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Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), as the oxides of the most abundant elements in rare earths, have been widely used in biomedical and industrial production and other fields that are closely related to human life. China is a large country in resources and production of rare earth, and the impact of CeO2 NPs on human health has been increasingly concerned. In response to the possible health risks of CeO2 NPs, researchers begin to focus on their toxic effects on living organisms, especially on the reproductive system. The male reproductive system is not only responsible for producing sperm and regulating the secretion of testosterone, but also plays a key role in maintaining male sexual characters and function. Any adverse effects on the male reproductive system may lead to reduced fertility and reproductive dysfunction. Some studies have shown that long-term exposure to CeO2 NPs may lead to gonadal damage, sex hormone disorders, and other problems in male animals. Therefore, an in-depth study of the potential effects of CeO2 NPs on the male reproductive system is of great scientific significance and practical value. In this study, we reviewed the male reproductive toxicity of CeO2 NPs in terms of spermatogenic cells, spermatozoa structure, blood-testis barrier, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and functional changes in epididymis, and analyzed the effects of the size and shape of physicochemical parameters of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity to male reproductive system. The findings will provide a theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the rational use of CeO2 NPs.

With the continuous expansion of satellite constellation, this paper analyzed the characteristics of mega constellation, and summarized the capability requirements of routing algorithms for mega constellation from two aspects of networking transmission and service requirements, included reducing signaling overhead, load balancing, fault recovery, and guaranteeing QoS.In addition, it introduced the routing methods, algorithms, and their performances that were applicable to mega constellation.It looked forward to the future related technology directions for mega constellation, included software defined network, area division management, artificial intelligence, and computing power routing, with the aim of providing reference for the construction of 6G satellite Internet.

Low earth orbit satellite communication network is an important part of the internet of everything era, but the characteristics of satellite constellation topology such as high dynamic, limited heterogeneous resources and unbalanced network service capacity make the traditional routing protocol applied to the ground network no longer suitable for low earth orbit satellite network.In this regard, scholars at home and abroad had carried out extensive research on low-orbit satellite routing technology.Firstly, the research status of low-orbit satellite routing was discussed from inter-satellite routing and satellite-to-ground routing, and the inter-satellite routing technologies with business as the core and topology as the core were compared in detail.On this basis, the key problems faced by low-orbit satellite routing strategies were analyzed, namely, high dynamic network topology, large inter-satellite link propagation delay, uneven network load and limited on-board resources.The future research of routing technology was prospected accordingly.

Aiming at the structural complexity of chain drive system and the difficulty in tension distribution analysis of the scraper chain，the tension distributed characteristics of the scraper chain are studied based on the design of state observer.A chain-drive virtual prototype model is constructed by the Adams simulation software，and the discrete mathematical model of the chain drive system is then established based on the finite element analysis.Through design of the state observer，the estimation of tension distribution of the scraper chains is accomplished，so as to provide an effective basis for the operation status assessment of the scraper conveyor.

As the 5G mobile network is closely integrated with government, medical, financial and other industries related to national economy and people’s livelihood, the security of the data carried by 5G network is crucial.5G data and flow scenarios were firstly analyzed, then 5G data was classified.Combining with the protection requirements of the life cycle of data, an innovative 5G data security labeling model based on graph database was proposed, which could meet the protection requirements of static classification and dynamic flow simultaneously.Based on this model, 5G data security protection mechanism was constructed from three aspects of node security, data flow monitoring and data security risk disposal, realizing life-cycle protection of 5G data.

Safety factor is one of the important parameters for pipeline integrity assessment, but only the impact of the safety level of the place where the pipeline is located is considered in the traditional assessment method, so the actual safety status of pipeline cannot be assessed comprehensively. Here, the relevant risk factors of pipeline were extracted, the relative importance of factors was compared, a scoring system was established to feature the different risk states, and thereby, the safety factor was modified according to the risk score obtained, so that the modified safety factor could reflect the actual risk state of the defective pipeline section. Combined with the self-learning characteristics of the radial basis function network method, a calculation model of pipeline safety factor based on radical basis function network was established with risk factors as the input and the modified safety factor as the output. The calculated safety factor from the model training is in good agreement with the test sample value, which verifies the accuracy of this model. The results show that the modified safety factor introduces the influence of other important risk factors on the basis of the regional level, which provides a new idea for determining the value of safety factor in the pipeline integrity assessment.

