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Due to the complex marine environment, ship engines are under the harsh working conditions of high humidity and high salinity for a long time, which seriously aggravates the frictional wear of engine chains and thus affects the working stability and the fatigue life of engines. Based on this, this study designs the surface textures on the chain pin in three shapes—square, sine and circular. Combining experiments and simulations, the influence of texture shape, area occupancy and depth on the friction and wear resistance is studied in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for solving the long-term engine chain wear problem. The results show that the presence of the texture reduces the elemental Cr content of the surface after wear and thus improves the surface wear resistance compared to a smooth no-texture surface. Among the three texture shapes, the sinusoidal texture exhibites the best friction reduction and wear resistance performance, and the highest friction reduction rate of about 31. 9% is achieved under high speed and light load conditions. The sinusoidal texture has the shallowest surface wear marks, and the wear process is mainly micro-motion wear, accompanied by slight adhesive wear.

Objective To determine the effect of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) on renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods A total of 16 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Control (Ctrl) group (n=8) and DKD group (n=8). The mice of Ctrl group were fed with normal diet, and those from the DKD group were inflicted with intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection plus high fat diet (STZ/HFD) to induce DKD model. Their 24-hour urine were collected, and fasting blood glucose level and body weight were measured every 4 weeks. After 16 weeks of modeling, the mice (aged 20 weeks) were sacrificed, and the levels of serum creatinine, urine creatinine and urine albumin were measured. PAS and Masson stainings were used to analyze the renal glomerulus morphology and interstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of CPT1A and fibrosis markers. In in vitro study, human proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were divided into Ctrl group, HG group (30 mmol/L glucose treatment), and M group (30 mmol/L mannitol treatment). After treatment for 48 h, the protein levels of CPT1A and fibrosis markers were detected with Western blotting. After HK-2 cells were transfected with CPT1A overexpression plasmid and then treated with 30 mmol/L glucose, cell morphological changes and the expression of CPT1A and fibrosis markers were observed. Results The mice of the DKD group had obvious glomerulus hypertrophy, mesangial expansion and renal interstitial fibrosis, increased levels of serum creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (P < 0.05), decreased CPT1A expression, and elevated protein levels of fibrosis markers when compared with the mice of the Ctrl group. In in vitro experiment, HG treatment induced the morphological changes of HK-2 cells into long spindle-shape, decreased level of CPT1A, and increased levels of fibrosis markers, which were not affected by alterations of osmotic pressure. However, CPT1A overexpression significantly reversed these HG-induced morphological changes and high expression of fibrosis markers. Conclusion Overexpression of CPT1A may show potential inhibitory effect on renal interstitial fibrosis in DKD mice.

The limestone region in Southwest Guangxi is defined as a priority area for biodiversity conservation and research not only at provincial but also at national level. Through in-depth investigation in the two nature reserves of this region, 20 angiosperm species from 20 genera and 17 families were found as new records for the flora of Guangxi, including Wuodendron praecox (Hook. f. & Thomson) B. Xue, Y. H. Tan & X. L. Hou, Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu, Clematis fengii W. T. Wang, Trichosanthes tetragonosperma C. Y. Cheng & Yueh, Sorbus yunnanensis L. T. Lu, Elatostema longibracteatum W. T. Wang, Acer paihengii Fang, Cornus eydeana Q. Y. Xiang & Y. M. Shui, Rhododendron longipedicellatum Lei Cai & Y. P. Ma, Styrax roseus Dunn, Symplocos hookeri C. B. Clarke, Dicercoclados triplinervis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Lysimachia pittosporoides C. Y. Wu, Lycianthes marlipoensis C. Y. Wu & S. C. Huang, Justicia multinodis Benoist, Scutellaria sichourensis C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li, Liparis bistriata C. S. P. Parish & Rchb. f., Peristylus tenuicallus Ormerod, Pinalia yunnanensis (S. C. Chen & Z. H. Tsi) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood and Zeuxine integrilabella C. S. Leou. Among them, Wuodendron B. Xue, Y. H. Tan & Chaowasku and Dicercoclados C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen were new recorded genera of Guangxi. All species were annotated by morphological and distribution description, voucher specimens and pictures. In addition, based on collected materials, several key taxonomic characteristics of Trichosanthes tetragonosperma C. Y. Cheng & Yueh and Dicercoclados triplinervis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen were supplemented and revised respectively. Lastly, the biogeographic significance of these newly records as well as protection effectiveness of the reserves in limestone region of southwestern Guangxi were discussed.

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning based on value factorization is one of many multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithms,and it is also a research hotspot in the field of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning.Under some constraints,the joint action value function of multi-agent system is factorized into a certain combination of individual action value function,which is able to effectively solve the problems of environment instability and exponential explosion of action space in multi-agent system.Firstly,this paper explains why value function factorization should be carried out and introduces the basic theory of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning.Secondly,according to whether to introduce other mechanisms and the diffe-rence of introduced mechanism,multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)algorithm based on value factorization is divi-ded into three categories:simple factorization type,based on the individual-global-max(IGM)principle and based on attention mechanism.Then,according to the classifications,this paper emphatically introduces several typical algorithms and compares and analyzes their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,it briefly describes the application and development prospect of these algorithms.

