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Objective: To study the feasibility of domestic flow diverter(TFD) for the treatment of unruptured internal carotid artery small- and medium-sized wide-neck aneurysms. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study.The study retrospectively evaluated consecutive 54 patients with unruptured intracranial small- and medium-sized wide-neck aneurysms treated with TFD in the Department of Cerebrovascular Disease,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between October 2019 and January 2024. There were 11 males and 43 females, and the age of patients was (54.9±9.6) years (range:36 to 74 years). There were 63 aneurysms in 54 patients,6 of which were tandem multiple small aneurysms. One case had saccular aneurysms of bilateral internal carotid artery. The maximum diameter of aneurysm was (4.1±0.8) mm (range: 1.5 to 10.0 mm).The ratio of the maximum diameter of the aneurysm to the neck width diameter was 1.3±0.4 (range:0.4 to 2.4). The surgical and follow-up data were collected. The aneurysm embolization rate at the immediate operation and follow-up,and the complications were analyzed. The degree of aneurysm embolization was evaluated using the O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading system,with OKM grade D as complete occlusion and grade C and above (C1,C2,C3 and D) as successful occlusion. Clinical outcomes of all patients were evaluated by modified Rankin scale(mRS). Results: For 63 aneurysms, 48 aneurysms were treated with TFD alone,and 15 aneurysms were treated with a combination of TFD and coiling. The immediate postoperative successful occlusion rate was 14.3% (9/63) and the complete occlusion rate was 3.2% (2/63). Follow-up results were obtained for all of the patients. The follow-up time ( M (IQR)) was 124 (182) days (range: 85 to 754 days). The time to aneurysm successful occlusion was 140.5 (151.5) days (range: 85 to 308 days). At final follow-up,the successful aneurysm occlusion rate was 68.3% (43/63) and the complete occlusion rate was 58.7% (37/63). The complete occlusion rate of the TFD group was 50.0% (24/48) and the TFD+coiling group was 13/15. All patients had no aneurysm rupture,ischemic complications and no recurrence of the aneurysm needed to retreatment during the intraoperative and follow-up period. A total of 3 mild haemorrhagic complications which were related to dual-antiplatelet agents. Twelve patients had asymptomatic mild-moderate stent stenosis. TFD covered 66 branch vessels totally. Only 6 branches were affected by the time of the last follow-up and none of the patients had relevant ischaemic symptoms. All of 54 patients were evaluated as mRS score<2 points at the last follow-up. Conclusion: Using TFD to treat internal carotid artery unruptured small and medium-sized wide-neck aneurysms can simplify the surgical procedure with low complication rate, which is a clinically optional treatment approach.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients'suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective: To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China. Methods: Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust. Results: The M ( Q 1, Q 3 ) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑ 12 PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang ( P <0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [ β (95% CI ): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [ β (95% CI ):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM 10 concentration [ β (95% CI ): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [ β (95% CI ): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m 2 [ β (95% CI ):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [ β (95% CI ):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑ 12 PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion: The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM 10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the implementation of Beijing Smoking Control Regulation in 2015 on the smoking prevalence in people aged ≥15 years in Beijing during 2014-2021, and explore factors associated with tobacco use behavior in local population. Method s Using a pooled cross-sectional design, data from Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey in 2014, 2016, 2019 and 2021 (4 surveys) were combined into one dataset. The 4 surveys used same multistage cluster sampling procedure. After complex survey weighting, multiple logistic regression models were constructed to analyze factors influencing smoking status. Results: A total of 8 484, 9 372, 8 534 and 10 551 respondents were included in the surveys in 2014, 2016, 2019 and 2021, respectively. The smoking prevalence rate was 23.4%, 22.3%, 20.3% and 19.9%, respectively, in Beijing residents aged ≥15 years, exhibiting a linear declining trend ( P =0.010). Factors associated with current smoking in men were age 25-44 years ( OR =2.22, 95% CI : 1.68-2.95) and 45-64 years, ( OR =2.64, 95% CI : 2.06-3.39), educational level of high school ( OR =0.69, 95% CI : 0.49-0.95) and undergraduate and above ( OR =0.46, 95% CI : 0.33-0.63), and awareness of smoking causing stroke ( OR =0.71, 95% CI : 0.61-0.81), and awareness of smoking causing lung cancer ( OR =0.53, 95% CI : 0.42-0.66), the differences were significant (all P <0.05). After controlling interfering factors, the current smoking prevalence in men in 2019 ( OR =0.73, 95% CI : 0.63-0.87, P <0.001) and 2021 ( OR =0.72, 95% CI : 0.61-0.88, P <0.001) were significantly lower than that in 2014. Factors associated with current smoking in women were living alone ( OR =1.80, 95% CI : 1.33-2.44), educational level of undergraduate and above ( OR =0.43, 95% CI : 0.27-0.69), other occupations except doctor and teacher ( OR =8.54, 95% CI : 2.80-26.02) or being retired/unemployed ( OR =9.39, 95% CI : 3.19-27.65), and awareness of smoking causing cardiovascular events ( OR =0.58, 95% CI : 0.39-0.84), and awareness of smoking causing lung cancer ( OR =0.54, 95% CI : 0.35-0.83), the differences were significant (all P <0.05). No significant change in smoking status in women was found in 4 surveys. Conclusions: The smoking prevalence rate in men in Beijing has declined since the implementation of Beijing Smoking Control Regulation 5 years, indicating the effectiveness of legislative approach in tobacco control. Socio-demographic factors and the awareness level of tobacco harm could influence smoking status. Future tobacco control programs should target the people with lower education level, young men, women living alone, and those with occupations other than teachers/doctors or the unemployed/retired and include more comprehensive health education.

Objective: To explore the prospective associations between physical activity and incident ischemic stroke in adults. Methods: Data of China Kadoorie Biobank study in Tongxiang of Zhejiang were used. After excluding participants with cancers, strokes, heart diseases and diabetes at baseline study, a total of 53 916 participants aged 30-79 years were included in the final analysis. The participants were divided into 5 groups according to the quintiles of their physical activity level. Cox proportional hazard regression models was used to calculate the hazard ratios ( HR ) for the analysis on the association between baseline physical activity level and risk for ischemic stroke. Results: The total physical activity level in the participants was (30.63±15.25) metabolic equivalent (MET)-h/d, and it was higher in men [(31.04±15.48) MET-h/d] than that in women [(30.33±15.07) MET-h/d] ( P <0.001). In 595 526 person-years of the follow-up (average 11.4 years), a total of 1 138 men and 1 082 women were newly diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Compared to participants with the lowest physical activity level (<16.17 MET-h/d), after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, and SBP, the HR s for the risk for ischemic stroke in those with moderate low physical activity level (16.17-24.94 MET-h/d), moderate physical activity level (24.95-35.63 MET-h/d), moderate high physical activity level (35.64-43.86 MET-h/d) and the highest physical activity level (≥43.87 MET-h/d) were 0.93 (95% CI : 0.83-1.04), 0.87 (95% CI : 0.76-0.98), 0.82 (95% CI : 0.71-0.95) and 0.76 (95% CI : 0.64-0.89), respectively. Conclusion: Improving physical activity level has an effect on reducing the risk for ischemic stroke.

This study explores the effects and possible mechanisms of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (NRF2) on ovarian granulosa cells, providing a scientific basis to prevent premature ovarian failure. An ovarian cell injury model was constructed by treating human ovarian granulosa cell (KGN cell) with 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (VCD). Firstly, KGN cells were treated with different concentrations of VCD, and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect ovarian cell proliferation. After determining IC 50 by CCK8, the levels of estradiol and progesterone in the cell supernatant were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was used to detect the content of ROS in ovarian cells, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level of NRF2, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of NRF2. Further, NRF2 silence (siNRF2) and overexpression (NRF2-OE) cell models were constructed through lentivirus transfection, and the effects of regulating NRF2 on VCD treated cell models were investigated by detecting hormone levels, oxidative stress indicators (ROS, SOD, GSH-Px), and autophagy (LC3B level). The results showed that VCD intervention inhibited the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner ( F >100, P <0.05), with an IC 50 of 1.2 mmol/L at 24 hours. After VCD treatment, the level of estradiol in the cell supernatant decreased from (56.32±10.18) ng/ml to (24.59±8.75) ng/ml ( t =5.78, P <0.05). Progesterone decreased from (50.25±7.03) ng/ml to (25.13±6.67) ng/ml ( t =6.54, P <0.05). After VCD treatment, the SOD of cells decreased from (44.47±7.71) ng/ml to (30.92±4.97) ng/ml ( t =3.61, P <0.05). GSH-Px decreased from (68.51±10.17) ng/ml to (35.19±6.59) ng/ml ( t =5.73, P <0.05). Simultaneously accompanied by an increase in autophagy and a decrease in NRF2. This study successfully constructed KGN cell models that silenced NRF2 and overexpressed NRF2. Subsequently, this study treated each group of cells with VCD and found that the cell proliferation activity of the siNRF2 group was significantly reduced ( t =8.37, P <0.05), while NRF2-OE could reverse the cell activity damage caused by VCD ( t =3.37, P <0.05). The siNRF2 group had the lowest level of estradiol ( t =5.78, P <0.05), while NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in cellular estradiol levels caused by VCD ( t =5.58, P <0.05). The siNRF2 group had the lowest progesterone levels ( t =3.02, P <0.05), while NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in cellular progesterone levels caused by VCD ( t =2.41, P <0.05). The ROS level in the siNRF2 group was the highest ( t =2.86, P <0.05), NRF2-OE could reverse the increase in ROS caused by VCD ( t =3.14, P <0.05), the SOD enzyme content in the siNRF2 group was the lowest ( t =2.98, P <0.05), and NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in SOD enzyme content caused by VCD ( t =4.72, P <0.05). The GSH-Px enzyme content in the siNRF2 group was the lowest ( t =3.67, P <0.05), and NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in antioxidant enzyme content caused by VCD ( t =2.71, P <0.05). The LC3B level was highest in the siNRF2 group ( t =2.45, P <0.05), and NRF2-OE was able to reverse the LC3B elevation caused by VCD ( t =9.64, P <0.05). In conclusion, NRF2 inhibits ROS induced autophagy, thereby playing a role in reducing ovarian granulosa cell damage, which may be a potential target for premature ovarian failure.