The vibration of oil pump set and its inlet and outlet pipes during their operation is one of the main threats to the safe and stable operation of pipeline. Herein, the source of excitation force and the vibration causes of pipeline system were analyzed, and the diagnosis method was put forward. In view of the vibration phenomenon of the oil pump inlet and outlet pipelines of a long distance pipeline, vibration detection and analysis were conducted for the oil pump and its inlet and outlet pipelines respectively by means of vibration test. For the maximum effective value of the vibration speed of the oil pump inlet and outlet pipelines was up to 9.28 mm/s and the peak speed was up to 13.12 mm/s, pipeline correction was required. Considering the factors such as the process parameters and vibration spectrum, it was found that the cause of pipeline vibration was the fluid pulse excitation generated by the oil pump. It was recommended to replace the pump with an impeller with smaller rated flow, so as to reduce the fluid pulse and further to eliminate the vibration excitation source of the pipeline system. After pump replacement, the maximum effective value of the vibration speed of pipeline was 3.19 mm/s and the peak speed was 4.51 mm/s. The results indicate that the vibration is significantly reduced, verify that the pipeline vibration is caused by the fluid pulse excitation produced by the oil pump, and guarantee the safe operation of oil pipeline.

To solve the problem of identifying short text data accurately,a method of short text strategy mining based on sub-semantic space was proposed.Firstly,semantic space technology was used to solve the problem of “vocabularygap” and “data sparseness” in short text analysis.Then,based on clustering algorithm,the semantic space was divided into several sub-semantic spaces,and association rules were mined in the sub-semantic space,which improved the efficiency and quality of strategy generation.Finally,binary tree was used to merge strategies and generate the simplest strategy set.Experiments show that compared with the traditional classification model,the accuracy rate of the strategy set generated by the proposed scheme can achieve 85% when the false positive rate is 6.5%.In the processing of illegal short messages,using this technology to mine potential policy sets has strong coverage ability,high accuracy and strong practicability.

Tailings consolidation discharge can effectively solve the problem of tailings disposal. However, the tailings pile after consolidation is mostly on the surface, and its performance is greatly affected by the natural environment. Freeze-thaw cycles are widespread in northern China. Freeze-thaw has a great influence on the strength, ultrasonic velocity, and electrical resistance characteristics of cemented mass. To explore the damage evolution state and mechanism of the cemented mass of unclassified tailings under freeze-thaw cycle, in this paper, a series of freeze-thaw tests on a cemented mass of unclassified tailings from the Lilou iron mine were performed. Then the cemented mass samples after different runs of freeze-thaw tests were used to conduct uniaxial compressive strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, resistivity test, and ultrasonic wave velocity test. Quantitative analysis of surface crack images of samples was performed using MATLAB-based binarized digital image processing technology, and a test method for joint testing of freeze-thaw cycle damage of cemented mass specimens using electrical resistivity (ER) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing techniques was proposed. The results indicate that the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) decreases with increase in freeze-thaw cycles. The greatest decline is for the UCS of cemented mass subjected to 0–5 freeze-thaw cycles. The damage of the cemented mass in the freeze-thaw cycle is a gradual accumulation process. The development process of the apparent degradation characteristics of the cemented mass of unclassified tailings is as follows: micro-fracture initiation → fracture extension development → outer layer failure → internal structure failure; the higher the initial strength of the cemented mass, the fewer the number of surface cracks. The internal microstructure changes from dense to loose. The UCS of the cemented mass is positively correlated with the ER and the UPV, following the logarithmic function relationship, and the nondestructive testing models of UCS-ER and UCS-UPV are established. It is shown that the ER and UPV can accurately and comprehensively evaluate the damage state in cemented mass of unclassified tailings.

To satisfy the technical requirements of eMBB,mMTC and uRLLC in 5G application scenarios,wireless edge intelligence sinks core capabilities of computing,caching and network to the edge of radio access network,as well as introduces technologies such as deep learning/artificial intelligence into the edge cloud,thereby enabling digital life,digital society and digital industry.Firstly,the concept,challenges and opportunities of wireless edge intelligence were clarified.Moreover,the platform deployment of wireless edge intelligence was analyzed.Finally,the possible future deployment directions of wireless edge intelligence were discussed.

