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To address the issues of low grinding efficiency and the tendency of blockage and burning of the grinding wheel when working with ceramic materials using traditional resin and electroplated diamond grinding wheels, the feasibility of using brazed diamond technology to prepare a multilayer brazed diamond grinding wheel for ceramic grinding is analyzed. Combined with the optimization of filler metal composition, a multilayer brazed diamond grinding wheel with a slotted structure is prepared, and the grinding performance of 99.9% high-purity Al2O3 ceramics is tested. The results show that resin and electroplated diamond grinding wheels suffer from low grinding efficiency and insufficient grinding life, respectively. Single-layer brazed diamond grinding wheels exhibit high grinding efficiency but have limited grinding life. Multilayer brazed diamond grinding wheels show obvious advantages in terms of grinding life while maintaining high grinding efficiency, being about 60% higher than that of single-layer brazed diamond grinding wheels. During the ceramic material grinding process, the multilayer brazed diamond grinding wheel demonstrates remarkable grinding effectiveness. Despite the limited exposed height of abrasive particles, the slotting design significantly enhances chip removal, preventing the wheel's surface from bonding and blocking with ceramic powder.

Based on the characteristics of aluminum alloy and the demanding requirements of high-gloss machining quality，a polyether polyol ester lubricant was synthesized using castor oil acid and methoxy polyethylene glycol as raw materials， and a new type of synthetic high-gloss cutting fluid was developed using a maleic anhydride composite of boric acid and ternary carboxylic acid as rust inhibitors.Comparative studies were conducted on the lubrication performance， corrosion resistance to aluminum alloy， rust prevention， defoaming， and hard water resistance of this synthetic high-gloss cutting fluid against commonly available imported and domestic cutting fluids on the market.Results showed that compared with imported and domestic cutting fluids，the maximum non jamming load PB value of high-gloss cutting fluid was 735 N，which was better than imported cutting fluid (686 N) and domestic cutting fluid (588 N).The threading torque value of the high-gloss cutting fluid was the lowest， followed by the imported and then the domestic diluted cutting fluid， suggesting superior lubrication of the high-glosscutting fluid.The 24 h corrosion test showed that the corrosion resistance of high-gloss cutting fluid to aluminum alloy was grade A， which reached the level of imported cutting fluid and is better than domestic cutting fluid.Additionally， the high-gloss cutting fluid exhibited commendable rust prevention， excellent defoaming， and favorable hard water resistance.

In order to study the oxidation corrosion protection of key components of carrier aero engine, the high temperature oxidation behavior of the Ni-based powder metallurgy(PM) superalloys FGH4095 and FGH4096 in air at the temperature range of 750-1100 ℃ was investigated. The oxidation kinetics curves were determined by static weighing method. The structure, composition, and morphology of the surface oxide scale as well as its cross section were analyzed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that two kinds of alloys belong to the grade of full oxidation resistance at 750-900 ℃ and oxidation resistance at 1000-1100 ℃. The actual service temperature of both alloys is below 900 ℃, so they exhibit excellent oxidation resistance in their operating temperature range.At 750-900 ℃, the oxidation resistance of the two alloys is similar without obvious difference. The oxide film is intact without peeling.The oxide films of FGH4095 and FGH4096 are composed of two layers after high temperature oxidation. The internal layer is mainly Al2O3.The outer layer of FGH4095 is composed of Cr2O3, Nb2O5 and TiO2. The outer layer of FGH4096 is composed of only Cr2O3 and TiO2.At 1100 ℃, both alloys are obviously oxidized and a large number of oxide scales crack. Due to the different compositions of the alloys, the oxidation resistance of the two alloys varies greatly at this temperature.In contrast, FGH4095 alloy exhibits better oxidation resistance.

The time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry can reflect the deformation process of landslides effectively. On September 14, 2019, a landslide occurred in Tongwei County, Gansu Province. However, whether the landslide had occurred slow deformation before the disaster and the cause of the landslide are worth tracing and discussing. In this paper, based on the Sentinel1-A ascent/descent data released by the European Space Agency (ESA), the two-dimensional deformation characteristics and sliding factors before the Tongwei landslide in Gansu Province were analyzed by SBAS-InSAR technique. The results show that there is continuous deformation of the landslide from September 2018 to September 2019, and the deformation variable increases with the passage of time, so the landslide is not a sudden event. Before the landslide occurred, the maximum cumulative shape variables in the vertical direction and east-west direction were 18.25 mm and 32.85 mm respectively. Based on the results of the two-dimensional time series, the distance analysis and the comparative analysis of rainfall show that the Kushui River and rainfall are the two main inducements of the landslide. The InSAR traceback results further verify the application potential of satellite-borne radar interferometry technology in landslide detection, which is a powerful tool for landslide identification and early warning, disaster prevention, and mitigation.

In order to get blueberries goes on sale in advance and obtain greater economic benefits, southern blueberries were moved to an intelligent greenhouse with controllable environment for experimental production. The early maturing production control technology of southern blueberry intelligent greenhouse was explored and studied. First, a detailed and comprehensive investigation and summary were conducted on the production factors of blueberry soilless cultivation, such as the production characteristics of various blueberry varieties, the pH and composition of the substrate, the key points of water and fertilizer irrigation, and the scope of the microenvironment climate. Then, the existing Venlo-type greenhouse was deployed for blueberry production, and the geography, climate and internal structural conditions of the greenhouse were briefly described, and the greenhouse blueberry full-cycle control goal was planned. Finally, the production control system was designed and implemented based on the Internet of Things technology, and the overall framework of the software layer, the hardware layer and the cloud were introduced. Based on multi-factor coordinated control model of greenhouse environment, according to the characteristics of blueberry growth environment, a set of blueberry greenhouse multi-factor coordinated control algorithms were proposed and used for environmental regulation. The experimental greenhouse is located in the southeast of Huaqiao Town, Kunshan city, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province. It has been verified that the overall control system has a significant effect, and the first wave of fruits was harvested in early May 2021, making the southern variety of blueberry enter the fruit picking period nearly one month earlier. Compared with the blueberry plants without cold storage, the yields per plant of "Star" "Emerald" "Lanmei No. 1", and "Coast" after cold storage increased by 51.5%, 85.5%, 43.8%, and 94.7%, respectively, and the weight of each fruit was increased 10.9%, 7.2%, 2.6%, and 5.3%, respectively. Experiments proved that the use of multi-factor coordinated control algorithms for regulation can increase the yield and quality of blueberries and achieve significant economic benefits and provide a demonstration for the industrialization of blueberry plants in southern greenhouses to promote early maturity production and management.