Objective: To quantitatively analyze the risk indicators of re-introduction of imported malaria in China and their weighting coefficients, so as to investigate the difference in the contribution of risk indicators included in the current risk assessment framework for re-introduction of imported malaria in China to the risk assessment of re-introduction of imported malaria., Methods: Publications pertaining to the risk assessment framework for re-introduction of imported malaria in China that reported the risk indicators and their weighting coefficients were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP with terms of "malaria", "re-introduction/re-transmission/re-establishment", "risk assessment/risk evaluation/risk prediction" from the inception of the database through 3 August 2023, and literature search was performed in Google Scholar to ensure the comprehensiveness of the retrieval. Basic characteristics of included studies were extracted using pre-designed information extraction forms by two investigators, and data pertaining to risk indicators of re-introduction of imported malaria were cross-checked by these two investigators. The risk indicators included in the risk assessment framework for re-introduction of imported malaria in China and their weighting coefficients were visualized with the Nightingale's rose diagrams using the software R 4.2.1, and the importance of risk indictors was evaluated with the frequency of risk indicators included in the risk assessment framework and the ranking of weighting coefficients of risk indicators. In addition, the capability of risk indicators screened by different weighting methods was compared by calculating the ratio of the maximum to the minimum of the weighting coefficients of the risk indicators screened by different weighting methods., Results: A total of 2 138 publications were retrieved, and following removal of duplications and screening, a total of 8 publications were included in the final analysis. In these 8 studies, 8 risk assessment frameworks for re-introduction of imported malaria in China and 52 risk indicators of re-introduction of imported malaria were reported, in which number of imported malaria cases ( n = 8) and species of malaria vectors were more frequently included in the risk assessment frameworks ( n = 8), followed by species of imported malaria parasites ( n = 6) and population density of local malaria vectors ( n = 6), and species of local malaria vectors ( n = 6), number of imported malaria cases ( n = 5) and species of imported malaria parasites had the three highest weighting coefficients ( n = 4). The weighting methods included expert scoring method, combination of expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process, and combination of expert scoring method and entropy weight method in these 8 studies, and the ratios of the maximum to the minimum of the weighting coefficients of the risk indicators screened by the expert scoring method were 1.143 to 2.241, while the ratios of the maximum to the minimum of the weighting coefficients of the risk indicators screened by combination of the expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process were 34.970 to 162.000., Conclusions: Number of imported malaria cases, species of imported malaria parasites, species of local malaria vectors and population density of local malaria vectors are core indicators in the current risk assessment framework for re-introduction of imported malaria in China. Combination of the expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process is superior to the expert scoring method alone for weighting the risk indicators.

Objective: To describe the current status and trends in the outcomes and care practices of extremely preterm infants at 22-25 weeks' gestation age from the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) from 2019 to 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the CHNN cohort of very preterm infants. All 963 extremely preterm infants with gestational age between 22-25 weeks who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of the CHNN from 2019 to 2021 were included. Infants admitted after 24 hours of life or transferred to non-CHNN hospitals were excluded. Perinatal care practices, survival rates, incidences of major morbidities, and NICU treatments were described according to different gestational age groups and admission years. Comparison among gestational age groups was conducted using χ 2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Trends by year were evaluated by Cochran-Armitage and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for trend. Results: Of the 963 extremely preterm infants enrolled, 588 extremely preterm infants (61.1%) were male. The gestational age was 25.0 (24.4, 25.6) weeks, with 29 extremely preterm infants (3.0%), 88 extremely preterm infants (9.1%), 264 extremely preterm infants (27.4%), and 582 extremely preterm infants (60.4%) at 22, 23, 24, and 25 weeks of gestation age, respectively. The birth weight was 770 (680, 840) g. From 2019 to 2021, the number of extremely preterm infants increased each year (285, 312, and 366 extremely preterm infants, respectively). Antenatal steroids and magnesium sulfate were administered to 67.7% (615/908) and 51.1% (453/886) mothers of extremely preterm infants. In the delivery room, 20.8% (200/963) and 69.5% (669/963) extremely preterm infants received noninvasive positive end-expiratory pressure support and endotracheal intubation. Delayed cord clamping and cord milking were performed in 19.0% (149/784) and 30.4% (241/794) extremely preterm infants. From 2019 to 2021, there were significant increases in the usage of antenatal steroids, antenatal magnesium sulfate, and delivery room noninvasive positive-end expiratory pressure support (all P <0.05). Overall, 349 extremely preterm infants (36.2%) did not receive complete care, 392 extremely preterm infants (40.7%) received complete care and survived to discharge, and 222 extremely preterm infants (23.1%) received complete care but died in hospital. The survival rates for extremely preterm infants at 22, 23, 24 and 25 weeks of gestation age were 10.3% (3/29), 23.9% (21/88), 33.0% (87/264) and 48.3% (281/582), respectively. From 2019 to 2021, there were no statistically significant trends in complete care, survival, and mortality rates (all P >0.05). Only 11.5% (45/392) extremely preterm infants survived without major morbidities. Moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (67.3% (264/392)) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (61.5% (241/392)) were the most common morbidities among survivors. The incidences of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis were 15.3% (60/392), 5.9% (23/392) and 19.1% (75/392), respectively. Overall, 83.7% (328/392) survivors received invasive ventilation during hospitalization, with a duration of 22 (10, 42) days. The hospital stay for survivors was 97 (86, 116) days. Conclusions: With the increasing number of extremely preterm infants at 22-25 weeks' gestation admitted to CHNN NICU, the survival rate remained low, especially the rate of survival without major morbidities. Further quality improvement initiatives are needed to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based care practices.

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin's team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.

Objective: To investigate the oncological outcomes of active surveillance (AS) in patients showing thyroid nodules measuring≤1 cm with highly suspicious ultrasound features. Methods: A prospective single-center cohort study. A total of 534 patients with highly suspicious thyroid nodules (2015 American Thyroid Association Nodule Sonographic Patterns and Risk of Malignancy: High Suspicion) were enrolled in this study, the patients received AS at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2017 and November 2022 to assess oncological outcomes (disease progression, recurrence/metastasis rate, etc). The patients were followed up every 6 months for physical examination and neck ultrasound examination. And the value of tumor volume changes in evaluating tumor enlargement was explored too. Results: There were 413 females and 121 males in this cohort, with a mean age of (42.6±11.8) years. During a median follow-up period of 45.6 months (ranged from 3.5 to 176.0 months), disease progression occurred in 26 patients (4.9%) with highly suspicious thyroid nodules, characterized by a minimum 3-mm increase in tumor diameter in 19 patients (3.6%) and lymph node metastases in 7 patients (1.3%). Forty-seven (8.8%) patients opted for delayed surgery, with 29 patients due to a change in preference. There was no significant differences in pathologic and follow-up outcomes between patients with disease progression and preference change. Patients aged≤40 years had a higher cumulative incidence of 5-year disease progression than those aged>40 years (4.9% vs 1.9%, P =0.060). No patients experienced distant metastases or deaths. Among the 595 high-risk thyroid nodules with continuous volume assessment results and an increase in nodule diameter of less than 3 mm (including all high-risk nodules in patients with single or multiple nodules), 184 (30.9%) and 79 (13.3%) nodules exhibited volume increases of more than 50% and 100%, respectively, in multiple measurements. Among the nodules with volume changes exceeding 50% and 100%, the proportion of nodules with a baseline tumor diameter of≤0.5 cm was significantly higher than those with a diameter of>0.5 cm, at 69.0% vs 31.0% ( P <0.001) and 77.2% vs 22.8% ( P <0.001), respectively . Conclusions: Active surveillance in patients with highly suspicious subcentimeter thyroid nodules has good short-term oncological outcomes and can be considered a safe alternative to surgery. Due to the large variability in the measurement results of tumor volume, it is not suitable as an indicator for evaluating tumor enlargement .