Abstract: Based on the theory of non-Darcy seepage, a mathematical model for CO2 miscible and immiscible concurrent flooding considering changes of oil viscosity and threshold pressure gradient of oil and CO2 is established. A computational method of critical well spacing of CO2 miscible and immiscible concurrent flooding in ultra-low permeability reservoirs is deduced by solving the distribution of CO2 concentration in miscible flooding area with the mass transfer-diffusion-absorption equation and solving the saturation equation of immiscible affected area with characteristic line method. A critical well spacing example is built in the F142 and G89 reservoir blocks and the results show: (1) The critical well spacing increases with gas injection pressure, while decreases with gas injection speed; (2) The contribution of length in pure CO2 seepage area to the critical well spacing is the largest, the contribution of length in CO2-Oil effective mass transfer area and immiscible affected area is secondary, the contribution of pure oil area is the least, the gap of length between pure CO2 seepage area and CO2-Oil effective mass transfer area and immiscible affected area decreases with gas injection speed and it increases with the decreasing of gas injection speed, meanwhile, the law is more significant; (3) Pressure drop gradient of miscible affected area is significantly different from that of immiscible affected area and pressure drop gradient of CO2-Oil effective mass transfer area in miscible affected area is bigger than that of immiscible affected area. Key words: ultra-low permeability reservoirs, miscible flooding, immiscible flooding, critical well spacing, threshold pressure gradient

The statistical characteristics of the network state changes were analyzed by using the CTMC model.Considering the difference of each secondary user’s sensing ability,two integer programming problems on cooperative sensing scheduling scheme were established from two aspects:the primary users and the secondary users respectively.A discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to solve the integer programming problems,and compared with the traditional random scheduling scheme and greedy scheduling scheme based on SNR.The simulation results show that the cooperative sensing scheduling scheme based on discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is superior to random scheduling scheme and greedy scheduling scheme based on the SNR,which gets a higher spectrum sensing accuracy.

Energy harvesting（EH）is becoming a promising technology for future wireless communication network for its potential of saving nonrenewable energy and making the communication environmentally friendly. However, due to the unpredictable and intermittent nature of energy source, the capacity of storage devices, as well as the unpredictable nature of the communication channel and users' arriving data, the road to the communication system powered solely by harvested energy is plagued with potholes. Despite this, remarkable progress has been made in applying energy harvesting to wireless communications. An extensive survey on the current development status and main research fields was made, and the most common used model, system framework and optimization methods were analyzed carefully. Finally the future development for applying EH to communication systems was concluded.

Background and objective Recent studies indicated that Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with mutant K-RAS failed to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and the cancer did not respond to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These findings indicated that K-RAS gene status can be a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of EGFR TKIs. The aim of this study is to analyze K-RAS gene mutations with NSCLC patients in Cancer Center of Sun Yet-sen University. Methods 52 fresh frozen tumor tissues were collected and K-RAS genes were amplified by PCR. Then PCR amplification fragments were sequenced and analyzed. Results Somatic mutations in the codon 12 of K-RAS gene in tumors were identified from 2 of 52 (3.8%) patients. There were no relationships among K-RAS gene mutations and gender, pathology, smoking, differentiation and stage. Conclusion The frequency of K-RAS gene mutations with NSCLC in our center is very low and is similar to that in Asia patients, and is lower than that in Caucasian population.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive electrical brain stimulation method and has attracted wide attention in the field of cognitive neuroscience. However, patients may experience varying degrees of adverse events during tDCS treatment, such as slight pruritus, pricking pain, and burning sensation. In order to effectively reduce adverse events, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of tDCS under different conditions. This article reviews the adverse events caused by tDCS and analyzes related causes and methods for avoidance, so as to provide a reference for the development of safety guidelines.

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory evaluation were used to study the chemical flavor and sensory characteristics of sauce-flavor baijiu from four different origins in China. Totally 152 volatile compounds were identified, including esters, alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes. Through partial least squares discriminant analysis, 17 differential markers with variable importance in projection (VIP) value greater than 1 were selected from the 39 main volatile compounds to distinguish sauce-flavor baijiu from different origins. Sensory evaluation showed differences in the flavor characteristics of baijiu samples from the four origins which could be effectively identified by sensory evaluation and gas chromatography (GC). This study also clarified the material basis of the flavor difference, whose results provide a theoretical basis for the design of sauce-flavor baijiu body.

