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［Objective］In order to reduce the ground disturbance when the shield tunnel underpasses buildings, it is necessary to study the settlement control effect of grouting reinforcement during shield tunneling under the buildings. ［Method］Taking the shield tunnel of Hangzhou Metro Line 12 passing under the pile foundation building in a certain section of Xiasha Road as an example, and based on the FLAC 3D finite difference software, two methods of deterministic analysis and reliability analysis are adopted respectively to evaluate the effectiveness of grouting reinforcement measures in controlling foundation settlement caused by shield construction. ［Result & Conclusion］In the deterministic analysis, both the on-site measured data and the numerical analysis results show that the maximum building foundation settlement occurs on one side of the tunnel that is first excavated; grouting reinforcement technology can effectively reduce the building foundation settlement caused by shield excavation, making the building settlement value meets the specification design requirements. In the reliability analysis, the cohesion and internal friction angle are used as random variables, and the Latin hypercube sampling-response surface-finite difference method is adopted to evaluate the control effect of grouting reinforcement. It is found that the grouting reinforcement can effectively improve the structural reliability of the building foundation and significantly reduce the uncertainty of the calculated settlement value. Compared with the deterministic analysis method, the reliability analysis method is more reasonable in describing building foundation structure safety by taking the uncertainty of the parameters into account, and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures in complex shield tunnel excavation projects.

[Introduction] The line loss of 10 kV distribution network is an important indicator to measure the economic benefits of power grid enterprises. At present, due to some areas, data collection cannot be synchronized, and the line topology relationship cannot be updated in real time. As a result, power grid companies have greater management line losses when calculating line losses. Using the distribution network synchronous phasor measurement terminal with the distribution network line loss real-time analysis platform for line loss management is an effective way to solve the problem of abnormal line loss. [Method] Firstly, it analyzed the abnormal main causes of the line loss of the medium voltage distribution network, and put forward the idea of improving the accuracy of the line loss. Then, the synchronous phasor measurement technology was introduced, and the synchronous phasor measurement architecture was proposed. Finally, the functional requirements of the line loss real-time synchronization analysis platform were proposed. [Result] Based on the power grid of a demonstration project in a certain area of Guangzhou as the research basis, according to the actual situation and needs of the power grid, the basis A design scheme for real-time synchronous analysis of line loss in 10 kV distribution network based on synchronous phasor measurement. [Conclusion] The solution in this paper provides effective direction and engineering experience for line loss management and governance of distribution network.

[Introduction] Voltage sag is one of the most serious power quality problems in distribution network. At present, due to the lack of a system to locate the source of voltage sag, the problem of responsibility division and attribution has always been the difficulty in dealing with voltage sag accidents. It is an effective way to solve the problem of voltage sag traceability by monitoring and analyzing the synchronous power quality measurement data of distribution network. [Method] Firstly, the architecture and fusion scheme of the integration of synchronous phasor and power quality measurement were analyzed, and a method of voltage sag source tracing and location based on real-time synchronous measurement data was proposed. Then, the case design scheme of distribution network demonstration project was proposed. Finally, the application of synchronous phasor and power quality measurement integration in intelligent distribution network was summarized in this paper. [Results] The results of demonstration construction verify the feasibility of the proposed design scheme. [Conclusion] The demonstration project has accumulated engineering experience for subsequent large-scale promotion and replication.

[Introduction] With the access of large-scale distributed generation and flexible load in distribution network, the accuracy and speed of traditional terminal measurement are difficult to meet the actual needs, while the new generation of distribution micro synchronous phasor measurement unit （D-PMU） is an important way to solve the above problems. [Method] Firstly, the working principle and application of D-PMU were analyzed; secondly, the synchronized phasor measurement system of distribution network and its installation and deployment scheme were proposed; then, according to the requirements of the demonstration area, the architecture and deployment scheme of wide area measurement and control system of distribution network were proposed; finally, the application of D-PMU in intelligent distribution network was summarized. [Results] The effectiveness of the demonstration construction verifies the feasibility and economy of the key technology and design scheme developed by the project. [Conclusion] It provides rich engineering experience for the further integration and promotion of D-PMU with other traditional fields of distribution network.

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Rice is one of the most important crops in China and even the world. Plant type is an important agronomic trait of rice, which is closely related to yield, quality, and stress resistance. Plant type improvement has played an important role in rice breeding in the past, and will have a profound impact on rice breeding in the future. On the base of related achievements of Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, this paper comprehensively reviewed the research progress of rice plant type from the aspects of the concept of plant type, physiological ecology, and genetic basis of plant type breeding, and also discussed the existing problems and development direction of rice plant type. With the application of the latest research results of modern molecular biology, analyze the relationship between various organs and their optimal combination among population and individual, define the physiological ecology basis and the molecular regulatory network, and apply to plant type breeding practice, which is expected to achieve a higher level of "ideal plant type breeding" of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ] Dencichine ( β - N -oxalyl- L - α , β -diaminopropionic acid , β -ODAP ) is a neuroactive substance in species such as grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L. ) and Panax notoginseng , and its biosynthesis is closely related to oxalyl-CoA. The aim of the study is to identify the acyl-CoA synthase encoding gene in grass pea based on the whole genome , which lays a foundation for the regulation of β -ODAP biosynthesis. [ Methods ] Acyl-activating enzyme superfamily genes were identified in the genome of grass pea using the AMP binding domain by hidden Markov model. The acyl-CoA synthase gene was cloned and analyzed via the multiple sequence alignment , prokaryotic expression , and enzyme activity detection. [ Results ] The re- sults showed that at least 22 AAE genes were located on 7 different branches in grass pea. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LsAAE3 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtAAE3 clustered at one branch , belonging to acyl-CoA synthetase family. Cloning and sequence analysis showed that the full-length cDNA of LsAAE3 was 1 566 bp , and LsAAE3 and AtAAE3 possessed several conversed domains including AMP binding site , CoA binding site , and AAE consensus motif. The purified protein , which molecular weight was 56 kD , showed a single band as assayed by SDS-PAGE , which was detected in both induced bacterial proteins and purified recombinant proteins by Western blot , suggesting that the fusion protein was LsAAE3. The oxaloyl-CoA synthase activity of LsAAE3 depended on ATP and magnesium ions. [ Conclusion ] The study identified the acyl-activating enzyme ( AAE ) superfamily genes in the genome of grass pea and verified the oxaloyl-CoA synthase activity of LsAAE3 , paving the way for the analysis of LsAAE3 function in β -ODAP biosynthesis.

