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In order to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in roasted peanuts, six phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 4-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid) were employed to impregnate raw peanuts before roasting, and the effects of the type and concentration of impregnation solutions on AGEs and HAAs formation during peanut roasting were studied in this work. The results showed that gallic acid and chlorogenic acid could significantly inhibit the formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) with an inhibition rate in the range of 14.7%–24.4% and 13.0%–22.7%, respectively. However, the other four phenolic acids had no inhibitory effect (P > 0.05). What’s more, the inhibitory effects of gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were concentration dependent. Three HAAs including 2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (DMIP), 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were detected in roasted peanuts. All six phenolic acids could inhibit the formation of DMIP significantly (P 0.05). Ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid had a strong inhibition effect on the formation of 3 HAAs, but there was no obvious concentration dependence.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of Hsa_circ_0026352 and the clinical characteristics of breast cancer(BC) patients, to evaluate the value of Hsa_circ_0026352 as a diagnostic marker of breast cancer. Methods Human circRNA microarray was used to screen the different expression of circRNAs in BC tissues. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of Hsa_circ_0026352 in BC tissue and peripheral blood. CircRNA structure were performed by circPrimer1.2 software. T-test, ANOVA analysis, curve regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed to determine the diagnostic values of Hsa_circ_0026352. Results Hsa_circ_0026352 was significantly down-regulated in both breast cancer tissues and peripheral blood (P < 0.01). The AUC of Hsa_circ_0026352 were 0.881 in tissues and 0.826 in peripheral blood (both P < 0.01). The relative expression of Hsa_circ_0026352 in peripheral blood of BC cancer patients was negatively correlated with CA153 level (P < 0.05). The AUC of Hsa_circ_0026352 in peripheral blood of patients with ER positive, early stage breast cancer and breast neoplasm metastasis were 0.710, 0.771 and 0.722 (all P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0026352 could be a novel predictive biomarker for diagnosis of BC.

Because of the widely applications of robots,the labor productivity is greatly enhanced and the working environment is improved. The kinematics analysis of manipulator is a basis for achieving accurate motion control. The kinematics of a kind of 6- DOF collapsible manipulator is studied,the forward and inverse kinematics within the scope of joint angles is obtained according to the geometric characteristics of robot,by using the MATLAB,the verification of kinematics simulation is carried out.

To achieve accurate and highly sensitive determination of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in baked food, a magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) technique based on magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) material was established to achieve the selective and efficient enrichment of two major AGEs (i. e. Nε-carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL)) in baked foods. The quantitative analysis of CML and CEL was conducted with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Results showed that the synthesized magnetic COFs material showed big specific surface area and strong magnetism, which was suitable for MSPE. The optimum conditions of MSPE were as follows: the amount of adsorbent was 20 mg, the time of vortex extraction was 20 min, the elution solvent was 5% ammonia/methanol solution, the volume of elution solvent was 4 mL, the elution time was 15 min. The limits of detection of CML and CEL for the established method were 2.05 ng/mL and 2.31 ng/mL, respectively, while the limits of quantification were 6.83 ng/mL and 7.71 ng/mL, respectively. And intra-day and inter-day precisions were good (RSDintra-day ≤ 4.74%, RSDinter-day ≤ 5.38%). The recoveries of CML and CEL in typical food matrixes (i. e. biscuits and nuts) were in the range of 90.70% ~ 108.74% and 85.50% ~ 113.00%, respectively. Applying the analytical method established in this article to the determination of CML and CEL contents in 26 commercially available baked goods, it was found that the contents of CML and CEL in biscuits and pastries were in the range of (9.60 ± 0.16) ~ (78.10 ± 1.12) mg/kg, and (4.37 ± 0.23) ~ (26.70 ± 1.27) mg/kg, respectively; while the contents of CML and CEL in nuts were in the range of (6.49 ± 0.13) ~ (82.00 ± 0.98) mg/kg, and (6.65 ± 0.30) ~ (55.90 ± 0.67) mg/kg, respectively. The established method could effectively purify samples and significantly reduce matrix effect, and thus showed high accuracy for quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the synthesized magnetic COFs material could be recycled for 5 times, which was suitable for the determination of CML and CEL in baked food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How Tibetan red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichii) acclimates to high altitude environment during the withered grass period is one of the challenges in maintaining their nutrient intake. It is an important basis to study the nutritional ecology of wild large ungulates in alpine ecosystems by investigating the