Since 2020, the COVID-19 has accelerated the process of global energy transition. The production and operation of oil and gas companies have been constrained by both climate change and market decline, and the lowcarbon transformation strategy has attracted widespread attention. Based on the analysis of the background of strategic transformation of oil and gas companies, the strategic choice under the vision of carbon neutrality was discussed in detail, which is mainly divided into five aspects: (1) Significantly reduce capital expenditure, investment attitude is more prudent. (2) Large-scale asset impairment operations, the scale of a decade of record high. (3) Focus more on upstream and downstream core assets, and further transform to low carbon terminal. (4) Different types of oil companies have adopted different clean and low-carbon strategies. Among them, European oil companies prefer to develop diversified clean and lowcarbon businesses, American oil companies pay more attention to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and other businesses, and some national oil companies also put forward short and medium term emission reduction targets to follow the trend of energy transition. (5) The heat of oil and gas mergers and acquisitions has slowed down significantly, and low-carbon mergers and acquisitions are favored. Finally, some suggestions were put forward for Chinese oil and gas companies, providing reference for the sustainable development of Chinese oil and gas enterprises.

For improving the reliability and efficiency of the dynamics analysis for planar linkage,the corresponding vector bond graph procedure based on generalized velocity is proposed. By the kinematic analysis of mechanism,the relation matrix between mechanism velocity vector,the capacitance field velocity vector,the inertia field velocity vector,the resistive field velocity vector,the source field velocity vector and generalized velocity vector are established. Based on these,the vector bond graph model of planar linkage based on generalized velocity is established. By the corresponding algorithm,the automatic dynamics modeling,calculation and analysis of planar six bar press mechanism on a computer is realized,the influence of pulse working load on mechanism driving moment is revealed,and the validity of the procedure proposed is verified.

In view of the high rework rate and lack of collaborative design and intelligent information processing in traditional building design processes, this paper proposes an energy-saving design method for green buildings based on BIM technology. Starting from the principles of green building design, design preparation, and design concepts, this method establishes an overall plan for energy-saving design. Furthermore, through a comparative analysis of traditional computer-aided architectural design and BIM green building technology, the paper elaborates on the connotation of energy-saving design elements, including the selection of modeling software, energy-saving design of building envelope structures, and lighting energy-saving design. The paper also presents an evaluation method for the energy-saving effect of green buildings based on BIM, providing a theoretical foundation and application support for the application of BIM technology in the field of green buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractal dimension is a fundamental index used to describe the complexity of coastlines. However, the traditional method of calculating divider dimensions using hand-drawn circles is no longer suitable for studying coastlines at large spatial scales due to its limited accuracy and lack of convenience in the current information age. Therefore, this paper developed an automated software based on the principle of the divider method, using the open-source PyQGIS. This software accurately and conveniently calculated the divider dimensions of Chinese mainland coastline, various sea area coastlines, and different province coastlines. Furthermore, the divider dimensions calculated by the software were compared and analyzed with the box-counting dimensions obtained through the box-counting method. It is found as follows. ➀ Compared with the traditional hand-drawn divider method, the automated divider method can ensure computational speed and accuracy while extending the calculation scale, and the obtained divider dimension is generally higher than the box-counting dimension obtained by the box-counting method. ➁ The divider dimension of Chinese mainland coastline in 2020 is 1.194 8, while the divider dimensions of the north and south of Hangzhou Bay are 1.170 4 and 1.217 5, respectively, indicating a higher complexity in the coastline on the south of Hangzhou Bay. ➂ The fractal dimension of Chinese mainland coastline exhibits substantial spatial variations, showing a pattern of higher values in the north and south and lower values in the middle. At the sea area level, the divider dimension of the coastline is the largest (1.209 1) in the South China Sea area and the smallest (1.156 3) in the South Yellow Sea area. At the provincial level, the divider dimension of the coastline is the largest (1.290 4) in Tianjin and the smallest (1.087 5) in Shanghai. This study demonstrates that the automated divider method offers a convenient and robust calculation tool for analyzing the fractal dimension of coastlines. It enhances computational efficiency and accuracy while providing technical support and serving as a reference for decision-making in the investigation and comprehensive management of coastlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block J-XC is a common heavy oil reservoir with high porosity and permeability, shallow reservoir burial, and thin thickness. Due to high viscous resistance in the water flooding process, small effect range of water flooding, low reservoir productivity and low recovery rate by water flooding, it is necessary to change the development method and employ polymer flooding method to enhance the oil recovery. On the basis of polymer injectivity evaluation, the injection parameters and injection-production relationship of polymer flooding were optimized by core flow test and numerical simulation, including the mass concentration of polymer injection, injection volume, injection rate, well pattern, well spacing, injection-production ratio, so as to obtain the best injection parameters and injection-production relationship. The result shows that the injectivity and high utilization efficiency of the polymer were actualized under the conditions of 2 100x104 relative molecular mass of the polymer, 1 500 mg/L injection mass concentration and 0. 400 times of pore volume; the optimal reservoir engineering parameters were a five-spot pattern, a reasonable injection-production well spacing of 150 m, an injection rate of 0.070 times the pore volume per year, and an injection ratio of 1.1 to 1.2 for different thicknesses of oil reservoirs according to their optimal single-well daily injection volumes. The pilot test in the field proves the significant effect of increasing oil and decreasing water cut in the target well cluster. As of June 2021, the cumulative injection rate of polymer is 0.228 times the pore volume, and the cumulative oil increase is 5.06x104t, the recovery factor is enhanced by 6.75 percentage points and the water cut is decreased by 15.8 percentage points. There is much for reference of the results to the optimization of polymer flooding parameters and reservoir engineering design in shallow ordinary heavy oil reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the opposite charge agglomeration of polyelectrolyte chitosan and sodium alginate mixed solution, a core-shell spinneret was used and the mixed spinning solution of chitosan added with calcium chloride and sodium alginate spinning solution were passed through the shell and the core of the spinneret respectively. After extrusion, a slow ion complexation occurs between the two polyelectrolyte solutions and sodium alginate slowly becomes calcium alginate with the permeating of calcium chloride molecular. The complexed blend solution was extended under gravity, washed and dried to obtain a composite monofament with uniform and dense structure. The analysis of the structures and properties of the composite monofilament shows that the concentration of chitosan aqueous solution was 2%, the addition amount of calcium chloride solution is 7% of the mass of the chitosan solution, and the concentration of sodium alginate solution 1.5%, and the strength of the composite monofilament reaches 1.14 cN/dtex, which is 55.4% higher than that of the composite monofilament without calcium chloride, and its swelling ratio after soaking in water for 1 h reaches 33.2, indicating that the dressing made of the composite monofilament has a broad prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the efficacy and safety of hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy (DPT) in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.Methods·Seventy-eight patients with postherpetic neuralgia who visited the Department of Pain of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2019 to December 2022 were selected. The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a research group in a 1∶1 ratio, with 39 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional analgesic solution, while the research group was treated with traditional analgesic solution combined with DPT. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patients' pain level before and after treatment, flow cytometry was used to measure the patients' T-cell subsets, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 cytokines. The VAS scores were compared between the two groups of patients before and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. CD4+/CD8+, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions before and 2 weeks after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results·There was no statistically significant difference in sex ratio, age, and disease duration between the two groups of patients. The VAS scores of the two groups of patients at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P