Abstract [Objective] Menyuan rapeseed in Qinghai Province is cold resistant and has strong resistance. Its pollen accumulates rich flavonoids. This study aims to provide reference for genetic engineering breeding to improve flavonol content. [Methods] This study used transcriptome sequencing technology to screen differentially expressed flavonol synthase genes from rapeseed pollen in Menyuan of Qinghai Province and Zhengzhou of Henan Province, and performed bioinformatics analysis and RACE-PCR cloning of the Bp- FLS gene. [Results] (1) Six differentially expressed flavonol synthase genes in rape pollen were identified, and BpFLS1-1 was the most differentially expressed and up-regulated in the pollen of Menyuan rapeseed. (2) The amino acid sequence encoded by BpFLS1-1 had both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone-3- hydroxylase activity. (3) BpFLS1-1 gene might contain a new coding region sequence with a length of 1 170 bp. [Conclusion] Results suggest that the BpFLS1-1 gene plays an important role in the accumulation of flavonoids in Menyuan rapeseed pollen and the stress resistance of rapeseed.

【Objective】 Turgor pressure in crops varies with root water uptake as a response to occurrence of water stress. This paper investigates how turgor pressure in the leaf of celery responds to drip irrigation and the factors which affect the pressure variation. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. It consists of sufficient irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (NI) treatment. Change in leave turgor pressure, characterized by expansion parameters Pp and Pp*, in each treatment was measured using a probe. We also measured the environmental factors and physiological traits of the plant, and analyzed their relationship with Pp/Pp* using multiple regression, path analysis and time warping methods. 【Result】 ① The parameter Pp* maximized at daytime and minimized at night on typical sunny days, regardless of the irrigation treatments and growing stage. However, Pp* started to increase earlier in NI than in FI treatment, with the peak of Pp* in the former being 39.3%~66.7% higher than that in the latter. ② The diurnal change in Pp* was similar to that in the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr). Pp* was positively correlated to Gs and Tr, but negatively to leaf water potential (Ψ). ③ The change in leaf turgor pressure varied with irrigation. The maximum and minimum Pp increased gradually priori to irrigation and decreased rapidly after irrigation, especially in the NI treatment where the change was more profound. ④ Pp* was positively correlated to atmospheric temperature (TA) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), but negatively to relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS). Path analysis showed that the highest correlation between Pp* and TA, and VPD was an indirect factor affecting Pp*. Stepwise regression indicated that WS impacted Pp* significantly only in NI. We also found that the impact of TA on Pp* was not instant but existed a delay, especially in NI where the delay was more than 10~30 min than that in FI. 【Conclusion】 Variation in leaf turgor pressure in greenhouse celery was closely related to irrigation amount and meteorological factors. Insufficient irrigation increased the maximum turgor-pressure variation parameter but delayed the effect of atmospheric temperature on the turgor pressure.