changes in plant communities with altitude during the withered grass period and how these changes affect the food composition of Tibetan red deer. In this study, we selected the Tibetan red deer in Sangri County, Shannan region of Tibet as the research subject. We carried out field surveys on the altitude, plant communities, and feeding traces of the Tibetan red deer in March of 2021 and 2022 during the withered grass period on the Tibetan Plateau. Detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis were used to study altitudinal variations in plant communities and the regularity of food composition. The results showed that during the period of withered grass, Tibetan red deer ate primarily Salix daltoniana, Rosa macrophylla var. glandulifera and Dasiphora parvifolia. S. daltoniana accounted for more than 50% of the food composition, as the main food resources for red deer in withered grass period. In the low altitude area (4100-4300 m), plant community included Caragana versicolor, R. macrophylla and Berberis temolaica, and Tibetan red deer mainly ate R. macrophylla, C. versicolor and Artemisia wellbyi. In higher altitude area (4300-4600 m), plant community consisted of Rhododendron nivale, Rhododendron fragariiflorum, and Sibiraea angusta- ta, and Tibetan red deer mainly fed on S. daltoniana, Salix obscura, and Carex littledalei. At different altitudes, the dominant plant species were the main food of Tibetan red deer. It is suggested that the changes of plant community composition with altitude directly affected food composition of Tibetan red deer, indicating different food composition patterns with altitude gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influences of heated tobacco products on environmental air quality and the human health risk, the exhaled aerosol after smoking heated tobacco products was collected with a vacuum assisted capture device. Five major chemical components (i.e. propylene glycol, glycerol, menthol, nicotine and glycerol triacetate) in the exhaled aerosol were quantitatively analyzed with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Meantime, the heated tobacco product was also smoked by a smoking machine at the puffing parameters simulated volunteer smokers. The releases of the five chemical components in inhaled aerosol were determined and compared with those in the exhaled aerosol. The results showed that: 1 ) The developed method for exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product presented a linear calibration curve with correlation coefficient (R²) ≥ 0.999 9, and the limits of detection (LODs) between 0.10 and 0.41 µg/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 77.70%-120.00% with good intra-day (RSD≤6.93%) and inter-day precision (RSD≤10.70%). 2) The exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product contained higher releases of propylene glycol and glycerin, and the release of glycerin was higher than that of propylene glycol. There was menthol in the exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product with mint flavored tobacco rods. 3) The releases of the five chemical components in exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product were significantly lower than those in inhaled aerosol. The average retention efficiencies by the volunteers for propylene glycol, glycerin, menthol, nicotine and glycerol triacetate were 96.80%, 96.20%, 96.00%, 99.60% and 99.60% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantify water-soluble sugars in natural tobacco flavors, the analytical method described in YC/T 447-2012 was optimized, and an HPLC-ELSD method with water extraction was developed to determine 10 water-soluble sugars in natural tobacco flavors, namely rhamnose, stevioside, fructose, sorbitol, mannose, galactose, glucose, inositol, sucrose, maltose. The results showed that: 1) The sample solution with water extraction presented better stability compared with the control method with 0.02 mol/L NaOH extraction. 2) The retention time of the analytes was more stable after adding aqueous ammonia into the mobile phase. 3) The stabilities of ELSD peak areas of the ananlytes were improved at a gas flow rate of 2.20 L/min and a drift tube temperature of 80 °C. 4) The LODs of the 10 sugars were in the range of 4.19-12.30 µg/mL and the spiked recoveries ranged from 80.20% to 106.00% with good intra-day (RSD≤4.05%) and inter-day (RSD≤6.25%) precisions. 5) The contents of these sugars in 239 natural tobacco flavors were determined with the developed method, and the top five sugars were glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and sorbitol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop functional materials that can reduce phenol release in cigarette smoke, 36 natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were designed and prepared based on the characteristics that phenolic hydroxyl groups could easily form hydrogen bonds. The structures and thermal stability of the synthesized products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA) and thermogravimetric analysis ( TG) . The performances of the synthesized products in reducing phenol release in cigarette smoke were evaluated by a simulating device for screening the harm-reducing abilities of these filter additives in mainstream cigarette smoke. The results showed that: 1) The FT-IR and EA results suggested that the NADESs were successfully synthesized. TG analysis indicated that the NADESs had good thermal stability up to 150 °C 2) Thirteen NADESs reduced phenol release in mainstream cigarette smoke by more than 30%. Among them, choline chloride-levulinic acid (ChCl-LA), betaine-levulinic