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To study the optimal extraction conditions for microwave-assisted water extraction combined with foam separation and enrichment of the saponins of Gleditsia sinensis Lam.. Through single factor experiments and response surface experiments, microwave power, microwave time, liquid-to-material ratio, and raw material particle size were used as test factors to explore the optimal extraction conditions for microwave-assisted water extraction, and then the enrichment ratio was further used as an investigation factor to explore gas effects of flow rate, temperature, liquid filling volume, and feed liquid concentration on the enrichment of saponins. The results showed that: The optimal conditions for the microwave-assisted water extraction method were microwave time 33 s, microwave power 1 000 W, raw material particle size 100 mesh, and liquid-to-material ratio 35 mL/g. The optimal enrichment conditions for the foam separation and enrichment method are gas flow rate 400 mL/min, liquid volume 30 mL, feed liquid concentration 7.13 mg/mL, and temperature 70 °. Microwave-assisted water extraction combined with foam separation to enrich saponin saponin has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, green environmental protection and simple equipment compared with traditional alcohol extraction and water decoction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment used the response surface method to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and studied its antioxidant activity. Four factors with significant impact on polysaccharide extraction (extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and liquid-to-solid ratio) were selected as the subjects of investigation. Based on the results of single-factor experiments, the Box-Behnken design response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides. The antioxidant activity of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides was evaluated by measuring their scavenging effects on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The results showed that the optimal extraction process obtained by the response surface optimization was an extraction temperature of 79 °C, an extraction time of 54 minutes, an ultrasonic power of 59 W, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 23 mL/g, at which the yield of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. reached 3.19%. At a concentration of 5 g/L, the maximum scavenging rates of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides were 61% and 39%, respectively. The study indicates that the optimized ultrasonic extraction process of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides is stable and feasible, and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides possess certain antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well logging evaluation of the low-porosity and low-permeability carbonate reservoir is difficult because of its complex mineral composition, difficult to determine rock skeleton parameters, diverse types of reservoir space, complex pore structure and pore-permeability relationship, and unobvious response characteristics of conventional logging curves. In order to quantitatively evaluate the pore structure and calculate the reservoir parameters by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging, NMR experiments on the core samples from low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir were performed. The pore structure was analyzed from the NMR data, and a T2 cutoff value was calculated using the T2 spectrum distribution curve. With the NMR method, the total porosity, effective porosity, bound water porosity, permeability and other reservoir parameters of the core samples were determined and compared with the results obtained with the conventional core experiments. The advantages and limitations of NMR methods in evaluating the low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs were summarized.

Electrocatalytic oxidation is an effective water treatment method for degradation of organic pollutants, and the key to the technical advantages lies in anode materials with excellent performance. Ti-based anode can be conveniently prepared by coating a titanium substrate with a non-noble metal oxide such as lead, tin or manganese. At the same time, the anode materials with outstanding stability and catalytic activity can be obtained by various preparation and modification methods, which make it have great development prospects. Research progress on the stability optimization of non-precious metal oxide coating anode was reviewed from the perspective of substrate processing, intermediate layer optimization and surface modification. Catalytic activity enhancement was summarized from the aspect of surface synergism and the expansion of the action area, and the modification mechanism of coating anodes was commented. Finally, in order to promote the development of the electrocatalytic oxidation anode materials and its application in water treatment, development direction of non-precious metal oxide coated anodes was pointed out.

Taking Maogongpu iron mine in Fushun, Liaoning Province, as the object, the study carries out the high-precision gravity and magnetic survey, with non-equidistant, non-equal-ratio IP sounding and wide-audio-frequency magnetotelluric (MT) sounding in key areas. The survey adopts small point distance of 5 m for key sections, and large point distance of 20 m for other sections in single profile. The maximum interval of non-equal-ratio pole distance induced polarization(IP) sounding is less than 200 m, and the widest frequency of wide-audio-frequency MT sounding is 0.1 Hz. The gravity and magnetic data are processed by multi-software, multi-parameter and multi-method, with multiple transition maps for comprehensive research and selection of effective key areas. Conventional sounding methods with unconventional parameters are applied in key areas. Besides, multi-parameter and multi-method data processing and inversion methods are used to accurately characterize the deep electrical characteristics, which are finally verified by drilling project. The results show that the high-precision gravity survey can assist high-precision magnetic survey with iron deposit exploration. The gravity anomaly can better represent the surface projection position of anomaly geological body. Electromagnetic sounding is an effective method for vertical division. Parameters such as resistivity and polarizability of IP sounding can be used to classify and detect the boundary of alteration, structure and rock mass better. The multiple electrical parameters of IP sounding can make up for the shortage of single electrical parameters of MT sounding, and help to identify water body, polymetallic mineralization, altered body, structure and fracture zone. The working procedure from region to area, from area to point and from point to depth is effective. The drilling results show that the integrated methods have a good performance in the iron deposit exploration, especially in the determination of spatial occurrence parameters of iron orebody, such as buried depth, dip direction, dig angle and shape. A set of effective iron deposit exploration technology model is established with this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of soil arthropod communities in annual monoculture grasslands is still unclear, which restricts the understanding of the degradation mechanism of cultivated grasslands. We cultivated two annual gramineae species, Lolium multiflorum and Avena sativa, separately in Hongyuan County, located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in April 2019. We investigated soil arthropods, plant communities and soil properties in the cultivated grasslands and natural grassland in the late September every year from 2019 to 2022. The results showed that : 1) The taxonomic composition of soil arthropod communities differed significantly among three grasslands and sampling years. 2) There was no significant difference in the density, taxonomic richness, Shannon index and evenness index of soil arthropod communities among three grasslands. 3) The density of soil arthropod communities significantly fluctuated across years in three grasslands, and the taxonomic richness and Shannon index decreased significantly in the L. multiflorum and A. sativa grasslands, with the evenness index declining significantly only in the fourth year. The Shannon index fluctuated significantly and the evenness index varied little in natural grassland. 4) The above- and below-ground biomass, the contents of soil total P, total K and available N were the main factors influencing the taxonomic composition, density and diversity indices of soil arthropod communities. The results suggested that the cultivation of annual gramineae grasslands have significant effects on taxonomic composition, but not on density and diversity of soil arthropod communities, and those variables change significantly across different years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the main challenges facing cloud forensics,cloud characteristics were analyzed and a cloud forensic model was proposed.In the model,the deployment of persistent forensic readiness service,multi-round identification strategy based on “iteration” and multi-level evidence location method for distributed file system,“data isolation” and “on-demand collection” strategies,and the establishment of comprehensive evidence analysis platform based on cloud resources were presented.Finally,the validity of the model was analyzed combining the forensic scene in the cloud environment.