In view of the imperfection of the pipe-jacking pipeline corrosion parameter detection device and testing system，a set of flexible surrounding pipeline detection device was designed.With the support of ground test pile，this device could measure relevant potential and current easily，meeting the data requirements of corrosion risk assessment.Finally，the resistivity calculation of the anti-corrosion layer based on the current potential method，the judgment of the damage point of the anti-corrosion layer based on the close interval potential (CIPS)，the diagnosis of the sacrificial anode performance based on the current trend，and the prediction of the corrosion rate based on the current density of the test piece were established.Furthermore，the single risk assessment methods regarding the electrical resistivity of the anti-corrosion layer，the damage point，the sacrificial anode performance，the cathodic protection effect and the corrosion rate were formulated.The comprehensive evaluation system of corrosion risk of the local monitoring points and the whole pipe section was established，which would have great guiding significance for the preventive management of the pipeline.

When the tail of an undersea vehicle passes through the seal ring, complex characteristics—such as high speed and separation flow—arise during the connection process of the bottom of the launch tube and the seal cavity. Considering these characteristics and using the dynamic boundary unsteady value simulation, the flow field evolution and pressure fluctuation characteristics in the vehicle-tube gap were studied under different initial pressure ratios and vehicle speeds. The results show that the instantaneous speed of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas at the bottom of the tube can exceed the speed of sound when entering the gap cavity in the initial stage of the tail connection. The airflow is reflected after hitting the seal ring away from the bottom of the tube and produces violent flow oscillations and pressure fluctuations. Owing to the movement of the vehicle, the connection area increases and the impact peak amplitude gradually decreases. The amplitude of pressure fluctuation increases linearly with the initial pressure ratio. When the initial pressure ratio is 3.0, the relative peak and valley values of the pressure fluctuation can reach 1.4 times and 0.5 times of the initial pressure, respectively. When the speed of the vehicle increases, the leakage rate and peak pressure increase and the time of occurrence is advanced; meanwhile, the pressure fluctuation period remains unchanged under the above parameters.

Adversarial intelligent game is an advanced research in decision-making problem of intelligence cognitive.With the support of large computing power,game theory and reinforcement learning represented by counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious self-play respectively,are state-of-the-art approaches in searching strategies.However,the relationship between these two paradigms is not entirely explored.For adversarial intelligent game problems,this paper defines the connotation and extension of adversarial intelligent game,studies the development history of adversarial intelligent game,and summarizes the key challenges.From the perspectives of game theory and reinforcement learning,the models and algorithms of intelligent game are introduced.This paper conducts a comparative study from game theory and reinforcement learning,including the methods and framework,the main purpose is to promote the advance of intelligent game,and lay a foundation for the development of general artificial intelligence.

Aiming at the complex network security situation prediction problem,a network security situation prediction model based on improved particle swarm optimization bidirectional long-short term memory(IPSO-BILSTM) network is proposed to improve the convergence speed and prediction accuracy.Firstly,in view of the lack of real situation value in the data set,a situation value calculation method based on attack influence is adopted for situation prediction.Secondly,to address the problems that particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is prone to fall into local optima and unbalanced search capability,the inertia weights and acceleration factors are improved,and the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm has balanced global and local search capability and faster convergence speed.Finally,IPSO is used to optimize the parameters of bidirectional long short term memory(BiLSTM) network,so as to improve the prediction ability.Experimental results show that the fitting degree of IPSO-BiLSTM can reach 0.994 6,and the fitting effect and convergence speed are better than other models.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia plays an important role in the mechanism of various adverse reactions of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Epigenetic process participates in the occurrence and development of OSA and complications by affecting adaptive potential and phenotypic variation under chronic intermittent hypoxia. Therefore, understanding the effect of epigenetic regulation on OSA is helpful to provide new ideas for clinical phenotype and targeted therapy of OSA.

From August 2010 to August 2020, there were 3 cases of pathologically diagnosed alveolar adenoma (AA) were reported in Peking Union Medical College Hospital so far, which was a rare benign neoplasm of the lung. The clinical manifestations and radiological characteristics on computer tomography of AA were heterogenous among these patients and lacked specificities. The difficulty in predictive differentiation of benign or malignant characteristic of the lesion led to some confusions in clinical practices. This paper reported 2 cases of AA and reviewed the literature of AA. Its clinical, radiographical and pathological characters were analyzed, so to provide more knowledge and improve the differential diagnosis of this disease.