acid (Bet-LA), choline chloride-DL-lactic acid (ChCl-Lac), L-proline-DL-lactic acid (Pro-Lac) and choline chloride-fructose (ChCl-Fru) reduced phenol release by more than 40%. In summary, NADESs could effectively reduce phenol release in cigarette smoke and they could be prepared with a simple, green and low cost process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of different ventilation distribution on organic acid release from mainstream smoke of slim cigarette, the slim cigarette samples with different filter ventilation and cigarette paper air permeability were rolled, and the organic acid in mainstream smoke of samples were analyzed by GC-MS, the prediction models of organic acids release based on both filter and paper ventilation rate were established. The results were as follows: 26 kinds of organic acids were detected. With the increase of filter ventilation rate or paper ventilation rate, the decrease rate of organic acids with smaller molecular weight was higher, while that with larger molecular weight was smaller, and the effect of paper ventilation rate on the release of organic acids in cigarette smoke was greater than that of filter ventilation rate. When the total ventilation rate (V) was constant, the release of organic acids in cigarette smoke with high filter ventilation rate and low paper ventilation rate was higher than that with low filter ventilation rate and high paper ventilation rate. The prediction accuracy of the model of organic acid release was high, and the results further proved that the cigarette organic acid release was higher with the combination of high filter ventilation rate and low paper ventilation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to investigate the puff-by-puff discipline of flavor components in the mainstream cigarette smoking, a 20-channel rotary disc smoker modified from a patent in laboratory was used to achieve the puff-by-puff smoking of cigarettes. A GC-MS quantitative analysis method for neutral and alkaline flavor components in single-mouthful particulate phase of mainstream cigarette smoke was established. By using the established analytical method, the puff-by-puff delivery discipline of flavor components and the effects of the permeability of cigarette paper and packaging paper were studied. The results showed that: 1) The established analytical method had a good precision and recovery and was suitable for the quantitative analysis of neutral and alkaline aroma substances in single-mouthful gaseous and granular phase of cigarette smoke. 2) The transport capacity of tar and nicotine in the mainstream cigarette smoke steadily increased with the increase in the number of suction mouths, and decreased with the increase in the permeability of cigarette paper and packaging paper. 3) The transmission of neutral and alkaline aroma components increased with the increase in the number of suction mouths, but the transmission of various flavor components was slightly different, and decreased with the increase of the permeability of cigarette paper and packaging paper. 4) The puff-by-puff contents of neutral and alkaline aroma components in gaseous and granular phase of the mainstream smoke per unit tar and nicotine were the lowest in the first puff, and then were in line with the number of suction puffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CHIRALPAK-IC was used, and the mixed solution of V (re-hexane) : V (isopropanol) = 95 : 5 was used as the mobile phase, and diethylamine was used as the mobile phase additive. In normal phase chromatography mode, a chiral column-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD ) method was developed for the separation and analysis of nicotine optical isomers in tobacco and tobacco products. The characterization and test results of this method indicated:) The linear relationship between S-( -)-nicotine and R-( +)-nicotine was in the range of 15 ~750 µg/mL and 0. 75 ~30. 00 µg/mL, respectively. The detection limit and limit of quantification were 0.2 mg/g and 0. 05 mg/g, respectively. 2) The precision of intra- and inter-day measurements of nicotine was less than 0. 85% and 4. 00%, respectively; the recovery rates of S-( - ) -nicotine and R-( + ) -nicotine were 94. 93% ~ 103. 70% and 92. 50% ~ 117. 50%, respectively. This indicated that the method had good precision and high recovery rate. Using this method to determine the nicotine optical isomers of 26 different types of tobacco and tobacco products, it was found that tobacco was mainly S-( - )-nicotine, only 6 samples were detected by R-( + )-nicotine. The proportion of nicotine quality was 0. 18% ~0.70% ; among the 10 finished cigarettes and their mainstream smoke, the proportion of R-( + )-nicotine in total cigarette smoke was higher than that of cigarette tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the diagnostic performance of radiomics based on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of MRI for preoperative prediction of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in rectal cancer. Methods A total of 168 patients with pathology-confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled during January 2010 to June 2023. The patients underwent preoperative rectal MRI scans, and they were randomly divided into training set and validation set at a 7∶3 ratio. Radiomic features from T2WI and DWI were extracted and selected by dimensionality reduction using the maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) method and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis with ten-fold cross-validation. The radiomic total score (Radscore) for each