Objective: To investigate the value of lung protective ventilation strategy (LPVS) guided by driving pressure for preventing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients recovered from COVID-19 and optimize intraoperative respiratory management., Methods: From December, 2022 to February, 2023, a total of 118 patients recovered from COVID-19 within a month (ASA Ⅰ~Ⅲ, aged ≥18 years) undergoing elective non-cardiac surgeries under general anesthesia in our hospital were randomized equally into LPVS group and control group.The patients in LPVS group received a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg with an individualized PEEP guided by minimum driving pressure and lung re-expansion every 30 min, and those in the control group received conventional mechanical ventilation.The incidence of PPCs and hypoxemia and pulmonary ultrasound score of the patients were compared between the two groups., Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between LPVS group and the control group ( P >0.05).Compared with the control group, LPVS group showed significantly lower incidences of PPCs (16.95% vs 35.59%, χ 2 =5.294, P =0.021) and hypoxemia (15.25% vs 30.51%, χ 2 =3.890, P =0.049) with also lower pulmonary ultrasound scores (5.31±1.07 vs 8.32±2.34, t =8.986, P <0.001).The PEEP value, airway pressure and plateau pressure in LPVS group were significantly higher, but the driving pressure and the tidal volume were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: LPVS guided by driving pressure can improve oxygenation and reduce the risk of PPCs in patients recently recovered from COVID-19.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze literature reports and summarize the clinical characteristics of liver failure in patients accompanied with adult hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Methods: The Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, and Ovid databases were searched for relevant literature on liver failure patients accompanied with adult HPS published from January 1980 to May 2022. The final included literature was systematically reviewed after screening. Results: There were a total of 77 liver failure cases accompanied with adult HPS, with an average age of (41.8 ± 12.5) years. The most common clinical manifestations of these cases were persistent high fever, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and severe jaundice. The imaging changes were not specific, and the most common was hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory examination showed a significant increase in serum total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, as well as serum ferritin, while there was a decrease in prothrombin activity, natural killer cell activity, and hemocytopenia of two or more lineages in peripheral blood. Myelogram examination showed hemophagocytosis. Adult HPS secondary to infection was more likely to be accompanied with liver failure (55.8%), with an overall case fatality rate of 84.4%. Conclusion: Patients with liver failure accompanied with adult HPS have an extremely high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to improving the prognosis.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of COVID-19 infection in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma before and after receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and study the influencing factors of severe COVID-19 infection in these patients. Methods: The data of 59 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy at the Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University between December 2017 and February 2023, and who were infected with novel coronavirus between December 2022 and February 2023 were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into light, medium, severe, and critical groups, and the differences between the groups were analyzed using the chi-square test. A univariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the contribution of each variable and its relationship with severe infection. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze the differences between the B-cell aplasia and B-cell recovery (BCR) groups. Results: Of the 59 pre- and post-infusion infections, 39 (66.1%) led to mild COVID-19, 9 (15.3%) resulted in moderate COVID-19, 10 (16.9%) resulted in severe COVID-19, and 1 (1.7%) led to critical COVID-19. Moroever, age greater than 55 years, having received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, progressive disease status, and B-cell aplasia at the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 infection are factors affecting severe infection. Patients with B-cell aplasia had a more severe infection with COVID-19 ( P <0.001), a longer duration ( P =0.015), a longer antiviral therapy course ( P <0.001), and a higher hospitalization rate ( P <0.001) than the BCR group. Conclusion: Active prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection remains a crucial issue requiring urgent attention in managing patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

Objective: To describe the current status and trends in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) among very preterm infants (VPI) admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) from 2019 to 2021, and to compare the differences in PDA treatment among these units. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on the CHNN VPI cohort, all of 22 525 VPI (gestational age<32 weeks) admitted to 79 tertiary NICU within 3 days of age from 2019 to 2021 were included. The overall PDA treatment rates were calculated, as well as the rates of infants with different gestational ages (≤26, 27-28, 29-31 weeks), and pharmacological and surgical treatments were described. PDA was defined as those diagnosed by echocardiography during hospitalization. The PDA treatment rate was defined as the number of VPI who had received medication treatment and (or) surgical ligation of PDA divided by the number of all VPI. Logistic regression was used to investigate the changes in PDA treatment rates over the 3 years and the differences between gestational age groups. A multivariate Logistic regression model was constructed to compute the standardized ratio (SR) of PDA treatment across different units, to compare the rates after adjusting for population characteristics. Results: A total of 22 525 VPI were included in the study, with a gestational age of 30.0 (28.6, 31.0) weeks and birth weight of 1 310 (1 100, 1 540) g; 56.0% (12 615) of them were male. PDA was diagnosed by echocardiography in 49.7% (11 186/22 525) of all VPI, and the overall PDA treatment rate was 16.8% (3 795/22 525). Of 3 762 VPI who received medication treatment, the main first-line medication used was ibuprofen (93.4% (3 515/3 762)) and the postnatal day of first medication treatment was 6 (4, 10) days of age; 59.3% (2 231/3 762) of the VPI had been weaned from invasive respiratory support during the first medication treatment, and 82.2% (3 092/3 762) of the infants received only one course of medication treatment. A total of 143 VPI underwent surgery, which was conducted on 32 (22, 46) days of age. Over the 3 years from 2019 to 2021, there was no significant change in the PDA treatment rate in these VPI ( P =0.650). The PDA treatment rate decreased with increasing gestational age ( P <0.001). The PDA treatment rates for VPI with gestational age ≤26, 27-28, and 29-31 weeks were 39.6% (688/1 737), 25.9% (1 319/5 098), and 11.4% (1 788/15 690), respectively. There were 61 units having a total number of VPI≥100 cases, and their rates of PDA treatment were 0 (0/116)-47.4% (376/793). After adjusting for population characteristics, the range of standardized ratios for PDA treatment in the 61 units was 0 (95% CI 0-0.3) to 3.4 (95% CI 3.1-3.8). Conclusions: From 2019 to 2021, compared to the peers in developed countries, VPI in CHNN NICU had a different PDA treatment rate; specifically, the VPI with small birth gestational age had a lower treatment rate, while the VPI with large birth gestational age had a higher rate. There are significant differences in PDA treatment rates among different units.

Objective: To comprehensively assess the current status of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in very preterm infants (VPI) and its associated factors in Chinese neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Methods: In this cohort study, 6 179 preterm infants born at <32 weeks' gestation were included, who were admitted to 57 hospitals in the China Neonatal Network in 2019 and hospitalized for ≥7 days. EUGR was evaluated by a cross-sectional definition (weight at discharge<10 th percentile for postmenstrual age), a longitudinal definition (decline in weight Z score>1 from birth to discharge), and weight growth velocity. The comparison between infants with and without EUGR was conducted by t -test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ 2 test as appropriate. Multivariable Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between EUGR with different definitions and maternal and neonatal factors, clinical practices, and neonatal morbidities. Results: A total of 6 179 VPI were enrolled in the study, with a gestational age of (29.8±1.5) weeks and birth weight of (1 365±304) g; 56.2% (3 474) of them were male. Among them, 48.4% (2 992 VPI) were cross-sectional EUGR and 74.9% (4 628 VPI) were longitudinal EUGR. Z score of weight was (0.13±0.78) at birth and decrease to (-1.35±0.99) at discharge. The weight growth velocity was 10.13 (8.42, 11.66) g/(kg·d). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that among the influential factors that could be intervened after birth, late attainment of full enteral feeds ( OR adjust =1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, P <0.001; OR adjust =1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, P <0.001), necrotizing enterocolitis≥Ⅱstage ( OR adjust =2.64, 95% CI 1.60-4.35, P <0.001; OR adjust =1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.40, P <0.001) and patent ductus arteriosus ( OR adjust =1.94, 95% CI 1.50-2.51, P <0.001; OR adjust =1.63, 95% CI 1.29-2.06, P <0.001) were all associated with increased risks of both cross-sectional and longitudinal EUGR. In addition, late initiation of enteral feeds ( OR adjust =1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09, P =0.020) and respiratory distress syndrome ( OR adjust =1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.69, P <0.001) were all associated with cross-sectional EUGR. Breast milk feeding ( OR adjust =1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.68, P <0.001) was associated with a higher risk of longitudinal EUGR. Conclusions: The incidence of EUGR in VPI in China is high. Some modifiable risk factors provide priorities to improve postnatal growth for VPI. Nutritional management of VPI and the efforts to decrease the incidence of complications are still the focus of clinical management in China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MMTVT). Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7 patients with MMTVT who treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2010 and October 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were first diagnosed at ( M (IQR)) 49 (23) years old (range: 27 to 64 years old). The main clinical manifestations were scrotal enlargement (7 cases) and hydrocele (2 cases). Results: Three patients underwent radical orchiectomy as initial treatment, 2 cases underwent hydrocelectomy due to diagnosis of hydrocele, followed by radical orchiectomy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, and 2 cases underwent transscrotal orchiectomy. Common tumor markers of testicular cancer were not significantly elevated in MMTVT. The expression of tumor PD-L1 was positive in 2 out of the 3 cases. One patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and 2 patients received first-line chemotherapy after tumor recurrence. Chemotherapy regimens used include cisplatin+pemetrexed. Up to October 2022, 3 cases relapsed, of which 2 cases died. The median overall survival was 35 months (range: 4 to 87 months) and the median progression-free survival was 6 months (range: 2 to 87 months). Conclusions: MMTVT at early stage should be treated with early radical orchiectomy and followed up closely after surgery. The cisplatin+pemetrexed regimen is a common option for the treatment of metastatic MMTVT, while whether immune checkpoint inhibitors could serve as a second-line treatment option deserves further research.