Traditional adaptive wideband beamforming is difficult to be implemented with hardware, and has narrow null width in direction of interference. To deal with the problem, a novel null broadening wideband beamforming algorithm based on spatial response variation (SRV) constraint is proposed. Tapped delay-lines based systems are replaced with a structure based on sensor delay-lines (SDL). At the reference frequency, the beam response in the direction of interference is limited by using a maximum constraint. An SRV constraint based algorithm is used to broaden the region of nulls. An optimal weight vector is obtained using a convex optimization tool. Simulation results show that, with the proposed algorithm, null broadening and constant beam width can be realized at the same time of wideband beamforming. When null width is set to 10° and null depth is - 30 dB, a measured null width of 14.7° can be obtained, and the system has a high output signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between the composition of bacterial flora isolated from deep periodontal pockets with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions, and to test the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobes. METHODS: Microbial samples were taken from 82 deep periodontal pockets with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions using adequate techniques, and divided into two groups: endo -perio group and perio -endo group. Antibiotic susceptibility of cultivable anaerobes were tested with agar dilution method. RESULTS: Eighty-six cultivable anaerobes were isolated, including Streptococcus spp, Prevolella spp, Actinomycetes spp, Veillonella spp, Fusobacterium spp and etc. 53.4% were gram-positive anaerobes, while 46.51% were gram-negative anaerobes. The detection rate of anaerobes in endo-perio group and that in perio-endo group had significant difference. Most isolated anaerobes were sensitive to six drugs. The resistance rates of penicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole were 6.8%, 13.9% and 2.2%. CONCLUSIONS: There is a close relationship between anaerobes and combined periodontal -endodontic lesions. Drug sensitive susceptibility should be detected prior to clinical treatment of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of an in situ chitosan -- quaternized chitosan /α, β-glycerophosphate (CS-HTCC/GP) thermosensitive hydrogel in vitro. METHODS: The primary cells were isolated from human periodontal ligament and cultured. The role of different concentrations of CS-HTCC/GP extract to HPDLCs was evaluated by MIT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Also, the ultra-architecture of HPDLCs was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: By immunocytochemical method, the cells were stained positively to antibodies against vimentin, and negatively to antibodies against cytokeratin, which indicated that they were external embryo mesenchymal cell without epithelial cell mixure. CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel promoted proliferation of HPDLCs,especially at 3d and 5d, the results was significantly different (P<0.001). ALP activity was significantly greater in group 2 and 3 than in group 4 after 5d (P<0.001). Also, no negative influence to ultrastructure of HPDLCs was found through SEM and TEM. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that CS-HTCC/CP thermosensitive hydrogel exhibits excellent cytocompatibility and has potential to be used as an in situ injectable local periodontal drug delivery vehicle and a tissue-engineering scaffold for periodontal disease therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the influences of buffer system and agent CNFC on Fe2+ pre-treatment for colored cashmere were studied. It was concluded that CNFC-Fe( II )was obtained by the complexation of agent CNFC and Fe2+ , and the organic acid N was capable of capture or release Fe2+ Comparing with inorganic acid or NaOAc ∼ HOAc, organic acid N buffer system was helpful to the absorption of Fe2+ on colored cashmere. Under the condition of organic acid N, agent CNFC was able to affect the oriented absorption of Fe2+ and the removal of residual iron. The recommended pretreatment condition was as follow: bath ratio 1: 50, cashmere 0.5 g, FeSO4 0.03 mmol, agent CNFC 0.8 g/L, pH value 5.0, 25°C, 120 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The widths of anterior teeth are measured and compared to see if there was any specific ratio between the anterior teeth, and to provide some referential data for clinical application in esthetic dentistry. METHODS: Gypsum casts of the maxillary and mandibular arches were made by traditional ways. With the help of dividers and vernier calipers, the widths of anterior teeth were measured. The mean values were gained by doing the measurement several times. SAS6.12 software package was used for grouped I test, paired t test and REG regression. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference(P<0.01) was observed, when comparing the widths of anterior teeth with their ideal golden section (0.618 or 1.618). There were statistically significant differences in the correlation coefficient of anterior teeth (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The golden section is not found in the anterior teeth. There is some proportional relationships between the upper and lower anterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of chitosan - quaternized chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate (CS-HTCC/GP) thermosensitive hydrogel against three periodontal pathogens- P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. METHODS: An agar diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial property of CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory zone measurement. SPSS13.0 software package was used for Student's t test. RESULTS: Three periodontal pathogens strains were all susceptible to CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel. Both matrix of thermosensitive hydrogel and antibiotic exhibited stronger antibacterial activity especially when they were combined. CONCLUSIONS: CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel is not only as the vehicle of antibiotics which joins the local drug delivery system but as an activator which takes part in the antibacterial process. Supported by Youth Research Fund of Bureau of Health of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2007QZ021) and Science and Technology Development Project of Qingdao City (Grant No. 06-2-2-6-nsh-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To explore the method of preparing immunolipo-sodium morrhuate and evaluate its effect on human hemangioma endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS: Using SPDP((N-Succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)) propionate) as cross-linker, anti-VEGFR2/KDR monoclone antibody was combined to the liposome surface to prepare immunolipo- sodium morrhuate by extruding method, and then its effect on human hemangioma endothelial cells in vitro was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope, inverted microscope, Gimsa staining, transmission electron microscope, MTT and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The average diameter of the immunoliposome was 122.9nm, which had a very good stability when compared with normal liposome, it had stronger and faster combining ability, its potential to induce apoptosis was much more prominent, and its toxic effect on human hemangioma endothelial cells was gentle, which was similar to normal liposome. CONCLUSION: We have prepared immunolipo-sodium morrhuate successfully, which has very good specific initiative targetting ability in vitro and can induce pervasive apoptosis of human hemangioma endothelial cells. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30700954) and Science and Technology Research Project of Xi' an City (Grant No.GG05160). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of different etching adhesive and flowable resin in deep pits and fissures of young permanent molars sealant technique. METHODS: Children aged 6-8 years old were included in the study. The split mouth design was used. The first permanent molars were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups: A and B. The teeth in group A were sealed with flowable resin and self--etching adhesive, while the teeth in group B were sealed with flowable resin and phosphate acid system. The children were followed up every year, and the sealants were observed and evaluated. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After 1 year, 2 and 3 years, the retention rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05), while group A had more caries than group B (P<0.05) except at 1-year. CONCLUSION: Self-etching adhesive and flowable resin doesn't have excellent clinical effect on caries prevention. Supported by Key Project for Preventive Dentistry, Bureau of Health of Yangpu District, Shanghai Municipality(2009AA002-09). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of hypomethylating agent therapy in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)., Methods: From February 2014 to June 2021, the clinical data, efficacy, survival time and safety of CMML patients diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and treated with hypomethylating agent therapy were retrospectively analyzed., Results: A total of 25 CMML patients received hypomethylating agent therapy, including 18 cases treated with decitabine (DEC) and 7 cases treated with azacytidine (AZA) as the basic treatment. Among them, 20 patients responded, and 7 patients got complete remission (CR). All patients with CR were treated with DEC as the basic treatment. Five cases of CR occurred in the first 4 courses of treatment. After a median follow-up of 16.4 (9.4-20.5) months, 4 patients with CR progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The median overall survival (OS) time of 25 CMML patients was 17.4 months (95% CI : 12.437-22.363). According to MD Anderson prognostic scoring system (MDAPS), CMML-specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS), CPSS molecular (CPSS-mol), Mayo molecular model (MMM), risk stratification of patients was performed, and the difference only between different risk stratification of MDAPS and survival time was statistically significant. Common adverse reactions of hypomethylating agent therapy in CMML patients included infection, gastrointestinal reaction, hematological toxicity, skin allergy and liver function damage. All patients' symptoms were improved after corresponding treatment., Conclusion: Hypomethylating agent therapy is effective and safe for CMML patients. CR mostly occurs in the first 4 courses of treatment, and hypomethylating agent therapy combined with low-dose chemotherapy can be used for patients who do not respond. Hypomethylating agent therapy can delay the disease, but can't prevent progression.