This work concerns the electrochemical behaviors of La3+ on W electrodes in the LiCl-KCl-LaCl3 molten salt at 723-813 K. The results show that La3+ is reduced at about -2.04 V(vs. Ag/AgCl) on inert W electrode, which is a one-step three-electron transfer process. The redox potential, Gibbs free energy and activity coefficient of La3+/La are calculated by open circuit chronopotentiometry on W electrode in LiCl-KCl-LaCl3 molten salt. Potentiometric titration was used to study the reaction of lanthanum chloride with oxide ions. The titration curve shows that the precipitate of oxide is LaOCl. According to the experimental apparent electrode potential, activity coefficient and relevant thermodynamic data, the phase diagram of La-O stability was drawn. The stable phase diagram of E-pO2- shows that LaOCl is the most stable compound in the range of higher O2- concentration at 723 K.

Objective To understand the application and research progress of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies related to gastric cancer and provide a scientific basis for gastric cancer prevention. Methods Published studies on risk factors of gastric cancer based on MR methods were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and WANFANG DATA from the establishment of each database to November 19th, 2022. Two researchers examined the eligibility of studies, extracted key information, and assessed the research quality independently. Results A total of 30 publications published from 2016 to 2022 were included in the study, and 20 were judged to be of high quality. These studies examined the relationship between behaviors and lifestyle factors, anthropometric characteristics, indicators of biological exposure, and other pathological conditions and gastric cancer, and the results suggest potential causal associations between smoking and other factors and the risk of gastric cancer. Conclusion Previous MR studies extensively investigated the causal association between internal and external exposures or traits and gastric cancer and provided positive evidence of gastric cancer etiology. However, MR studies may be subject to methodological limitations. Interpretation of results needs to be approached with caution, which necessitates the integration with biological plausibility and evidence from observation studies.

The co-flow jet(CFJ)is a new concept flow control method based on blowing and suction technology.Since it was proposed,it has gradually attracted extensive attention.This paper reviews the basic principles,concepts,research methods and progress of CFJ.The development of the CFJ concept is retrospected.The basic principle,wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation are introduced.The application research on airfoils/wings,control surfaces,rotating blades and conceptual aircraft design are presented.Finally,five problems in the research of the CFJare proposed,including the air source of CFJ,3D and dynamic CFJresearch,torque problems caused by CFJ control,aerodynamic/structural integration design and installation of CFJ,and power consumption of CFJ,which provide reference for further CFJresearch.

The aerodynamic characteristics of the vertical tail of an aircraft are directly related to the size and weight of the vertical tail. Increasing the lift force of the vertical tail using flow control can further reduce the size of the vertical tail,which is of practical significance for reducing the weight of the structure. The computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method is used to perform the numerical simulation for the active flow control of vertical tail using the co-flow jet technique. The influence law of jet momentum coefficient on continuous co-flow jet and the influence law of jet momentum coefficient and the paramaters of jet momentum coefficient,blockage ratio,injection hole number on discrete co-flow jet are studied. The results show that for the continuous co-flow jet,with the increase of jet momentum coefficient,the effectiveness of lift enhancement,drag reduction and separation suppression becomes more significant. For the discrete co-flow jet,the effectiveness of lift enhancement gradually decreases with the increase of the blockage ratio,and the power consumption also decreases at the same time. With the increase of the discrete hole number,the lift enhancement effect first increases and then decreases,and the comprehensive aerodynamic efficiency considering energy consumption is improved.

A ternary alloy strengthened by the phase with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure with composition of Mg97.5Gd1.9Zn0.6 (atom fraction/%) was prepared by conventional permanent mold casting. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in as-cast, as-annealed, as-extruded and extruded-T5 alloy were systematically investigated by OM,SEM,TEM and electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy consists of the α-Mg matrix, (Mg,Zn)3Gd eutectic and lamellar 14H-LPSO phase. Annealing at 510℃ results in the transformation of (Mg,Zn)3Gd into the block-shaped 14H-LPSO phase. According to the distribution and morphology of the 14H-LPSO phase observed in the microstructure after annealing, the peritectoid transformation (Mg,Zn)3Gd +α-Mg→14H-LPSO possibly occurs during annealing. The lamellar 14H-LPSO and β' p precipitates have also been observed in the alloy during extruded-T5 treatment. Under the combined action of 14H-LPSO toughening and precipitation strengthening, the aged sample shows the best tensile properties at room temperature:ultimate tensile strength of 361 MPa, yield strength of 216 MPa and elongation of 6.9%.

Dynamic stall control is of great significance for enhancement of the airfoil aerodynamic characteristics. In the present study, the co-flow jet(CFJ) flow control method is numerically investigated to control the dynamic stall caused by the pitching airfoil. Two aspects regarding the CFJ implementation are studied: one is the effect of the CFJ channel on the dynamic stall characteristics when the jet is switched off and another is the effect of jet momentum coefficient on the dynamic stall control effectiveness when the CFJ is activated. Results show that the jet channel will significantly affect the aerodynamic characteristics in the attached flow regime during pitching up, but not have obvious influence on the aerodynamic characteristics in the massively separating regime during the pitching down process. When the jet is activated, the dynamic stall characteristics is significantly improved. The areas of the hysteresis lines are significantly reduced, and the lift is significantly increased, and drag is reduced. The peaks of the drag and moment are significantly reduced. Moreover, the negative damping existing in the moment coefficient hysteresis line of the baseline airfoil is removed, leading to a completely positive damping during the entire pitching cycle.

