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Objective: This study aimed to find the best clarifying method of fermented wine by using L. lucidus Turcz and improve its quality and stability. Methods: The gelatin clarification method, bentonite clarification method, chitosan clarification method, heat treatment method, membrane filtration method and static clarification at different temperatures were used to treat the wine fermented with L. lucidus Turcz. As an evaluation index for the clarification effect, the best clarification method and related parameters were selected by combining turbidity, color, light transmittance, the content of alcohol, total acid, total sugar, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid, and sensory scores. Results: The results showed that, after 70 ℃ water bath heat treatment for 20 min, the wine fermented with L. lucidus had the best clarity, with a turbidity of only 1.19 EBC and a light transmittance of 95.8%. The highest sensory score was 88.9 points, and the soluble solid content was 8.02%. The content of alcohol, total acid, total sugar, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid had little change after the clarification. Moreover, the fermented wine in the present study had no turbidity during storage and showed good stability after heat treatment. Conclusion: After heat treatment, the fermented wine of L. lucidus Turcz is orange-red, transparent, odorless, good taste, and stable quality.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ultrafiltration membranes modified by montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were fabricated via phase inversion method. The influences of MMT nanoparticles on the structure and performances of the membranes were investigated by water contact angle measurement, porosity and mean pore size measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), filtration and fouling experiments. The results revealed that the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane surface was improved significantly, and the porosity and mean pore size increased after MMT nanoparticles were added. When the mass fraction of MMT nanoparticle was 0.2%, the surface of the composite membrane surface was smoother than that of pure membrane, the size of finger-like cavities increased, the thermal stability increased, the pure water flux reached the maximum value with 450 L/(m² ⋅ h), the flux recovery ratio reached up to 95.1 % and the antifouling property was the best. While excessive dosage of MMT nanoparticles will significantly increase the viscosity of casting solution, and make the aggregation of nanoparticles, resulting in the poor performance of the PLA membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneously reducing the availability of Cd and As is difficult owing to converse chemical behaviors of Cd and As in soil. In this study, amendments that can simultaneously immobilize Cd and As in soil were determined by an pure soil culture experiment in which flooding and wetting were performed for 30 d each. The effects of sepiolite (Sep), modified sepiolite (IMS and Sep-FM), steel slag (SS), and iron modified biochar (Fe-Bio) on soil pH, Eh, Cd, and As concentrations in pore water, and Cd and As fractions in soil were investigated. It showed that Sep (1%, 2.5%), IMS (1%, 2.5%), Sep-FM (1%, 2.5%), and SS (1%, 5%) treatments increased soil pH value and decreased Eh value and Cd concentrations in soil solution. In addition, As concentrations in soil solution treated with high doses of IMS (2.5%) and SS (5%) were lower than that of CK treatment during the whole incubation period. However, Fe-bio treatment decreased soil pH and increased Eh value and only decreased Cd and As concentrations in soil solution under wet conditions. Compared with the control, the application of the above amendments promoted the transformation of Cd fraction from exchangeable to reducible, oxidizable, and residual. High application rates of IMS (2.5%), Sep-FM (2.5%), and SS (5%) also reduced available As fraction (non-specifically sorbed and specifically-sorbed As fraction), and increased amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxide-bound As. On the contrary, Fe-bio treatment increased the fractions of non-specifically sorbed, specifically sorbed and residual As in soil. In short, IMS, Sep-FM, and SS are potential materials for remediation of Cd and As contaminated soil. They can effectively immobilize soil Cd and As and promote their transformation to the fractions that plants are difficult to uptake.

In terms of water quality monitoring based on the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, different optical path lengths of spectrometer probe need to be set to maintain higher signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra when the water body measured is complex and changeable. However, large numbers of experiments always have to be undertaken to get the appropriate optical path length, which is difficult to meet the demand of real-time, accurate, sensitive and stable online monitoring system. In this paper, an optimized spectra fusion algorithm was developed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of fused spectra from two independent spectra that were acquired using two different optical path lengths. In the fusion algorithm, the sliding-pane method was applied to obtain the distribution of noise variance of the spectra, so the region of strong noise in the spectra could be determined. Due to different signal intensity of spectra with long and short optical path length, genetic algorithm was used to calculate the optimal gain matching rate of fusion. Finally, according to the distribution of noise variance, piecewise weighted method is applied to achieve a fusion spectrum with higher signal-to-noise ratio. The experimental results showed that the fusion algorithm could effectively enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the fused spectra for each sample without altering the optical path length; the noise within 200~250 nm was suppressed and the low-noise and high-sensitivity spectra in the visible band were preserved; Zero interference was moved to the left of 220 nm of the spectrum. This means the fusion algorithm not only shows improvements in both signal-to-noise ratio and the detailed characteristics of the spectrum, but also reduces the excessive number of experiments in order to optimize optical path length and minimize noise in spectra. It has important practical significance to broaden the application range of the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy based water quality monitoring system.