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation and existing problems of the food safety risk monitoring ability of CDC at all levels in Jiangxi Province， and provide basis for further improving.MethodsThe basic information， personnel allocation， testing ability and personnel training of CDC at all levels in Jiangxi Province were investigated by self-filled questionnaire survey.ResultsA total of 97 CDCs at all levels were investigated in Jiangxi Province， among which 43 CDCs at county （district） level did not obtain qualification certification. The average area of the provincial CDC was 3 495 m2， and the average laboratory area was 968 m2. There were 1 091 people engaged in food related activities in the provincial CDC， mainly technical personnels， accounting for 75%； The composition characteristics of technical personnels and quality management personnels were basically the same： bachelor’s degree， more than 6 years experience， 30-50 years old personnels accounted for the highest proportion. The overall monitoring capacity of CDCs in the province was weak. Except for the provincial level， the average food detection capacity of CDCs at city and county （district） level didn’t meet the national requirements. In 2018， a total of 1 430 training was received in the province， with an average 1.3 training per person per year.ConclusionIn Jiangxi Province， the talent team construction of CDC at all levels needs to be strengthened， and it is urgent to expand the staff team of CDC at local level， especially to improve the proportion of highly educated talents. The monitoring capacity needs to be improved， and the passing rate of certification of inspection and testing institutions of county （district） level CDC institutions needs to be improved.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depression and quality of life and their correlation in non-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure and analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of depression in these patients. Methods This study was conducted among 356 non-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure (including both inpatients and outpatients) from 4 general hospitals in Chongqing during the period from May, 2017 to March, 2018. Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) was used to assess the patient's depression, and the quality of life the patients was assessed using Quality of Life Instrument for Chronic Disease-Chronic Renal Failure (QLICD-CRF2.0). Results The incidence of depression was 45.22% in the 356 patients with chronic renal failure without dialysis. The patients with depression had significantly lower quality of life scores (including the physiological function, psychological function, social function and total scores), but had significantly higher scores in the specific modules of response symptoms than those without depression (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis of depression and quality of life showed that occupation (OR=1.753, 95%CI: 1.352-2.273), hospitalization frequency (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.007-1.480), specific modules (OR=1.034, 95%CI: 1.011-1.058), psychological function (OR=0.922, 95%CI: 0.902-0.942), education level (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.394-0.906), and annual income of the family (OR=0.514, 95%CI: 0.346-0.765) were all independent risk factors for the occurrence of depression in these patients. Conclusion The incidence of depression is high in non-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure. The patients with depression have lower quality of life scores than those without depression. Occupation, hospitalization frequency, specific modules, psychological function, education level and annual income of the family may affect the quality of life among the non-dialysis patients.

Chaotic map has been used in the design of key agreement protocol due to its excellent properties.In most of password three-party authenticated key agreement protocol based on chaotic map,the server needs to store a sensitive password table.It makes these protocols vulnerable to some password related attacks.Besides,it would be dangerous if the password table was leaked.To resolve the aforementioned problems,a new password three-party authenticated key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps was proposed.The server didn't need to maintain a password table,so the proposed scheme was free from password related attack.Compared with other related proto-cols,the proposed protocol not only enhances the security,but also improves the efficiency greatly.

Pine wood nematode ( PWN) disease is one of the major disasters in forests of southern China, causing substantial forest resources and ecological and economic losses. Based on field surveys and WFV image data from the GF-1 satellite, we constructed a spatial identification model of PWN disease with the random forest model to explore the relative influences of topography, human activities and stand factors on the occurrence of diseases and predict their spatial distribution. We then used the spatial autocorrelation analysis to assess the distribution characteristics of PWN disease at the regional scale. The results showed that the random forest model constructed in this study was effective in identifying pine nematode diseases (AUC value = 0.99, overall accuracy = 0.96). The normalized difference greenness index (NDGI), the distance to the highway, and normalized vegetation index (NDVI) were important factors in explaining the spatial variations of PWN disease occurrence. There was a positive spatial correlation in the occurrence of PWN disease (not randomly distributed but with obvious spatial aggregation characteristics). The high occurrence areas of pine wood nematode disease concentrated in Chitu Township, Zhufang Township and Shibatang Township, low occurrence areas concentrated in the vicinity of Rongjiang Street. The areas far away from the highway, low in elevation, and close to county roads were suffered to PWN disease. The results could serve the regional monitoring of pine nematode disease occurrence and provide practical guidance for PWN disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biology practice teaching plays a key role in cultivating first-class undergraduate talents with innovative ability. Relying on the "top-notch Program", the state-level first-class undergraduate major in biological science and the state-level teaching team in biology, this achievement aims to cultivate "innovative first-class undergraduate talents in biology" with national feelings and scientific spirit, practices the concept of practical education, integrates the characteristic "red culture" of Sichuan University and the scientific spirit of seeking truth, pragmatism, criticism and innovation into practical teaching, and strengthens the ideological value of students Guidance and mission responsibility, strengthen literature reading and experimental design training, set up inquiry and open experimental projects and multi-disciplinary and innovative and entrepreneurial practice modules, reform practical teaching and academic evaluation, and build a first-class biology undergraduate advanced practice education system with a thick foundation, strong synthesis and innovation promotion, effectively guide students' initiative, autonomy, innovative practice and students' innovation consciousness and potential are greatly stimulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food concept of "healthy low-fat" had attracted significant public attention in recent years. Oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) was introduced as a fat replacer to address the issue of low gel strength in low-fat yoghurt. The effects of different oxidation degrees of OKGM on the quality of yoghurt were investigated by analyzing the physicochemical properties, texture, rheological properties and microstructure of yoghurt. The research demonstrated that yoghurt containing high oxidation degrees of OKGM (OK-60, OK-90, OK-120) increased the hardness from 375.90 g to 436.67 g and the water holding capacity from 28.03% to 31.89% compared to yoghurt without added OKGM. In addition, it improved the rheological properties of yoghurt including apparent viscosity and viscoelasticity. The results of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy revealed that high oxidation degrees of OKGM reduced integral pores in yoghurt, promoted casein micelles aggregation, and increased average particle size from 88.27 nm to 125.33 nm. In contrast, natural konjac glucomannan (KGM) and lower levels of OKGM oxidation (OK-30) reduced texture, apparent viscosity, and viscoelasticity of the yoghurt, disrupted yoghurt gel structure and compromised its stability. The results of sensory evaluation showed that high oxidation levels improved the glossiness, uniformity, and overall taste of yoghurt, providing a theoretical basis for the development of high-quality, low-fat, and healthy yoghurt products.

Background The number of patients with chronic diseases in the community of China is increasing annually. Family doctor contract service is an important way to promote people's health in China, and long-term family doctor contract will help to improve the continuity of health management and the treatment outcomes. Analyzing patient demand for long-term family doctor contract is critical to the advancement of family medicine services in China. Objective To investigate the demand for long-term family doctor contract among community patients in Beijing Chaoyang Distrct and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high quality family medicine services. Methods Using continuous enrollment, 500 patients who were enrolled in family doctor contract service at Baliqiao community health service center, Taiyanggong community health service center and Jiangtai community health service center in Chaoyang District, Beijing from January 2020 to January 2021 were included as the study subjects and categorized into the agreement group (those willing to sign long-term contracts) and the refusal group (those unwilling to sign long-term contracts). Data on patient demographics, chronic diseases, educational level, income status, medical expenses, health status, distance from home to the community health service center, compliance, living arrangements, and other indicators were collected through online system retrieval of health records and supplemented by questionnaire surveys from January 2020 to January 2021. From January to March 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect general information, service quality evaluation, and willingness to sign long-term family doctor contracts. The SERVQUAL scale was designed based on literature retrieval, expert consultation, and preliminary open-ended questionnaire survey results to evaluate the quality of family doctor services. Scores were assigned for expected quality, perceived quality, and importance, ranging from 1 to 5. Expectation scores and perception scores were used to calculate the service quality (SQ) score, and the latter was used to correct importance and calculate the corrected SQ (cSQ) score. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the demand for long-term family doctor contract services. Results A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, and 423 were collected, including WeChat platform (73, 17.2%), offline questionnaire (190, 44.9%) and telephone interview (160, 37.8%), the validity rate was 84.6%. Among the respondents, 283 belonged to the agreement group (66.9%), and 140 belonged to the refusal group (33.1%). The average score for the SERVQUAL scale was -0.54, with perceived and expected average scores of 3.98 and 4.52, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the cSQ scores and average scores for each dimension between the two groups (P