The unsteady flow field around a ducted-propeller configuration has been numerically simulated by solving compressible Euler equations based on unstructured overset grids, and the effects of the tip clearance, the propeller location and the duct diffuser included angle are investigated. The computational domain is divided into two overlapping subzones, a rotational one and a stationary one. The rotational subzone contains the blades and the rotating hub, while the stationary subzone contains the duct and a part of stationary hub. The method of overset grids is used to simulate the relative motion between the blades and the duct, and the detailed flow field around the propeller is obtained. The calculated results have a good agreement with the experimental data, and the results show that performance of the ducted propeller improves while reducing the tip clearance or reasonably moving the propeller backwards or increasing the duct diffuser included angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer-aided tool selection (CATS) is one of CAPP system functions and plays a very important role in metal removal processes. As the geometry of free-form surfaces varies significantly, it is difficult to infer any rules or equations to determine the optimum cutting tools. The methods, which realize the automatic selection of cutting tools in three steps, i.e. roughing, semi-roughing and finishing, during metal removal processes, were discussed based on solid models in specific optimization objectives, and a mathematical optimization model of cutting tools selection for rough cut was built. All proposed algorithms were implemented under UG/Open API environments, and an example case was given to show their feasibility and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new fatigue damage model is established by introducing an isotropic damage variable into the LemaitreChaboche plastic damage theory. Based on this model,a fatigue life equation is determined,that can reasonably characterize the influence of the material property,tri-axial stress ratio and stress amplitude on the fatigue life of material. The fatigue life of gears is investigated. The results show that theoretical prediction fits well with the S-N curve given by practical measuring.

To replace mineral based lubricants and prepare vegetable oil-based lubricants with good stability, easy degradation and environmental friendliness, trimethylolpropane palmitoleate(TMPTO) was synthesized using natural product palmitoleic acid and trimethylolpropane as raw materials, and acidic cation resin Amberlyst as a heterogeneous catalyst. The effects of preparation conditions on the esterification rate of TMPTO were studied, and the optimal synthesis parameters were determined. The physical properties of TMPTO, including kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and flash point were tested. The structure and thermal oxidative stability of TMPTO were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TG). The anti-wear performance, wettability and anti-aluminum corrosion properties of TMPTO were evaluated using a four-ball testing machine, contact angle goniometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF), respectively. Results showed that under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 180 ℃, a vacuum degree of 0.09 MPa, an alcohol-to-acid molar ratio of 1.0∶3.1, a reaction time of 5 h, and a catalyst amount of 0.2%(mass fraction), the esterification rate of palmitic acid reached 81.53%. After four uses of the catalyst, the esterification rate remained at 81.15%. The synthesized trimethylolpropane palmitoleate had an acid value of only 1.87 mg KOH/g, a high flash point(238 ℃), and exhibited excellent anti-aluminum corrosion performance, wettability, thermal oxidative stability and extreme pressure anti-wear properties: the maximum non-seizure load(PB) was ≤88 kg, and the maximum sintering load(PD) was ≤620 kg.

Aiming at the error caused by the forcing analysis on the cycloid ball planetary transmission through the ball system and solving sum term inaccuracy to the elastic rotation angle,an exact solution of elastic rotation angle is presented by using the meshing stiffness coefficient and the numerical analysis software,and the changing law of dynamic rotation angle is explained. The model of force analysis and mathematical model are established,the expression of elastic rotation angle parameter is obtained. The concept of torsional stiffness is presented,and through the change of torsional stiffness,the changing nature of the dynamic rotation angle is reflected. The Fourier series expansion of the torsional stiffness in a period is carried out,the influence of different parameters on torsion stiffness is analyzed,and the simulation experiments are carried out. The results show that with the increasing of the short amplitude coefficient,rolling circle radius,number of steel balls and the ball radius values,the torsional stiffness coefficient and amplitude becomes larger,the influence of the number of steel balls on the rotational stiffness coefficient is the greatest.

The paper introduced operation situation of 35 kV power lines of Yangmei Coal Group, analyzed causes why lightning accident happened frequently in term of influence of topography, existing lightning protection measures and line insulation configuration, and proposed lightning protection measures such as removing lightning eliminators, using double-circuit transmission line unbalanced insulation configuration and installing line arrester. The actual running results showed that the reformed transmission line has better effect of lightning protection.

In order to judge the mildew degree of wheat seeds quickly and accurately, this study proposed a qualitative analysis method for moldy wheat using terahertz time-domain (THz-TDS) spectroscopy combined with support vector (SVM), random forest (RF) or extreme learning machine (ELM). According to the content of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), wheat seeds were classified into four types: normal, slight mildew, moderate mildew and severe mildew. Spectral data in the band of 0.1–4.0 THz were obtained using a CCT-1800 THz spectrometer. The effects of different spectral pretreatment methods on the results discrimination were examined, and three dimensionality reduction methods, principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), were used to reduce the dimension of spectral data. LDA was found to be the best method. Finally, a model based on SVM, RF or ELM was constructed. The SVM model had the best classification effect. When polynomial kernel function was chosen and error penalty coefficient was 1, the accuracy of discrimination was 98.61% and the root mean square error of prediction was 0.142 9. This study confirms that THz spectroscopy can be applied for accurate detection of wheat mildew, which can provide a detection approach for food safety and grain storage and detection.

Background China is seeing increasingly osteoporosis prevalence as ageing marches on. However, the specific etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis are still unclear, and there are still limitations in its prevention and treatment. Objective To investigate osteoporosis prevalence and associated factors in older Chinese patients with stable chronic conditions. Methods Three hundred and two elderly inpatients with stable chronic conditions who underwent a reexamination in Department of Geriatrics, Yunnan First People's Hospital from November 2020 to September 2021 were recruited. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) . T value ≤-2.5 was defined as osteoporosis. Demographic data were collected. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was conducted via a self-developed online platform named Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Fasting venous blood samples were collected and measured for serum biomarkers. Results Among the patients, 126 (41.7%) were found with osteoporosis, and other 176 (58.3%) without. Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that insomnia〔OR=2.180, 95%CI (1.080, 4.443) 〕, multiple chronic conditions〔OR=1.223, 95%CI (1.101, 1.358) 〕, elevated homocysteine〔OR=1.043, 95%CI (1.000, 1.088) 〕 were associated with increased risk of osteoporosis (P

Objective To investigate the effects of sepsis and HIF-1α agonist or inhibitor on intestinal mucosal barrier(IBM) function. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with 6 in each as follows:sham operation group (sham), sepsis group treated with cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), (sepsis+HIF-1α agonist)/(sepsis+DMOG) group receiving intra-peritoneal injection of HIF-1α agonist DMOG (40 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days before CLP, (sepsis+HIF-1α inhibitor)/(sepsis+BAY87-2243) group orally administered with HIF-1α inhibitor BAY87-2243(9 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days before CLP. Plasma intestinal permeability markers of diamine oxidase (DAO), intestinal type fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), D-lactic acid and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4) were detected by ELISA. Morphological changes of intestinal mucosa were detected by HE staining. HIF-1α and TJs protein expression were detected by Western blot. Results Sepsis caused pathological damage, increased permeability (P＜0.05), up-regulation of HIF-1α and down-regulation of tight junctions (TJs) expression in intestinal mucosa of rats with sepsis(P＜0.05); Addition of DMOG alleviated intestinal mucosal pathological damage and decreased intestinal mucosal per- meability (P＜0.05); While rats treated with BAY87-2243 showed the opposite result. Conclusions HIF-1α agonist can significantly reduce intestinal mucosal permeability in sepsis, and this effect is significantly counteracted by its inhibitor. It is suggested that HIF-1α upregulation may protect intestinal mucosa aganist sepsis.