Objective To compare the differences of cardiotoxicity of alcohol extract from root, stem and leaf of Chloranthus serratus in the rats, and discuss preliminarily its mechanism of toxicity. Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank, root alcohol, stem alcohol and leaf alcohol, with 8 in each group. After 14 days of continuous intragastric administration, the body mass change curves were drawn. The cardiac coefficient was calculated. The contents of creatine kinase （CK）, creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase （α-HBDH） as well as the content changes of oxidative stress indexes — total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the serum of rats were detected. The cardiac pathomorphology changes in the rats were observed. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM-1） and heme oxygenase （HO-1） in myocardial tissue was detected. Results Body mass growth rate： stem alcohol group was the smallest, followed by leaf alcohol group. The difference of cardiac coefficient of every group had no statistical significance （P>0.05）. The myocardial tissues of stem alcohol group suffered the most serious damage, followed by the leaf alcohol group. The contents of CK, CK-MB, LDH and α-HBDH in stem alcohol group increased （P leaf alcohol > root alcohol group. Conclusion The alcohol extract from the stem has the highest cardiotoxicity, followed by the leaf extract, and its mechanism of toxicity may be related to oxidative stress.

A PDE-based adaptive anisotropic model for image registration was proposed to solve the problem that tradi-tional optical flow brings on the image blurring and details losing.The new model introduces adaptivity image registration,and defines anisotropic diffusion function with the ability of preserving image structure as the regu-larization term;the data term use a non-quadratic penalty function with the assumption in brightness constant to improve the robust of the model.The experimental results show that the model can efficiently protect the image structure and achieve accurate registration of the complex image like brain.

According to the character of mesh topology and character of the different types of mesh nodes,the multi-hop wireless mesh network was modeled as clustered P2P.Moreover,in order to save the message bandwidth,the Bloom filter as the message to represent the resource list abstract was used,and the message was transmitted among the constructed P2P clusters.To minimize the downloading interruption due to mobility of clients,a resource-density-sensitive resource query and dissemination algorithm in which the query was transmitted to the cluster that had the maximum number of replica resources was proposed.The simulation results show that the proposed resource query and distribution algorithm can provide appealing resource downloading performance.

One hundred and twenty patients with hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage were treated by different methods according to clinical situation and patients or family members. In this study 33 patients died: 7 patients were treated with conservative therapy, 6 patients with bilateral ventricle drainage, 8 patients with bilateral ventricle drainage plus hematoma puncture and aspiration, 12 patients with hematoma evacuation and decompressive cranioectomy. Comparison between different treatments revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The treatment for hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage should be treated by different methods according to various clinical conditions to obtain better outcome. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.04.020

Objective: To compare the difference of protein expression between the post-overwintering stage and the diapauses preparation stage in Culex pipiens pallens , so as to reveal the mechanisms underlying the overwintering diapause of Cx. pipienspallens ., Methods: A quantitative proteomic analysis was performed in Cx. pipiens pallens before and after overwintering diapause by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling., Results: A total of 244 differentially expressed proteins were identified in Cx. pipiens pallens before and after overwintering diapause, including 126 up-regulated proteins and 118 down-regulated proteins. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were linked to function and energy production and conversion, lipid metabolism, remodeling of cytoskeleton, carbohydrate metabolism, protein transport, molecular chaperones, stress tolerance and metabolic enzymes., Conclusions: This is the first study to identify the overwintering diapause-related proteins in Cx. pipiens pallens using proteomics tools, which reveals KEGG pathways and GO terms associated with the overwintering diapauses of Cx. pipiens pallens. Our findings provide additional understandings pertaining to the mechanisms underlying the overwintering diapauses of Cx. pipiens pallens .

Objective: To investigate the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Taibai Lake area of Jining City, and evaluate the application effects of two mosquito trapping tools (Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp and WJ-C mosquito sampler), so as to provide references for the effective surveillance, prevention and control of local mosquito vectors., Methods: The overnight capture of mosquitoes with a man-bait net trap, Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp, and WJ-C mosquito sampler was performed to collect mosquitoes. The species of adult mosquitoes and seasonal fluctuations were investigated and analyzed., Results: A total of 10 914 mosquitoes belonging to 13 species, 5 genera were collected with the overnight capture of mosquitoes with the man-bait net trap, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens palllen and Mansonia uniformis were the dominant species, accounting for 77.41% of the total. The proportion of Coquillettidia ochracea increased significantly. All the adult mosquitoes appeared in June, and reached the density peak in July and August. Both of the two surveillance tools showed relatively sensitive capture performance against mosquitoes. The trapping results of WJ-C mosquito sampler were basically the same as the man-bait trapping method, however, the amount of Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia ochracea collected by Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp was significantly lower than that of the man-bait trapping method., Conclusions: The mosquito species are varied in Taibai Lake area of Jining City. Therefore, monitoring should be strengthened. In addition, the two mosquito trapping tools are sensitive, but they have both advantages and disadvantages, thus we should better pay attention to the consistency of monitoring methods in use.