A blind separation algorithm was proposed for PCMA signals with different symbol rates based on double grid per-survivor processing (DG-PSP).The channel states and two input signal components were treated as two dynamic grids,receiving mixed-signal reconstructed by respectively iterative updating the two groups of grid status,thus achieving blind signal separation.The joint iterative decoding separation structure was focused,and a detailed analysis and comparison under different error estimation of parameters was shown.The complexity of the algorithm is similar to the traditional PSP algorithm.Simulation results show that,a gain of about 2 dB in signal-noise ratio can be obtained after the first iteration at a bit error rate of 10−2,and a gain of nearly 3 dB in signal-noise ratio can be obtained after the second iteration.

For cooperative received high-order modulation PCMA (paired carrier multiple access) signals,joint estima-tion of frequency offset and time delay was proposed.The sequence samples stored locally were used as auxiliary data.Estimation of frequency offset and time delay was calculated by optimizing the objective function,which was obtained from the cross-correlation computation of the auxiliary data and mixed signal,and the optimized process was accom-plished by utilizing two-dimensional search.By setting the threshold of joint estimation,the calculated amount was greatly reduced.Modified Cramer-Rao bound (MCRB) of interference frequency offset and time delay was derived,which provided theoretical basis for performance of the proposed algorithm.Simulation results show that the algorithm has similar performance with existing algorithms,but its complexity is reduced by two-thirds.

[Objectives] To analyze the transcriptome of Calliptamus abbreviatus (Calliptaminae, Orthoptera), one of the main pests of grassland and semi-rural pastoral areas, in order to identify immune related signal pathways and genes in this pest. [Methods] Transcriptome data of female and male adults were sequenced on an Illumina high-throughput platform. Bioinformatics analysis of sequencing data, such as assembly and annotation, were implemented, and immune related pathways and genes were identified. [Results] A total of 36 804 unigenes were obtained, of which 21 137 were successfully annotated using the seven functional databases (Nr, Nt, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot and Interpro). 160 unigenes associated with innate immunity were identified in the Toll, IMD and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. 166 unigenes are associated with other immune related pathways (such as the MAPK and TLR signaling pathway), and 457 are associated with detoxification metabolism related pathways. In total 8 125 genes that are differentially expressed in males and females were identified, of which 6 326 were up-regulated and 1 799 down-regulated, respectively. Based on KEGG annotation, a total of 22 unigenes were annotated in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and six were annotated in the MAPK pathway. In addition, 6 227 SSRs were detected. [Conclusion] Transcriptome data on C. abbreviates was successfully obtained and immune related pathways and genes identified. These findings provide a molecular basis for gene function annotation, the identification of immune genes, and molecular marker development, in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new rate-distortion model of H.264 encoder was firstly set up according to the rate distortion（R-D） charac-teristics of H.264.Then,the end-to-end video transmission distortion was analyzed and based on the R-D model of the H.264 encoder and the error combat characteristics of the Turbo code,an adaptive joint source channel coding（JSCC） over wireless channel was proposed,which could optimize the rate allocation of the available network bandwidth be-tween source coding and channel coding adaptively according to the actual condition of current wireless channel,so as to improve the robustness of the video transmission.The experiment results indicate that,compared with fix choice of channel coding rate,the proposed JSCC scheme is can greatly improve the transmission robustness and achieve better reconstructed video quality at the receiver.