To revise the interference statistics of an integrated navigation system, a particle filtering algorithm was adopted to discriminate the systematic error of the statistics. And the modified particle filtering algorithm changes the weights of particles to suppress the interference when a single channel subjects to interference and tends to divergence. The simulation results show that the modified particle filtering algorithm is able to keep the system even for the divergence of a superior function by reducing the error efficiently and increasing the accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the molecular etiology of Perrault syndrome by analyzing the clinical phenotype and pathogenic gene variants of 2 male patients with bilateral severe sensorineural deafness. Methods: Two male patients with Perrault syndrome characterized by severe sensonrineual deafness adimitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between February 2021 and March 2022 were selected, and the clinical phenotype and pathogenic gene variants of them and their family members were summarized. The whole exome sequencing technology was used to screen the pathogenic variants of the probands, and the candidate variants were determined by combining with clinical phenotype. The probands and their family members were verified by the Sanger sequencing method. Results: The whole exome sequencing results showed that the proband of family 1 had a compound heterozygous variants of the LARS2 (NM_015340.4) gene c.1565C>A (p.Thr522Asn) and c.1079T>C (p.Ile360Thr). The reported pathogenic variant c.1565C>A came from the mother, and the novel variant c.1079T>C came from the father. The second proband harbored compound heterozygous variants of HARS2 gene (NM_012208.4) c.1273C>T (p.Arg425Trp) and c.1403G>C (p.Gly468Ala), with the former from the proband's mother, the latter from the father. The c.1273C>T was novel and c.1403G>C was the reported pathogenic variant. All above variants were respectively classified as pathogenic, uncertain significance, uncertain significance and likely pathogenic based on the ACMG guidelines. Conclusion: This study expands the mutational spectrum of LARS2 and HARS2 genes, which highlights that genetic testing plays an important role in the early diagnosis of syndromic deafness.

To study the responses of radial growth of Juniperus przewalskii to climate factors of the different periods (pre-growing season (February-April), growing season (May-July)), and the vulnerability (resistance, R T ; recovery, R C ) of J. przewalskii to different drought events (precipitation, temperature and the both caused), we used tree ring width data of J. przewalskii from 17 sampling sites across the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to analyze the correlation between radial growth and climate factors of different periods, and the vulnerability in different drought events. The results showed that radial growth of J. przewalskii had significant positive correlation with drought index and negative correlation with temperature in the growing season ( P <0.1). The vulnerability of J. przewalskii to drought events of different periods had significant difference. In the pre-growing season drought events, the R T of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 2.3% higher than that at high altitude, the R C of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 25.1% lower than that at high altitude. For drought events in the growing season, the R T of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 23.7% lower than that at high altitude, the R C of J. przewalskii at low altitude was 107.1% higher than that at high altitude. The mean R C (1.68) of J. przewalskii in precipitation-caused drought events was strong, while the mean R T (1.43) of J. przewalskii in temperature-caused drought events was strong. The growth of J. przewalskii , especially for that at low altitude, would be largely limited by drought caused by global warming in the future.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antitussive, expectorant, and anti-asthmatic effects of Qinbaohong Oral Liquid in mouse experiments and explore its action mechanism based on network pharmacology. The mouse auricle swelling was induced by xylene for detecting the anti-inflammatory effect of Qinbaohong Oral Liquid, whose antitussive effect was then examined in mice with cough after exposure to ammonium hydroxide. The expectorant effect was determined based on the excretion of phenol red into the mouse trachea. The mouse model of asthma induced by histamine phosphate and acetylcholine chloride was used to observe the anti-asthmatic effect. The chemical components of Qinbaohong Oral Liquid were retrieved from TCMSP and literature, followed by target prediction based on BATMAN-TCM. The targets of inflammation, cough, expectoration, and asthma collected from GeneCards were intersected with drug targets for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis using Metascape. The results were imported into STRING for exploring protein-protein interactions and screening the key targets. As demonstrated by our findings, Qinbaohong Oral Liquid at 4.5 and 9.0 mL·kg~(-1) obviously decreased the weight(P&lt;0.05) and thickness(P&lt;0.01) of the right swelling ear and also the weight diffe-rence(swelling degree) between the two ears(P&lt;0.05), prolonged the incubation period of cough(P&lt;0.05), reduced the frequency of cough within 3 min(P&lt;0.05), and increased the excretion of phenol red into the mouse trachea(P&lt;0.01). Qinbaohong Oral Li-quid at 2.3, 4.5, and 9.0 mL·kg~(-1) dramatically prolonged the incubation period of asthma(P&lt;0.05). A total of 324 chemical components and 1 245 targets were harvested for the Qinbaohong Oral Liquid, together with 10 272 inflammation targets, 4 400 cough targets, 192 expectoration targets, and 7 533 asthma targets. Their intersection revealed that the anti-inflammatory, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic effects of Qinbaohong Oral Liquid were correlated with such GO biological processes as the regulation of ion transport and blood circulation and such KEGG pathways as cancer-related signaling pathways and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Qinbaohong Oral Liquid has been confirmed by both experiments and network pharmacology analysis to be efficient in anti-inflammation, stopping cough, eliminating phlegm, and relieving asthma.