Objective: To understand the ecological habits of Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong Province in winter., Methods: From December 2015 to January 2016, the overwintering conditions of Cx. pipiens pallens were investigated in Shandong Province., Results: In Shandong Province, in rural districts, the overwintering places of Cx. pipiens pallens were basements, wells and caves; and in urban areas, they were air raid shelters, holes of city walls, sewers and flower cellars., Conclusions: In Shandong Province, the overwintering places of Cx. pipiens pallens are mainly basements and holes, which are under high temperature and humidity, and away from light. Its larvae cannot overwinter.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of gene sequence of mtDNA-COⅠ of Culex pipiens pallens from different geographical regions in Shandong Province and different resistant strains from the lab and five common mosquito species, and analyze the genetic diversity of these mosquitoes., Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected from Jinan, Jining, Qingdao cities and other places in Shandong Province. The sensitive, dichlorvos-resistant, pyrethroid-resistant and propoxur-resistant strains were reared in the lab. Five species of mosquito ( Cx. pipiens pallens , Cx. tritaeniorhynchus , Anopheles sinensis , Aedes albopictus , and Armigeres subalbatus ) were collected from Jining City and identified in the lab. mtDNA-COⅠwas specifically amplified by PCR and sequenced. The gene sequences were compared and analyzed by the biological information systems, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed., Results: The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of Cx. pipiens pallens from eight different cities and four different resistant strains were 528 bp in length, with 67.4% A+T contents and two mutation sites. The nucleotide sequence homology among the different geographic strains was 99.95% and the gene sequences of the four resistant strains were the same, showing a high homogeny. The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of the five species of mosquitoes were 528 bp with 408 conserved sites, 120 variable sites, 42 parsimony informative sites and 78 singleton sites. The A+T contents were between 65.7% and 68.0%. The nucleotide sequence homology among the different mosquito species was between 86.17% and 92.05%, and the molecular identification was consistent with the traditional morphological identification. The molecular phylogenetic study showed that the different species were clustered at their own branch at the species and genus levels, while genera Armigeres was distantly related to the others., Conclusions: mtDNA-COⅠcould not serve as the molecular marker to analyze the population genetic variation and phylogenesis of Cx. pipiens pallens from different geographical regions and different resistant strains, but it has species and genus specificities, which could be used for the identification of the mosquito species and genus.

Objective: To investigate the species, density and distribution of the overwintering adult mosquitoes in Taibaihu District, Jining City., Methods: The overwintering adult mosquitoes were monitored by visual observation in Taibaihu District, Jining City from December 2015 to March 2016. The mosquitoes were collected and dissected to observe the body fat accumulation and ovarian development situation., Results: Totally 1 677 mosquitoes were captured and all of them were Culex pipiens pallens . The highest positive rate of overwintering mosquitoes was in sweet potato cellars and greenhouses, with the positive rates of mosquitoes of 98.25% (56/57) and 81.36% (48/59) respectively. The accumulation of the fat body in the female mosquitoes plummeted from late February, and disappeared in middle March., Conclusions: The adults of Culex pipiens pallens can over-winter in Taibaihu District, Jining City, and locate in sweet potato cellars and greenhouses mainly. The control work of adult mosquitoes should be strengthened in the overwintering period.

Objective: This study aims to observe the effect of orbital implant lengths on stress distribution in peri-implant surfaces., Methods: The three-dimensional finite element analysis models of craniofacial and orbital implants with a diameter of 3.75 mm and lengths of 3, 4, 6, and 10 mm were established. A force of 20 N was applied to the models. The stress and displacement distribution under every condition were recorded and analyzed., Results: The loading direction along the implant axis and the stress concentration on the implant root were observed. The loading direction was at a 45 degree angle relative to the implant axis, and the stress concentration was located at the implant neck and the first screw thread. The maximum stress of the 3 mm implant was significantly higher than that under the other two loading directions. The maximum displacement of the four lengths exhibited no significant change. Given the same implant length, stress, and displacement, the peak of the implant axial direction was lower than that of the 45 degree direction. The loading type was an important factor influencing the stress and displacement of peri-implant bones., Conclusion: The implants of more than 4 mm length can be considered for clinical use. The implant of 3 mm length should be implanted in a region with thicker cortical bone.