Objective: To investigate the effect of modified Bianchi (single incision in the midline of the scrotum) orchiopexy (MBO) versus that of traditional surgery in the treatment of median or low cryptorchidism., Methods: Eighty-two children with median or low cryptorchidism were treated from February 2013 to February 2014, 46 (53 testes) by MBO and the other 36 by the traditional method of inguinal incision (control, 40 testes). Comparisons were made in the operation time and postoperative complications between the two surgical strategies., Results: The mean operation time was significantly shorter in the MBO group than in the control (［25±6］ vs ［35±4］ min, P<0.05). No testicular atrophy, hernias or hydrocele was found in either group during the 1－2 years of follow-up. Testis retraction was observed in 3 cases in the MBO group as compared with 2 in the control (P>0.05). The incision scar was obvious in all the controls, with 1 case of postoperative inguinal hematoma, but almost invisible in all the MBO cases., Conclusions: Modified Bianchi orchiopexy is superior to traditional surgery in the treatment of median or low cryptorchidism for its advantages of short operation time, few complications, and satisfactory appearance of the healed incision.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of recurrence in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy., Methods: The clinicopathological data of 110 gastric cancer patients who developed recurrence or second primary malignancies after radical gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 regimen or docetaxel plus FOLFOX4 regimen were analyzed retrospectively., Results: The median time to recurrence was 13.9 months (range, 1.7 to 63.1 months), and the median overall survival was 27.4 months (range, 6.9 to 90.7 months) in the whole group. The median survival time after recurrence was 10.1 months (range, 0.3 to 73.9 months). 82 (74.5%) patients had recurrence within 2 years after gastrectomy. The modes of surgical procedure and lymph node dissection influenced significantly on the time to recurrence (P<0.05 for both). Among the 110 patients with recurrence, 46 (41.8%) patients had peritoneal metastases, 33 (30.0%) had hematogenous metastases and 32 (29.1%) had locoregional lymph node metastases. Single, double, triple and quatro recurrences were observed at the first time of relapse in 78 (70.9%), 21(19.1%), 9(8.2%) and 2 cases (1.8%), respectively. Patients who developed simultaneous quatro recurrence had the poorest prognosis with a median overall survival of 15.2 months, significantly shorter than that of patients with single recurrence (31.8 months, P=0.003). Patients with peritoneal recurrence died most quickly ( mean 5.6 months), and patients with surgical field recurrence alone survived longest (mean 17.1 months)., Conclusions: Peritoneal, hematogenous and locoregional lymph node metastases are the most frequent recurrences after radical gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Single recurrence occurred in most patients at the first relapse. Combination with other adjuvant treatments should be considered besides adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.

Objective: To research the clinical application of lower cervical pedicle screw fixation procedure., Methods: From September 2011 to July 2013,32 patients underwent posterior pedicle screw-rod system fixation were retrospective analyzed includinig 20 males and 12 females with an average age of 56.4 years old ranging from 21 to 78 years. Among them, 10 patients were traumatic cervical spinal injury, 9 patients were cervical spinal canal tumors, 7 cases were posterior longitudinal ligament ossification of cervical vertebrae, 6 cases were multiple segmental cervical spondylopathy. Preoperatively, X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography of the vertebral artery were performed in all patients. After the operation and during the follow-up,X-ray and computed tomography were performed to confirm the pedicle screw position. The accuracy of the pedicle screw placement was evaluated by 4 grades classification from Lee. The spinal cord function was assessed by ASIA impairment scale for traumatic patients and JOA score for non traumatic patients., Results: Totally 144 pedicle screws performed on 32 patients from C3 to C7 involving 132 screws of grade 0,5 screws of grade 1,5 of screws grade 2 and 2 screws of grade 3 according to postoperative CT. There were 12 screws penetrating the pedicle cortex including 8 screws at lateral,2 screws at caudal, 1 screw at medial and 1 screw at cranial. The follow-up time was 12 to 33 months with an average of (21.0±1.5) months. The spinal cord function was not improved in 6 complete cervical spinal cord injury patients,but their paraplegic level descended 1 to 3 segments. Four incomplete cervical spinal cord injury patients' ASIA impairment scale was increased by 1 to 2 grades in average. The JOA score of 22 atraumatic patients increased from preoperative 11.5±0.8 to 15.9±0.6 of postoperative at 6 months (P<0.01). There were no screw loosening,screw pullout and screw-rod breakage., Conclusion: The lower cervical pedicle screw fixation can provide excellent 3D stability of the vertebral column. The operation risk and Complication could be minimized by adequate preoperative evaluation for appropriate cases and individual pedicle screw placement. It deserved the clinical expansion.

Objective: To explore the pathomorphological change of the atlanto-occipital segment of vertebral artery (V3 part) related with cervical vertigo., Methods: From June 1999 to November 2011, the pathomorphological change of the atlanto-occipital segment of vertebral artery were observed in 1680 patients with cervical vertigo using 3D-CTA technology. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed. There were 783 males and 897 females, aged from 22 to 70 years old with an average of 52.8 years old. Doppler examination showed vertebral basilar artery flow velocity to speed up or slow down., Results: The blood vessel of 3360 branches were detected in 1680 patients and 2778 branches were detected out vascular anomaly. And 829 branches were in V1 segment, 421 were in V2, 328 were in V3, 1190 were in V4. The pathomorphological changes in the atlanto-occipital segment (V3) of vertebral artery included angiospasm, congenital absence, abnormal exit, localized stenosis., Conclusion: There are 4 kinds of pathomorphological changes in the atlanto-occipital segment of vertebral artery related with cervical vertigo. The 3D-CTA result can be used to judge prognosis and adopt reasonable treatment for the patients.

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sexually dimorphic, with a significantly higher incidence in male. But it is not clear whether the women have a better prognosis than the men. The present study aimed to compare the short and long-term outcomes, postoperative recurrence and survival in female and male patients with HCC after hepatectomy., Methods: Clinicopathological data of retrospective analysis was performed on 40 female and matched 40 male HCC patients treated by hepatectomy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between May 2006 and May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Patients were paired in terms of age, chronic hepatitis, Child-Pugh class, tumor size, histological differentiation, presence of satellite nodules and resection margin., Results: Hepatectomy was successfully performed in all 80 cases. There was no significant difference in intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes between the female and male groups except the level of total bilirubin. The 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 76.7%, 47.4% and 29.7% in the female group and 63.8%, 30.0% and 25.0% in the male group (P = 0.12). Corresponding overall survival rates were 92.2%, 81.5% and 55.4% in the female group and 97.4%, 55.2% and 39.0% in the male group (P = 0.04)., Conclusion: Certain gender differences might exist in HCC patients after hepatecomy, favoring females in the overall survival and the tolerance for liver injury.