The comparative study places the geological characteristics and evolution of Mongolia-Okhotsk fold system into the macroscopic framework of Paleo-Asian Ocean and peri-Pacific tectonic domains. It shows that the Mongolia-Okhotsk tectonic belt belongs to composite fold system. According to the main characteristics, the fold system can be divided into two parts. In the western part, the geological characteristics of Hangay-Kent-Daur fold belt in Late Neoproterozoic-Late Paleozoic are similar to the evolution characteristics of Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain, with its tectonic evolution in Early Mesozoic related to the continental disintegration after the plate convergence of Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain and large-scale strike slip and thrust superimposed in Late Mesozoic. While in the east, the main fold system is part of the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of peri-Pacific active continental margin, with the Mesozoic continental arc basin system and large strike-slip fault zone in its western sectiont superimposed on the paleo-Eurasia Plate and Paleozoic fold belt and the Middle Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Uda-Murga continental margin fold-thrust belt in its eastern section cut obliquely and covered by Late Cretaceous Sikhot-Alin and Okhotsk-Chukchi continental margin volcanic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By reprocessing the gravity and magnetic data in Northeast China, the paper discusses the location of suture zone between North China Plate and Siberia Plate, which has been controversial for long, and gains a new understanding. It is considered that, in Northeast China, the suture is with an approximately equal width about 240 km, starting from north Chaoyang-south Tongliao in the west with NEE trend, turning SEE through north Shenyang- north Changchun, to north Tonghua-south Hunchun. Such understanding mainly comes from the comprehensive analysis of regional gravity and magnetic data, including the primary data, vertical and horizontal derivatives, horizontal gradient mode, different upper continuation heights, several filtering such as wavelet, small subdomain and interpolation, and anomaly characteristics reflected by various processing like signal extraction and enhancement. There are obvious differences in gravity and magnetic anomaly between the south and north, inside and outside of the zone, commonly showing anomaly dislocation, curve distortion, trend change, scale difference and feature interaction between inside and outside. For example, the Songliao Basin has undergone significant changes in the north-south width, and even the terrains and mountains are differentiated due to the existence of the suture zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau has achieved significant on-site benefits to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality, with remarkable off-site effects of reducing sediment delivery to Yellow River. However, regional forest community succession is still far from being adequately developed. The Ziwuling forest region and its highly developed forest community, as an advanced eco-zone, can lend practical experience to other regions on the Loess Plateau and help to identify the most suitable tree species for a better regional restoration in the future. With the aim to systematically understand the potential effects of typical local tree species to soil properties, three typical and well-established artificial forests in the Ziwuling region, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis were investigated in this study, with the climax community Quercus wutaishanica as a reference. All the four forest type had comparable stand age (25 years). Soil samples from 0-20 cm layers were collected from those four plantations. The soil microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen), soil enzyme (invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) activities and their correlations were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) soil invertase activity ranged from 16.94 to 64.49 mg•g-1•24 h-1, the soil urease activity from 0.15 to 0.26 mg•g-1•24 h-1, and the alkaline phosphatase activity from 0.65 to 1.23 mg•g-1•24 h-1. The activities of those three enzymes were significantly higher in the P. orientalis soil that in the R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis soils. The geometric average values in the P. orientalis soil were even greater than that in the Q. wutaishanica soil. 2) The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen varied from 247.37 to 529.84 mg•kg-1 and 41.48 to 77.91 mg•kg-1, respectively. Both of them were significantly greater in the P. orientalis soil than that in the R. pseudoacacia and P. tabu-liformis soils. Even though the soil microbial biomass carbon in the P. orientalis soil remained lower than that in the Q. wutaishanica soil, its soil microbial biomass nitrogen was greater than in the Q. wutaishanica soil. 3) The dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the P. tabuliformis soil were much greater than that in other species, even greater than their own soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Such a result indicated that dissolved organic matter might play a more important role in providing plant available nutrients than microbial biomass in the P. tabuliformis soil. 4) The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with the total organic carbon and the total nitrogen, particularly for the R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis soils. There were significantly positive relationships between the soil invertase activity, urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, and their soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents. 5) Based on the results of principal component analysis, we concluded that the artificial forests types had obvious effects on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, the ratio of carbon to phosphorus, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus and urease activity. Overall, our findings suggested that P. orientalis is better than R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis in term of improving soil properties in the south forest zone on the Chinese Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potted Red globe/Beta grapevines were selected to irrigated with NaCl, Na2 SO4, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4. Hence, the ions which induced leaf etiolation were screened and the impacts of different salt and alkali on ion distribution in different organs of grapevines were investigated. It was found that NaHCO3 exerted the greatest effects on grapevines, leaf etiolation at 14 days after treatment. By contrast, NaCl and NH4Cl treatments induced leaf etiolation at 28 days after treatment. The Na+ content in all the detected organs were significantly increased under NaHCO3 and NaCl treatment, and Na+ content in root under NaHCO3 treatment was 6.4 times as that in control root. NaHCO3 and NaCl treatments significantly decreased K+ content in the organs with the exception of leaf. NaHCO3 treatment significantly decreased K/Na in different organs, which declined to 0.1 in root. By contrast, NaCl treatment significantly decreased K/Na in the detected organs with exception of stem. Besides, the transport of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ to aboveground organs was significantly decreased by NaHCO3 and NaCl treatments. K/Na ratio in the detected organs were decreased under NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4 treatments, especially under NH4 Cl treatment. Taken together, NaHCO3 was the primary factor resulting in leaf etiolation, followed by NaCl and NH4Cl, while (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4 produced impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutted seedlings of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.Chuju were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0,100,200,300,40,500 mmol.L-1) to probe the effects of salt stress.Morphological characteristics, root ac-tivity and contents of stress related components (such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, proline, and MDA) were meas-ured. The results indicated that with the increase of salinity, the chlorophyll content and root activity decreased grad-ually, and the contents of soluble sugar and MDA decreased after an initial increase, while the relative electrolytic leakage and proline content increased continuously. The above results suggested that the cutting seedlings of C. morifolium cv.Chuju could tolerate lower concentration NaCl stress, but under higher concentration of NaCl, its growth would be inhibited obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer interlocking software is the highest safety integrity level software, so it is essential to test it before putting it into use. In order to get interlocking software test cases, combined with UML models with sufficient testing information, this paper proposed a method of test case generation based on UML sequence diagram. By proposing generating algorithm of directed graph SG, transferred sequence diagram into SG and traversed SG based on specific coverage criteria and by using depth-first algorithm. It generated the input, respected output, constraint and scenario context and these four constituted the test case. Finally, route setting example proves the feasibility and correctness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Cucumis sativus L. (Jinchun No. 4) as test material, through the determination of chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm, and in combining with chlorophyll quenching, this paper studied the recovery of cucumber leaf's PS I and PS I activities and the interactions between PS I and PS II in the recovery process at room temperature (25 °C) and under different light intensities (0, 15, and 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) after six hours of low temperature (4 °C) and strong light (200 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 ) stress. Different extent of photoinhibition of the PS II and PS I occurred after the stress. During the recovery process at room temperature, the PS II activity recovered quickly and was insensitive to light intensity, while the PS I activity recovered quickly under weak light intensity (15 μmol · m-2 · s-1 ) but slowly under strong light intensity (200 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 ), suggesting that after the chilling-induced photoinhibition, the reduced electron transfer from PS II to PS I protected the PS I from further inhibition, accelerating the recovery of PS I activity. In the breeding of chilling-resistant species of cucumber, it should not only pursue the higher chilling-resistance of PS II and faster recovery of PS II after chilling-induced photoinhibition, but also pay more attention to the coordinating of PS I and PS II during and after the chilling-induced photoinhibition. In the culture of cucumber, after chilling happened, a practical method to reduce light intensity would help the recovery of cucumber leaf PS I activity to protect the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting PCR-RFLP and 16S rDNA sequencing, this paper analyzed the genetic diversity and phylogeny of 40 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Caragana spp. root nodules, and determined the salt resistance, acid- and alkali resistance, and growth temperature range of the strains. A total of 9 genotypes were obtained from the 40 strains by RFLP. The 16S rDNA sequencing, morphological observation, and biochemical test of representative strains showed that the strains belonged to Bacillus, Inquilinus, Shinella and Acinetobacter, respectively, and had rich genetic diversity. 57.5% of the strains could tolerate 4% NaCl stress, 75% of the strains could grow in YMA medium with an initial pH 11.0, and 85% of the strains could survive after heat shock treatment at 60 °C, suggesting that the endophytic bacteria of Caragana spp. had strong resistance capacity. Among the strains, LWEN 07 and LWEN 15 were most resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the dominant tree species Quercus mongolica in natural coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountains as test object, this paper studied the variations of leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents per unit mass and per unit area, as well as the leaf N and P resorption efficiency and use efficiency at upper and lower canopy positions during growth season (from June to October). In the growth season, and at both upper and lower canopy positions, the LMA and leaf C content per unit area had obvi- ous monthly fluctuation, the leaf N and P contents per unit area had the similar monthly variation trend with the leaf N and P contents per unit mass, but the leaf N and P resorption efficiency per unit mass had no significant difference with the leaf N and P resorption efficiency per unit area. The leaf N resorption efficiency and use efficiency were less affected by canopy position, but the leaf P resorption efficiency and use efficiency were higher at upper canopy than at lower canopy. Under the scenario of future climate change, the higher survival and competitive capabilities of Q. mongol- ica would benefit the nutrient cycling in the test forest ecosystem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, China has been facing the dual challenges of air pollution control and carbon emission reduction. Pollution and carbon reduction have become a breakthrough point for green socio-economic transformation. Air pollutant and CO 2 emission inventories provide a tool for monitoring pollution and carbon reduction; however, there have been some problems in previous studies, including incomplete species coverage, different source classifications, and narrow time scales. Based on the unified emission source classification system and estimation method, an emission inventory was developed for Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020, and the emission trends, structure change, driving force, synergistic benefits, and spatial distribution were analyzed. Hebei Province achieved a balance during the study period in socio-economic development and anthropogenic emission control. SO 2 emissions decreased rapidly during the "Ten Atmospheric Measures" period. VOCs and NH 3 emissions reduction were more significant during the "Blue Sky Defense War" period. The decrease rates of NO x and PM 2.5 emissions were relatively stable, and CO 2 emissions increased slightly. The coal-fired treatment effectively reduced the air pollutant and CO 2 emissions and strengthening the emission standards for key industries reduced SO 2 , NO x , and PM 2.5 emissions; however, the VOCs emission control requires improvement. Power and residential sources achieved co-reduction of air pollutants and CO 2 and reducing residential coal optimized the energy structure, thereby leading to greater synergistic benefits in the residential source. The key pollution and carbon reduction areas in Hebei Province were Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Handan, Baoding, and Langfang. The methods and conclusions in this study can provide technical and decision-making references for regional pollution and carbon reduction efforts.