Alternaria toxin， a secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria， is widely found in food products all over the world and poses a crucial threat to human health. Therefore， the analysis of toxicity and the search for prevention and control measures of the toxin， have become the focus of current research. This study mainly summarizes the toxicity， exposure risk， pollution control， and toxicity intervention methods of four common Alternaria toxins. It provides chain spore mold toxin risk assessment， safety evaluation standards， and a reference for the establishment of prevention and control measures to ensure food safety and preserve human health.

Objective: To investigate the effects of basonuclin 1 (BNC1) on the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and its mechanism. Methods: TThe mRNA expression level of BNC1 in ESCC cells and normal esophageal epithelial cells was detected by qPCR. The protein expression level of BNC1 in cancer and para-cancerous tissues of 10 ESCC patients was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of BNC1 in KYSE-150 and KYSE-30 cells was down-regulated by siRNA, and the effects of BNC1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated using CCK-8, scratch healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The downstream target genes of BNC1 were identified by ChIP-seq assay and GEPIA online website date analysis combined with knockdown transcriptome sequencing data after BNC1 knockdown. qPCR was used to verify the expression of target genes after BNC1 knockdown, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm the regulatory effect of BNC1 on the target genes. Results:The mRNA and protein levels of BNC1 were higher in ESCC tissues than in para-cancerous tissues (all P<0.01). Knockdown of BNC1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of KYSE-150 and KYSE-30 cells (P<0.01 or P<0.01), arrested the cells in G1 phase and promoted the cell apoptosis (all P<0.01). The results of ChIP-seq assay and online website GEPIA date analysis combined with at transcriptome sequencing data indicated after BNC1 knockdown that G protein pathway repressor 1 (GPS1) may be a oncogenic target gene that positively regulated by BNC1. The results of qPCR and dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that BNC1 had a regulatory effect on GPS1 (P<0.01). Conclusion: BNC1 is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells. Interfering with BNC1 significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, arrests cells at G1 phase and promotes cell apoptosis possibly by targeting GPS1 to regulate the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turbidite fans of Miocene Meishan Formation in Qiongdongnan Basin are important targets for natural gas exploration in the northern South China Sea， and the types of turbidite fan is closely related to reservoir development. The turbidite fans of Meishan Formation in Qiongdongnan Basin can be divided into shelf fans， slope fans， and basin floor fans according to the factors of sea level change， submarine topography， and syndepositional faults. The shelf fans at the shelf or shelf edge and the slope fans at the slope zone are mainly deposited in the highstand system and the late lowstand system respectively. The basin floor fans deposited in the early lowstand system can be further divided into six types： fault-terrace basin floor fan， final-terrace basin floor fan of fault-controlled gentle slopes， basin floor fan of fault-controlled steep slope roots， lobate basin floor fan， basin floor fan cut by canyons， and confined basin floor fan. The turbidite fan type and provenance system are important controlling factors affecting reservoirs’ physical properties. The reservoirs of fault-terrace basin floor fans， basin floor fans cut by canyon， and lobate basin floor fans are developed and are important exploration targets. Due to poor sedimentary differentiation and high mud content， the exploration risks are relatively large in the basin floor fans of fault-controlled steep slope roots， shelf fans， and slope fans. Final-terrace basin floor fans of fault-controlled gentle slopes and confined basin floor fans have fine grain and high mud content， which should be avoided in exploration. The various fan reservoirs are developed due to the sufficient provenance supply of Ledong-Lingshui area in the western part of Qiongdongnan Basin； however the excellent and high-quality reservoirs are underdeveloped due to the fine detrital particles and high mud content， and the lack provenance supply of Baodao area and Changchang area in the middle part of Qiongdongnan Basin， which are far away from the provenance area.

At present, the actual training of mine rescue teams mainly adopts the form of simulated roadway, which generally has problems such as low degree of simulation, fixed scene, high drilling cost, difficult assessment, and potential safety hazards. An online collaborative training system for mine rescue teams based on VR technology is designed. Virtual reality （VR） technology is used to present an advanced visual environment and simulate the disaster relief scene that cannot be simulated in the actual site, so that the rescue team can select appropriate rescue equipment according to its role division and disaster type under the condition of zero risk, and carry out mine map annotation, disaster area reconnaissance, rescue of people in distress, disaster disposal and other rescue tasks. At the same time, the system will conduct intelligent assessment and evaluation to find deficiencies and problems, better improve the commander’s comprehensive actual combat execution ability and collaborative combat ability. At the same time, in the process of system design, it is considered to give full play to the advantages of splicing large screen and ring screen, and introduce the referee and observation end to meet the needs of daily training, observation, competition and so on.