To explore the potential effective components and mechanism of Zhishe Tongluo Capsules in the treatment of ischemic stroke via network pharmacology, molecular docking and cellular experiment. The chemical constituents of Zhishe Tongluo Capsules were found by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM and literatures. The constituents-target network was predicted by BATMAN-TCM database. Key words such as cerebral stroke, ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemic stroke were used to search ischemic stroke related targets, and then Venny Map was constructed based on the targets of traditional Chinese medicine and the targets of ischemic stroke. The overlapping targets were imported into STRING database to establish the interaction network. Furthermore, the core targets were screened out by Cytoscape software. Go and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed through DVIAD database. The results showed a total of 193 potential chemical constituents, 985 drug targets and 6 035 disease targets. There were 631 potential targets, 44 core targets and 55 potential active components for treating ischemic stroke through Venny mapping. GO enrichment analysis mainly involved response to hypoxia and positive regulation of ERK1/ERK2. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved cholinergic synapse, cAMP signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. Molecular docking data revealed that TP53, EGFR, IL6, INS, TNF and SRC had a good capability to bind with their corresponding active components. To ensure the protective effect Zhishe Tongluo Capsules on the inflammation reaction, an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells was built. The contents of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant were significantly decreased by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The findings suggested that Zhishe Tongluo Capsules could prevent the injury of ischemic stroke by inhibiting the inflammation.

Objective: To explore the pathogenic variants of a family with syndromic deafness by high-throughput sequencing. Methods: The family was from Puyang City, Henan Province, and had four members, including two with syndromic deafness. The proband and his sister had congenital deafness, and their parents had normal phenotypes. The clinical phenotype of the family was characterized using clinical examinations and pedigree analysis. The clinical examinations included imaging examination, audiometry (pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance, brainstem auditory evoked potential, and otoacoustic emission), vestibular function test, and ophthalmic examination (visual acuity test, visual field test, fundus examination, visual evoked potential, and electroretinogram). Target exome sequencing of 129 known deafness genes and bioinformatics analysis were used to screen suspected pathogenic variants. Sanger sequencing and minigene assay were used to verify and functionally investigate the mutation detected, respectively. According to the standards and guidelines for interpreting genetic variants proposed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variants c.6049G>A and c.8699A>G were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic, and the variant c.9856C>G was classified as variants of uncertain significance. Results: The probands and his sister had severe sensorineural hearing loss with decreased binocular vision, night blindness, decreased peripheral visual field sensitivity and partial visual field defect, and normal vestibular function. Both of them had three CDH23 mutations, including CDH23 (NM&#95;022124.5) c.6049G>A (p.Gly2017Ser),c.9856C>G (p.His3286Asp), and c.8699A>G (p. Asp2900Gly), The first two were inherited from the father, and the last one was from the mother. The missense variants c.9856C>G and c.8699A>G were not included in the gnomad database. The missense mutation c.6049G>A was located in the last position of exon 46 and was predicted to affect splicing by bioinformatics software. The minigene experiment showed that the mutation cause exon skipping of exon 46, resulting in an abnormal protein. Conclusions: Compound heterozygous variations of the CDH23 are the leading cause of USH1D in the family. This study confirms that the compound heterozygosity of splicing and missense variants of the CDH23 gene could lead to USH1D.

There is urgent need to discover effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The development of a bioinformatic tool is beneficial to predict the efficacy of TCM against COVID-19. Here we deve-loped a prediction platform TCMATCOV to predict the efficacy of the anti-coronavirus pneumonia effect of TCM, based on the interaction network imitating the disease network of COVID-19. This COVID-19 network model was constructed by protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes in mouse pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and cytokines specifically up-regulated by COVID-19. TCMATCOV adopted quantitative evaluation algorithm of disease network disturbance after multi-target drug attack to predict potential drug effects. Based on the TCMATCOV platform, 106 TCM were calculated and predicted. Among them, the TCM with a high disturbance score account for a high proportion of the classic anti-COVID-19 prescriptions used by clinicians, suggesting that TCMATCOV has a good prediction ability to discover the effective TCM. The five flavors of Chinese medicine with a disturbance score greater than 1 are mainly spicy and bitter. The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. The TCM related with QI and warm TCM have higher disturbance score. As a prediction tool for anti-COVID-19 TCM prescription, TCMATCOV platform possesses the potential to discovery possible effective TCM against COVID-19.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes for cancer-related death among women worldwide. Coptidis Rhizoma has antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities,but whether exercise could synergistically promote the role of RC in the treatment of breast cancer has not been reported. In this experiment,the effects and mechanism of total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma combined with exercise on the tumor growth of orthotopically transplanted 4 T1 breast cancer were systemically studied in mice. Balb/C mice transplanted with 4 T1 cells in situ were used as models. The total alkaloids of RC(145 mg·kg-1·d-1) alone or in combination with exercise(10 m·min-1,30 min/time,5 times/week) were given for 28 days,and then the changes in body weight and tumor volume,tumor weight,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),serum estradiol(E2) content,and expression levels of estrogen receptor α(ERα),cell cycle related proteins CDK4,CDK6,cyclin D1,CDK2,and cyclin E in tumor tissues. The results showed that total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma could significantly inhibit the growth of 4 T1 breast cancer in mice(P< 0. 01),and exercise significantly promoted the anti-tumor activity of total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma(P<0. 01),and reduced E2 and IL-1β levels in mice. Western blot and flow cytometry showed that the total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma combined with exercise could down-regulate the protein expression levels of ERα,CDK4,CDK6,cyclin D1,CDK2 and cyclin E in cancer cells,block the transformation of G1/S in 4 T1 cell cycle,and inhibit DNA synthesis in breast cancer cells. The total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma combined with exercise showed synergistic effect in inhibition of tumor growth in mice with orthotopically transplanted 4 T1 breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the changes of caries susceptibility factors during the transition from caries-free to caries in three-year-old children., Methods: The study included 144 caries-free children aged 34-38 months. All participants underwent clinical examination and full-mouth supragingival plaque collection.Survey of children's oral health behaviors involving feeding habits and oral health care was also taken from children's parents of all participants. The children were reexamined 6 and 12 months later. According to the potential changes of caries status in twelve months follow up, all the participants were divided into three groups: caries-free group (caries free children in twelve months follow up), caries at 6-month group (children who were found with caries or cavities fillings at six months review) and caries at 12-month group (children who were caries free at six months but found with caries or cavities fillings at twelve months). Streptococcus mutans (Sm)and Streptococcus sobrinus (Ss) loads were compared among the three groups by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR)., Results: One hundred and thirty children completed twelve months review, the dropout rate was 9.7% (14/144). At the end of twelve months follow up, the number of children in caries-free group, caries at 6-month group and caries at 12-month group was 58, 44 and 28 respectively. The changes of oral behavioral habits in caries-free group, caries at 6-month group and caries at 12-month group during twelve months follow up were not significantly different (P > 0.05). At baseline, the frequency of sweets consumption and eating sweets before sleeping in caries-free group was significantly lower than that in caries at 6-month group and caries at 12-month group (P < 0.001). At baseline, the quantity of Sm and Ss in caries at 6-month group[copy number of Sm: (6.33 ± 2.21)×10(3), copy number of Ss: (1.99 ± 0.45)×10(3)] was significantly higher than that in the caries-free group[copy number of Sm: (5.81 ± 2.43)×10(3), copy number of Ss: (1.34 ± 0.53)×10(3)] (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the quantity of Sm and Ss in the caries-free group and caries at 12-month group(P > 0.05). At six months, the quantity of Sm and Ss in caries at 12-month group was significantly higher than that in the caries-free group although both groups of children were caries-free at six months (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The quantity of Sm and Ss increased six months before the caries onset in three-year-old children.High frequency sweets consumption and eating sweets before sleeping were important susceptibility factors for caries onset in the future.