Objectives: To investigate the distribution characteristics and correlation of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates., Methods: Full-term healthy neonates who were born in Shanghai Pudong New Area Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to January 2022 and were given mixed feeding were enrolled. The 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the stool and pharyngeal swab samples collected on the day of birth and days 5-7 after birth, and the composition and function of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota were analyzed and compared., Results: The diversity analysis showed that the diversity of pharyngeal microbiota was higher than that of intestinal microbiota in early neonates, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). On the day of birth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx ( P <0.05). On days 5-7 after birth, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx ( P <0.05), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the pharynx ( P <0.05). At the genus level, there was no significant difference in the composition of dominant bacteria between the intestine and the pharynx on the day of birth ( P >0.05), while on days 5-7 after birth, there were significant differences in the symbiotic bacteria of Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , Rothia , Bifidobacterium , and Escherichia - Shigella between the intestine and the pharynx ( P <0.05). The analysis based on the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins showed that pharyngeal microbiota was more concentrated on chromatin structure and dynamics and cytoskeleton, while intestinal microbiota was more abundant in RNA processing and modification, energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and others ( P <0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that compared with pharyngeal microbiota, intestinal microbiota was more predictive of cell motility, cellular processes and signal transduction, endocrine system, excretory system, immune system, metabolic diseases, nervous system, and transcription parameters ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: The composition and diversity of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota of neonates are not significantly different at birth. The microbiota of these two ecological niches begin to differentiate and gradually exhibit distinct functions over time.

Objective: To analyze types of urinary calculi and patients' clinical characteristics, and to explore the strategies for prevention and treatment of urinary calculi.
 Methods: A total of 1 849 patients with urinary calculi were treated in the Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The components were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The relationship between stone composition and clinical parameters was analyzed according to the clinical characteristics of the patients.
 Results: The proportion of calcium oxalate stone or uric acid stone in male (84.1% or 7.7%) was higher than that in female (78.4% or 4.2%). The older patients were more likely to be diagnosed as uric acid stone. The proportions of uric acid stone in patients <18 years old, 18-<41 years old, 41-<66 years old, and ≥66 years old were 0.0%, 1.6%, 6.6%, and 12.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of stones in patients with different BMI. There were no significant difference in the stone composition between the patients with or without urinary tract infection, hypertension or diabetes. The proportion of uric acid stones in patients with acidic urine was higher than the other types. The proportion of uric acid stones in patients with elevated creatinine (12.1%) was higher than that in the patients with normal creatinine (4.5%).
 Conclusion: Elderly patients, or patients with high uric acid and renal insufficiency are more prone to uric acid stones. Regulation of urinary pH may be an important strategy for preventing and treating urinary calculi in Hunan Province.