Objective: To explore the rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia, and to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with Hp infection in 14 hospitals in Ningxia region from February 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively selected. Hp strains were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens of Hp-infected patients and subjected to phenotypic drug sensitivity testing and detection of resistance genes to analyze the rate of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia region; and the concordance rate and Kappa concordance test were used to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Results: A total of 1 942 Hp strains were isolated and cultured, and among the infections, 1 069 cases (55.0%) were male and 873 cases (45.0%) were female, aged (50.0±12.5) years (15-86 years). The rates of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia were 42.1% (818/1 942) and 40.1% (779/1 942), respectively, and the rate of dual resistance to both was 22.8% (443/1 942). The rate of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin of Hp strains from female patients was higher than in male patients (levofloxacin: 50.4%(440/873) vs 35.4%(378/1 069); clarithromycin: 44.4%(388/873) vs 36.6%(391/1 069), both P <0.001). Among the GyrA gene mutations associated with levofloxacin resistance, the differences in mutation rate of amino acid at positions 87 and 91 were statistically significant in both drug-resistant and sensitive strains(both P <0.001), except for Asn87Thr. Hp strains were statistically significant for levofloxacin (Kappa=0.834, P <0.001) and clarithromycin (Kappa=0.829, P <0.001) had good concordance in resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Conclusion: The resistance of Hp to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia region is severe, and there is good consistency between genotypic and phenotypic resistance.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bilobated superficial peroneal artery perforator flap in repairing two adjacent wounds of the fingers. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2021 to January 2022, 15 patients with two adjacent wounds of the fingers who met the inclusion criteria were hospitalized in Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, including 10 males and 5 females, aged 25 to 51 years. The area of single wound after debridement was from 2.5 cm×2.0 cm to 7.5 cm×2.5 cm. All the wounds were repaired by the bilobated superficial peroneal artery perforator flap from the lower leg. The single lobe area of bilobated flap was from 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 8.0 cm×3.0 cm. The wounds in all the donor sites were sutured directly. During the operation, the number of resected flaps, the number and type of carried perforators were recorded, and the calibers of perforator and superficial peroneal artery and the length of vascular pedicle were measured. The survival of flap and the wound healing in the donor and recipient sites were recorded after operation. The recovery of donor and recipient sites were recorded during follow-up. At the last follow-up, the repair effect of flap was evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation scale, and the sensory function of flap was evaluated by the sensory function evaluation standard of British Medical Research Association. Results: During the operation, 15 bilobated flaps were successfully resected, carrying 36 superficial peroneal artery perforators, all of which were septocutaneous perforators with the caliber of 0.2-0.8 mm. The caliber of superficial peroneal artery was 0.4-1.1 mm and the length of vascular pedicle was 3-8 cm. After operation, all the flaps survived with no vascular crisis occurred, and the wounds in donor and recipient sites healed well. During the follow-up of 6 to 12 months, the color and texture of flaps were similar to those of normal tissue in the hand and the appearance of flap was good in 10 cases; the other 5 cases underwent the stage Ⅱ flap thinning and plastic surgery 6 months after operation due to the bloated appearance of flaps. There was only linear scar in the donor site of lower leg, with no obvious scar hyperplasia or pigmentation, and there was no obvious adverse effect on the sensation or motor function of the distal limbs in the donor area. At the last follow-up, the repair effect of flap of 15 patients was excellent in 11 cases and good in 4 cases, and the sensory function of the flap was evaluated as grade S 2 in all cases. Conclusions: The bilobated superficial peroneal artery perforator flap has high proportion of septocutaneous perforator, and the blood supply is sufficient and reliable. Using this flap to repair two adjacent wounds of the fingers causes minimal damage to the donor area, only one group of blood vessels is needed to be anastomosed to repair two wounds, the difficulty of microoperation is reduced, and good flap repair effect and sensory function can be obtained.

Objective: To create risk predictive models of healthcare-seeking delay among imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province based on machine learning algorithms, so as to provide insights into early identification of imported malaria cases in Jiangsu Province., Methods: Case investigation, first symptoms and time of initial diagnosis of imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province in 2019 were captured from Infectious Disease Report Information Management System and Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The risk predictive models of healthcare-seeking delay among imported malaria patients were created with the back propagation (BP) neural network model, logistic regression model, random forest model and Bayesian model using thirteen factors as independent variables, including occupation, species of malaria parasite, main clinical manifestations, presence of complications, severity of disease, age, duration of residing abroad, frequency of malaria parasite infections abroad, incubation period, level of institution at initial diagnosis, country of origin, number of individuals travelling with patients and way to go abroad, and time of healthcare-seeking delay as a dependent variable. Logistic regression model was visualized using a nomogram, and the nomogram was evaluated using calibration curves. In addition, the efficiency of the four models for prediction of risk of healthcare-seeking delay among imported malaria patients was evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The importance of each characteristic was quantified and attributed by using SHAP to examine the positive and negative effects of the value of each characteristic on the predictive efficiency., Results: A total of 244 imported malaria patients were enrolled, including 100 cases (40.98%) with the duration from onset of first symptoms to time of initial diagnosis that exceeded 24 hours. Logistic regression analysis identified a history of malaria parasite infection [odds ratio ( OR ) = 3.075, 95% confidential interval ( CI ): (1.597, 5.923)], long incubation period [ OR = 1.010, 95% CI : (1.001, 1.018)] and seeking healthcare in provincial or municipal medical facilities [ OR = 12.550, 95% CI : (1.158, 135.963)] as risk factors for delay in seeking healthcare among imported malaria cases. BP neural network modeling showed that duration of residing abroad, incubation period and age posed great impacts on delay in healthcare-seek among imported malaria patients. Random forest modeling showed that the top five factors with the greatest impact on healthcare-seeking delay included main clinical manifestations, the way to go abroad, incubation period, duration of residing abroad and age among imported malaria patients, and Bayesian modeling revealed that the top five factors affecting healthcare-seeking delay among imported malaria patients included level of institutions at initial diagnosis, age, country of origin, history of malaria parasite infection and individuals travelling with imported malaria patients. ROC curve analysis showed higher overall performance of the BP neural network model and the logistic regression model for prediction of the risk of healthcare-seeking delay among imported malaria patients ( Z = 2.700 to 4.641, all P values < 0.01), with no statistically significant difference in the AUC among four models ( Z = 1.209, P > 0.05). The sensitivity (71.00%) and Youden index (43.92%) of the logistic regression model was higher than those of the BP neural network (63.00% and 36.61%, respectively), and the specificity of the BP neural network model (73.61%) was higher than that of the logistic regression model (72.92%)., Conclusions: Imported malaria cases with long duration of residing abroad, a history of malaria parasite infection, long incubation period, advanced age and seeking healthcare in provincial or municipal medical institutions have a high likelihood of delay in healthcare-seeking in Jiangsu Province. The models created based on the logistic regression and BP neural network show a high efficiency for prediction of the risk of healthcare-seeking among imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province, which may provide insights into health management of imported malaria patients.

Objective: To summarize the morphological characteristics of the transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and explore its clinical significance. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From October 2020 to May 2021, 62 patients with soft tissue injuries in the extremities were hospitalized in Suzhou Ruihua Orthopedic Hospital, including 40 males and 22 females, aged from 20 to 72 years. DSA was performed in the lateral femoral region of patients before the anterolateral thigh flap transplantation, and in combination with imaging scale to observe and measure the general condition of the blood vessels and the occurrence (with the occurrence rate being calculated), source artery, location of the origin point, direction of course, and the location of the perforating point of the cutaneous perforator of the transverse branch of LFCA, and in addition to classify the morphological characteristics of the transverse branch. Results: DSA detection showed that the femoral artery, the deep femoral artery, and the branches of LFCA were clearly distinguishable in 62 patients. Transverse branches of LFCA were observed in 59 patients, including 52 cases with a single transverse branch, and 7 cases with double transverse branches. The occurrence rate of transverse branches was 95.2% (59/62). A total of 66 transverse branches of LFCA were observed, of which 3 originated from the deep femoral artery, and 63 originated from the LFCA. The origin point of the transverse branch was 6.5-12.7 cm away from the anterior superior iliac spine. The transverse branch which was approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the body, originated outwards, ran between the ascending branch of LFCA and the oblique branch of LFCA, and branched along the way, with the trunk running under the greater trochanter. The perforating point of the cutaneous perforator of the transverse branch was 8.0-18.0 cm away from the anterior superior iliac spine. In the classification of morphological characteristics of the transverse branch of LFCA, the most common type was the one that originated from the same trunk with other branches of LFCA, accounting for 50.0% (31/62), followed by the one that originated from the singular trunk of LFCA (12 cases) or deep femoral artery (3 cases), accounting for 24.2% (15/62); the special type accounted for 21.0% (13/62), including 7 cases of double transverse branches and 6 cases of the transverse branch originated from the same trunk with multiple other branches of LFCA; those with small/absent transverse branch only accounted for 4.8% (3/62). Among the above-mentioned common trunk relationship of two branches, those with shared trunk of ascending and transverse branches were most frequently observed, accounting for 77.4% (24/31); those with shared trunks of the transverse and oblique branches (5 cases) and the transverse and descending branches (2 cases) accounted for 22.6% (7/31) altogether. Conclusions: A high incidence rate of the transverse branch of LFCA is observed through DSA. The transverse branch originates from the lateral femoral artery approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the body, mainly from the same trunk with another main branch of LFCA, especially the ascending branch. This positioning analysis can provide an important reference for the design and resection of anterolateral femoral flaps.

Currently, Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG) is still the only admitted vaccine to prevent tuberculosis around the world. The target population is infants and children, but its protective efficacy is limited. As more and more studies have shown that re-vaccination with BCG protects against tuberculosis in adults, BCG can also induce non-specific immunity against other respiratory diseases and some chronic diseases by training immunity, especially the immune effects against COVID-19. At present, the epidemic of COVID-19 has not been effectively contained, and it is worth considering whether BCG vaccine can be used as an intervention to prevent COVID-19. The WHO and China do not have a policy to support BCG revaccination, and as more and more BCG vaccines are discovered, whether selective revaccination can be carried out in some high-risk populations and whether the vaccine can be used more widely have led to intense discussions. This article reviewed the effects of specific immunity and non-specific immunity of BCG on tuberculosis and non-tuberculous diseases.

