into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), which were in accordance with the immunophenotypical groups (group 1, 2, 3 and normal). A total of 81 genes were markedly decreased and 86 genes were over-expressed in all DLBCL groups. Although Group B lymphomas showed mixed immunophenotypical features of both germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (Group A) and activated B-cell-like lymphomas (Group C), gene profile clustering showed that Group B was dissimilar to Group A or Group C, with 45 over-expressed and 27 uniquely expressed genes., Conclusions: Gene expression profiling indicates that DLBCL can be subgrouped at the molecular level and can be identified by immunophenotyping. The gene expression profile of Group B lymphomas suggests that factors other than the cell-of-origin may contribute to the pathogenesis of DLBCL.

Objective: To study the differential diagnosis between nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL)., Methods: 15 cases of NLPHL and 16 cases of TCRBCL were studied on both morphology and immunophenotype according to the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms. SP-immunohistochemical staining were performed on paraffin sections. In situ hybridization for EBER1/2 and gene rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) were carried out in 3 cases of NLPHL and 4 cases of TCRBCL, respectively., Results: Histologically, a few atypical large cells scattered in a background of small lymphocytes with or without histiocytes were a common finding in both NLPHL and TCRBCL. Of NLPHL, nodular pathern predominated in 11 cases, diffuse patterns without nodules in 3 cases and one case showed nodular and diffuse pattern intermixed with a increased number of large cells. 14 cases of TCRBCL showed diffuse pattern. One case with micronodular pattern involving the splenic white pulp. One case showed a combination of nodules of NLPHL, diffuse areas of TCRBCL and a sheet of large cells of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) within the same lymph node biopsy specimen. Immunophenotypically, the large cells showed and CD20, CD79a, bcl-6 and EMA positive, and CD15, CD30, CD3, CD45RO and LMP-1 negative. In NLPHL, small B cells and CD57 positive cells were common, whereas in TCRBCL, TIA-1 positive cytotoxic cells and histiocytes dominated, small B cells were scarce or absent. EBER1/2 were negative and gene rearrangement of IgH was found in all tested 3 cases of NLPHL and 4 cases of TCRBCL, respectively., Conclusion: There are some morphologic and immunophenotypic resemblance between NLPHL and TCRBCL. A combination of the morphological characteristics and the reactivity of the background cells for CD57 and TIA-1 seem to reliably discriminate between the entities and should therefore help to increase the interobserver reproducibility of diagnosis in the gray zone around Hodgkin lymphomas.

Objective: To detect mesorectal metastasis of middle and lower rectal cancer and to evaluate its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics., Methods: Cancer specimens resected from 56 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer who received total mesorectal excision were examined by routine pathologic observation. The relationship between mesorectal metastasis and clinicopathologic characteristics of middle and lower rectal cancer was also investigated., Results: Mesorectal metastasis was detected in 36 (64.3%) of 56 cancer specimens. In 18 cancer specimens with tumor diameter > or = 5 cm, 15 (83.3%) were detected mesorectal metastasis, while in 38 cancer specimens with tumor diameter < 5 cm only 21 (55.3%) were detected mesorectal metastasis (P = 0.041). Mesorectal metastasis was more frequent in T(3) cancer specimens (81.5%) and T(2) cancer specimens (56.6%), compared with T(1) cancer specimens (1/6) (P = 0.007). 85.7% poorly differentiated cancer specimens were detected mesorectal metastasis, while moderate and well-differentiated cancer specimens were only 63.2% and 1/5 respectively (P = 0.028). Mesorectal metastasis was more frequent in stage III cancer specimens (100%), compared with stage II and I cancer specimens (27.3% and 1/5 respectively, P = 0.000). No significant correlations were found between mesorectal metastasis and other variables such as age, gender and Ming classification (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Mesorectal metastasis of middle and lower rectal cancer has significant correlation with tumor diameter, tumor invasion, tumor differentiation and TNM stage. Total mesorectal excision or > or = 5 cm mesorectal distal to the rectal tumor should be followed in the management of middle and lower rectal cancer.

Objective: To examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and to evaluate its correlation with mesorectal metastasis in middle and lower rectal cancer., Methods: The resected primary tumors from 56 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer who received total mesorectal excision were studied from Dec. 2001 to Jul. 2003., Results: The MMP-2 expression was positive in 42 (75%) cases. The positive rate of MMP-2 expression was 88.9% in T3 tumors and 69.6 % in T2 tumors respectively, while only 33.3% in T1 tumors (P=0.013). MMP-2 was positive in 91.2% (31/34) infiltrative rectal carcinomas while 40.0% (6/15) expansive rectal carcinomas (P=0.001). Mesorectal metastasis was detected in 36 (64.3%) of 56 cases. The expression of MMP-2 was positive in 31 (86.1%) of the 36 patients with mesorectal metastasis, while in 11(55%) of the 20 patients without mesorectal metastasis (P=0.01)., Conclusions: The expression of MMP-2 in middle and lower rectal cancer is significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion and Ming classifications. The high expression of MMP-2 may play an important role in the development of mesorectal metastasis in middle and lower rectal cancer.

Objective: To study the histology, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL)., Methods: A review of 245 cases of so-called Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed during the period from 1980 to 2000 in 3 hospitals in Guangzhou, 8 cases were reclassified as TCRBCL, according to the 2001 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. An additional 8 cases of TCRBCL were retrieved from consultation files, as well as routine biopsy cases encountered between 2000 and 2004. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue by SP technique in order to study the immunophenotype of the large neoplastic cells (CD20, CD79a, CD3, CD45RO, CD15, CD30, CD10, bcl-6 and EMA) and background non-neoplastic cells (CD3, CD8, CD20, CD45RO, CD79a, CD57, CD68, CD21, CD35, cyclin D1, TIA-1). In-situ hybridization for EBER 1/2 and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement study were also performed in 4 and 4 cases respectively., Results: Among the TCRBCL cases studied, there were 8 males and 8 females. The age of patients ranged from 10 to 68 years old (mean = 40.3 years old). All had lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. On presentation, 3 cases belonged to stage II, 10 cases stage III and 3 cases stage IV. Histologically, scattered atypical large neoplastic cells were seen in a background of small lymphocytes and sometimes histiocytes. The large cells exhibited CD20+, CD79a+, EMA+, CD15- and CD30- phenotype. On the other hand, the background small lymphocytes were CD3 and CD45RO-positive. Most of these background T cells expressed CD8 and TIA-1, while they were mostly CD57-negative. The histiocytic cells were CD68-positive; and CD21 and CD35-positive follicular dendritic cell meshworks were absent. In-situ hybridization for EBER 1/2 showed negative nuclear signals. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement study revealed clonal pattern in all the 4 cases tested., Conclusions: TCRBCL is a rare subtype of lymphoma, with distinctive histology and immunophenotype. The above features are helpful in delineating this entity from Hodgkin lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.