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The coupling between solar wind and the magnetosphere and the dynamic processes in geo-space are the basic driving factors of space weather. Understanding these processes on the system level is essential to the studies of space physics and space weather. Recent solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) X-ray emission discoveries provide a novel approach to detect the large-scale magnetosphere through soft X-ray imaging. SWCX occurs when high-charge heavy ions such as C6+, N7+, O7+, and O8+ in the solar wind interact with neutral atoms or molecules, such as neutral hydrogen atoms in near-Earth space, neutral hydrogen and helium atoms in the heliosphere, and H2O and CO2 molecules on comets and other planets. Solar wind ions become excited by receiving one or more electrons, and then return to the ground state by releasing one or more photons in the soft X-ray band. The characteristics of the SWCX emissions include the X-ray spectrum showing line emissions corresponding to different species of solar wind particles and neutrons, and fast time variations closely related to solar wind variations. The SWCX soft X-ray emission of the Earth's magnetosphere mainly occurs in the magnetosheath on the dayside and the cusp regions. Therefore, the magnetosphere can be remotely imaged using large-scale soft X-ray imaging technology, allowing the fundamental modes of the interaction between the solar wind and magnetosphere to be recognized on a systematic scale.In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) jointly proposed the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE). SMILE was approved in 2016 and implemented thereafter. SMILE aims to provide remote sensing measurements of the magnetopause and bow shock around the subsolar region, part of the cusp regions, and the aurora, as well as simultaneous in situ observations of the solar wind plasma and magnetic field. SMILE is planned to be launched in 2024–2025. Other missions have also been proposed to image the Earth's magnetosphere, such as the GEOspace X-ray imager (GEO-X) in Japan, Lunar Environment heliospherics X-ray Imager (LEXI) in the United States, and Lunar-based soft X-ray imager (LSXI) in China.With the advent of soft X-ray imaging missions to detect the magnetopause, evaluating the expected soft X-ray images and developing appropriate techniques to extract 3-dimentional boundary information from the 2-dimentional images is essential. Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and instrument simulations are used to generate expected X-ray images under different solar wind conditions with different viewing geometries. Based on these images, several approaches have been developed to analyze the signals, composing the 'arsenal' or 'toolkit' for magnetopause reconstruction. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, applicable to different situations.This paper introduces the mechanism of magnetospheric X-ray emission, reviews the research on the observational evidence and characteristics of SWCX X-ray emissions, summarizes the progress of simulation studies, presents the missions (or concept) of the magnetospheric X-ray detection, and discusses the possibility of future implementation of X-ray imaging for detecting other planets.

To explore the hydraulic coupling characteristics of rocks, triaxial compression tests on water-saturated sandstone under hydro-mechanical coupling were carried out using the MTS815 rock mechanics test system. The test confining pressures were 10, 20, 30 MPa. Under each confining pressure, according to the ratio of pore water pressure to confining pressure, the pore water pressure was set to seven levels, which are 0, 10%、20%、40%、60%、80% and 90%. Then, the influence of the confining pressure and pore water pressure on the mechanical parameters such as the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the sandstone was analyzed. The energy evolution characteristics of sandstone under hydro-mechanical coupling were discussed in terms of energy curves, characteristic energy parameters and energy change ratios. Finally, the variation patterns of peak and residual strength were analyzed and the applicability of the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria under hydro-mechanical coupling was discussed based on the effective stresses. The results show that: ① the peak strength, residual strength, and elastic modulus of water-saturated sandstone increase with the increase of confining pressure, and decrease with increasing pore water pressure. Poisson’s ratio decreases as the confining pressure increases and increases as the pore water pressure increases. ② Under hydro-mechanical coupling, sandstone mainly undergoes shear failure, and as the pore water pressure increases, hydraulic fracturing is significant and its damage becomes more intense. ③ Combined with the test data of the sandstone and the published literatures, the normalized strength attenuation equation of rock peak strength and residual strength under hydro-mechanical coupling is obtained with the ratio of pore water pressure to confining pressure as the characteristic parameter. The strength attenuation coefficient of rock residual strength is greater than that of peak strength. ④ The trend of energy evolution curves of sandstone is consistent, and its energy storage limitation, peak dissipated energy density and residual elastic energy density are positively correlated with confining pressure, and negatively correlated with pore water pressure. ⑤ The evolution law of peak strength and residual strength of rock under hydro-mechanical coupling are in accordance with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and Hoek-Brown criterion. The effective internal friction angles corresponding to peak and residual rock strengths are less different, while the effective cohesion and Hoek-Brown criterion parameters corresponding to the peak strength are much greater than those corresponding to the residual strength.