patient was calculated to make radiomics model. The training set enrolled three clinical features [gender, age and preoperative level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)] and six magnetic resonance imaging features [ADC value, depth of infiltration, tumor length, tumor location, T staging and magnetic resonance imaging-defined extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI)].The clinical model was established through univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis based on above clinical and imaging features， and the clinical-radiomics model (combined model) was established with Radscore and independent risk factors from the clinical model. The diagnostic efficacy of each model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The differences in performance among the models were compared using the DeLong test. The Calibration curves were employed to evaluate the consistence between the preoperative predictive results obtained from the nomogram and the postoperative pathological results. Additionally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied to evaluate the clinical utility of the three models. Results The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for the combined model, clinical model, and radiomics model in the training were 0.926, 0.888, 0.756, and were 0.917, 0.896, 0.782 in validation sets, respectively. The DeLong test showed that the diagnostic efficacy of combined model was higher than that of radiomics model in both training and validation sets (P

Objective To investigate the expression of circNR4A1/Hsa-circ-0026352 in breast tumor tissue, peripheral blood, cell lines and its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods Using circRNA microarray, different expression of human circRNAs was found out between the breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The expression of circNR4A1 in breast cancer tissues, peripheral blood and breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7, HCC-1937, MDA-MB-231, T-47D and MCF-10A were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Circular RNA interactome software and KEGG software were used to predict its target miRNA and bio-function. The circNR4A1 over-expression vector was constructed and transfected into MCF-7 cells. The effect of circNR4A1 on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay. The cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 stainning. The qRT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of MEK/ERK signal pathway genes (K-RAS, MEK, ERK) and apoptosis-related genes (Bcl2, BAX, BAD, caspase-3). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of MEK, ERK, Bcl2, BAD and caspase-3 proteins. Results The expression of circNR4A1(Hsa-circ-0026352) was lower in breast cancer tissues, peripheral blood and breast cancer cell lines than in adjacent normal tissues, healthy individuals' peripheral blood and human breast epithelial cells. Over-expression of circNR4A1 in MCF-7 cells inhibited the cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and blocked the cell cycle in G1/S phase. The mRNA and protein expression of MEK, ERK, Bcl2 were significantly depressed, while the expression of BAD, caspase-3 were enhanced in the MCF-7 cells over-expressing circNR4A1. Conclusion The expression of circNR4A1/Hsa-circ-0026352 is lower in breast cancer tissues, peripheral blood and breast cancer cells. Over-expression of circNR4A1 can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic significance of pin1 and PR in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma., Methods: The expression of pin1 and PR were investigated by immunohistochemistry in a total of 50 endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens., Results: Pin1 was over expressed in 66% (33/50) of the cases. The expression rate decreased gradually with tumor differentiation(P<0.05). In addition, pin1 expression was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and invasive depth of myometrium. Moreover, pin1 was positively correlated with PR expression., Conclusion: Our results suggest that pin1 may play important roles in the tumorigenesis and migration of endometrial cancer. Pin1 expression may be considered as a prognostic marker as PR in patients with endometrial cancer.

We used blood as leaching medium, simulating clinical operation under maximum condition, to develop Liquid-phase extraction- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of plasticizer Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) released from Disposable Extracorporeal Circulation Tube in order to lay the foundation of risk analysis of this product. The characteristic wavelength of DEHP in methanol was detected. Acetonitrile was added to the leaching blood in proportion and extracted DEHP from blood. The methodology for HPLC to quantify DEHP was established and the DEHP amount released from this disposable extracorporeal circulation tube was measured. The experiments showed good results as follows. The characteristic wavelength of DEHP was 272nm. The concentration of DEHP (5-250 microg/mL) kept good linear relationship with peak area (r=0.9999). Method sensitivity was 1 microg/mL. Precisions showed RSD<5%. The adding standard extraction Recovery Rates of 25, 100 and 250 microg DEHP standard were 61.91 +/- 3.32)%, (69.38 +/- 0.55)% and (68.47 +/- 1.15)%. The DEHP maximum amounts released from 3 sets of this disposable extracorporeal circulation tube were 204.14, 106.30 and 165.34 mg/set. Our Liquid-phase Extraction-HPLC method showed high accuracy and precision, and relatively stable recovery rate. Its operation was also convenient.