Decades of ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau has achieved significant on-site benefits to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality, with remarkable off-site effects of reducing sediment delivery to Yellow River. However, regional forest community succession is still far from being adequately developed. The Ziwuling forest region and its highly developed forest community, as an advanced eco-zone, can lend practical experience to other regions on the Loess Plateau and help to identify the most suitable tree species for a better regional restoration in the future. With the aim to systematically understand the potential effects of typical local tree species to soil properties, three typical and well-established artificial forests in the Ziwuling region, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis were investigated in this study, with the climax community Quercus wutaishanica as a reference. All the four forest type had comparable stand age (25 years). Soil samples from 0-20 cm layers were collected from those four plantations. The soil microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen), soil enzyme (invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) activities and their correlations were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) soil invertase activity ranged from 16.94 to 64.49 mg·g -1 ·24 h -1 , the soil urease activity from 0.15 to 0.26 mg·g -1 ·24 h -1 , and the alkaline phosphatase activity from 0.65 to 1.23 mg·g -1 ·24 h -1 . The activities of those three enzymes were significantly higher in the P. orientalis soil that in the R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis soils. The geometric average values in the P. orientalis soil were even greater than that in the Q. wutaishanica soil. 2) The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen varied from 247.37 to 529.84 mg·kg -1 and 41.48 to 77.91 mg·kg -1 , respectively. Both of them were significantly greater in the P. orientalis soil than that in the R. pseudoacacia and P. tabu-liformis soils. Even though the soil microbial biomass carbon in the P. orientalis soil remained lower than that in the Q. wutaishanica soil, its soil microbial biomass nitrogen was greater than in the Q. wutaishanica soil. 3) The dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the P. tabuliformis soil were much greater than that in other species, even greater than their own soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Such a result indicated that dissolved organic matter might play a more important role in providing plant available nutrients than microbial biomass in the P. tabuliformis soil. 4) The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with the total organic carbon and the total nitrogen, particularly for the R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis soils. There were significantly positive relationships between the soil invertase activity, urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, and their soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents. 5) Based on the results of principal component analysis, we concluded that the artificial forests types had obvious effects on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, the ratio of carbon to phosphorus, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus and urease activity. Overall, our findings suggested that P. orientalis is better than R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis in term of improving soil properties in the south forest zone on the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of bladder irrigation with amphotericin B for treatment of fungal infection in the urinary tract., Methods: All the available randomized controlled trials (published before March, 2018) examining bladder irrigation with amphotericin B for treatment of urinary tract fungal infection were searched in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 12, 2017), PubMed, EMBase, Web of Knowledge Database, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang DATA and VIP information. Data were extracted from the selected trials for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: A total of 96 studies were retrieved from the databases, and 9 trials involving 853 patients were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with oral administration of fluconazole, bladder irrigation with amphotericin B was more effective in the treatment of fungal infection in the urinary tract (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.2-2.3, P=0.002) and was associated with less adverse reactions., Conclusion: Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B can improve the curative effect of fungal infection in the urinary tract, but due to the small sample size of the included studies, this conclusion needs to be further validated by high-quality studies.

Objective: To investigate the effect of estradiol on the expression of antioxidant enzymes in osteoblasts and its role in postmenopausal osteoporosis., Methods: Rat models of osteoporosis established by ovariectomy were treated with estradiol for 3 months, and the changes in serum levels of reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 ) and antioxidant enzymes (γ -GCS, GSH-ST and GSH-px) were detected. The effects of estradiol on the expression of γ -GCS mRNA and protein in osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1, MG63 and OB were examined with PCR and Western blotting. Using a mRNA microarray, we analyzed the changes in the expressions of 84 antioxidant enzymes in the osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 following estradiol treatment, and the enzymes with significant changes were verified by PCR. CCK-8 kit was used to evaluate the effect of estradiol and antioxidant NAC on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells., Results: Rat models of osteoporosis were successfully established with ovariectomy. The osteoporotic rats showed significantly increased serum level of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. Estrogen treatment of the osteoporotic rats obviously reversed the phenotype of osteoporosis, lowered serum level of reactive oxygen species, and increased the level of γ -GCS. In MC3T3-E1, MG63 and OB cells, estradiol treatment significantly upregulated the expression levels of γ -GCS mRNA and protein. In MC3T3-E1 cells treated with estrogen, the mRNA chip identified 6 upregulated antioxidant enzymes (Gpx6, Gstk1, Nos2, Prdx2, Ngb and Ccs), and the results of PCR verified that estradiol upregulated Ccs and Ngb mRNAs in MC3T3-E1, MG63 and OB cells. Estradiol and antioxidant NAC obviously promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells., Conclusion: Estradiol significantly increases the expression of antioxidase γ -Gcs, Ccs and Ngb in osteoblasts in vitro. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is closely related with the increase of reactive oxygen species and the decrease of antioxidant levels. In osteoblasts, estrogen deficiency may increase the level of reactive oxygen species, decrease the level of antioxidant enzymes, activate the oxidative stress cascade, and consequently inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts to aggravate the condition of osteoporosis.

Purpose: Cell sheets of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) were constructed. Their histological and biological properties were studied to provide experimental basis for its application in dental pulp regeneration in immature permanent teeth., Methods: SCAP were isolated and cultured from immature permanent third molars. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate surface marker expression of SCAP. Alizarin red S staining was used to test osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of SCAP. SCAP (at P3) were cultured in cell sheets medium for 14 days. Hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) staining was used for histological observation; flow cytometry analysis was used to test cell cycle of SCAP cell sheets; Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen I (Col-I). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Runx2 and ALP. SPSS 17.00 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: H-E staining showed that SCAP cell sheets contained multiple layers of cells (5 to 6 layers) with high cell density, retained tight junctions and secreted rich extracellular matrix. The cell cycle of SCAP cell sheets showed that G2+S phase was lower, while G1 phase was higher than SCAP, which indicated the proliferation rate of SCAP cell sheets was down-regulated (P＜0.05). Moreover, compared with SCAP, osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of SCAP cell sheets was significantly increased (P＜0.05)., Conclusions: SCAP cell sheets secret rich extracellular matrix, and osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity in SCAP cell sheets is higher than SCAP. SCAP cell sheets may possess more potentials in dental pulp regeneration.

Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Objective: To establish a method for gene delivery in murine renal tissue using lentivirus vector encoding miR-483-5p., Methods: Thirty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, low-dose treatment group (5 µL each kidney) , and high?dose treatment group (20 µL each kidney), and in the latter two groups, the lentivirus vector encoding miR-483-5p were injected in the renal cortex. The tissue samples were collected at 7 and 21 days after the injection. A transgenic mouse model with inducible systemic overexpression of miR-483-5p was established in TG483 mice. The Cre-loxp system was used to create a mouse model with renal tubule-specific expression of miR-483-5p. The levels of BUN in the mice were detected and HE staining and fluorometric TUNEL assay were used to observe the morphological changes of the kidneys; real-time qPCR was used to detect miR-483-5p expression in the renal cortex., Results: The mice with overexpression of miR-483-5p had normal renal function without obvious pathological changes or apoptosis in the renal tissue. Renal cortex injection of 20 µL lentivirus resulted in obviously increased level of miR-483-5p at 21 days (1.2∓0.43 vs 8.6∓1.09, P<0.001). miR-483-5p showed a low expression (0.9∓0.09 vs 1.7∓0.19, P<0.05) in TG483 mice and a high expression in the kidney of the transgenic mice established using the Cre-loxp system (1.6∓1.13 vs 12.36∓3.89, P<0.05)., Conclusion: The transgenic mice with renal tubule-specific expression of miR-483-5p show normal renal function, and this model facilitates further study of the role of miR-483-5p in the kidney.

The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of vegetation type, topographic features and their combined effects on soil microbial biomass stoichiometry, so as to better understand the interaction of soil, soil microbes and nutrient cycling under different vegetation types in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau. Soils from three vegetation zones (forest zone, forest-steppe and steppe) and five slope positions (south/north backslope, south/north shoulder and summit) were chosen and the effects of vegetation types and topography features on soil and C:N:P ratios in soil microbial biomass were investigated in this study. The results showed that, among the five slope positions, the highest concentrations of soil and soil microbial biomass C, N, P were found at the backslope position and the north-facing slope. The effects of vegetation types on soil and soil microbial biomass C, N and P in the two soil layers were significantly different, whereas the effects of slope aspect and positions were only numerically different. As for different soil layers, the topsoil (0-10 cm) was more affected by slope aspect, while the subsoil (10-20 cm) was more influenced by slop position. While the effects of vegetation type on soil C:N, C:P and N:P and soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P were significant, slope aspect and slope position only influenced soil C:P and N:P. Consequently, on the Loess Plateau, the effects of vegetation type on soil and soil microbial biomass C, N, P were stronger than those of the topographic features. The standardized major axis tests showed that C:N:P stoichiometry in soil microbes was well-constrained, especially in the steppe zone. The soil microbial biomass N:P might be used as a useful tool to assess nutrient limitation of ecosystem processes in terrestrial ecosystems. If combined with plant leaf N:P, they could provide more accurate information to estimate the nutrient limitation of fragile ecosystem in hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau.

Based on the reviewing of development and disadvantages of Chinese medicine formula granules, the concept of standard decoction of traditional Chinese medicine was proposed in this study, and it was used as the standard mode of Chinese medicine formula granules to standardize the production process and quality standards of formula granules. The standard was unified according to the principles of "standardization of medicinal materials, standardization of process, intellectualization of production, standardization of quality, normalization of packaging, and informatization of storage"; and consistency evaluation was carried out by the analysis of chemical components, pharmacological activities and clinical efficacy of the standardized decoction and the traditional decoction, interpreting the scientific questions to ensure the stability and uniformity of Chinese medicine formula granule as well as the safety and effectiveness of its clinical application., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

In order to research into the influence of Grain to Green Project in Ziwuling forest region, this paper took three typical plantations which were Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, Pinus tabuliformis plantation, and Platycladus orientalis plantation in the Ziwuling forest region of Shaanxi Province as research objects and analyzed the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of leaf, litter and soil among the three plantations. The results showed that the contents of C, N and P in the three plantations were in order of leaf > litter > soil, the contents of N and P in leaf of R. pseu-doacacia plantation were significantly higher than that of P. tabuliformis plantation and P. orientalis. Leaf N:P was 12.21, 5.36 and 6.09 in R. pseudoacacia plantation, P. tabuliformis plantation and P. orientalis plantation, respectively. It was indicated that the three species were all subject to N deficiency. C:N and C:P showed the trend of litter > leaf > soil, and N:P demonstrated the trend of leaf > litter > soil. There were highly significant positive relationships in C:N between leaf and litter in P. tabuliformis plantation. N and P in the leaf development process of R. pseu-doacacia plantation were proportionally absorbed, and proportionally remained in the litter after N and P resorption. R. pseudoacacia was the better plantation species than P. tabuliformis and P. orientalis in the south fo-rest zone on the Loess Plateau.

Based on the activity data of diverse ammonia sources, the rational estimation method and emission factors were employed, and an anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory was further established to describe the situation of Xi'an in 2013.The results showed that the total anthropogenic ammonia emission reached 47.17×10 3 t in 2013 with an emission intensity of 4.57 t·km -2 ; The livestock breeding and nitrogen fertilizers were the major sources of anthropogenic ammonia emission, which were 20.55×10 3 t and 17.51×10 3 t, respectively, accounting for 80.68% in total; Cow and hog were the major sources, and occupied 75.03% in livestock breeding emission; Lintong District was the heaviest emission area, the total emission was 10.73×10 3 t, which accounted for 23.22%; The emission intensity of Yanliang District reached 14.75 t·km -2 which was considered as the most severe area.