Objective: To evaluate dual-source CT in the Standford B aortic dissection in the postoperative follow-up and to compare radiation dose of dual-energy mode with single-energy scanning., Methods: A total of 40 patients with aortic dissection after endovascular exclusion underwent dualsource CT. Tweny patients took the dual-energy scanning mode (100 kV and 140 kV, pitch 1.0); the other 20 patients had single-energy mode (120 kV, pitch 2.0). In both groups CareDose4D technology was used to track the current method. All images were analyzed to observe the stent shape, with or without endoleaks and the rate of thrombosis absorption. Radiation dose, scan length, and scan time were recorded for all patients, and then compared between dual-energy mode and single-energy scanning., Results: The difference in scan length and image quality was not significant between the dualenergy group and the single-energy group. The acquisition time of the dual-energy group was longer than that of the single-energy group, with significant difference. Radiation dose of the single-energy group was lower than that of the dual-energy group, with significant difference., Conclusion: Dual-source CT can objectively evaluate the conditions after the endovascular exclusion of aortic dissection. The operative effect and complications may be analyzed comprehensively. The radiation dose of the single-energy scan mode with medium pitch is lower than that of the dual-energy mode.

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacies of three types of anatomical hepatic inflow occlusion method in hepatectomy for liver neoplasms., Methods: A non-randomized concurrent controlled trial was performed from January 2011 to October 2012, a total of 180 consecutive patients with liver neoplasms underwent hepatectomy similarly. They were divided into 3 groups according to the hepatic inflow occlusion methods during resection: HHV group (hemi-hepatic vascular inflow occlusion, n = 60), MPV group (main portal vein inflow occlusion, n = 60) and HPP group (hemi-portal vein preserved inflow occlusion, n = 60). The primary endpoints were intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement while the secondary outcomes were assessed with operating duration, postoperative morbidity, hospital stay, gastrointestinal function and postoperative liver injury., Results: No significant differences existed among three groups in demographic and tumor characteristics and operation-related background (P > 0.05). No mortality happened in 30 days postoperatively in all patients. Intraoperative volume of blood loss had no significant differences among three groups (P = 0.272). Among the patients requiring transfusion, HPP group had the least transfusion requirement (HHV group: (5.00 ± 1.51) U, MPV group:(3.50 ± 1.41) U, HPP group: (2.50 ± 0.93) U, P = 0.004). MPV group showed a significant shorter operating duration (HHV group: (227 ± 59) min, MPV group:(198 ± 56) min, HPP group:(221 ± 79) min, P = 0.042). No significant differences were found among three groups in hospital stay (P = 0.673) or postoperative morbidity (P = 0.735), including hepatic insufficiency, infection and ascites. HHV group showed an earlier recovery of gastrointestinal function (HHV group: (60 ± 12) h, MPV group:(69 ± 9) h, HPP group:(64 ± 8) h, P = 0.000).MPV group had a significantly lower level of aminotransferase at Day 1 and 3 postoperation (d1 ALT: HHV group: (403 ± 271) U/L, MPV group:(304 ± 211) U/L, HPP group: (448 ± 396) U/L, P = 0.033; d1 AST: HHV group: (394 ± 271) U/L, MPV group:(278 ± 189) U/L, HPP group: (432 ± 405) U/L, P = 0.017; d3 ALT: HHV group: (309 ± 193) U/L, MPV group:(232 ± 161) U/L, HPP group:(325 ± 277) U/L, P = 0.048; d3 AST: HHV group:(136 ± 105) U/L, MPV group:(91 ± 73) U/L, HPP group:(120 ± 87) U/L, P = 0.024).But no significant differences were found among three groups regarding total bilirubin, albumin, prealbumin and prothrombin time activity (P < 0.05) during any postoperative stage., Conclusion: All three types of anatomical vascular occlusion method are both safe and efficacious in hepatectomy. But no single method has absolute advantage over the other two. HPP method has the best hemostatic effect, MPV offers better postoperative liver function and HHV promotes early recovery of gastrointestinal function.