The flush air data sensing system is a key or important flight sensor subsystem for the measurement of flight atmospheric parameters such as air pressure altitude, indicated airspeed, Mach number, angle of attack and sideshow angle, which are required for flight safety control, communication and navigation of flying wing pneumatic layout aircraft and precise weapon strike. The effectiveness of water-proof, dust-proof, anti-ice and de-icing design of the flush air data pressure sensor in the system is an important guarantee for accurate pressure feeling, stability of atmospheric parameters and real-time performance during flight. In this paper, aiming at the technology present status of water-proof, dust-proof, anti-icing and de-icing of flush air data pressure sensors in flush air data system, the existing shortcomings and defects are analyzed, combined with the needs of engineering application and research results of related engineering technology, the flush air data pressure sensor for complex meteorological environment protection status online monitoring, heater power adaptive control and rapid disassembling design as development direction is proposed, the future research goal and content of flush air data pressure sensor for complex meteorological environment protection technology are illustrated, and the solutions of key technologies such as moisture monitoring technology, freezing condition monitoring technology, surface hydrophobic and low detectable technology and easy maintenance structure design technology are presented.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) on the proliferation, migration and cell cycle of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and its mechanism. Methods: Human ESCC cells (TE-1, KYSE30, TE-11 and KYSE510) were treated with different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the proliferation was detected by CCK-8. TE-11 and KYSE30 cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 μmol/L, respectively. Scratch healing test was used to detect cell migration ability, Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution, and WB was used to detect the protein expressions of cyclin D1, P27, ERK and p-ERK. Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of TE-11, KYSE30 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05 or P<0.01). As compared with control group, TE-11 and KYSE30 cells that treated with 0.1 and 0.2 μmol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 for 48 h exhibited significantly inhibited migration ability (P<0.05 or P<0.01), increased cell population at G0/G1 phase (P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased protein expressions of cyclin D1 and p-ERK (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and increased expression of P27 protein (P<0.05 or P<0.01); however, there was no significant difference in total ERK level. Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D3 can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and block the cell cycle of ESCC cells, which may be through the regulation of ERK signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo establish an High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS） method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine，including arseniccholine （AsC）， arsenobetaine （AsB）， arsenite （As3+）， dimethylarsinic acid （DMA5+）， monomethylarsonic acid （MMA5+）， and arsenate （As5+）.MethodsThe pH value of mobile phase and the content of anhydrous ethanol were optimized. Ammonium carbonate （50 mmol·L-1， containing 2% anhydrous ethanol， pH-8.5） mobile phase was selected. Cl- interference was eliminated by He mode. The arsenic species in 10-fold diluted human urine samples were separated by an Hamilton PRP X-100 anionic column. A method for the determination of six arsenic species was established.ResultsSix arsenic species could be separated in 13 minutes. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.10‒0.20 μg·L-1， and the limits of quantification were 0.30‒0.50 μg·L-1. Precision experiments showed that RSD ranged from 5.96% to 9.07% when adding concentration 0.20 μg·L-1； from 2.48% to 6.38% when adding concentration 2.00 μg·L-1； and from 1.41% to 2.57% when adding concentration 5.00 μg·L-1. Accuracy test showed that the recoveries were 80%‒125%.ConclusionThe established HPLC-ICP-MS method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine is rapid， accurate and sensitive. It can be applied to the determination of arsenic species in human urine.

Objective To explore the reasonable and effective enteral nutrition regimen for children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of children with abdominal HSP who were hospitalized from August 2013 to August 2018. According to the starting time of enteral nutrition after abdominal pain relief, the children were divided into three groups: <24 hours (n=68), 24-48 hours (n=64), and 48-72 hours (n=60). According to the type of enteral nutrition, they were divided into another three groups: amino acid-based formula (n=53), extensively hydrolyzed lactoprotein formula (n=67), and normal diet (n=72). The recurrence rate of clinical symptoms and degree of satisfaction among family members were compared between groups. Based on the retrospective analysis, 166 children with abdominal HSP were enrolled in a prospective study. They were given extensively hydrolyzed lactoprotein formula after abdominal pain relief. According to the feeding time after abdominal pain relief, they were divided into three groups: <24 hours (n=52), 24-48 hours (n=59), and 48-72 hours (n=55). The three groups were compared in terms of the recurrence rates of abdominal pain, rash, and hematochezia, the rate of use of parenteral nutrition and intravenous steroids, and the incidence rate of weight loss at discharge. Results The retrospective analysis showed that the children who were given extensively hydrolyzed lactoprotein formula for enteral nutrition at 24-48 hours after abdominal pain relief had a lower recurrence rate of clinical symptoms and the highest degree of satisfaction among their family members (P<0.0167). The prospective study showed that the children who were given extensively hydrolyzed lactoprotein formula for enteral nutrition at 24-48 hours after abdominal pain relief had lower recurrence rates of rash and abdominal pain, a lower rate of use of parenteral nutrition, and a lower incidence rate of weight loss at discharge (P<0.05). Conclusions It is reasonable and effective to start the feeding with extensively hydrolyzed lactoprotein formula at 24-48 hours after abdominal pain relief in children with abdominal HSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of high-risk populations for chronic kidney diseases (CKD) based on the screening data of community health centers in Jing'an and Minhang Districts of Shanghai from 2016 to 2018. Methods The screening data of high-risk CKD population in community health service centers in Jing'an and Minhang Districts of Shanghai were collected. The differences in the detection rate of CKD among high-risk population with different gender, age and disease history were compared and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The detection rate of CKD in high-risk population in community was 14.71%, and those with early CKD (stage 1 and 2) accounted for the majority (84.57%). The detection rate of CKD was higher in the female high-risk group than the male group (Chi-square=202.158, P < 0.01), and in the elderly group than the non-elderly group (Chi-square=16.294, P < 0.01). The subjected high-risk individuals had complicated medical history, and those (61.77%) having a history of hypertension ranked first in number. The detection rate of CKD was higher in the patients with hypertension than those without (Chi-square=67.837, P < 0.01), and in those without diabetes than those with (Chi-square=13.978, P < 0.01). Based on the 6 risk factors (gender, age 65 and above, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia and family history of kidney disease), the highest detection rate was found among the 392 patients with 4 risk factors, with 84 patients (21.43%) having CKD. Conclusion Gender, age, hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the risk factors of CKD, the detection rate of CKD is higher in female population and older people with hypertension but not diabetes.

GH3536 superalloy was fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) to investigate the effect of process parameters including the laser power and scanning speed on the density, microscopic defects and surface quality of GH3536 samples. According to the measurement of density, it can be found that the density of samples increases rapidly when the laser energy density is less than 57.0 J/mm3, the density of samples fluctuates within the range of 8.30 g/cm3-8.35 g/cm3 as the laser energy density increases from 57.0 J/mm3 to 187.0 J/mm3, while the density of samples decreases slightly when the laser energy further increases. The conclusion is that the inadequate or excessive energy input reduces the density of samples. The metallographic observation shows that there are a large number of lack-of-fusion defects when the laser energy is insufficient. However, when the input laser energy is too much, many evenly distributed microcracks and gas pores appear inside of samples, indicating that defects are the main reason for low density of samples. The optimal process parameters of SLM-processed GH3536 alloy are determined by the statistical analysis of spatter particles which might cause irregular defects. Tensile properties of the sample fabricated under 175 W and 700 mm/s are tested at room temperature and the results show that the SLM-ed GH3536 superalloy has good tensile properties at room temperature.

