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ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children aged 6 – 18 years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia) and to provide references for prevention, control and treatment of AR in the children. MethodsWith stratified multistage random sampling, a survey was conducted among 66 843 students aged 6 – 18 years from primary and high schools in urban and rural regions of 12 leagues/prefectures of Inner Mongolia during March – October, 2020. A self-designed questionnaire was completed by the students′ guardians and the students. ResultsAmong the 62 668 students with valid responses, 10 995 (17.54%) were reported having AR symptoms. The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the students with following characteristics were more likely to have self-reported AR symptoms: aged ≥ 13 years, being Mongolian ethnic, with a general or poor living environment, having a meat-based dietary pattern, with family history of allergic diseases, and residing in the northeastern/central/central east/ central west regions of Inner Mongolia; while, the girl students and the students residing in rural or pastoral areas and being obese were less likely to have self-reported AR symptoms. ConclusionThe prevalence rate of AR is high and mainly influenced by gender, age, ethnicity, residential region, living environment, dietary pattern, family history of allergic diseases and obesity among 6 – 18 years old children in Inner Mongolia.

Objective To understand the current status and trends of the burden of mushroom poisoning diseases in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023, providing a basis for the formulation of rational prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on mushroom poisoning incident data from the "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System" in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023. The mushroom poisoning mortality data were organized by gender, age, and year. The World Health Organization's Excel template was used to calculate Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to premature death, and the human capital method was employed to estimate the indirect economic burden caused by mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province. The Join point regression model was utilized to analyze the temporal trends in incidence rates, mortality rates, and YLLs rates of mushroom poisoning. Results From 2011 to 2023, Guizhou Province reported a total of 2 518 mushroom poisoning outbreaks, affecting 8 716 individuals and resulting in 97 deaths, with a mortality rate of 0.25 per 100 000 population. The total YLLs for the entire population was 2 139 person-years, with a YLLs rate of 5.55 person-years per 100 000; YLLs and YLLs rates for males were higher than those for females. The highest YLLs were observed in the 45 to <60 age group, while the highest YLLs rate was found in the 60 to <70 age group. The overall indirect economic burden of the 97 mushroom poisoning deaths in Guizhou Province was 40.8 569 million yuan, averaging 421 200 yuan per case. From 2011 to 2023, the incidence rate of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province showed a continuous upward trend, while both the mortality rate and YLLs rate exhibited a continuous downward trend, with annual percentage changes (APC) of 26.79%, -17.76%, and -16.70%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province is on a continuous rise, with higher YLLs in males compared to females and the highest YLLs observed in the 45 to <60 age group, corresponding to a significant indirect economic burden. It is essential to enhance effective public education and continue to strengthen medical treatment to reduce the occurrence of toxic mushroom poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The algorithms for block compressed sensing based on total variation and mixed variation (abbreviated as BCS-TV and BCS-MV) models were proposed to improve the performance of current reconstruction algorithms for the block-based compressed sensing. In the measuring phase, an image was sampled block-by-block. In the recovering period, it took the sparse regularization of the natural image as a priori knowledge, and approached the target function within the whole image through the modified augmented Lagrange method and alternating direction method of multipliers (ALM-ADMM). The method proposed achieves average PSNR gain of 1.5 dB and SSIM gain of 0.05 at a more stable running speed, over the previous uniformly block-based compressed sensing. It is particularly suitable for the applications of the multimedia data processing with fixed transmission delay.

In order to improve the accuracy of the just noticeable difference (JND) model in transform domain, an en-hanced JND model with a new method for contrast masking factor estimation was proposed. The image was decomposed and the textural image was used for an accurate block classification, thus the accurate JND in DCT domain was obtained. The improved JND model was applied on the perceptual image coding. Considering the compatibility and the auxiliary information which would affect the encoding efficiency, the JND model was adjusted to the quantization process and re-moved more visual redundancy. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the JND threshold;compared with JPEG standard, the perceptual coding method can save more bit rate and does not need extra bit for auxil-iary information at the similar visual quality. The proposed algorithm is also applicable to the perceptual video coding.

Pelvic inflammatory disease( PID) rat model was induced by the mixture of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Streptococcus hemolytic-β． Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) based metabolic profiling method was combined with multivariate statistical analysis,such as PCA,PLS-DA and OPLS-DA to analyze endogenous small molecule metabolites in serum of rats after treatment of Fuke Qianjin Capsules. The results showed that Fuke Qianjin Capsules could significantly improve the inflammatory pathological characteristics and tissue damages in model rats. Based on the principle of VIP>1 and P<0. 05,a total of 6 different metabolic biomarkers were identified,including L-valine,L-isoleucine,L-threonine,butanedioic acid,serine and D-glucose,respectively.The contents of these six different metabolites were significantly reversed after administration. Further analysis of the metabolite pathways through KEGG database showed that Fuke Qianjin Capsules achieved the effect possibly through glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and valine,leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. Therefore,this study came to the conclusion that Fuke Qianjin Capsules can be used in the treatment of mixed bacteria induced pelvic inflammatory disease possibly by regulating amino acid and its derivative metabolism.