Objective: To investigate the curative effects of the superficial peroneal artery perforator flap carrying two and more homologous perforators in repairing hand and foot wounds. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January to September 2021, 23 patients with hand and foot wounds combined with bone or tendon exposure who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, including 16 males and 7 females, aged 23 to 68 years. After expansion of the wound, the wound area was 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 11.0 cm×4.0 cm. All the wounds were repaired with the superficial peroneal artery perforator flap carrying two and more homologous perforators. The area of the resected flap was 4.0 cm×2.0 cm to 12.0 cm×5.0 cm. All the wounds in donor areas were sutured directly. During the operation, the resection of the flap, the number and caliber of carried perforators, the caliber of superficial peroneal artery, the length of vascular pedicle, and the number of accompanying veins of the superficial peroneal artery were recorded. The survival of the flap, the occurrence of complications, and the wound healing in the donor area were observed after operation. The recovery of the donor and recipient areas was followed up. At the last follow-up, the comprehensive evaluation scale was used to evaluate the curative effect of flap repair, and the sensory grading scale was used to evaluate the sensory function of the recipient area. Results: Totally 24 flaps were successfully resected in surgical operations, carrying 56 superficial peroneal artery perforators in total, with the caliber of perforators of 0.20-0.70 mm. The calibers of all perforators carried by 7 flaps were smaller than 0.40 mm. Nineteen flaps carried 2 perforators each, 3 flaps carried 3 perforators each, 1 flap carried 4 perforators, and 1 flap carried 5 perforators. During the operation, the superficial peroneal artery was resected with a caliber of 0.40-1.50 mm, the vascular pedicle was 2-6 cm in length, and each superficial peroneal artery had two accompanying veins. After operation, all the flaps survived smoothly, no vascular crisis or distal necrosis occurred, and the wounds healed well in the donor area. During the follow-up of 6 to 10 months after operation, the color, texture, and elasticity of the recipient area were good. Among them, 6 recipient areas were thinned and reshaped because of bloating. There was only linear scar and no obvious scar hyperplasia or pigmentation in the donor area, without significant change in sensory or motor function. At the last follow-up, the curative effect evaluation of flap repair was excellent in 22 flaps and good in 2 flaps, and the sensory function evaluation of the recipient area was grade S 3 in 1 area and grade S 2 in 23 areas. Conclusions: The superficial peroneal artery perforator flap with two and more homologous perforators has sufficient and reliable blood supply and is effective in repairing hand and foot wounds. It provides an ideal solution for the clinical problem in which the original operation scheme is abandoned due to the existence of only multiple slender perforators of caliber smaller than 0.40 mm, and only a single perforator in the operative field that cannot satisfy the needs of the flap blood supply and recipient area.

Objective: To assess the effect of jejunal feeding tube placement on early complications of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in patients with incomplete pyloric obstruction by gastric cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Perioperative clinical data of 151 patients with gastric antrum cancer complicated by incomplete pyloric obstruction who had undergone laparoscopic distal radical gastrectomy from May 2020 to May 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were collected. Intraoperative jejunal feeding tubes had been inserted in 69 patients (nutrition tube group) and not in the remaining 82 patients (conventional group). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P >0.05). The operating time, intraoperative bleeding, time to first intake of solid food, time to passing first flatus, time to drainage tube removal, and postoperative hospital stay, and early postoperative complications (occurded within 30 days after surgery) were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients in both groups completed the surgery successfully and there were no deaths in the perioperative period. The operative time was longer in the nutritional tube group than in the conventional group [(209.2±4.7) minutes vs. (188.5±5.7) minutes, t =2.737, P =0.007], whereas the time to first postoperative intake of food [(2.7±0.1) days vs. (4.1±0.4) days, t =3.535, P <0.001], time to passing first flatus [(2.3±0.1) days vs. (2.8±0.1) days, t =3.999, P <0.001], time to drainage tube removal [(6.3±0.2) days vs. (6.9±0.2) days, t =2.123, P =0.035], and postoperative hospital stay [(7.8±0.2) days vs. (9.7±0.5) days, t =3.282, P =0.001] were shorter in the nutritional tube group than in the conventional group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative bleeding [(101.1±9.0) mL vs. (111.4±8.7) mL, t =0.826, P =0.410]. The overall incidence of short-term postoperative complications was 16.6% (25/151). Postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P >0.05). Conclusion: It is safe and feasible to insert a jejunal feeding tube in patients with incomplete outlet obstruction by gastric antrum cancer during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Such tubes confer some advantages in postoperative recovery.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and the risk factors of fungal sepsis in 25 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) among preterm infants in China, and to provide a basis for preventive strategies of fungal sepsis. Methods: This was a second-analysis of the data from the "reduction of infection in neonatal intensive care units using the evidence-based practice for improving quality" study. The current status of fungal sepsis of the 24 731 preterm infants with the gestational age of <34 +0 weeks, who were admitted to 25 participating NICU within 7 days of birth between May 2015 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. These preterm infants were divided into the fungal sepsis group and the without fungal sepsis group according to whether they developed fungal sepsis to analyze the incidences and the microbiology of fungal sepsis. Chi-square test was used to compare the incidences of fungal sepsis in preterm infants with different gestational ages and birth weights and in different NICU. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to study the outcomes of preterm infants with fungal sepsis, which were further compared with those of preterm infants without fungal sepsis. The 144 preterm infants in the fungal sepsis group were matched with 288 preterm infants in the non-fungal sepsis group by propensity score-matched method. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of fungal sepsis. Results: In all, 166 (0.7%) of the 24 731 preterm infants developed fungal sepsis, with the gestational age of (29.7±2.0) weeks and the birth weight of (1 300±293) g. The incidence of fungal sepsis increased with decreasing gestational age and birth weight (both P <0.001). The preterm infants with gestational age of <32 weeks accounted for 87.3% (145/166). The incidence of fungal sepsis was 1.0% (117/11 438) in very preterm infants and 2.0% (28/1 401) in extremely preterm infants, and was 1.3% (103/8 060) in very low birth weight infants and 1.7% (21/1 211) in extremely low birth weight infants, respectively. There was no fungal sepsis in 3 NICU, and the incidences in the other 22 NICU ranged from 0.7% (10/1 397) to 2.9% (21/724), with significant statistical difference ( P <0.001). The pathogens were mainly Candida (150/166, 90.4%), including 59 cases of Candida albicans and 91 cases of non-Candida albicans , of which Candida parapsilosis was the most common (41 cases). Fungal sepsis was independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.22, P= 0.030) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (adjusted OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.12-5.80, P= 0.025). Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure (adjusted OR= 2.50, 95% CI 1.50-4.17, P< 0.001), prolonged use of central line (adjusted OR= 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.08, P< 0.001) and previous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) duration (adjusted OR= 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, P< 0.001) were all independently associated with increasing risk of fungal sepsis. Conclusions: Candida albicans are the main pathogens of fungal sepsis among preterm infants in Chinese NICU. Preterm infants with fungal sepsis are at increased risk of moderate to severe BPD and severe ROP. Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure, prolonged use of central line and prolonged duration of TPN will increase the risk of fungal sepsis. Ongoing initiatives are needed to reduce fungal sepsis based on these risk factors.Candida parapsilosis are the main pathogens of fungal sepsis among preterm infants in Chinese NICU. Preterm infants with fungal sepsis are at increased risk of moderate to severe BPD and severe ROP. Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure, prolonged use of central line and prolonged duration of TPN will increase the risk of fungal sepsis. Ongoing initiatives are needed to reduce fungal sepsis based on these risk factors.

Objective: To report the incidence and time distribution of early transient intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after penetrating canaloplasty. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Data of patients treated by penetrating canaloplasty for glaucoma in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2015 to March 2020 were collected. Early transient IOP elevation was defined as an increase of IOP to over 21 mmHg on the first week to the third month after surgery followed by a decrease to 21 mmHg or less within 3 months. Main outcome measures included IOP, quantity of medication use, the occurrence time and duration of IOP elevation. Generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis, and measurement data with non-normal distribution was represented as M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ). Results: A total of 277 patients (315 eyes) achieved 360-degree catheterization of the canal successfully, and 299 eyes (94.9%) completed the postoperative 6-month follow-up. Thirty-four eyes (10.8%) had persistently high IOP, so the surgical treatment failed in them. Consequently, 234 patients (265 eyes) were enrolled in the analyses, including 161 males (184 eyes) and 73 females (81 eyes). The median age was 42 (26, 54) years, the mean preoperative IOP was (37.7 ± 11.1) mmHg, and the mean number of drugs used was 3 (2, 4). The incidence of early transient IOP elevation was 43.0% (114/265) in all enrolled eyes, 42.7% (35/82) in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma, 37.8% (17/45) in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma, 27.7% (13/47) in eyes with congenital glaucoma and 53.8% (49/91) in eyes with secondary glaucoma. The IOP began to increase on the first to fourth week in 91.2% (104/114) of eyes with early transient IOP elevation and reached the peak [21.3 mmHg to 54.8 mmHg; mean, (32.4±8.2) mmHg] in 88.6% (101/114) on the first to fifth week after surgery. The IOP elevation lasted for no more than 4 weeks in 69.3% (79/114) of eyes. Conclusions: Over 40.0% of patients with penetrating canaloplasty may experience postoperative transient IOP elevation. The incidence is relatively high in secondary glaucoma but low in congenital glaucoma. Most of the elevations and peak IOP occur within 1-4 weeks after surgery.