To investigate the effect of turmeric volatile oil (TVO) on the apoptosis and proliferation of human skin SCC A431 cells, A431 cells were incubated with different concentrations (5-80 mg•L⁻¹) of TVO in vitro．The proliferation and cell cycle were assessed by CCK8 assay. The change of morphology was observed with inverted microscope. Apoptosis was evaluated with AO/EB double staining and flow cytometry (FCM); cell cycle was analyzed with FCM ．Western blot method was used to detect caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein expression. Results indicated that TVO has significant inhibitory effects on the growth of A431 cells in a dose dependent relationship, the difference between groups has statistically significant (P<0.05). TVO group compared with control group, concentrations in cells shrivel and broken phenomenon, cell apoptosis rate increased, and a dose dependent and increased the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9. The experiment results suggested that TVO could restrain skin squamous carcinoma A431 cells proliferation, and induce its apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to increase the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituent from the roots of Gentiana straminea., Methods: The constituents were separated by microporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectral methods., Results: Twelve chemical constituents were isolated from the roots of Gentiana straminea and their structures were identified as daucosterol( 1),β-sitosterol( 2),ursolic acid( 3),sweroside( 4),swertiamarin( 5),gentiopicroside( 6),6’-O-acetyl-gentiopicroside( 7),6’-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-sweroside( 8),protocatech uic aldehyde( 9),protocatechuic acid( 10),methyl gallate( 11) and dibutyl phthalate( 12)., Conclusion: The compounds 8,9,10,11 and 12 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

The potted Red globe/Beta grapevines were selected to irrigated with NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4. Hence, the ions which induced leaf etiolation were screened and the impacts of different salt and alkali on ion distribution in different organs of grapevines were investigated. It was found that NaHCO3 exerted the greatest effects on grapevines, leaf etiolation at 14 days after treatment. By contrast, NaCl and NH4Cl treatments induced leaf etiolation at 28 days after treatment. The Na+ content in all the detected organs were significantly increased under NaHCO3 and NaCl treatment, and Na+ content in root under NaHCO3 treatment was 6.4 times as that in control root. NaHCO3 and NaCl treatments significantly decreased K+ content in the organs with the exception of leaf. NaHCO3 treatment significantly decreased K/Na in different organs, which declined to 0.1 in root. By contrast, NaCl treatment significantly decreased K/Na in the detected organs with exception of stem. Besides, the transport of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ to aboveground organs was significantly decreased by NaHCO3 and NaCl treatments. K/Na ratio in the detected organs were decreased under NH4Cl, (NH4) 2SO4 and Na2SO4 treatments, especially under NH4 Cl treatment. Taken together, NaHCO3 was the primary factor resulting in leaf etiolation, followed by NaCl and NH4Cl, while (NH4) 2SO4 and Na2SO4 produced impacts.

Anemarrhena asphodeloides processed by salt and raw product was compared including both chemical composition and laxative function in order to find the possible active substance to cure constipation. Processed and raw Anemarrhenae laxative effect on experimental constipation models was observed as well as chemical composition using UPLC-MS technology and the total sugar content was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method. Processed Anemarrhenae water extract improved excrement more than raw which has significant difference compared with the blank group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the total ion flow spectrum showed no significant difference in most substance, but the total sugar content was significantly higher than raw product. Anemarrhenae ancient be recognized benefitting for draining body water in traditional Chinese medicine which has been lost in modern books because it is manifested as excellent laxative effect not diuretic effect. Saccharides carbohydrate may have closely relationship with this magically effect.

In order to improve adsorbing performance and stability of chitosan in acid simultaneously, cross-linking was employed after the protection of amino groups for improving its stability, then the protection of amino groups was removed and protonated to obtain high adsorption performance. With formaldehyde as amino-group protective agent and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking reagent, cross-linked chitosan (CCTS) was prepared by reversed phase suspension method in this paper, then it was protonated to make protonation modified chitosan adsorbent (P-CCTS). The adsorption performance of sulfate ion onto P-CCTS was firstly studied and investigated by static adsorption test. Elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectrometer of X-rays (EDS) and identifying of functional groups by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the preparation and adsorption of the adsorbent, and the reaction mechanism of cross-linking and adsorption was investigated. The results show that the adsorption performance of P-CCTS towards sulfate ion is 10 times higher than that of unmodified chitosan, and formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde mainly react with amino (-NH2) and part of hydroxy (C6-OH) of chitosn. A salt of chitosan protonated amino chlorine was formed through the process of the protonation of amino, the adsorption of sulfate ion mainly occurs on the protonated amino on which ion exchange happened between chlorine ion and sulfate ion.

Four amino cobalt phthalocyanine is well known as a promising photosensitizer. In order to enrich and complete the theoretical system of structural properties and reactivity, four amino cobalt phthalocyanine was synthesized and its ultraviolet-visible spectrum was obtained by experimental research. Then the experimental spectrum was compared with that obtained from theoretical calculation by quantum chemistry. The experimental results show that there are two obvious absorption peaks at 324.98 and 709.94 nm respectively in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of four amino cobalt phthalocyanine. The density functional B3LYP/3-21G* method was used in simulating ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of four amino cobalt phthalocyanine. The calculation results show that there should be two absorption peaks at 321.41 and 709.92 nm respectively. The simulation results agree well with the experimental values, which demonstrates that the density functional theory is valid and reliable in the theoretical research on four amino cobalt phthalocyanine. The contribution rate of various electron transitions in every absorption peak was determined by quantum computation. The contribution rate of various electron transition in every absorption peak was determined by quantum computation. The absorption peak at 326.22 nm is mainly resulted from electronic transition from 152 to 163 LUMO orbit, the absorption peak at 314.42 nm is due to electronic transition from 149 to 164 LUMO+1 orbit, the absorption peak at 747.57 nm is mainly caused by electronic transition from 162 to 163 LUMO orbit, and the absorption peak at 676. 01 nm is mainly caused by electronic transition from 162 to 164 LUMO+1 orbit. These data provide great theoretical complement to experimental study. The quantum chemical study for four amino cobalt phthalocyanine ultraviolet-visible spectrum has very important theoretical significance for experimental research in the future.

A total of 152 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the barks of Eucommia ulmoides in three regions (Lueyang country, Zunyi country, Cili country). Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of ITS sequences, these strains were identified into 8 genera. Thereinto Phomopsis, Diaporthe and Alternaria were common genera to Eucommia barks from different sites. But the dominant genus was different: Alternaria was the dominant genus in the barks from Cili country, and Phomopsis was the dominant genus from Zunyi country, then Diaporthe was the one from Lueyang country. According to the similarity coefficient, the composition of the endophytic fungi was distinctly different between the barks from three sites. The diversity and species richness in Lueyang country and Cili country were found higher than those in Zunyi country. The evenness of endophytic fungi was 0.936 5 in Lueyang county, which was higher than 0.737 1 or 0.641 0 in Cili county or Zunyi county, respectively. After phylogenic analysis and calculating the genetic distances of typical strains belong to Phomopsis and its perfect stage--Diaporthe, there was very high genetic diversity in the two genera from our study. In conclusion, the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi were significant different in Eucommia barks from the three habitats.