Objective: To analyze the clinical data and prognosis of gastric small cell carcinoma (GSCC), summarize recent progress in diagnosis and therapy of this disease reported in the literature, and to provide the theoretical basis for its appropriate treatment., Methods: Clinicopathological data of 17 patients with pathologically confirmed GSCC, treated in our hospital between 1999 to 2012, were retrospectively reviewed., Results: There were 16 males and 1 female, ranged from 46 to 75 years (mean 64.6 years). The tumor was located in the gastric cardia in 13 cases, three in the gastric fundus, and one in the gastric body. All the 17 patients received surgery and 10 of them received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, one received preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Thirteen patients were followed up. Among them, two 1ived for 40 months all along, the other 3 cases died of recurrence and extensive metastasis in 6 month after operation. The median survival was 13.0 months. The median survival of the patients with and without lymph node metastasis were 42 months and 13 months, respectively. The median survival time of stage II and III patients were 24 months and 14 months, respectively., Conclusions: It is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before or during the operation for GSCC. Radical operation could be done according to other gastric cancers and lymph node dissection could be simplified. Postoperative chemotherapy with the same scheme as lung small cell carcinoma may help to improve the outcome and prolong the survival of the patients.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the diagnosis, clinical features and therapy of primary colorectal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)., Methods: The clinicopathological data of 52 patients with primary colorectal NHL diagnosed and treated in our department from January 2000 to January 2010 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively in this study., Results: This group of patients was composed of 45 cases of B cell and 7 T cell lymphomas, including 33 males and 19 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1, and the age at diagnosis was 16 - 74 years old, with a median age of 50 years. The ileocecal region was most frequently involved site, acounted for 48.1%. The common symptoms encountered were abdominal pain (66.7%), diarrhea (15.6%), blood stool (24.4%), and body weight loss (8.9%). All patients were eventually diagnosed by histopathology, and the DLBCL subtype took up 64.4%. Among the 45 cases of B cell subtype, 33 cases (73.3%) were of early stage (IE and IIE confirmed), and the 5-year survival rate was 78.1%, while those of stage IIIE and IVE comprised 26.7%, with a 5-year survival rate of 45.5% (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of all patients was 71.1%. Surgery was employed in 36 cases, and 9 patients received chemotherapy alone. Radical surgery could significantly increase the patients' overall survival rate, as compared with the chemotherapy alone group and palliative surgery group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Colorectal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. B cell type, male predominance and DLBCL subtype are most encountered manifestations in clinics. Multi-modality management with radical surgical resection of the primary lesion followed by standard chemotherapy, affords better local disease control, and a better survival outcome. Early detection and tailored immunotherapy can obviously prolong the long-term survival time.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical feature, therapeutic methods and prognosis of gastric small cell carcinoma (SCC)., Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 41 patients diagnosed of gastric SCC were analyzed in this research. Also, the factors which may potentially affect the patients' survival outcome were evaluated. There were 35 male and 6 female patients. The age at diagnosis was 39-84 years, median age was 62 years. The 31 cases (75.6%) of gastric SCC patients were involved in the upper third of the stomach, 3 cases (7.3%) in the middle, 7 cases (17.1%) in the lower third., Results: The time from the event of symptoms to final confirmation was 1 to 13 months, the median time was 3 months. The longest diameter of tumors was from 2.5 to 15.0 cm, the average was 6.5 cm. The 38 cases (92.7%) chosed surgery as the first treatment, among which 25 cases (61.0%) were performed radical tumor resection, 13 cases (31.7%) went through palliative resection, and 3 cases (7.3%) just employed chemotherapy. The initial II, III, IV stage were 2, 31 and 8 cases, respectively. The overall median survival time was 19 months, median disease free survival time was 11 months, 1-, 2-, 5-years survival rates were 70.7%, 46.3% and 36.6%, respectively. In univariate survival analysis, the tumor size (χ² = 5.565), change of the body weight (χ² = 3.688), type of operation (χ² = 11.747) and relapse or not (χ² = 17.966) were obviously correlaed with the prognosis (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Gastric SCC is a rare disease of the gastrointestinal tract, the misdiagnosis rate is high, and the prognosis is dismal. Muti-modality management, with radical surgical resection of the primary lesion followed by standard adjuvant-chemotherapy, affords better local disease control and a better survival outcome.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the composition of bacterial flora isolated from deep periodontal pockets with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions, and to test the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobes., Methods: Microbial samples were taken from 82 deep periodontal pockets with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions using adequate techniques, and divided into two groups: endo-perio group and perio-endo group. Antibiotic susceptibility of cultivable anaerobes were tested with agar dilution method., Results: Eighty-six cultivable anaerobes were isolated, including Streptococcus spp, Prevotella spp, Actinomycetes spp, Veillonella spp, Fusobacterium spp and etc. 53.4% were gram-positive anaerobes, while 46.51% were gram-negative anaerobes. The detection rate of anaerobes in endo-perio group and that in perio-endo group had significant difference. Most isolated anaerobes were sensitive to six drugs. The resistance rates of penicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole were 6.8%, 13.9% and 2.2%., Conclusions: There is a close relationship between anaerobes and combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. Drug sensitive susceptibility should be detected prior to clinical treatment of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions.

Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of an in situ chitosan-quaternized chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate (CS-HTCC/GP) thermosensitive hydrogel in vitro., Methods: The primary cells were isolated from human periodontal ligament and cultured. The role of different concentrations of CS-HTCC/GP extract to HPDLCs was evaluated by MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Also, the ultra-architecture of HPDLCs was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: By immunocytochemical method, the cells were stained positively to antibodies against vimentin, and negatively to antibodies against cytokeratin, which indicated that they were external embryo mesenchymal cell without epithelial cell mixure. CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel promoted proliferation of HPDLCs,especially at 3d and 5d, the results was significantly different (P<0.001). ALP activity was significantly greater in group 2 and 3 than in group 4 after 5d (P<0.001). Also, no negative influence to ultrastructure of HPDLCs was found through SEM and TEM., Conclusions: The results indicate that CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel exhibits excellent cytocompatibility and has potential to be used as an in situ injectable local periodontal drug delivery vehicle and a tissue-engineering scaffold for periodontal disease therapy.

Objective: To improve the resection rate and increase operation safety for large centrally located liver tumors., Methods: Clinical data from 133 patients with large centrally located liver tumors confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Selective and timely regional hepatic vascular occlusion was used during the operation procedure., Results: The resection rate was 100%. Perioperative death occurred in one patient. During operations, Forty-four patients underwent regional hepatic inflow occlusion ranging from 12 to 33 minutes. Twenty-three patients underwent left and right inflow occlusion, respectively, ranging from 8 to 50 minutes. One patient had right half-hepatic vascular exclusion for 40 minutes. The blood loss of 132 patients was (665 ± 424) ml (one patient experienced diffuse blood oozing and died in the next day). Among them, the blood loss of patients with liver cirrhosis was (723 ± 479) ml. On the contrary, those without liver cirrhosis was (458 ± 223) ml (P < 0.01). Liver function in 92.4% (122/132) patients recovered to Child-Pugh A within one week. No liver failure occurred. After operation, 3 patients presented ascites. Among them, two patients had liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular jaundice, one patient was accepted for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization preoperatively. Four patients had biliary fistula, one patient had gastroparesis, one patient had thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein, and five patients had right pleural effusion. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 112 patients were 89.1%, 57.7% and 36.9%, respectively., Conclusions: Selective and timely regional hepatic vascular occlusion is useful for the resection of large centrally located liver tumors. This kind of procedure can effectively control the blood loss during the operation and shorten the ischemic reperfusion time, beneficial for protecting the liver cell function. This procedure is a safe hepatic flow occlusion method.

Purpose: To compare the effect of different etching adhesive and flowable resin in deep pits and fissures of young permanent molars sealant technique., Methods: Children aged 6-8 years old were included in the study. The split mouth design was used. The first permanent molars were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups:A and B.The teeth in group A were sealed with flowable resin and self-etching adhesive,while the teeth in group B were sealed with flowable resin and phosphate acid system. The children were followed up every year, and the sealants were observed and evaluated. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: After 1 year, 2 and 3 years,the retention rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05),while group A had more caries than group B(P<0.05) except at 1-year., Conclusion: Self-etching adhesive and flowable resin doesn't have excellent clinical effect on caries prevention.