Objective: To summarize the management and short-term outcomes of neonates delivered by mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 158 neonates born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant admitted to the isolation ward of Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March 15 th , 2022 to May 30 th , 2022. The postnatal infection control measures for these neonates, and their clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes were analyzed. They were divided into maternal symptomatic group and maternal asymptomatic group according to whether their mothers had SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. The clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups using Rank sum test and Chi-square test. Results: All neonates were under strict infection control measures at birth and after birth. Of the 158 neonates, 75 (47.5%) were male. The gestational age was (38 +3 ±1 +3 ) weeks and the birth weight was (3 201±463)g. Of the neonates included, ten were preterm (6.3%) and the minimum gestational age was 30 +1 weeks. Six neonates (3.8%) had respiratory difficulty and 4 of them were premature and required mechanical ventilation. All 158 neonates were tested negative for SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid by daily nasal swabs for the first 7 days. A total of 156 mothers (2 cases of twin pregnancy) infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, the time from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to delivery was 7 (3, 12) days. Among them, 88 cases (56.4%) showed clinical symptoms, but none needed intensive care treatment. The peripheral white blood cell count of the neonates in maternal symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in maternal symptomatic group (23.0 (18.7, 28.0) × 10 9 vs. 19.6 (15.4, 36.6) × 10 9 /L, Z =2.44, P< 0.05). Conclusions: Neonates of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant during third trimester have benign short-term outcomes, without intrauterine infection through vertical transmission. Strict infection control measures at birth and after birth can effectively protect these neonates from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of the neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron outbreak in Shanghai 2022. Methods: In this retrospective case series study, all the 16 neonates with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection who were admitted to the neonatal unit in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from March 1 st to May 31 st , 2022 were enrolled. Their epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, nucleic acid cycle threshold (Ct) value and outcomes were analyzed. Based on maternal vaccination, they were divided into vaccinated group and unvaccinated group. Rank sum test and Chi-square test were used for the comparison between the groups. Results: Among the 16 neonates, 10 were male, and 6 were female. All the infants were full-term. The infection was confirmed at the age of 12.5 (8.0, 20.5) days. All the neonates had a history of exposure to infected family members, and thus horizontal transmission was the primary mode. Four infants were asymptomatic, 12 were symptomatic, and there were no severe or critical cases. The most common clinical manifestation was fever (11 cases), with the highest temperature of 38.1 (37.9, 38.3) ℃ and a course of 1-5 days. Other clinical manifestations included nasal obstruction (3 cases), runny nose (2 cases), cough (2 cases), poor feeding (2 cases), vomiting (1 case), and mild tachypnea (1 case). The complete blood counts of all neonates were within the normal range, and the C-reactive protein increased slightly in 1 infant. Chest imaging was performed in 2 infants, showing mild focal exudative changes. Nucleic acid turned negative (Ct value ≥35) within 7-15 days after diagnosis. All neonates fully recovered after supportive treatment, and the length of hospitalization was 13 (10, 14) days. In the telephone follow-up 2 weeks after discharge for all 16 cases, no infant showed reoccurrence of clinical manifestations or nucleic acid reactivation. Maternal vaccination was not significantly correlated with symptomatic infection or the persistence of positive nucleic acid result in neonates (all P >0.05). Conclusions: Horizontal transmission is the primary mode for neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Neonatal infections are usually mild or asymptomatic, with good short-term outcomes. And their clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations are nonspecific.

Objectives: To examine the landscape and metastases of the lymph nodes in prostatic anterior fat pad (PAFP) at radical prostatectomy (RP), and to describe the clinical characteristic of the patients with lymph node metastases in PAFP. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 287 prostate cancer patients underwent RP from December 2019 to August 2021 in Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male, aging (66±7) years (range: 42 to 83 years). The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ( M (IQR)) were 16.00(29.64) μg/L (range: 0.01 to 99.90 μg/L). There were 244 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer and 43 patients with metastatic prostate cancer. All PAFP were dissected at RP routinely and were sent for pathologic analysis respectively. The PAFP was dissected from the prostate apex caudally toward the bladder neck and dissection extended to the joint of the prostate and the endopelvic fascia bilaterally. All the specimen of PAFP were examined and reported by subspecialty pathologists of genitourinary tumors. Statistical analysis was performed by Student t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, χ 2 test or Fisher exact test. Results: There were 8.0% (23/287) patients with lymph nodes in PAFP, 3.8% (11/287) patients with PAFP lymph node metastases. Pathologically upstaged occurred in 1 patient due to the PAFP lymph node as the solitary metastatic lesion. Patients with lymph node metastases in PAFP presented higher preoperative PSA ( M (IQR): 48.2(73.0) μg/L vs . 15.4(26.5) μg/L, Z =3.158, P =0.002), clinical T stage and N stage ( Z =2.977, P =0.003; Z =2.780, P =0.005) and preoperative Gleason score ( Z =2.205, P =0.027). Conclusions: Routine dissection of PAFP at RP and separately pathological analysis may allow more lymph nodes and lymph node metastases detection. More accurate pathological N stage may be acquired and consequently may improve the survival of patients by offering more appropriate adjuvant or salvage therapy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of indirubin for relieving joint inflammation and injury in a rat model of osteoarthritis., Methods: Articular cartilage chondrocytes were isolated from adult rat knee joint and cultured in the presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 μmol/L indirubin. The cells were transfected with NPAS2 siRNA or a non-specific siRNA, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using tetramethylthiazole blue staining and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, ACAN, COL2A1, MMP-13 and NPAS2 were detected with Western blotting, and the levels of NO, PGE2 and TNF-α in the culture supernatant were determined with ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of NPAS2, ACAN, COL2A1 and MMP-13 were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR. In a C57BL/6 mouse model of osteoarthritis, the effect of indirubin on BAX, Bcl-2, ACAN and MMP-13 protein expressions in the bone and joint tissues were evaluated with Western blotting., Results: Treatment with 0.1 μmol/L indirubin produced no significant changes in chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, or BAX and Bcl-2 protein expressions. At higher doses (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μmol/L), indirubin significantly promoted cell proliferation, increased Bcl-2 protein expression, and lowered cell apoptosis rate, caspase-3 activity and Bax protein expression ( P < 0.05). Indirubin treatment at 0.5 μmol/L up-regulated the protein and mRNA expressions of NPAS2, ACAN and COL2A1, and down-regulated the expressions of MMP-13, NO, PGE2 and TNF-α ( P < 0.05). Interference of NPAS2 expression significantly attenuated the protective effect of 0.5 μmol/L indirubin against IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. The mouse model of osteoarthritis showed obviously increased protein levels of BAX and MMP-13 ( P < 0.01) and decreased levels of Bcl-2 ( P < 0.05) and ACAN ( P < 0.01) in the knee joint, and indirubin treatment of the mouse models significantly inhibited the increase of BAX and MMP-13 protein expressions ( P < 0.01) and up-regulated the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and ACAN ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Indirubin has a protective effect on osteoarthritis tissue and alleviates inflammation and damage of osteoarthritis chondrocytes possibly through NPAS2.

Mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) were detected in an autosomal dominant Marfan syndrome (MFS) pedigree. The related phenotypes and the significance of mutation screening were discussed. Complete medical and cardiovascular examinations for all pedigree members were performed. Whole exons sequencing (WES) was used to sequence the DNA of the patients and their relatives. The potential pathogenic mutation sites were screened by bioinformatics method. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the mutation sites in the pedigree. The results showed that FBN1 missense mutation was c.6806 T>C in exon 56, resulting in isoleucine being replaced by threonine (p. Ile2269Thr). This mutation has not been reported in Chinese Han population. The occurrence of the mutations strongly correlated with the phenotypes of the patients. The results expand the mutation spectrum of FBN1, and it is helpful to further explore the molecular pathogenesis of MFS and MFS related diseases.

Objective: To explore the association between self-reported gingival bleeding and prevalent hypertension among adults in Zhejiang with a cross-sectional study. Methods: After excluding participants with self-reported, physician-diagnosed heart diseases, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and those who never or rarely brush their teeth at baseline study, 48 625 participants aged 30-79 in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang, Zhejiang were included for the final analysis. Three multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios ( OR s) for the associations of self-reported gingival bleeding with prevalent hypertension. Results: The mean age of women was (51.2±9.2) years, and 42.9% of participants had prevalent hypertension. The percentage of self-reported frequent gingival bleeding was 6.56% (95% CI : 6.38% - 6.75%), significantly higher among women (8.08%, 95% CI : 7.82% - 8.35%) than among men (4.36%, 95% CI : 4.12% - 4.60%) ( P <0.001). After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, behavioral lifestyle, sleep duration, BMI, waist circumference, snoring, in comparison with men whose gingivae never or rarely bleed while brushing teeth, the odds ratio (95% CI ) of hypertension for those with occasional, and frequent gingival bleeding were 1.04 (0.96 - 1.12) and 1.18 (1.02 - 1.37), respectively (trend P =0.038). The corresponding figures for women were 0.96 (0.91 - 1.02) and 0.95 (0.86 - 1.05), respectively (trend P =0.344). Conclusion: Frequent gingival bleeding was positively associated with prevalent hypertension among men.

Objective: To analyze the significance of HBV DNA below the lower detection limit of HBV RNA levels after long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis. Methods: 97 cases with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis treated with NAs antiviral therapy for at least 3 years between May 2018 to July 2019 were selected. High-sensitivity HBV DNA (<20 IU/ml), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV RNA at least twice every 6 months were detected. According to Child-Pugh classification, HBeAg, HBsAg level, and HBV RNA level intergroup comparison was performed. Rank sum test, χ 2 test and linear regression analysis were performed on the data. Results: Compared with the HBV RNA level of child-Pugh class A patients, the HBV RNA level of Child-Pugh class B+C patients were significantly higher [4.1 (0,4.9) log 10 copies/ml and 2.0 (0,3.5) log 10 copies/ml], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z =2.370, P <0.05). According to different HBeAg levels, they were divided into HBeAg positive and negative group, and the quantitative comparison of HBV RNA levels between the two groups were 2.0 (0, 4.5) log 10 copies/ml and 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) log 10 copies/ml, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z =3.233, P <0.05). According to different HBsAg levels, they were divided into three groups: HBsAg≤100 IU/ml, 10010 , 2.0 (0,4.6) log 10, and 2.2 (2.0, 4.7) log 10 copies/ml, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( H =11.265, P <0.05). Gender, age, ALT, AST, GGT, HBsAg, and HBeAg were included for linear regression analysis, and the HBsAg and AST levels were correlated with HBV RNA quantification ( P <0.05). Adverse events occurrence during 1-year follow-up were recorded. 19 (31.7%) out of 60 cases had adverse events with detectable HBV RNA, and 3 (8.1%) out of 37 cases had adverse events with undetectable HBV RNA, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2 =7.24, P <0.05). Conclusion: HBV RNA can still be detected after HBV DNA falls below the detection limit in patients with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis treated with long-term NAs antiviral therapy. HBV RNA quantification level is higher in patients with Child Pugh class B and C. Patients with detectable HBV RNA has higher proportion of adverse events, and AST and HBsAg levels may be correlated with serum HBV RNA.