Combined with the biological nitrogen removal technology of printing and dyeing wastewater at home and abroad, this paper briefly describes the difficulties of nitrogen removal from printing and dyeing wastewater and the main nitrogen circulation modes in the process of biological nitrogen removal. Taking ammoniation, nitrification and denitrification as an example in the mainstream nitrogen removal process, the process mechanism and the main microorganisms involved are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the current treatment effects of nitrification and denitrification in printing and dyeing wastewater are analyzed. The results show that there are a lot of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in the comprehensive printing and dyeing wastewater, and biological nitrogen removal is still the mainstream nitrogen removal process in printing and dyeing wastewater. In addition, to strengthening the ammoniation, nitrification and denitrification processes involved in the nitrogen removal process of printing and dyeing wastewater, sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) are the most promising development directions biological nitrogen removal technology of printing and dyeing wastewater. In the future, it is necessary to further carry out research on the mechanism and application of SAD and Anammox based on the water quality characteristics of printing and dyeing wastewater to prove the feasibility of its engineering application.

BACKGROUND Currently, the environmental detection of antibiotics is receiving extensive attention, but there is still a lack of methods that can simultaneously analyze seven categories of antibiotics in surface water and groundwater. OBJECTIVES To establish a method that can detect thirty-seven antibiotics (15 sulfonamides, 2 tetracyclines, 3 macrolides, 8 quinolones, 2 chloramphenicols, 2 β-lactams and 5 other kinds) simultaneously. METHODS Solid phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the concentration of antibiotics. RESULTS The method had good sensitivity and enrichment effect for the surface water and groundwater, the recoveries ranged from 60% to 130%, the detection limits ranged from 0.6 to 10.6ng/L. The method was applied to the determination of antibiotics in surface water of the Yongding and Chaobai Rivers, and groundwater of the Chaobai River in Beijing. Sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides were the main antibiotics in the surface water of the Yongding River, and the detection rates were 88.9%, 55.6% and 33.3%, respectively. The highest concentration of floxacin was 111.9ng/L. Sulfonamides, quinolones and chloramphenicols were the main antibiotics in the surface water of the Chaobai River with detection rates of 100%. The highest concentration of tilmicosin was 71.6ng/L. Sulfonamides, quinolones and β-lactams antibiotics were the main antibiotics in the groundwater of the Chaobai River Basin, and the detection rates of were 66.7%, 55.6% and 22.2%, respectively. The highest concentration of sulfadiazine was 69.3ng/L. In both surface water and groundwater, the detection rate and concentration near the sewage treatment plant were significantly higher than those at other points. CONCLUSIONS The method established in this study is simple, rapid and accurate, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of 37 antibiotics in seven categories in surface water and groundwater. It provides antibiotic analysis method support for surface water and groundwater investigation, and provides a scientific basis for rational utilization of water resources and management of new pollutants in water.

In this study, konjac glucomannan was used as wall material and proanthocyanidins as core material. The micro-swelling properties of KGM in the ethanol system were used to prepare PC-loaded KGM microparticles, which provided a new technical idea for colon-targeted delivery of PC. KGM/PC microparticles were prepared by KGM adsorption of PC dissolved in ethanol aqueous solution. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the preparation process of KGM/PC microparticles, and the properties of the microparticles were characterized by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, etc. The release performance of the microparticles in vitro was investigated. The results showed that KGM could successfully encapsulate PC and the loading rate of PC was significantly affected by KGM and the amount of PC added. The optimum process conditions of encapsulating PC with KGM determined by orthogonal optimization, that is, when 16% (w:v) KGM (particle size 50~90 μm) and 11% (w:v) PC were added into 10% (v:v) ethanol solution, the loading rate of PC was (14.75%±0.27%). At the same time, after digestion in the stomach and small intestine for 4 h, 79.47% of PC in the KGM/PC microparticles was not released and reached the colon. To sum up, the encapsulated microparticles have great potential in colon-targeted delivery, which can provide a simple, effective, and safe encapsulation technology for industrial production.

In the 21st century, the refugees' situation is one of the key problematic issues in the international community, which not only affects the security and stability of border areas but also has a profound impact on neighboring countries and even the international community. In late August 2017, a new round of the Rohingya crisis broke out, and the "Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army" (ARSA) launched a series of attacks on Myanmar, resulting in a large-scale bloody conflict between the Rohingya and Rakhine. The outbreak of this incident led to hundreds of thousands of Rohingya people across the border between Myanmar and Bangladesh, fleeing to Cox's Bazar region of Bangladesh. The influx of refugees over a brief period of time brought excessive pressure to poor Bangladesh. The long-standing Rohingya refugee problem gradually evolved from Myanmar's domestic contradictions to the international community's intense issues. Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the UNHCR, this study analyzes the population scale and structure of Rohingya refugees on the Myanmar-Bangladesh border and its impact on regional geopolitical relations from January 2018 to September 2020 from the perspective of demographic geography and political geography. Given this background, this research shows : 1) Rohingya refugees in Palong Khali district on the Myanmar-Bangladesh borders are large and growing. There are more female refugees than men; the age structure of Rohingya refugees tends to be low, the main age is under 18 years old, and the proportion of young and middle-aged refugees in the total population is minor and grows rapidly; spatial structure shows a typical "law of distance decay from Myanmar-Bangladesh border,"that is, the refugee camps expand to the west, and the scale of refugees presents a spatial distribution law of decreasing from east to west. 2) The population scale and structure of Rohingya refugees have a significant impact on regional geopolitical relations. First, it has a profound affect on the democratization process of Myanmar; second, it poses a challenges to Myanmar-Bangladesh border security, which leads to tensions in Myanmar-Bangladesh relations; third, it arouses the intervention and attention of many geo-actors. This led to a geopolitical game surrounding the refugee issue, leading to divisions within ASEAN, as well as geopolitical spillover effects. 3) Compared with some western countries and international organizations, the "three-step" solution proposed by China is in line with the actual situation of Myanmar and Bangladesh. Under the mechanism of the China–Myanmar–Bangladesh Joint Working Group, the Rohingya refugee issue is moving toward cooperation and consultation. The study of the demographic characteristics of Rohingya refugees on the border between Myanmar and Bangladesh and their influence on regional geopolitical relations provides a reference for the solution of this complex issue.