Objective: To explore the variance of mean platelet volume (MPV) in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and risk factors of MPV changes and analyze the relationship between MPV and diabetic peripheral artery disease (PAD)., Methods: A total of 173 subjects were enrolled into this observational cross-sectional study. They were divided into 3 groups: NGT (n = 41), IGR (n = 41) and T2DM (n = 91). Blood pressure (BP), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and such fasting serum lipids as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), fast plasma glucose (FPG) and serum uric acid (UA) were determined. HbA1c and ankle/brachial index (ABI) were also measured., Results: (1) The MPV level was highest in the T2DM group (12.3 ± 1.5) fl. And it was significantly higher in the IGR group than in the NGT group (9.7 ± 0.9 vs 8.0 ± 0.9) fl (P < 0.01). It was significantly higher in diabetics with HbA1c ≥ 7% (13.2 ± 1.9) fl than in patients those with HbA1c 7% (11.8 ± 1.7) fl (P < 0.01); (2) Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age, serum creatinine, LDL-C and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were important influencing factors of MPV (adjusted R(2) = 0.891); (3) Multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that MPV was an important risk factor of PAD., Conclusion: The MPV level in T2DM is significantly higher than that in NGT and IGR subjects. FPG, LDL-C, age and serum creatinine are important contributors to MPV. And MPV is an important risk factor of PAD.

Objective: To establish an immortalized human infancy hemangioma-derived endothelial cell line (HemEC) and animal model of human infancy hemangioma., Methods: Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells from specimen of human infancy hemangioma were cultured in vitro and monocloed, and then its growth curve was made, karyomorphism of chromosome analyzed, morphologic characteristics observe, factor VIII related antigen identified by immunohistochemical method.Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) was detected by flow cytometry. HemEC were inoculated subcutaneously in athymic mouse to establish animal model of infancy hemangioma. The animal model was observed closely and its pathological characteristic was also studied., Results: The cultural cells grew active, and immortalized spontaneously when they were subcultured on sixteenth generation. This cell line was cultivated for more than 70 times within one year and in good condition after freezing and resuscitating once and again, and had the morphologic character of HemEC. The cell population doubling time was 22 h. Factor VIII and VEGFR-2 were expressed positively. Karyo type analysis of the cell line showed abnormal diploid with the modal chromosomal number varying between diploid and triploid. The cell line was then named XPTS-1. The animal model of infancy hemangioma was successfully established and its character of histopathology was similar with that of infancy hemangioma., Conclusions: The cell line of HemEC was successfully established and immortalized spontaneously, and had the morphologic and biological character of HemEC. The animal model of infancy hemangioma was successfully established and showed the character of histopathology similar with that of infancy hemangioma.

Objective: To design ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fracture and explore the feasibility and clinical practical value of the system through the multi-center analysis of 1122 acetabular fractures., Methods: According to acetabular three-column conception, and pelvic ring lesions damage direction caused by acetabular fracture domino effect and injury degree of proximal femur joint, it defined class A as any column acetabular fracture; class B as any two-column acetabular fracture; class C as front, dome and posterior mixture acetabular fracture. Lower case English letters a, m, p represented front, dome, posterior fracture, respectively. Acetabular damage variables: 1 was simple displaced fractures; 2 was comminuted fractures; 3 was compression fractures. Pelvic ring lesions damage variables: alpha was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture horizontal separation deflection; beta was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture vertical separation deflection; gamma was pubic symphysis separation/superior and inferior ramus of pubis fracture deflection; alpha beta gamma delta was compound floating damage. Proximal humerus joint damage variables: I was femoral head fracture; II was femoral neck fracture; II was intertrochanteric fractures of femur; IV was I to III compound fracture. The ABC damage variable positioning system for acetabular fracture was made up by the above-mentioned variables. The statistics from March 1997 to February 2010 showed 1122 cases acetabular fractures with 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and 1140 cases of acetabular fractures. The pelvics anterior-posterior view, ilium and obturator oblique view, and 2/3D-CT materials were analyzed and researched., Results: Each damage variables distribution situation in 1140 cases of acetabular fracture involved A in 237 cases (20.8%), B in 605 cases (53.1%), C in 298 cases (26.1%);front column fracture in 808 cases(70.9%), dome fracture in 507 cases (44.5%), posterior fracture in 1026 cases (90%). Acetabular variables: variabe 1 in 203 cases of simple displaced fracture (17.8%); variabe 2 in 516 cases of comminuted fracture(45.3%); variabe 3 in 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring lesions damage (21.8%), 75 cases femoral head fracture (6.6%); 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and relative pelvic ring and proximal humerus joint variables (1.58%). Key part and curative effect elements of 1140 cases acetabular fracture: 507 cases of dome or posterior acetabular fracture (44.5%); 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring variables (21.8%); 75 cases of proximal humerus joint variables (6.6%); 486 cases of simple Aa/pl/2,Bapl/2 acetabular fracture (42.6% )., Conclusion: Compression fracture, especially defected compression fracture, takes important part in acetabular damage variables, and also presents that acetabular fracture with pelvic ring and proximal femoral damage variables are not rare at all. The relationship of the acetabular fracture damage variables, and its percentage shows the key points and elements in clinical treatment: weight-bearing to dome accounts for 44.5%; compression to defects account for 36.9%, pelvic ring to float accounts for 21.8%; dome fracture to double side fracture account for 6.6%. The system has significant guiding effects on clinic in terms of evaluation of injury severity, anatomic localization, difficulty index, alternative strategy, operative approach, effect of treatment,and prognosis. And the most important thing is that the system creates the comparison of damage variables in same type of fracture and the communication of homo-language and explores a new method.