Combining the spectra of cloud-to-ground lightning return obtained by a slit-less spectrograph with the transport theory of air plasma, the electrical conductivity in one discharge channel was calculated with different methods. The results show that the conductivity of the lightning channel core is of the order of 10(4) S m-1; the conductivity goes down with the increase in the channel height in the same channel; the contributions of the collisions between electron and first or second degree ionized atoms, and electron-electron as well as ion-ion collisions to the electrical conductivity of the lightning channel core can not be neglected; the collision integrals method is more reasonable for calculating the conductivity of the lightning channel core. Based on the conductivity, the discharge current was estimated and compared with the peak current of every return stroke, and the results are in the reasonable range, further, the correlation between the channel temperature and the discharge characteristics is discussed, which provides a practical way for this aspect.

Objective: To establish the normal ranges for plasma N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) of middle-aged and elderly ( ≥ 40 years) healthy subjects in China., Methods: A total of 5133 subjects (2170 men and 2963 women) from the cohort of Shanghai Heart Health Study (SHHS) were included in this study. Plasma NT-proBNP was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The reference values (2.5th- 97.5th quartiles) were determined using both empiric and quantile regression methods., Results: Plasma NT-proBNP values were higher in women than in men at all respective age groups (all P < 0.01) , and natural log-transformed NT-proBNP values increased in proportion with age for both genders and there was a lineal correlation between natural log-transformed NT-proBNP values and age (all P < 0.01) . Quantile regression derived normal reference values for NT-proBNP in male were 4.5-86.8 ng/L in the 40-44 years old group, 5.4-108.5 ng/L in the 45-49 years old group, 6.6-135.5 ng/L in the 50-54 years old group, 7.9-169.4 ng/L in the 55-59 years old group, 9.6-211.7 ng/L in the 60-64 years old group, 11.7-264.6 ng/L in the 65-69 years old group, 14.2-330.7 ng/L in the 70-74 years old group, and 18.1-429.2 ng/L in the ≥ 75 years old group. The reference values in female for NT-pro-BNP in respective age group were 8.5-141.8 ng/L, 10.4-166.6 ng/L, 12.8-195.7 ng/L, 15.7-229.9 ng/L, 19.3-270.1 ng/L, 23.7-317.3 ng/L, 29.1-372.8 ng/L, and 35.7-451.9 ng/L., Conclusion: This study preliminarily establishes the normal ranges of plasma NT-proBNP in middle-aged and elderly ( ≥ 40 years) Chinese.

Objective: To construct a p53-fused dual luciferase reporter and to test whether this reporter can mimic wild-type p53 activities in a high-throughput screen., Methods: A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the stop codon of the wild-type full-length p53 open reading frame (ORF) was removed by PCR. A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the start codon of the firefly luciferase ORF was removed by PCR. The two modified ORFs were inserted upstream of the IRES-induced renilla luciferase ORF in a CMV-derived vector. The p53 fusion protein was expressed in cells to test its MDM2-mediated degradation, subcellular localization, and induction of p53-responsive promoter., Results: The p53-fused dual luciferase reporter was successfully constructed. After transfection into the host cells, the reporter expressing the p53 fusion protein that was degraded by oncoprotein MDM2, was mainly located inside the nucleus, and induced the p53-responsive promoter, respectively., Conclusion: The p53-fused dual luciferase reporter (p53FL/IRES/RL) can identify modulators of P53 protein level in a high-throughput screen of genetic or chemical libraries.

Two dissimilar cardanol-based unsaturated resin monomers were prepared via simple ring-opening and etherification reaction by utilizing the reactivity between phenolic hydroxyl and epoxy group with the aid of cardanol as raw material. The transformations of different groups were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) during the synthesis process, the resin monomers' structure was further analyzed using the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the UV curing behaviors of resin monomers were studied by means of FTIR method. In addition, the thermal stability of UV cured resin monomers were also tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The molecular structure analysis demonstrated that these two target products were successfully synthesized. UV curing behaviors analysis showed that the prepared cardanol-based unsaturated resin monomers could reach ultimate curing level within 30 s. TGA results showed that the molecular structure and the content of double bond had critical influence on their thermal stability. The main initial thermal decomposition temperature of these two cured resin monomers was all above 350 degrees C.

Four amino cobalt phthalocyanine is a promising photosensitizer, so the study of its spectrum is of great significance. The density functional B3LYP/3-21G* method was used in optimizing the structure of the four configurations of four amino cobalt phthalocyanine, which can calculate the energy of its most stable structure and infrared spectra in a simulated way. It is concluded that the simulated infrared spectra and the vibration obtained from experiment are in good fitting.

Objective: We explored the composition and diversity of archaea in a cold sulfur spring water in Xinjiang earthquake fault zone., Methods: Environmental total DNA was extracted directly with enzymatic lysis method from a cold sulfur spring water. We constructed clone library of 16S rRNA gene amplified with archaeal-specific primers. A total of 115 positive clones were selected randomly from the library and identified by restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) with enzyme Alu I and Afa I. The unique RFLP patterns corresponded clones were selected for sequencing, BLAS alignment and constructing 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree., Results: In total, 44 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined from the library. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these OTUs were affiliated with Euryarchaeota (94.78%) and Thaumarchaeota (4.35%). Only one Thaumarchaeotal clone was detected and most related to the genus Nitrosopumilus with 93% similarity. Euryarchaeotal clones were abundant and diverse. Of them, 42.61% of clones belonged to RC-V cluster; 13.91% of clones, 20.87% of clones were classified into LDS cluster and Methanomicrobiales respectively; 4.35% of clones had high similarity with ANME-1a-FW, which were involved in Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). In addition, we also detected some (13.05%) unknown Euryarchaotal clones., Conclusion: Euryarchaeota in the environment were diverse, and possibly with a large fraction of potential novel species.