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of once-in-a-lifetime cervical cancer screening program and to predict the optimal modality for its operation on women living in rural and urban areas of China, based on Markov modeling and simulation., Methods: Three modalities including visual inspection with acetic acid plus Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI), conventional Pap Smear (Pap Smear), and simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV) were hypothesized for the rural cohort, whereas other five modalities including Pap Smear, liquid-based cytology (LBC), simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV), Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA testing (HC2), and LBC plus HC2 (LBC + HC2) were tested for the urban cohort. A Markov model was constructed based on the factors as natural history, screening, diagnosis and treatment on cervical cancer using data related to the epidemics and the costs from rural and urban areas of the country. Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness were predicted through simulation of the model., Results: Compared to the non-screening scenario, the amount of life years saved were 277.97 - 2727.53 and 134.02 - 1446.84 years per 100 000 women, respectively, for different cohorts in rural and urban areas. The cost-effectiveness ratios were 1520.99 - 2453.74 and 3847.35 - 44 570.35 RMB per life year saved, respectively, for different cohorts in rural and urban areas. The incremental cost-effective ratio for careHPV starting from 40 years old (careHPV@40) and careHPV from 30 years old (careHPV@30) dominated other strategies for the rural cohort, while careHPV@40, careHPV@30, HC2 from 30 years old (HC2@30), and LBC + HC2 from 30 years old (LBC + HC2@30) were dominant for the urban cohort., Conclusion: All eight once-in-a-lifetime cervical cancer screening modalities were cost-effective based on our model. In particular, careHPV screening starting from 40 years old seemed to be the most cost-effective one for women living in both rural and urban areas.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine treatment in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B to block mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV)., Methods: Medline and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for studies of HBV, mother-to-child transmission, and telbivudine. Of the 68 potentially relevant publications, eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following data extraction, a meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan5.1 software., Results: Seven of the eight RCTs were in Chinese, and the remaining study was in English but carried out at a Chinese site. The RCTs comprised a total of 678 subjects, including 352 cases and 326 controls. Infants born to telbivudine-treated mothers had a significantly lower rate of HBsAg positivity and HBV DNA positivity at birth than the control group of infants (odds ratio (OR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.43, P less than 0.00001; OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.32, P less than 0.00001). Infants born to telbivudine-treated mothers also had significantly lower rates of mother-to-child transmitted HBV at 6 months (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.22, P less than 0.00001; OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.25, P = 0.0003) and 12 months (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.56, P = 0.007; OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.37, P = 0.001) after birth. The pre-telbivudine treatment levels of HBV DNA were not significantly different between pregnant women in the telbivudine-treated group and the control group (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.24, P = 0.04), but the HBV DNA levels were significantly lower in the telbivudine-treated group of pregnant women prior to delivery (OR = -3.92, 95% CI: -4.90, -2.95, P less than 0.00001). There was no evidence of telbivudine treatment being associated with more adverse side effects or complications during pregnancy or in the infant (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.68, 4.38, P = 0.25; OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.04, 11.24, P = 0.80)., Conclusion: Telbivudine treatment effectively and safely prevents mother-to-child transmission of HBV from chronically infected mothers with a high degree of infectivity late in pregnancy.

Objective: To explore the appropriate strategies which are suitable for the areas with diverse health and economic resource settings in China by estimating the life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of several cervical cancer screening strategies., Methods: Markov model was used to calculate the long-term effectiveness, utility, benefit and cost among screened and unscreened cohorts in rural and urban areas, and then analyses of cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit were performed. The assessed screening strategies were acetic acid of visual inspection combined with Lugol's iodine staining (VIA/VILI), conventional Pap smear and simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV) in rural areas, and conventional Pap smear, simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV), HPV DNA testing (HC2) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) alone or combined with HPV DNA testing (LBC+HC2) in urban areas. We estimated the life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of the above screening strategies at one-year, 3-year and 5-year intervals., Results: All of the screening strategies were effective to decrease cervical cancer mortality and to increase life years, with a trend of shorter screening interval having better effectiveness. However, no matter in urban or rural areas, compared with careHPV testing at 5-year interval, the costs of other screening strategies were 1.28 - 13.86 folds, 1.31 - 14.14 folds, and 1.27 - 12.80 folds higher to avoid one death, to save a year of life, and a QALY, and the benefit per cost of other screening strategies was 9.9%-90.2%., Conclusions: careHPV testing at 5-year interval has the best cost-effectiveness performance and the highest benefit-cost ratio with the moderate life outcomes. It is the optimal cervical cancer screening strategy to be generalized in our country. careHPV testing at 3 years interval can be considered in more developed areas to achieve better effectiveness.