[Introduction] The research aims to establish a new forecasting methodology to study the future electricity consumption features in Shenzhen based on the correction of traditional power demand forecasting methods. The new methodology could reflect the influence of the recently issued policies, such as the "carbon peak and neutrality" and "construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics." [Method] For electricity consumption forecast, a "top-down" forecasting method guided by carbon intensity control and considering social electrification level was proposed, and "bottom-up" forecasting was made using the improved multi-sectoral method and new load correction method to validate the forecasting results. For load characteristics forecasting, the impact of demand side management and peak shaving means was fully considered. [Result] Through quantitative analysis of the energy supply and consumption mix adjustment under key impact factors, including "carbon peak and neutrality," new infrastructure, industrial structure adjustment and transfer under "construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics," the total electricity consumption in Shenzhen during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and in the middle to long term, as well the development trend of the future peak load and load characteristics in Shenzhen were forecasted. [Conclusion] The proposed forecasting methodology provides new idea for other regions in power demand forecast under new policies, and the results provide an important reference for guiding Shenzhen's subsequent power source and grid planning, dispatch and operation, etc.

In order to study the spontaneous dynamic fracture behavior of transparent laminated glass under explosion loading, peridynamics(PD) was introduced to simulate the dynamic responses of crack initiation, propagation, bifurcation, coalescence, and arrest. The 3D discontinuous Galerkin algorithm was used for glass parts, and the finite element algorithm was used for adhesive layer PVB part and frame part. The contact algorithm was used to realize the coupling of the two parts. Finally, the crack propagation law of laminated glass was studied systematically by greatly changing TNT equivalent, blast distance, the thickness of PVB adhesive layer, and the thickness of inner and outer glass. The simulation results show that: 1) Compared with the explosion experiment, PD can simulate the fracture failure behaviour and crack propagation of laminated glass greatly; 2) Under the same conditions, different explosion distance, explosive equivalent, and thickness of PVB adhesive layer have significant effects on the dynamic response of laminated glass structure; 3) By comparing the maximum deflections of outer glass under different charge levels, it is found that the PD method has a good agreement with the experimental method and the element deletion method, and the error range of PD method is lower than that of the element deletion method; 4) In PD method, the energy absorption rate of outer glass is much higher than that of inner glass and PVB layer, and the thickness distribution of inner and outer glass also has a great influence on energy absorption rate. The results of PD method and element deletion method are in good agreement.

The dysfunction of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized with"comorbidity of tendons with bones, coexistence of arthralgia and flaccidity, mixture of asthenia with sthenia, imbalance between dynamic and static statuses, and disorder between hardness and softness".In the early, middle and late stages of the disease, the related functional disorders have their own emphasis on the specific manifestations of"muscles and bones, arthralgia and flaccidity, asthenia and sthenia, dynamic and static, hardness and softness", so the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)rehabilitation treatment of KOA should also be applied according to syndrome differentiation by stages. This article explains the principles and ideas of TCM rehabilitation for KOA dysfunction from five aspects:"the coordination of muscles and bones, equal emphasis on arthralgia and flaccidity, consideration of both asthenia and sthenia, combination of dynamic and static, and combination of hardness and softness". The coordination of muscles and bones refers to the basic pathogenesis characteristics of dysfunction caused by KOA, starting from the disease position, and adopting corresponding rehabilitation treatments to achieve the purpose of strengthening the muscles and bones. Equal emphasis on arthralgia and flaccidity, consideration of both asthenia and sthenia are aimed at the the basic performance characteristics of KOA dysfunction, starting from the the nature of the disease and adopting the corresponding rehabilitation therapy to achieve the purpose of eliminating arthralgia and flaccidity, regulating asthenia and sthenia. Combination of dynamic and static aims at the important factors that cause the repeated and aggravated condition of KOA, starting from the cause of the disease and adopting the corresponding rehabilitation therapy to achieve the purpose of balancing dynamic and static. Combination of hardness and softness aims at the important characteristics of KOA dysfunction, starting from the condition and cause of the disease, adopting the corresponding rehabilitation therapy to achieve the purpose of strengthening the bones and muscles. The analysis aims to further improve the theory of TCM rehabilitation of KOA and provide certain references for its clinical rehabilitation.

Inertial guidance system plays a very important role in guided artillery. Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope, as the core component of inertial guidance system, has high resistance to overload and restricts the application of inertial guidance system in high overload environment directly. First of all, the high overload environment in the gun chamber is modeled and quantified, and the mechanism of high overload failure of the MEMS gyro structure is summarized. Secondly, based on the previous public research results from different institutes at home and abroad, the anti-high overload MEMS gyroscopes with different monitoring methods, different structural forms, different structural materials and different working principles are introduced from the perspective of anti-overload characteristics of MEMS gyroscopes impact resistance. Finally, the related reports and papers are summarized, and it is pointed out that the anti-high overload MEMS gyroscope should be designed from the aspects of drive-detection mode, reasonable structure of energy-absorbing and energy-dissipating structure, working principle, new structural material and multi-level system buffer methods to improve the anti-high overload ablility.