Aiming at the low receiving power of space laser communication, a real-time space laser Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) communication system with high receiver sensitivity is designed and implemented in this paper and the transmission rate of this system is 800 Mslot/s. The experimental results show that, after using Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and optical filter, under the condition of -58.3 dBm optical input, the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the system before error code correction is 1.4E-4 and the system has ultra-high receiver sensitivity.

The separation of light actinides plays an important role in the fields of nuclear industry, environmental radiochemistry, nuclear forensics, etc. Solid phase extraction(SPE) is one of the main methods for the separation of light actinides, and the key of this method is to select adsorbents with excellent adsorption performance and good physicochemical stability. Porous metal phosphonates are a kind of inorganic-organic hybrid materials combined of metal centers and organic phosphonic acid ligands. Generally, they exhibit high specific surface area, abundant active sites and good physicochemical stability, as well as excellent adsorption properties due to the outstanding binding ability of phosphonic groups to light actinides. Therefore, they are expected to be used as adsorbents for light actinides. In this review, the synthesis and structure of porous metal phosphonates are summarized, and their application in the separation of light actinides is focused, including the adsorption properties, adsorption mechanism, the physiochemical stability and practical treatment methods of these materials, etc. In the end, the development of this field is prospected.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of dex-rabeprazole for injection at different doses in healthy subjects and to evaluate its safety. Methods A randomized, open, positive drug control trial design was adopted in this study. Forty healthy subjects were divided into 4 groups (n=10), and underwent intravenous infusion of dex-rabeprazole at 10 mg/qd, 10 mg/q12h, 20 mg/q12h and rabeprazole sodium 20 mg/q12h, respectively. The intragastric pH value was monitored for 24 h on the first and fifth days after administration. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the blood dex-rabeprazole concentration. WinNonlin7.0 and SAS9.4 software was conducted to analyze and process the obtained data. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters on the first and fifth days of the subjects after intravenous infusion of dex-rabeprazole 20 mg/q12h were Cmax 1.70±0.46 and 1.74±0.49 μg·mL-1 and AUC0-t 2.19±0.59 and 2.21±0.51 μg·mL-1 (significantly higher than the other 3 groups); Tmax 0.51±0.03 and 0.50±0.00 h (similar to the other 3 groups); and T1/2 1.93±0.73 and 1.82±0.67 (higher than the 10 mg/qd and 10 mg/q12h groups and slightly lower than the rabeprazole sodium 20 mg/q12h). The percentage of time with intragastric pH value >4.0 after the first and fifth days of medication was (82.27±10.13)% and (93.16±5.84)% in the dex-rabeprazole 20 mg/q12h group, statistically higher than those in the other 3 groups. The percentage was also higher in the rabeprazole sodium 20 mg/q12h group than the 10 mg/qd and 10 mg/q12h groups. One case from the dex-rabeprazole 20 mg/q12h group experienced mild adverse event (pain in the back of the thigh) and relieved after that spontaneously. No serious adverse events were observed in each group. Conclusion Injectable dex-rabeprazole shows good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics effects, and has sound safety to healthy subjects.

Objective To evaluate the effect of head meridian massage therapy on relieving tension type headache (TTH) symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods Totally 81 patients with anxiety disorder and TTH were randomly divided into an experimental group of 40 cases and a control group of 41 cases. The control group was given conventional treatment and nursing care, and the experimental group was treated with head meridian massage on the basis of the control group. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and self-made efficacy standards were used to compare the headache degree, anxiety and clinical efficacy of the two groups before and after treatment. At the same time, the number of headache attacks within one week after the end of the treatment was compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention, the VAS score and HAMA score of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, and the total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0. 05). The number of headache attacks in the experimental group was less than that of the control group within one week after the treatment course(P＜0. 05). Conclusion Head meridian massage can effectively relieve tension headache symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders. (目的 评价头部经穴推拿疗法缓解焦虑障碍患者紧张性头痛(TTH)症状的效果。方法 81例焦虑障碍伴头痛的患者随机分为研究组40例和对照组41例。对照组给予常规治疗和护理, 研究组在对照组基础上应用头部经穴推拿疗法。通过视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)以及自制疗效标准比较2组治疗前和治疗后的头痛程度、焦虑情况和干预效果, 比较2组疗程结束后1周内头痛发作次数。结果 干预后, 研究组头痛VAS评分和HAMA评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。疗程结束后1周内研究组头痛发作次数少于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P

In order to solve the problem that the laser satellite terminal can realize the ranging function while completing the communication function, this paper designs a method based on the Delta-Sigma modulation to realize the laser phase ranging, which can integrate the functions of communication and ranging. Multi-frequency point phase ranging is used to balance ranging range and ranging accuracy. Multi-frequency modulation signals are generated using high-speed digital Input and Output (I/O) ports based on Delta-Sigma modulation without any Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Based on the Delta-Sigma modulation method, multiple frequency points for multi-frequency phase ranging can be generated at the same time, which is better than the traditional method of generating each single frequency point separately. Selecting the high frequency of 187.50 MHz and the low frequency of 1.50 MHz, the ranging accuracy can achieve 1 mm in the range of less than 100 m.

As a human-machine interface, cockpit display and control system has always been the focus of aviation ergonomics. To improve the visibility and convenience of the cockpit display and control system is the goal of its design. Based on the research progress of cockpit display control interface in recent years, a design method of cockpit display control interface is established, and some key technologies involved in software design are discussed. The method is integrated into C++ system, and the pilot 3D human body geometric model and kinematic model are introduced in each stage of cockpit design. Combined with the theory of visual simulation modeling and related software, the development of flight visual and cockpit display control interface is realized. A comprehensive evaluation method for the design of cockpit display and control interface is proposed, as well as the selection of various evaluation indexes and the establishment of evaluation system. This design method can better reflect the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the pilot by simulating the pilot's operation action and calculating the parameters such as the angle of view, accessibility and control force, and improve the friendly interface, intuitive operation and simplicity.