Repetitive sequences (repeats) represent a significant fraction of the eukaryotic genomes and can be divided into tandem repeats, segmental duplications, and interspersed repeats on the basis of their sequence characteristics and how they are formed. Most interspersed repeats are derived from transposable elements (TEs). Eukaryotic TEs have been subdivided into two major classes according to the intermediate they use to move. The transposition and amplification of TEs have a great impact on the evolution of genes and the stability of genomes. However, identification and classification of TEs are complex and difficult due to the fact that their structure and classification are complex and diverse compared with those of other types of repeats. Here, we briefly introduced the function and classification of TEs, and summarized three different steps for identification, classification and annotation of TEs in eukaryotic genomes: (1) assembly of a repeat library, (2) repeat correction and classification, and (3) genome annotation. The existing computational approaches for each step were summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches were also highlighted in this review. To accurately identify, classify, and annotate the TEs in eukaryotic genomes requires combined methods. This review provides useful information for biologists who are not familiar with these approaches to find their way through the forest of programs.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between RARbeta gene promoter methylation and P53 gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: Promoter methylation of RARbeta and P53 mutations of exons 5 through 9 in 198 resected primary NSCLC tissues were determined by methylation-specific PCR and direct sequencing., Results: RARbeta gene promoter methylation and P53 mutation were detected in 58.1% and 36.4% of tumors, respectively. Both were higher in males than in females and in smokers than in nonsmokers. A higher prevalence of RARbeta promoter methylation was found in patients with advanced stage tumors than those with TNM stage I. P53 gene mutations were more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma and adeno-squamous carcinoma than adenocarcinoma. All such differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Frequencies of P53 mutations, including G:C>T:A mutations, transversions and missense mutations were significantly higher in tumors with RARbeta methylation than in those without (P< 0.05). A significantly higher prevalence of RARbeta methylation was found in tumors with only G:C>T:A mutation in P53 gene than those without P53 mutations (P< 0.05). This difference (OR=3.737, 95%CI: 1.414-9.873) was still statistically significant (P< 0.05) in smokers (OR=4.020, 95%CI: 1.263-12.800), squamous cell carcinomas (OR=5.480, 95%CI: 1.400-21.446) or patients with advanced tumors (OR=3.446, 95%CI: 1.054-11.267) after adjusting for age and sex., Conclusion: RARbeta methylation is associated with G:C>T:A mutations in P53 gene in NSCLC.

Objective: To investigate the effect of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and BPDE-DNA adducts on lung tumorigenesis., Methods: The case control study has included 200 cases of lung cancer and 200 controls. DNA was extracted from blood samples of all subjects. The genotype of both CYP1A1 and GSTM1 were detected with PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RELP). BPDE-DNA adducts were detected with competitive ELISA., Results: CYP1A1 mutant genotype and GSTM1 null genotype with smoke has increased the risk of lung cancer, with OR being 2.406(1.321-4.382), 2.755(1.470-5.163), respectively. The level of BPDE-DNA adducts in patients was greater than control, and the adduct level in ever smokers was higher than never smokers, the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.0252). GSTM1 null genotype individuals with BPDE-DNA level higher than 5 adducts/10(8) nucleotide have increased risk of lung cancer (OR= 1.988, 95%CI: 1.011-3.912). Compared with never smokers with CYP1A1 wild genotype, smokers with CYP1A1 mutation genotype had an increased risk of forming a higher level of DNA adducts (P= 0.0459). Smokers with GSTM1 null genotype formed more DNA adducts compared with never smokers with GSTM1 functional genotype (OR = 2.432, 95% CI: 1.072-4.517)., Conclusion: GSTM1 null genotype with higher level DNA adducts may increase the risk of lung cancer. DNA adducts form easier in smokers with CYP1A1 mutation genotype and GSTM1 null genotype, which in turn may influence lung tumorigenesis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of conductive keratoplasty (CK) for presbyopia and 2 years follow-up., Methods: This study is prospective clinical trial. CK was performed on 34 patients for presbyopia, in which 26 hyperopic patients underwent binocular operations and 8 emmetropic patients underwent monocular operation. The following-up time was 24 months., Results: At 24 months postoperatively, for the hyperopia group, binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (33 cm) (5-logMAR) (4.63 ± 0.12) was increased significantly (t = 9.237, P < 0.001) compared pre-operatively (4.06 ± 0.15); binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (4.99 ± 0.02) was significantly increased (t = 6.718, P < 0.05) compared pre-operatively (4.82 ± 0.21); for the emmetropia group, binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (33 cm) (5-logMAR) (4.68 ± 0.16) was increased significantly (t = 10.413, P < 0.001) compared pre-operatively (4.13 ± 0.18); binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was same as pre-operative one; compared pre-operatively (+0.97 ± 0.63D), manifest refractive spherical equivalent was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) to peak value (-1.21 ± 1.00) D at 1 week, and then regressed to a relative plateau (-0.40 ± 0.70) D at 24 months; the regressive rate was decreased from (+0.35 ± 0.44) D/month at 1 month postoperatively to (+0.01 ± 0.01) D/months at 24 months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity, intraocular pressure, tear break-up time, endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness, stereopsis function and best corrected visual acuity were not significantly changed., Conclusions: For treatment of presbyopia, CK appeared to be safe, effective, refractive-predictable and controllable, and relatively stable at 24 months post-operatively. More long-time follow-up is necessary for further evaluation.

Objective: To investigate the intervention and mechanism of ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin on oxidative stress, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in rabbits with acute lung injury (ALI)., Methods: Twenty-four healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Normal saline control group (NC), (2) Oleic acid injury group (OA), (3) Ambroxol + low-dose heparin therapy group (AH). After the success of ALI model, AH group was injected ambroxol + low-dose heparin, while the NC group and OA group were injected the same dose of normal saline by the same method. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) at different time points were determined. The pathological manifestation of both side lungs was observed at the end of expeiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate were tested. The apoptosis index was detected. The lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio was calculated. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by light microscopy, and the ultrastructural changes of lung tissue were observed by electron microscopy., Results: (1) The instructive injury induced by ALI observed under electron microscope and light microscope and W/D was decreased significantly in AH group. (2) PaO2 was improved significantly in AH group, compared with that in OA group (P < 0.01). (3) The activity of GSH-Px and SOD in AH group increased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) but the activity of XO and the content of MDA decreased significantly (P < 0.01), compared with those in OA group. (4) Except the content of IL-1beta in serum before treatment, the content of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in serum, BALF, lung tissue homogenate of OA group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and those were obviously improved in AH group. (5) Apoptosis index (AI) in AH group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with that in OA group., Conclusion: In ALI induced by OA, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha increases significantly and involved in the occurrence and development of ALI. Ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin can reduce lung cells oxidative stress to inhibit the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, which play a role in the treatment of ALI.

Collecting information from the database of China National Knowledge Information (CNKI) and VIP database of Chinese Journals, an overall analysis and review on treatment of oculomotor paralysis with electroacupuncture in recently years are made in the paper. The electroacupuncture, which can provide constant stimulation and reinforce the effect of acupuncture, is the major therapy to treat oculomotor paralysis. However, the best stimulate threshold of electroacupuncture on oculorotary muscles has not been reported yet. The parameters of electroacupuncture adopted in clinic are not standardized, which lead to unfavorable therapeutic effect as well as unclear mechanism of treatment. Therefore, it is suggested that the study should focus on enhancing the research level and broadening researcher's mind to explore the best parameter for the electroacupuncture stimulation on the oculorotary muscles, to make clear the mechanism of treatment and to search for valuable observation indicators in the future.