Objective: To explore the longterm influence of vasectomy on the levels of serum androgens in aging males., Methods: Using stratified random sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey and physical examinations among 437 adult males aged ≥40 years, 232 with and 205 without the history of vasectomy. In addition, we measured the levels of serum total testosterone (TT), sexhormone binding globulin (SHBG), calculated free testosterone (cFT), testosterone secreting index (TSI), free testosterone index (FTI), and luteinizing hormone (LH)., Results: Compared with the nonvasectomy group, the vasectomy group showed significantly increased levels of serum TT ([16.01±5.41] vs [17.39±6.57] nmol/L), SHBG ([58.91±36.89] vs [70.28±40.90] nmol/L), and LH ([8.86±6.49] vs [10.85±11.73] IU/L) (all P< 0.05) and a decreased level of FTI (0.33±0.15 vs 0.30±0.12, P< 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the nonvasectomy and vasectomy groups in cFT ([0.24±0.07] vs [0.23±0.09] nmol/L) or TSI ([2.42±1.34] vs [2.46±1.51] nmol/IU) (both P>0.05), nor after adjustment for relevant factors in TT (β: 1.015, 95% CI: -0.180-2.210), SHBG (β: 5.118, 95% CI: -2.069-12.305), cFT (β: 0.003, 95% CI: -0.011-0.018), FTI (β: -0.012, 95% CI: -0.035-0.011), TSI (β: 0.138, 95% CI: -0.131-0.407), and LH (β: 1.011, 95% CI: -0.811-2.834) (all P>0.05)., Conclusions: Vasectomy has no obvious longterm influence on the levels of serum androgens in aging males.