Two high-density snap-shot samplings were conducted along the Yincungang canal, one important tributary of the Lake Tai, in April (low flow period) and June (high flow period) of 2010. Geostatistical analysis based on the river network distance was used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the pollutant concentrations along the canal with an emphasis on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN). Study results have indicated: (1) COD and TN concentrations display distinctly different spatial and temporal patterns between the low and high flow periods. COD concentration in June is lower than that in April, while TN concentration has the contrary trend. (2) COD load is relatively constant during the period between the two monitoring periods. The spatial correlation structure of COD is exponential for both April and June, and the change of COD concentration is mainly influenced by hydrological conditions. (3) Nitrogen load from agriculture increased significantly during the period between the two monitoring periods. Large amount of chaotic fertilizing by individual farmers has led to the loss of the spatial correlation among the observed TN concentrations. Hence, changes of TN concentration in June are under the dual influence of agricultural fertilizing and hydrological conditions. In the view of the complex hydrological conditions and serious water pollution in the Lake Taihu region, geostatistical analysis is potentially a useful tool for studying the characteristics of pollutant distribution and making predictions in the region.

Biogas residue of Spartina alterniflora treated by NaOH solution for 48h at room temperature was used for secondary anaerobic digestion with TS loading rates were 8%, 10%, 12% at (35 +/- 1) degrees C. The biogas yield, pH, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) were analyzed during the anaerobic digestion. The peak of daily gas production were 10, 14, 13 mL x g(-1) and the rates of cumulate gas production were 217, 227, 228 mL x g(-1) respectively. The methane content exceeded 65% and the lowest pH value was 7.04 during the process. The concentrations of acetic acid concentrations were 3 364, 3 286, 5 728 mg x L(-1) respectively while propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations were below 1 100 mg x L(-1). Biogas residue as a non-degradation organic compound with high potential biogas yield was decomposed slowly and no acid accumulation was not observed.

Low-cost and high surface area microporous activated carbons were prepared from Spartina alternilora and cotton stalk with KOH activation under the conditions of impregnation ratio of 3.0, activation temperature at 800 degrees C and activation time of 1.5 h. The adsorption behavior of p-nitroaniline on the activated carbons was investigated by batch sorption experiments. The influences of solution pH value, adsorbent dose and temperature were investigated. The adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic characteristics were also discussed. The Spartina alterniflora activated carbon (SA-AC) has a high surface area of 2825 m2 x g(-1) and a micropore volume of 1.192 cm3 x g(-1). The BET surface area and micropore volume of the cotton stalk activated carbon (CS-AC) are 2135 m2 x g(-1) and 1.011 cm3 x g(-1), respectively. The sorption experiments show that both the activated carbons have high sorption capacity for p-nitroaniline. The Langmuir maximum sorption amount was found to be 719 mg x g(-1) for SA-AC and 716 mg x g(-1) for CS-AC, respectively. The sorption was found to depend on solution pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The optimum pH for the removal of p-nitroaniline was found to be 7.0. The Freundlich model and Redlich-Peterson model can describe the experimental data effectively. The negative changes in free energy (delta G0) and enthalpy (delta H0) indicate that the sorption is a spontaneous and exothermic procedure. The negative values of the adsorption entropy delta S0 indicate that the mobility of p-nitroaniline on the carbon surface becomes more restricted as compared with that of those in solution.

Objective: To study the incidence of the chromosome abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in Chinese patients with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia., Methods: Conventional chromosomal karyotyping was used to analyze the chromosome abnormalities. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analyses were performed using specific primers to confirm the presence or absence of Y chromosome microdeletions. A total of 997 patients with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia were enrolled in the study., Results: The incidence of chromosome abnormalities in the patient with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia was 28.4%. The major abnormal karyotypes included 47,XXY, 46,XY (Y>G), 46,XX, chimera and translocations. The incidence of the Y chromosome microdeletions was 17.4%. They were mainly found in the karyotypes of 46,XY and 46,XY (Y>G)., Conclusion: Chromosome abnormalities were the most common hereditary causes of the patients with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia. The incidence of Y chromosome microdeletion was higher in the patients with karyotype of 46,XY and 46,XY (Y>G). Therefore, detection of the AZF microdeletion in these patients is helpful to determine the etiology and avoid the unnecessary treatment and vertical transmission of the genetic defects.