Objective: To explore the effect of the combination of posterior circulation embolization and micro-resection on the risk and prognosis in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) supplied by posterior circulation in a one-stop hybrid operation setting. Methods: Patients with bAVMs supplied by posterior circulation who received surgical treatment in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2019 from a prospective, multicentral cohort (NCT03209804). The patients were divided into the posterior circulation embolization group and the non-posterior circulation embolization group. Propensity score matching (PSM) (1∶1) was performed according to the baseline information, the morphology of bAVMs, vascular architecture, and Spetzler-Martin grade of brain lesions. The primary endpoint was the deterioration of neurological function. The secondary endpoints were perioperative complications. The differences in surgical risk and clinical prognosis between the two groups were compared. Results: Five hundred and forty-five patients were enrolled in the cohort, and 38.3% met the included criteria ( n =209 cases), with 42 cases in the posterior circulation embolization group and 167 cases in the non-posterior circulation embolization group. Depending on whether the patients were posterior circulation embolized, 39 patients in the posterior circulation embolization group and 39 patients in the non-posterior circulation embolization group were finally included after performing PSM. There were 50 males and 28 females, aged 5-58 (30±13) years. The exacerbation rate of neurological dysfunction in the posterior circulation embolization group was higher than that in the non-posterior circulation embolization group three months after surgery, however there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups [15.4% (6/39) vs 2.6% (1/39), P =0.107]. The intraoperative blood loss in the embolization group was significantly less than that in the non-embolization group [650 (500, 1 500) ml vs 1 200 (800, 2 000) ml, P =0.002]. There was no significant difference in microsurgery time between the two groups [437 (374, 521) min vs 424 (359, 601) min, P =0.865]. Likewise, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications and aggravation of neurological dysfunction, including postoperative bAVMs residual [5.1%(2/39) vs 7.7%(3/39), P =1.000], hemorrhagic complications [5.1%(2/39) vs 0(0), P =0.494], postoperative ischemic complications [10.3%(4/39) vs 5.1%(2/39), P =0.675], neurological dysfunction at discharge (17.9% vs 15.4%, P =0.755), and one-year neurological dysfunction [5.1%(2/39) vs 2.6%(1/39), P =1.000]. Conclusions: Posterior circulation embolization of bAVMs in a one-stop hybrid operation can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding and surgical risk. Embolization of the feeding artery has no significant impact on the perioperative complications and neurological outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and its risk factors in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU)., Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical and follow-up data of 650 patients with DFU treated in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Nanfang Hospital between January, 2017 and December, 2019. We compared the data between patients who had LEAD and those without LEAD and used a multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of LEAD in DFU patients., Results: Among the 650 DFU patients, 470 (72.4%) had LEAD. The patients were followed up for a mean of 3.5 months, and the mean healing time of DFU was 2.55 months; healing of DFU occurred in 453 patients and 183 patients received amputation. The patients with LEAD and those without LEAD differed significantly in age, hospitalization costs, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin, blood lipid levels, disease course, ankle brachial index, healing time, smoking history, clinical outcomes, Wagner grade and imaging results ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.070, 95% CI : 1.049-1.091), smoking history (OR= 2.013, 95% CI : 1.268-3.195), and a decreased DBP (OR=0.980, 95% CI : 0.963-0.997) as independent risk factors for LEAD in DFU patients. A prolonged healing time was a prominent clinical feature of DFU complicated by LEAD., Conclusion: DFU patients have a high incidence of LEAD, which leads to high rates of disability and mortality and is associated with an advanced age, high smoking rate and longer healing time. A decreased DBP is also a risk factor for LEAD in DFU patients.

Objective: To investigate the influence of chronic masseter hyperalgesia induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) and experimental occlusal interference (EOI) on underlying mechanism in hippocampus of ovariectomized (OVX) rats., Methods: In the study, 32 OVX rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 rats/group): The control group was OVX group, and 0 μg/d E2 (vehicle) injection was started 7 d after OVX without EOI; in the experimental group (1) OVX + E2 group, 80 μg/d E2 injection was started 7 d after OVX without EOI; in the experimental group (2) OVX + EOI group, vehicle injection was started 7 d after OVX and EOI was applied 17 d after OVX; in the experimental group (3) OVX + E2 + EOI group, 80 μg/d E2 injection was started 7 d after OVX and EOI was applied 17 d after OVX. Bilateral masseter muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds were measured before OVX, 7 days after OVX (before E2 injection), 17 days after OVX (10 days after E2 injection and before EOI) and 24 days after OVX (7 days after EOI). Immunofluorescence staining was used to reveal phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2)-positive neurons in CA3 of hippocampus. The protein expression of p-ERK1/2 in hippocampus was detected using Western Blot., Results: Compared with the control group [left side: (135.3±8.5) g, right side: (135.4±10.8) g], bilateral masseter muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds of OVX+E2 group [left side: (113.3±5.6) g, right side: (112.5 ± 5.6) g] and OVX+EOI group [left side: (93.3±5.4) g, right side: 90.8±5.5) g] were decreased ( P < 0.01). Bilateral masseter muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds were significantly lower in OVX+E2+EOI group [left side: (81.2±6.2) g, right side: 79.8±7.7) g] than in the control, OVX+E2 and OVX+EOI groups ( P < 0.05). The proportion of p-ERK1/2 positive neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was increased in the control, OVX+E2, OVX+EOI and OVX+E2+EOI groups in turn, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). p-ERK1/2 protein expression was increased in the control, OVX+E2 and OVX+EOI groups in turn, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). p-ERK1/2 expression was significantly higher in OVX+E2+EOI group than in the other three groups ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: High concentration of E2 could exacerbated EOI-induced chronic masseter hyperalgesia in ovariectomized rats, and its central mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hippocampus.

Objective: To describe the use of non-erythrocyte blood products transfusion in very preterm and extremely preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) in 2019, to explore the disparity between different centers, and to further investigate the rationality and standardability of non-erythrocyte blood products transfusion. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on the CHNN cohort of very preterm and extremely preterm infants. All 6 598 infants with gestational age (GA)<32 weeks and admitted to the 57 NICU of CHNN within 24 h of life in 2019 were enrolled. Non-erythrocyte blood products included platelet, plasma, albumin, immunoglobulin, cryoprecipitate and prothrombin complex. Infants who received at least one type of non-erythrocyte blood products were defined in transfusion group. The comparison between infants with and without transfusion was done by t -test, rank-sum test or χ 2 test as appropriate. Linear regression model was used to generate adjusted transfusion rate of each center, and to investigate the correlation between adjusted rate and center-level characteristics. Results: A total of 6 598 infants were enrolled in the study, with gestational age of 30.0 (28.7, 31.0) weeks and birth weight of (1 353±312) g, and 43.6 % (2 877) of them were female. Among them, 42.7% (2 816) infants were enrolled in transfusion group, with the times of transfusion as 3 (1, 6) times. Compared to the infants without any transfusion of non-erythrocyte blood products, those infants received transfusion had lower gestational age ( Z =17.62, P< 0.01), lower birth weight ( t =18.64, P <0.01), higher proportion of small-for-gestation age (χ 2 =31.06, P< 0.01), multiple birth (χ²=12.82, P <0.01) and intensive resuscitation in delivery room (χ²=287.52, P< 0.01), as well as lower proportion of females (χ²=10.68, P <0.01) and even lower proportion of infants born in this hospital (χ²=78.23, P <0.01). Among the entire study population, albumin (25.4%, 1 674 cases), immunoglobulin (21.5%, 1 417 cases) and plasma (18.9%, 1 245 cases) were the most commonly used non-erythrocyte blood products. Overall, 60.4% (544/901) infants with gestational age <28 weeks received transfusion 4 (2, 8) times. A total of 39.9% (2 272/5 697) infants between 28-31weeks received non-erythrocyte blood products 3 (1, 6) times. The non-erythrocyte blood products transfusion rates of critically-ill and non-critically-ill infants were 62.2% (1 693/2 723) and 29.0% (1 123/3 875) respectively, and the transfusion times were 4 (2,7) and 2 (1,4) times. The transfusion rates varied significantly among different NICU, and the disparities remained obvious after adjustment (adjusted χ²=153.48, P <0.01). Conclusion: Near half of very preterm and extremely preterm infants admitted to Chinese NICU in 2019 receive non-erythrocyte blood products during hospitalization with significant disparities among different hospitals.