Explosive welding technology is a high-energy processing technology,which has been widely used in industrial practice. The residual stress produced by explosive welding process has an important influence on the strength and stability of the structure. So it is necessary to study the reasonable range of residual stress and seek to predict,control and adjust the residual stress. In this paper,the hole-drilling method is used to test the residual stress of 316 L/SA516 explosive welding plate. The basic principle of hole-drilling method for measuring the residual stress,the preparation of the test and the matters needing attention in the test process are introduced. The residual stresses measured by hole-drilling method mainlyanalysis explosive residual stresses,normalized residual stresses and residual stresses in the direction of explosive thickness. The development rule of the measurement results is basically consistent with the actual situation.

Supercapacitors are a new type of energy storage element that has been rapidly developed in recent years. The most important factor that determines the performance of supercapacitors is electrode materials. The development of low-cost, high-performance electrode materials is an important research direction for current supercapacitors. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials. The applications of MOFs in the supercapacitor have attracted more and more researchers due to their diverse composition and structure, large specific surface area, controllable structure and adjustable pore size. Recent researching application progress of pristine MOFs, MOFs-derived(porous carbon, metal oxides, porous carbon/metal oxides) and MOFs-composite materials for supercapacitors was summarized in this paper. The MOFs with different structural characteristics and their specific performance in the field of electrochemical energy storage were discussed. MOFs based supercapacitors are demonstrated to play an important role in the field of new energy storage and conversion. Finally, the current challenges, future trends and prospects of MOFs in the field of ultracapacitors were pointed out.

Objective To develop liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the content determination of voriconazole (VRCZ) and its N-oxide (VNO) in human plasma, and to apply it to clinical samples. Methods Ketoconazole was used as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were treated with methanol to precipitate protein and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The detection was accomplished with electrospray ionization (ESI) operated in positive ionization mode, and ion reaction pairs were selected to be m/z350.1→m/z127.0 (VRCZ), m/z366.1→m/z224.0 (VNO) and m/z531.0→m/z82.1 (Ketoconazole). Chromatographic separation had been achieved on Inertsil ODS-3 (50/2.1) with methanol-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (90:10) as the mobile phase. Plasma concentrations of VRCZ and VNO in 23 patients were determined. Results Both VRCZ and VNO were linear (r>0.999) over the concentration ranges of 0.4~10.0 μg/mL, inter- and intra-batch relative standard deviations (RSDs) and matrix effect were all less than 15%. The 2 compounds remained stable during sample storage and handling progress. Plasma concentrations of VRCZ in 23 patients ranged from 0.4 to 14.3 μg/mL, and those of VNO ranged from 0.5 to 7.2 μg/mL. Significant variance was found among these patients. Conclusion LC-MS/MS is simple, quick and sensitive for detection of VRCZ and VNO, and can be used for drug monitoring in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate pharmacokinetics after administration of ranolazine sustained release tablets at a single and multiple dose to healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods A self-controlled trial design was used. In the single-time group, 10 healthy volunteers, half male and half female, were included, and 500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg ranolazine sustained-release tablets were taken sequentially in 3 cycles. For the multiple-dose group, 10 individuals of both sexes were enrolled, and 500 and 1 000 mg ranolazine sustained-release tablets were sequentially administered in 2 cycles. The concentration of ranolazine in plasma samples was determined by LC-MS-MS, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results The linear concentration of ranolazine in plasma ranged from 40 to 4 000 μg/L, and the LLOQ was 40 μg/L. The intra-assay and inter-assay precision were less than 15%. After single dose, the main parameters in doses 500, 1 000, 1 500 mg were Cmax: 774±157, 1 818±554 and 2 762±1 099 μg/L, respectively; tmax: 4.9±1.8, 4.9±2.6 and 4.9±1.5 h, respectively; t1/2z: 8.2±6.8, 10.3±8.7 and 9.7±12.0 h, respectively; AUC0-t: 8 470±2 765, 20 936±6 957 and 32 554±17 780 μg·h/L, respectively. After multiple dose, the main parameters in doses 500, 1 000 mg were Cmaxss: 1 826±904 and 3 635±620 μg/L; Cminss: 1 022±3 and 2 282±163 μg/L; Cav: 1 253±634 and 2 615±536 μg/L; AUC0-t: 22 452±12 359 and 53 232±15 909 μg·h/L; MRT0-t: 8.7±2.3 and 10.6±2.6; RAUC: 3.11±2.60 and 2.86±1.54. Conclusion In a single administration trial, Cmax and AUC are increased proportionally to the dose, and there is a good linear relationship between the three doses. Multiple dose tests have found that ranolazine has a certain accumulation in the body.