The removal efficiency of different forms of nitrogen was studied in earthworm ecofilter treating domestic wastewater, and the mechanisms were discussed. Results indicated that, the major form of total nitrogen (TN) in influent water and effluent water were existed as ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+ -N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3- -N), respectively. NH4+ -N /TN in influent water and NO3- -N /TN in effluent water were 83.88% and 76.46%, respectively, NH4+ -N decreased and NO3- -N increased during the process. The average removal efficiency of TN and NH4+ -N were 28.08% and 90.44%, respectively, nitrate-nitrogen accumulated massively and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2- -N) accumulated a little. It was also observed that nitrification in earthworm ecofilter was strong and the denitrification was inhibited, TN removal was not as obvious as the NH4+ -N removal due to the poor denitrification environment. The overall removal of TN can be improved by increasing wet/dry ratio, modifying the structure of filter, multistage filter series, following by constructed wetland, and increasing C/N ratio of the influent water.

Objective: To study the relationship between the testis volume and types of spermatogenic cells derived from testicular biopsy in patients with azoospermia or cryptozoospermia., Methods: We collected testicular pathological biopsies from 492 infertile patients with azoospermia or cryptozoospermia reported in our hospital, classified them according to the testicular histological classification methods in WHO Manual for Standardized Investigation, Diagnosis and Management of the Infertile Male, and analyzed the relationship of the testis volume with the results of semen analyses and testicular histology., Results: Of the 492 cases, 90.5% (445/492) were azoospermia and 9.5% (47/492) cryptozoospermia; mature spermatozoa were present in the seminiferous tubules in 17.9% (88/492) but absent in 42.9% (211/492), and Sertoli cell-only syndrome indicated in 39.2% (193/492); the testis volume was < or = 10 ml in 38.6% (190/492) and < or = 5 ml in 7.9% (39/492). Cryptozoospermia was detected in 14.8% (13/88) of those with mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules, in 11.4% (24/211) of those without, and in 5.2% (10/193) of those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome, with a significantly lower rate in the latter group than in the former two (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Spermatogenesis of the testis may be focal and difficult to be completely reflected by a single testicular biopsy, and it may exist even if the testis volume is significantly below the reference value. The indications for testicular biopsy should not be improperly expanded. The WHO testicular histological classification methods have provided a convenient and effective guidance for further clinical examinations and establishment of a protocol.

The environmental availability of heavy metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were studied through BCR's three-stage extraction procedures from EU and Tessier's five sequential extraction procedures. The results show that the heavy metal extraction rates with BCR's procedures are higher than that with Tessier's from waste PCBs. There are significant differences in fraction distributions of heavy metals in PCBs. The speciation of Ni in the PCBs exists mainly in residual forms and has little effect on the environment. The percentage of acidic extractable forms with BCR's method and the total amount of exchangeable and carbonate which bound for Tessier's procedure of Pb and Zn are high, in the South China, the two metals are more easily released by acid rain. Acidic extractable forms of Cu is the main speciation in PCBs with BCR's extraction procedures, while the percentage of Fe-Mn oxides- bound of Cu is the highest with Tessier's procedures, though the result is not agree consistent, due to the high content of Cu in PCBs, the harm of Cu from PCBs could not be neglected.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hazardous of heavy metals of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) by using four kinds of methods (GB 5086.1-1997, GB 5086.2-1997 from China and 1311 (TCLP), 1312 (SPLP) from USA), and the four kinds of methods are compared to choose a better way to identify toxicity characteristics of waste PCBs. The results show that the leaching concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn, Zn and Fe) in the leachate after TCLP are much higher than that after the other three kinds of methods, the concentration of Pb is over the standards, so the waste PCBs may be the hazardous solid waste, the TCLP could be the appropriate way to assess the heavy metals hazardous characteristics of waste PCBs. The leaching concentrations by the leaching methods used in China are relatively lower, which could be disadvantageous to control the hazardous wastes. The initial pH and particle size of waste PCBs have great effect on the leachability of heavy metals from waste PCBs.