Objective: To evaluate the design principles, clinical results and significance of hatchet skin flaps for repairing tissue defects in different parts of cheek., Methods: The area of cheek was divided into three parts, P(I), P(II) and P(III), with vertical lines through the medial canthus and lateral canthus. Different kinds of hatchet skin flaps were designed to repair tissue defects in different part of cheek. The hatchet skin flaps were performed in 29 cases with tissue defects in different part of cheek from August 2005 to August 2009. There were 17 male and 12 female, aged from 19 to 81 years, with a mean age of (45 ± 16) years. The size of tissue defect ranged from 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm × 3.5 cm. Patients' satisfactions were evaluated with a questionnaire in 5 aspects:color and texture match, scar, morbidity, and function after 6 months operatively., Results: All the flaps survived completely with good color and tissue match. The facial contour was not altered obviously. Six to eighteen months later, all scars were almost invisible. All 29 patients were satisfied with their results., Conclusions: The hatchet skin flap is one of the versatile reconstructive methods for repairing of medium and small defects in the three parts of cheek. Defects in different part of cheek should be repaired individually with hatchet flap based on characters of natural lines.

Objective: To study the clinical efficacy of the frog shape four-step pulling method for the treatment of sacroiliac joint subluxation, and to explore the rationality of the method., Methods: Among 92 patients diagnosed as sacroiliac joint subluxation, 19 patients were male and 73 patients were female,ranging in age from 14 to 61 years, with an average of 38.7 years. The course of disease ranged from 1 month to 96 months,with an average of 18.4 months. All the patients were treated with the frog shape four-step pulling method. The therapeutic effects were observed., Results: The treatment times ranged from 1 to 10 (averaged 4.3 times). According to evaluation standard of sacroiliac joint subluxation, 71 patients got an excellent result, 19 good, 1 fair and 1 bad., Conclusion: The frog shape four-step pulling method had many advantages such as simplicity of operation, targeted, high rate of success, not easy rebound and less pain for patients and so on.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tumescent infiltration solution temperature on core body temperature after liposuction., Methods: 15 healthy female subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive tumescent infiltration solution at 25 degrees C as group A, or at 37 degrees C as group B. All subjects were under epidural anesthesia. Vital signs, including core temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure, were monitored immediately, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours after operation., Results: The core body temperature immediately, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after operation were (35.8 +/- 0.5) degrees C, (35.8 +/- 0.5) degrees C, (36.0 +/- 0.5) degrees C, (36.1 +/- 0.5) degrees C in group A, and (36.5 +/- 0.4) degrees C, (36.5 +/- 0.3) degrees C, (36.5 +/- 0.3) degrees C, (36.6 +/- 0.4) degrees C in group B, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.008, P = 0.008, P = 0.03, P = 0.033, respectively). There was no difference in body temperature 4 hours and 8 hours after operation and in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure between the two groups (P > 0. 05)., Conclusions: The tumescent infiltration solutions at room temperature (25 degrees C) can decrease the core body temperature and increase surgical risk. It might not be good for rehabilitation. It is recommended to use tumescent infiltration solution at body temperature (37 degrees C) in liposuction.

Objectives: To study the effects of Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel on collagen-I and collagen-III expression in the process of rabbits' epidural scar formation after operation., Methods: Ninety-six white rabbits with 6-month-old, half males and half females, weighted from 2 to 2.5 kg, which were randomly divided into normal saline group (A), Sanqi group (B), qisodium hyaluronate group (C) and Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel group (D). The laminectomy of rabbits were performed in group A, B, C, D, the duras were surrounded with normal saline, Sanqi liquid, qisodium hyaluronate and Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel respectively. Animals of each group were killed at 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after operation. Use Masson staining for histological observation of collagen, and in situ hybridization staining for the analysis of collagen-I and collagen-III expression., Results: In the Masson staining, Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel group was more regular than the control group in the shape of collagen texture. As to the expression of collagen-I, and Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel group was lower than normal saline group, the Sanqi group and qisodium hyaluronate group at 4 weeks after using medicine (P < 0.01); while the Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel group was higher than normal saline group, Sanqi group and qisodium hyaluronate group in the collagen-III expression (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Sanqi qisodium hyaluronate gel could improve collagen's arrangement of the rabbit's epidural scar after operation, reduce its rigidity and increase flexibility.

Purpose: The widths of anterior teeth are measured and compared to see if there was any specific ratio between the anterior teeth, and to provide some referential data for clinical application in esthetic dentistry., Methods: Gypsum casts of the maxillary and mandibular arches were made by traditional ways. With the help of dividers and vernier calipers, the widths of anterior teeth were measured. The mean values were gained by doing the measurement several times. SAS6.12 software package was used for grouped t test, paired t test and REG regression., Results: Statistically significant difference(P<0.01) was observed, when comparing the widths of anterior teeth with their ideal golden section(0.618 or 1.618). There were statistically significant differences in the correlation coefficient of anterior teeth(P=0.0001)., Conclusions: The golden section is not found in the anterior teeth. There is some proportional relationships between the upper and lower anterior teeth.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hatchet flap for buccal tissue defect., Methods: The hatchet flap was designed beside the tissue defect and advanced to cover the defect., Results: Since 2006, 13 cases were treated with primary healing and no flap loss. The size of the flaps ranged from 1.8 cm x 2.0 cm to 2.5 cm x 3.5 cm. All the cases were followed up for 3 months to 1.5 years. The postoperative appearance was satisfactory with inconspicuous scar., Conclusions: Hatchet flap is very suitable for the buccal tissue defect with satisfactory cosmetic result. The facial natural figure is protected very well.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of chitosan - quaternized chitosan/alpha, beta-glycerophosphate (CS-HTCC/GP) thermosensitive hydrogel against three periodontal pathogens- P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans., Methods: An agar diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial property of CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory zone measurement. SPSS13.0 software package was used for Student's t test., Results: Three periodontal pathogens strains were all susceptible to CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel. Both matrix of thermosensitive hydrogel and antibiotic exhibited stronger antibacterial activity especially when they were combined., Conclusions: CS-HTCC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel is not only as the vehicle of antibiotics which joins the local drug delivery system but as an activator which takes part in the antibacterial process.