Prunellae Spica is a perennial edible and medicinal plant, rich in antioxidant substances. Total flavonoids (TFC), Phenolics (TPC), triterpenoids (TSC), polysaccharides (PC) and their antioxidant capacities (by the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS⁺ methods) of ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and other fractions of aqueous extract from Prunellae Spica were investigated in this study. Then the multivariate statistical method was adopted to analyze the relationship between the multiple pharmaceutical ingredients and antioxidant capacities of Prunellae Spica. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had relatively high concentration of TFC (0.61±0.10) g·g⁻¹DW, TPC (0.52±0.09) g·g⁻¹DW, and TSC (0.21±0.03) g·g⁻¹DW, with high scavenging capacity of DPPH (3.1±0.38) mmol·L⁻¹·g⁻¹DW and FRAP (2.56±0.35) mmol·L⁻¹·g⁻¹DW. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated the information from chemical compositions and antioxidant capacity can represent the "differences" of different fractions. Canonical correlation analysis (CCorA) revealed a high positive correlation between the amounts of multiple chemical compositions and the antioxidant capacities (r=0.970 0), and the first canonical variate had been reached. Moreover, ABTS⁺ method showed a low response to the compositions of different fractions, so this method may not be suitable for evaluation of Prunellae Spica antioxidant capacities, while DPPH evaluation method was more suitable for TSC and TPC. The results of this study have important reference significance for the evaluation method on antioxidant activity of Prunellae Spica in the field of food or medicine as well as for the development of related extracts., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Flavonoids have attracted much attention due to their good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor effects. At present, the extraction of flavonoids is mainly based on organic solvent, while the researches on the use of green and safe solvents are quite limited. Therefore, in the present study, different types of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were applied to investigate their effect on extraction of flavonoids and optimize the process, also investigate the recovery efficiency of DESs and evaluate the recovery method for total flavonoids. The extraction yield of the total flavonoids acted as the comprehensive evaluation indexes, and a central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to further optimize the alcohol-based DES extraction conditions. The results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were as follows: water-DES ratio of 27%, solid-liquid ratio of 15 mL·g⁻¹, extraction temperature of 83 °C and extraction time of 42 min in ChCl-glycerol at 1:4 ratio. Under these conditions, the mean experimental value of the extraction yield (75.05 mg·g⁻¹) corresponded well with the predicted value (77.86 mg·g⁻¹). Moreover, these experimental results showed more advantages such as in higher efficiency, economy and environmental protection as compared with previously reported conventional extraction methods. In addition，the recovery yield of the total flavonoids from the DESs extraction solution achieved 97.88% by using AB-8 macroporous resin, and 88.12% desorption ratio can be achieved by 100% ethanol with 5 times resin content. After the above treated DESs were collected, the extraction yield with the same method reached 95.23%, indicating that the method of macroporous resin can be used for efficient and simple recovery and reuse. This study suggests that DESs can be used as a kind of sustainable and efficient natural extraction solvents for extraction of flavonoids from Prunella vulgaris., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

To establish a random forest algorithm for identifying and classifying different brands of Xiasangju granules, and provide effective reference for identifying multi-index complex fingerprint. HPLC method was used to collect the fingerprint of 83 batches of Xiasangju granules from different manufacturers. The classification of Xiasangju granules samples based on chromatographic fingerprints was identified by chemometric methods including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest analysis (RF). The superiority of the above three chemometric methods was compared. The results showed that the fingerprints of 83 batches of Xiasangju granules were established in this study. PCA could only explicate 56.52% variance contribution rate and could not completely classify the samples; PLS-DA analysis was superior to PCA, explicating 63.43% variance contribution rate and could obtain certain separation; RF could well classify the samples into 3 types, and the predication accuracy of the proposed method was 96.5%. Therefore, The results indicate that RF combined with HPLC fingerprint could effectively construct traditional Chinese medicine quality control and analysis system., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: Essential hypertension may begin at childhood. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors of hypertension and detect the evolvement tracking of blood pressure in childhood., Methods: In this study, we followed up blood pressure changes in 4623 school children (6 - 15 years-old) from 1987 to 2005 in Hanzhong rural area. A total of 152 children were grouped to higher blood pressure group [systolic blood pressure (P(SBP)) >or= 75(th) (P(75))] and 140 children grouped to normal blood pressure group [P(SBP) < 50(th) (P(50))] and their blood pressure were re-measure 18-years later., Results: The total follow-up rate was 70.2%. Follow-up blood pressure was significantly higher in higher blood pressure group at baseline than that in normal blood pressure group at baseline (P < 0.05). The hypertension rate at follow up was significantly higher in higher blood pressure group at baseline than that in normal blood pressure group at baseline (28.0% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.01). The risk for hypertension was 6.88 greater in higher blood pressure group at baseline than that in normal blood pressure group at baseline., Conclusions: Higher blood pressure at childhood is a risk of developing hypertension at adulthood.

Objective: To test the effect of Tanshinone II A nanoparticles on the expression of MMP-2., Methods: Thirty five male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. In group A (15 rabbits), the carotid arteries of the rabbits were stripped. In group B (5 rabbits) and C (15 rabbits), nanoparticles and Tanshinone II A nanoparticles were perfused respectively in the denudated arteries of the rabbits. The neointimal areas and the IOD values of MMP-2 secretion were measured., Results: A significant reduction of neointimal hyperplasia in group C was found compared to the other two groups in terms of the intimal area and the intima-media ratio. Group C had significant lower IOD values than group A., Conclusion: Local administration of nanoparticles with incorporated Tanshinone I A not only inhibits neointimal hyperplasia but also inhibits the expression of MMP-2 in stripped arteries.