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Objective: To study the differences in cognitive function between patients with laryngeal carcinoma and healthy volunteers. Method: Patients with laryngeal carcinoma who have been first diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma, but not received treatment at the Department of Otolaryngology in two hospitals in Shanxi Province and healthy volunteers of the same age, gender-matched and similar education were studied for the purpose to evaluate the cognitive status by using the Wechsler memory scale. Result: No significant difference of age, gender and educational level was found between both groups（ P >0.05）.The score of Memory Quotient was significantly lower in the laryngeal carcinoma group than that in healthy control group ( P <0.05). There were significant differences in the results of Wechsler memory scale except for Experience, Orientation and Association test ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The memory, attention and computing power of patients in the laryngeal carcinoma group were not as good as those of patients in the healthy control group. Patients with laryngeal carcinoma have cognitive impairment or lower ability , so we need to pay more attention to the patients during their rehabilitation. The early detection of cancer-related cognitive impairments can help patients improve their cognitive function early, reduce the burden on their families and society, and promote better return of patients to society.