Objective: To investigate the effects of (+)-catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on alcoholic fatty liver in mice models. Methods: Alcohol and high-fat diet were used to construct the model of alcoholic fatty liver disease, and treated the model with (+)-catechin and EGCG. The effects of (+)-catechin and EGCG were analyzed by detecting the contents of TG, TC, MDA, SOD, ALT and AST in serum and pathological changes of liver. Results: (+)-catechin and EGCG could effectively reduce the contents of TG, TC, MDA, ALT and AST, increase the content of SOD in serum of mice with alcoholic fatty liver disease, improve the degree of liver cell edema and reduce the formation of lipid droplets. Conclusion: (+)-catechin and EGCG could repair liver injury and regulate lipid metabolism of hepatocytes in alcoholic fatty liver disease mice models.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of gonadal neoplastic related lesions in children with disorders of sexual development (DsD). Methods: The clinical manifestations, chromosomal karyotype, histology and immunophenotype of 12 cases of neoplastic related lesions from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou were analyzed during Jan 2015 to May 2020. Results: Twelve cases of neoplastic related lesions were screened in 205 cases of DsD, and 6 patients with gonadal germ cell neoplasia aged 3-13 years with an average age of 8.3 years. There were 2 males and 4 females. Clinical features showed malformation of external genitalia in 2 cases, short stature in 2 cases, clitoral enlargement in 1 case, lower abdominal pain and a huge pelvic mass in 1 case. Chromosomal karyotyping of peripheral blood showed 2 cases of 46XY and 4 cases of 45X/46XY. Fourteen gonadal specimens were examined. Microscopically, 1 case showed dysgerminoma in left ovary, and malignant mixed germ cell tumors in right ovary, as well as gonadoblastoma (GB) and undifferentiated gonadal tissue (UGT). The remaining 5 cases were all precursor lesions of germ cell tumor. Six specimens showed GB, 3 of UGT, and 3 specimens showed germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), one of which was accompanied by intratubular seminoma and 1 was GB with GCNIS. The other 6 patients with DsD were aged from 8 months to 2 years and 5 months, including 5 males and 1 females. Clinical manifestations showed 5 cases of hypospadias and 1 case of bilateral indirect inguinal hernia. Microscopically, 6 cases showed maturation delay of gonocytes in seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemically, the primordial germ cells/gonocytes expressed OCT3/4, PLAP and c-KIT in the 12 cases. Conclusion: Gonadal neoplasia in children with DsD is mainly precursor lesions of germ cell tumor and improved understanding of these lesions is of great significance.

Objective: To establish a standard method to evaluate the scanning accuracy of intraoral scanner (IOS) and to investigate six IOS's scanning accuracy and the relationship between different scan span. Methods: Five simplified six abutments full arch model were fabricated by high accuracy (5 μm) milling machine with 7075 aluminum alloy. The machining accuracy, which was verified by a coordinate measuring machine with higher accuracy (0.7 μm), was considered as the reference accuracy. The model with the highest machining accuracy was considered as the test model in IOS's scanning accuracy test, and computer-aided design (CAD) data of the model was used as the reference data. Six IOS scanned the test model 10 times with the same scanning path, obtained 60 test data. CAD data and test data were input into Geomagic Studio 2014. The preparation part above the margin of the abutments of the data was isolated and divided into 4 segments of interest: single crown, three-unit bridge, five-unit bridge, and full arch. The test data were then best-fit aligned to CAD data or each other followed by deviation analysis. Scanning trueness and precision were then calculated. Results: The mid-value of scanning trueness and precision of six IOS in single crown, three-unit bridge, five-unit bridge and full arch were 13.3-29.6 μm and 7.6-20.7 μm, 15.4-30.9 μm and 8.7-26.5 μm, 17.0-66.1 μm and 11.3-44.2 μm, 24.0-107.9 μm and 24.6-150.1 μm respectively. Conclusions: Long-span scanning can affect the accuracy of IOS to a varying extent.

Objective: To explore the genetic etiologies of newborn deaths. Methods: A total of 98 newborns who were recruited to the Neonatal Genome Project of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University and died in the hospital from January 2018 to August 2020 were enrolled in this study. The genetic information and the interventions based on the genetic findings were retrospectively analyzed. T- test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi square test and Fisher's exact probability test were used to compare the demographic features and clinical characteristics between the patients with or without a genetic finding. Results: Among 98 newborns (55 males and 43 females), there were 63 preterm and 35 term infants, with a gestational age of (33±5) weeks, a birth weight of (2 107±975) g and the age at death of 12 (2,34) days. Sixteen (16%)patients were identified with genetic variants, including 11 with single nucleotide variants, 4 with copy number variants and 1 with both single nucleotide variant and copy number variant. The detected single nucleotide variants were spanning 12 genes, among which 3 were multiple disorders-related, 2 metabolic disorder-related, 2 hematological disorder-related, 2 respiratory disorder-related, 2 cardiovascular disorder-related and 1 skeletal disorder-related. The patients with a positive genetic finding had significant differences in the birth weight ((2 605±940) vs. (2 009±957) g, t= 2.283, P= 0.025), the gestational age ((36±5) vs. (33±5) weeks, t= 2.131, P= 0.036), the age at death ((37 (5, 69) vs. 11 (2, 29) days, Ζ= -2.245, P= 0.025) and the history of asphyxia at birth (1/16 vs. 46% (38/82), P= 0.002)when compared to those without a genetic finding. In addition, the genetic etiology rates of patients who were born term or with a birth weight ≥ 2 000 g were significantly higher than those who were born preterm (29% (10/35) vs. 10% (6/63), P= 0.022) or with a birth weight<2 000 g (25% (13/51) vs. 7% (3/46), χ 2 =5.016, P= 0.025), respectively. Six cases were medically actionable based on the genetic findings and the treatments included special diet, applying specific medicine, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and lung transplantation. Conclusions: Genetic etiologies are not rare in newborn deaths and mainly associated with metabolic disorder, multi-system disorders, hematological disorder, respiratory disorder, cardiovascular disorder and skeletal disorder. Some findings are medically actionable, based on which the specific treatments could be scheduled timely. A genetic etiology should be investigated in newborn deaths especially in those who are term birth or with a birth weight ≥2 000 g or without a history of asphyxia at birth.

Objective: To investigate the expression of ENTPD5 in epithelial ovarian cancer and explore its clinical implications., Objective: The expression level of ENTPD5 in epithelial ovarian cancer was analyzed based on data from Oncomine and TCGA databases. The relationship between the expression level of ENTPD5 and clinical characteristics of the patients was analyzed using UALCAN database. Gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the possible role of ENTPD5 in the occurrence and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. CIBERSORT package was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of ENTPD5 and immune infiltration. The expression patterns of ENTPD5 were verified in 23 epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and 15 normal ovarian tissues using RT-qPCR and Western blotting; the expression of ENTPD5 protein was also detected immunohistochemically in 50 paraffin-embedded samples of epithelial ovarian cancer and 6 normal ovarian tissues., Objective: Analysis of Oncomine and TCGA databases showed that the expression of ENTPD5 was significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues than in normal ovarian tissues ( P < 0.05), and its expression level was negatively correlated with the survival rate of the patients ( P < 0.05). Data from UALCAN database showed that the expression level of ENTPD5 was related with the age of patients. The results of GSEA suggested that ENTPD5 was involved in ABC transporter, WNT signaling pathway and insulin signaling, and the expression of ENTPD5 was negatively correlated with the contents of NK cells, mast cells and eosinophils ( P < 0.05). In clinical samples of epithelial ovarian cancer tissues, the expression of ENTPD5 was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissues at both the mRNA ( P < 0.01) and protein ( P < 0.05) levels. The paraffinembedded samples also showed significantly higher expressions of ENTPD5 in epithelial ovarian cancer than in normal ovarian tissues ( P < 0.05)., Objective: ENTPD5 is highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer, which may promote the occurrence and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer by participating in multiple functional processes and cellular immune infiltration.

Objective: To explore the underlying genetic causes of neonatal encephalopathy complicated with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: From the neonates recruited to the Neonatal Genome Project of Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2016 and January 2019, 113 neonates with neonatal encephalopathy and acute peripartum or intrapartum event or Apgar score ≤7 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data, laboratory results, the findings of electroencephalograph and magnetic resonance imaging or head ultrasound, and the genetic information were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 133 neonates with neonatal encephalopathy and acute peripartum or intrapartum event or Apgar score ≤7 scores, 77 (57.9%) were males, 56 (42.1%) were female, 56 (42.1%) were delivered via cesarean section, and 77(57.9%) were born by vaginal delivery. Among these cases, 68 (51.1%) were diagnosed of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 25 (18.8%) had intracranial hemorrhage, 20 (15%) were related to genetic diseases, and 5 (3.8%) had sepsis without central nervous infection. A total of 20 cases with positive results by next-generation sequencing test were identified, including 19 cases with pathogenic variations and 1 case with variation of uncertain significance. These 20 cases included 4 cases with congenital myopathy (2 cases of MTM1 gene pathogenic variants, 1 case of ACTA1 and 1 case of RYR1 gene pathogenic variants), 4 cases with genetic syndrome (2 cases of CHD7 gene pathogenic variants, 1 case of PTN11 gene pathogenic variant, and 1 case of NSDHL gene pathogenic variant), 3 cases with metabolic disorders (1 case of OTC gene pathogenic variant, 1 case of MTHFR gene pathogenic variant, and 1 case of ALDH7A1 gene pathogenic variant), 2 cases with epileptic encephalopathy (1 case of KCNT1 and 1 case of PACS2 gene pathogenic variants), 1 case with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (PHOX2B gene pathogenic variant) and 6 cases with copy-number pathogenic variations. Among these 20 cases, 8(40.0%) neonates were presented with persistent hypotonia, 7(35.0%) neonates with seizures, and 5(25.0%) neonates with congenital malformation. Genetic counseling and further follow-up were performed or suggested for these 20 cases; 4 neonates were deceased, 10 neonates underwent palliative care, and 6 neonates were improved after supportive care and their further follow-up plan were performed in clinics. Conclusions: Genetic diseases are not rare in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy complicated with perinatal hypoxia event. The common causes in these neonates include congenital myopathy, metabolic disorders, genetic syndrome, and epilepsy encephalopathy.