Two distinct soil types in mid-subtropical China were selected for soil sampling at the depth of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm for soil cores preparation. Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) extracted from recently fallen litters of Castanopsis carlesii with ultrapure water was leached through such soil cores to investigate the fractionation and retention pattern when migrating along the soil layers. The results showed the leachates out of deeper soil cores had lower concentrations and were chemically simpler, the hydrophobia pools contributed to the majority of the retention, but the proportion of retained hydrophilic materials gradually increased with the increasing soil depth. The infrared spectrum suggested that the hydrophobia materials containing aromatic rings could be easily absorbed by soils, but alkanes and simple carbohydrates would transport into subsoils with soil solution. Proportional decrease in the highly sorptive DOC restricted C sorption by subsoils, and thus the adsorption occurred mainly in 0-40 cm soil layers, suggesting that the chemical nature of DOC had a greater influence on sorption capacity of the soils than soil physicochemical properties. The retention amounts of DOC by different soil types differed significantly, which were significantly positively correlated with the contents of clay, iron and aluminum oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the requirement of hardware task scheduling of heterogeneous high performance computing platform, based on FPGA computing accelerate, a task scheduling system is developed based on CBTA of time and area context. The development contains system architecture and related algorithms. The multi-level of task schedule on high performance platto™ divides the CBTA into platto™ task schedule and node task schedule. Classifying the task and resource into different time and area contexts, a self-adaptive task schedule strategy based on the resource context transform is proposed. Then a parallel optimization stategy is put forward. Finally through the experiment, the advantages of CBTA on response time, load balance and task reject ratio are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine root order was classified according to Pregitzer's method. This study measured carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of the 1-5 root orders (diameter <2 mm) in three dominant subalpine tree species (Betula albosinensis, Abies faxoniana and Picea asperata) of western Sichuan. Their stoichiometric ratios of different root orders were also calculated. The results showed that C concentration, C/N and C/P increased, but N and P concentrations decreased from the first to fifth order of fine root for all tree species. No significant changes in N/P among root orders were detected in each species. There were significant differences in C, N, P concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios among the tree species. The species-associated differences were dependent on root order. There were significant correlations between C, N, P concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios in the three tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study was aimed to investigate CyPA concentration levels in the peripheral blood in normal persons and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), in order to determine whether CyPA is associated with CRF and its possible mechanism. Methods 50 CRF patients and 50 normal persons were selected. The level of CyPA in the peripheral blood. AngII, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) of the normal persons were measured by ELISA. And these indicators of patients with CRF were also measured before and after treatment with irbesartan. The differences between the two groups were compared, the correlation between CyPA and CRF, and the relevance of CyPA with AngII, TNF, IL-6, IL-1 and MCP-1 were analyzed. Results (1) The levels of CyPA in peripheral blood of CRF group were higher than those in control group, whether before or after treatment. There were significant differences in the levels of CyPA, AngII, TNF, IL-6,IL-1 and MCP-1 between the CRF group and the control group (< 0.01). The results of Spearman analysis showed that there were correlations between CyPA and the levels of AngII, TNFα, IL-, IL-1α and MCP-1 in the control group and the CRF group before and after treatment with irbesartan. Conclusion CyPA might played the synergistic effect with AngII and increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, which revealed that CyPA may act as an inflammatory cell medium, promote inflammatory reaction in CRF patients, increase glomerular, renal tubularand and interstitial injury. CyPA may be a new marker of inflammation in CRF. Inflammation is one of the important causes which speed up the development of CRF. The selective inhibiting or blocking CyPA receptors may provide a new treatment of CR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crux of Hume's Problem is how human beings obtain knowledge about universal law from experience. Hume's Problem is related to inductive inference at three levels inference concerning cause and effect (or notion of cause and effect).the assumption of uniformity and empiricist epistemology. It can be approached in terms of the Bayesian Inference. Hawthorne thinks that the Bayesian Inference is a version of eliminative induction, which consists of the version of hypothetical reasoning and that of disjuctive reasoning. Then can Hume be satisfied with the Bayesian Inference? He can be satisfied with the Probability theory because the latter is similar to geometry, but not by the conclusion of the Bayesian Inference. That is, one can accept a conclusion of induction not in the light of sense but of reason. Knowledge from experience is in flux as it is revisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study characterized the dynamics of the activities of urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in both soil organic layer and mineral soil layer under three depths of snow pack (deep snowpack, moderate snowpack and shallow snowpack) over the three critical periods (snow formed period, snow stable period, and snow melt period) in the subalpine Abies faxoniana forest of western Sichuan in the winter of 2012 and 2013. Throughout the winter, soil temperature under deep snowpack increased by 46. 2% and 26. 2%, respectively in comparison with moderate snowpack and shallow snowpack. In general, the three nitrogen-related soil enzyme activities under shallow snowpack were 0. 8 to 3. 9 times of those under deep snowpack during the winter. In the beginning and thawing periods of seasonal snow pack, shallow snowpack significantly increased the activities of urease, nitrate and nitrite reductase enzyme in both soil organic layer and mineral soil layer. Although the activities of the studied enzymes in soil organic layer and mineral soil layer were observed to be higher than those under deep-and moderate snowpacks in deep winter, no significant difference was found under the three snow packs. Meanwhile, the effects of snowpack on the activities of the measured enzymes were related with season, soil layer and enzyme type. Significant variations of the activities of nitrogen-related enzymes were found in three critical periods over the winter, and the three measured soil enzymes were significantly higher in organic layer than in mineral layer. In addition, the activities of the three measured soil enzymes were closely related with temperature and moisture in soils. In conclusion, the decrease of snow pack induced by winter warming might increase the activities of soil enzymes related with nitrogen transformation and further stimulate the process of wintertime nitrogen transformation in soils of the subalpine forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The seasonal dynamics of soil labile nitrogen pools and net nitrogen mineralization of three subalpine forests along an elevation gradient (3600, 3300 and 3000 m), western Sichuan, China were examined. Obvious seasonal dynamics were found in soil labile nitrogen pools (ammonium, nitrate, microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen) and net nitrogen mineralization rate, but the seasonality varied with the measured nitrogen pools. The concentrations of soil nitrate (8. 38-89. 60 mg·kg-1 ) were significantly higher than those of ammonium (0. 44-8. 43 mg·kg-1) in four sampling periods (non-growing season, early, middle and late growing season). Regardless of the elevation, the rate of soil net nitrogen mineralization was negative (-0. 77 to -0. 56 mg·kg-1·d-1) early in the growing season, but positive in the other three periods. Except for nitrate, the contents of ammonium, microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen varied significantly with elevation and the altitude effects on those pools were dependent on seasons. In summary, soil nitrification was the major process of net soil nitrogen mineralization and soil nitrogen mineralization was not affected by elevational gradient. Soil nitrogen mineralization (0. 42-0. 99 mg·kg-1·d-1) in winter was considerable in this area. Relatively high inorganic nitrogen in early spring might be favorable for vegetation growth, but might also be lost from soil ecosystem through leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In harmonic gear drive,backlash has a significant effect on transmission performance. Based on the exact conjugate method of harmonic drive,the changes of conjugate zone,circular spline conjugate tooth profile and backlash of harmonic drive with the variation of flexspline tooth profile parameters are studied. The results show that flexspline profile parameters play a decisive role in conjugate section,circular spline conjugate tooth profile and backlash. Reducing the circular arc radius of convex tooth profile is helpful to increase the meshing conjugate zone,but not conducive to reducing the backlash. The circular arc radius of concave tooth profile has no obvious effect on the conjugate zone,but has a significant effect on the backlash. Reducing the common tangent angle is helps to increase the conjugate zone,reduce the backlash and improve the backlash distribution. The circular arc radius of convex and concave tooth profile of flexspline have obvious influence on the circular spline tooth profile parameters,but the common tangent angle have little effect on it. A reasonable choice of flexspline tooth profile parameters may bring a bigger conjugate zone and more well-distributed backlash,the carrying capacity and transmission performance can then be improved.

In order to evaluate the expression of oleosin - bFGF fusion protein in plant oil body, polymerase chain reaction amplification was changed with plant codon usage. All these were used to construct a plant binary expression vector pl390 Ddprm-Dboil-bFGF, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana was conducted by floral dip. The results showed that bFGF gene integrated into Arabidopsis genome. The total protein of the T2 seeds were extracted for SDS-PAGE, Western blot, ELISA and cell proliferation activity to further assess the oleosin - bFGF fusion protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]