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ObjectiveTo investigate the trends and significant determinants of delayed HIV diagnosis （DHD） among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Xuhui District， Shanghai between 2018 and 2022.MethodsIn the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases， patients died within one year without accident， HIV/AIDS cases with CD4 cell count

ObjectiveTo investigate the latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） of close contacts in schools of Xuhui District， and to explore the tuberculin skin test （TST）- interferon-γ release assay （IGRA） two-step method in order to discover the screening strategy of tuberculosis in Xuhui District.MethodsClose contacts of tuberculosis in schools of Xuhui District from 2020 to 2022 were selected as research subjects. Screening was conducted using symptom questionnaire， TST， chest X-rays， IGRA， and the information including the etiological results and grade of the index cases， as well as gender， age， and relationship with the index cases of the research subjects were collected.ResultsTotally 615 close contacts of 32 tuberculosis cases occurred in the schools were finally included. Of the 609 close contacts who completed tuberculosis infection screening and underwent TST testing， 153 TST（+） individuals underwent IGRA testing. The final LTBI rate was 4.6%， and the pulmonary tuberculosis detection rate was 163 per 100 000. The relationship with the index cases was an influencing factor for LTBI. The IGRA positivity rate was higher among close contacts with TST ≥15 mm than among those with 10 mm≤ TST

ObjectiveTo study the sexually transmitted infections （STIs） in pregnant women with non-local household registration in Xuhui District and analyze the risk factors for STIs.MethodsFrom April 2020 to March 2022， pregnant women with non-local household registration who received their first prenatal examination in a general hospital in Shanghai Xuhui District were selected to conduct a status survey of STIs. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of bacterial vaginitis and ureaplasma uaplasma infection.ResultsThe top three infection rates in the pregnant women were Ureaplasma urealyticum （13.2%）， bacterial vaginosis （9.8%） and mycotic vaginitis （4.7%）. Age between 25 and 35 years （aOR=0.53，95%CI： 0.28‒0.98） and monthly income ≥8 000 yuan （aOR=0.30，95%CI： 0.11‒0.82） were significantly correlated with ureaplasma uaplasma infection. Pregnancy number of 2 （aOR=4.95， 95%CI： 1.59‒15.46）， first sexual relationship occurred before marriage （aOR=2.83， 95%CI： 1.04‒7.74）， husband's alcoholism （aOR=3.83， 95%CI： 1.08‒13.56）， high school education （aOR=0.27， 95%CI： 0.08‒0.93）， and husband's travel history （aOR=0.30， 95%CI： 0.12‒0.79） were significantly correlated with bacterial vaginitis.ConclusionPregnant women with more gestation times， first sexual intercourse before marriage and husband with heavy drinking are more likely to be infected with bacterial vaginosis. Pregnant women with younger age and lower income are more likely to be infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum. Follow-up and monitoring should be strengthened in these groups.

Objective: To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in decidua tissue of patients with unexplained spontaneous abortion and their correlation. Methods: The expressions of TLR4, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in decidua tissues of 32 patients with unexplained spontaneous abortion (abortion group) and 32 normal pregnancy (control group) were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. The correlation between TLR4 and p-ERK1/2 in abortion group were analyzed by Pearson hierarchical correlation analysis. Results: In immunohistochemical experiments, the cytoplasm of decidua cells in the two groups is the expression locus of TLR4, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2, the expression of the three proteins were different, and the expressions of TLR4 and p-ERK1/2 in abortion group were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in ERK1/2 expression between abortion group and control group (P> 0.05 ); In decidua tissue samples of abortion group, the protein level of TLR4 was higher than that of control group (P<0.05) ; the protein level of p-ERK1/2 was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the protein level of ERK1/2 in decidua tissue of abortion group was not statistically different from that of control group (P>0.05). TLR4 was positively correlated with p-ERK1/2 expression in abortion group (r=0.890, P<0.01). Conclusion: Abnormal activation of TLR4/ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms of unexplained spontaneous abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI), and to identify the risk factors in close contacts of pulmonary TB patients among non-resident population in Shanghai., Methods: The study subjects were the close contacts of pulmonary TB patients among non-resident populations in Xuhui, Minhang and Songjiang Districts in Shanghai from 2013 to 2014.Questionnaire interview was applied to collect the socio-demographics, TB-related clinical and TB exposure information from the enrolled TB patients and their close contacts. The T-SPOT.TB test was used to identify the infection of M. TB. LTBI was defined as a positive T-SPOT.TB result inthe absence of signs and symptoms related to TB., Results: In total, 182 pulmonary TB patients and 360 close contacts were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the close contacts was (34±14) years(range, 2-83 years), including 160 men and 200 women. The T-SPOT.TB test and TB related examination revealed that 17.2% (62/360) of the close contacts were latently infected with M. TB. All the LTBI subjects were household contacts (χ(2)=16.814, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, the risk of LTBI was statistically associated with the presence of TB symptoms of the index case (OR=2.696, 95%CI: 1.060-6.857) and duration of exposure (OR=1.007, 95%CI: 1.001-1.014); whereas there were no statistically significant associations among age, gender, diagnostic delay of index case, environment of contact place and the risk of LTBI among the studied close contacts., Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI in close contacts of pulmonary TB patients among non-resident population in Shanghai is 17.2%.Contact with patients with TB symptoms and longer duration of exposure might increase the risk of LTBI.