Objective:To study on the mechanism of Jingui Shenqi pill treatment of kidney-yang deficiency from the angle of differential protein.Methods:We established the model of kidney-yang deficiency rats, set up the normal group, the kidney-yang deficiency group and the traditional Chinese medicine group (Jingui Shenqi pill group). We used two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to show the proteomic maps of femoral cortical bone, compared the differential protein spots between the groups, analyzed and identified them by mass spectrometry.Results:There were 480 discernible proteins points in each 2-DE gel map. Compared with the normal group, the kidney-yang deficiency group had 16 differentially expressed proteins. After treatment with Jingui Shenqi pill, in the kidney-yang deficiency model rats, the up-regulated expression of Apoa1, Hspd1 and the down-regulated expression of Tpm3, Arhgdib, Colla1 and Sri were back-adjusted.Conclusion:Jingui Shenqi pill in the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency is related to adjust the protein expression of femoral cortical bone in rats. Those proteins involve Apoa1, Hspd1, Tpm3, Arhgdib, Colla1 and Sri.

Objective In 2019, A Chinese medical research team constructed a transgenic rhesus monkey model of human MCPH1, which is necessary to understand the cognition and behavior tendency of researchers on this new type of ethical issues. Methods The research group developed a questionnaire containing demographic information and ethical situational questions. The respondents were medical researchers who applied for the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2019. The data obtained are analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results Overall, 70.9% of respondents (n=11 164) believed that there were ethical challenges when use the genetically modified monkeys who carrying human genes for medical research; The most prominent ethical issues were “unacceptable risk-benefit ratio” (49.1%) and “harm to rhesus monkeys” (33.7%); 31.1% of them believed that the study could be carried out when improvement from the ethics committee of their institution was availabl. Conclusions Medical researchers are cautious about such genetically modified monkeys. The 3R principle shouldbe strictly implemented in the medical research of transgenic monkeys, and the study of human-rhesus monkey chimerism should follow ethical norms and be strictly reviewed.

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the role of phages in controlling harmful microorganisms in foods. Due to their host specificity, phages are considered as an ideal tool to guarantee food safety. However, there are a series of limitations to the application of phages, so there have been few cases of the application of phages in the food industry. In this context, this paper discusses the frontier and hot issues in the application of phages in food safety, with a focus on the acceptability of the application of phages in the food industry, the potential risk of drug resistance transmission, the problem of phage resistance of bacteria, and the influence of complex food matrices on the effect of phages. Moreover, scientific and reasonable suggestions on the application of phages in the food industry are put forward. We hope that this review will promote the shift from basic research on phages to their application in the food industry.

With the rapid development of related technologies in the field of natural language processing, as an upstream task of natural language processing, improving the accuracy of named entity recognition is of great significance for subsequent text processing tasks. However, due to the differences between Chinese and English languages, it is difficult to transfer the research results of English named entity recognition into Chinese research effectively. Therefore, the key issues in the current research of Chinese named entity recognition are analyzed from the following four aspects: Firstly, the development of named entity recognition is taken as the main clue, the advantages and disadvantages, common methods and research results of each stage are comprehensively discussed. Secondly, the Chinese text preprocessing methods are summarized from the perspective of sequence annotation, evaluation index, Chinese word segmentation methods and datasets. Then, aiming at the Chinese character and word feature fusion method, the current research is summarized from the perspective of character fusion and word fusion, and the optimization direction of the current Chinese named entity recognition model is discussed. Finally, the practical applications of Chinese named entity recognition in various fields are analyzed. This paper discusses the current research on Chinese named entity recognition, aiming to help researchers understand the research direction and significance of this task more comprehensively, so as to provide a certain reference for proposing new methods and new improvements.

To solve the difficulty of attack detection caused by the 0day vulnerability, a prediction method of 0day attack path based on cyber defense knowledge graph was proposed. The cyber defense knowledge graph was constructed to refine the discrete security data such as threat, vulnerability and asset into the complete and high-related knowledge format by extracting concepts and entities related to network attack from cyber security ontology research finds and databases. Based on the knowledge integrated by the knowledge graph, assumed and restricted the unknown attributes such as the existence, availability and harmfulness of 0day vulnerabilities, and model the concept of "attack" as a relationship between attacker entities and device entities in the knowledge graph to transform the attack prediction to the link prediction of knowledge graph. According to this, apply path ranking algorithm was applied to mine the potential 0day attack in the target system and construct the 0day attack graph. Predicted the 0day attack path by utilizing the scores output by classifiers as the occurrence probabilities of single step attack and computing the occurrence probabilities of different attack paths. The experimental result shows that with the help of complete knowledge system provided by knowledge graph, the proposed method can reduce the dependence of prediction analysis on expert model and overcome the bad influence of 0day vulnerability to improve the accuracy of 0day attack prediction. And utilizing the characteristic that path ranking algorithm reasons based on the structure of graph can also help to backtrack the reasons of predicting results so as to improve the explainability of predicting.

The existing threat analysis models failed to comprehensively analyze the propagation of advanced security threats integrating the threat development trend and propagation path. In order to solve the problem, a two-layer threat analysis model named TL-TAM was established. The upper layer of the model depicted the threat development trend. The lower layer depicted the threat propagation path considering social engineering and networks can. Based on the model, prediction algorithm of threat development was proposed. The experimental result shows that the model can comprehensively analyze the threat propagation at multiple levels, overcome the defect that the threat analysis model based on attack graph is limited to technical vulnerability attack, and is more suitable for dynamic tracking analysis of advanced security threats.