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As the amount of data increases,correlates and crosses between data,the value of data needs to be maximized through data fusion.However,due to the complexity of the data fusion process,to clearly explain the data fusion process,it is necessary to establish a backtracking mechanism for data fusion.Although many researches are focused on data provenance,most of them are based on query and workflow,and few of them are for data fusion.This paper focuses on the provenance of data fusion,and proposes a method to support multi-granularity provenance.Firstly,the data fusion process is abstracted,and the semantic graphs of patterns,entities and attributes are constructed with the entity as the core,and an optimized model for storing storage provenance information is proposed.Secondly,on the basis of the semantic graph,the data provenance query algorithms at the entity level and the attribute level are proposed respectively,and the corresponding query optimization strategy are also proposed.Finally,experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed data provenance method.

Objective To investigate the MRI features of primary Gallbladder Carcinoma and the diagnostic value of MRI. Methods The MRI manifestations of 102 cases with primary Gallbladder Carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively, All patients who received routine MRI plain and enhancement scan were performed DWI examination. Results There were 54 cases of mass-type, 20 cases of wall thickening-type, 26 cases of intrauterine-type, slightly low signal was showed on T1WI, slightly high signal on T2WI, high signal on DWI. There were 38 cases of hepatic infiltration, 31 cases of liver metastasis, 87 cases of cholecystolithiasis, 64 cases of lymph node metastasis, 57 cases of obstruction of common bile duct, 13 cases of ascites and 5 cases of abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction. Conclusion MRI has good value in diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the background of Meta-analysis and the calculation method of effect size of two categorical data and measurement data,the quantification of Meta-analysis sensitivity is discussed. With the aid of quantitative sensitivity in engineering, the quantitative index of Meta-analysis sensitivity is given , namely large scale sensitivity and small scale sensitivity. And the calculation method of small scale sensitivity is put forward. Finaly combined with examples, the calculation results are analyzed and compared, and it indicates that the analysis results are consistent with sensitivity index and subgroup analysis methods. Thus the suggested sensitivity index is feasible and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomarkers are applied worldwide in marine environmental assessment due to their "early warning-function to chemical pollutants. Several integrative index approaches such as multi-marker pollution index (MPI), integrated biomarker response (IBR), bioeffect assessment index (BAI), biomarker response index (BRI), and health assessment index (HIS), have been developed based on biomarkers. By transforming the complex alterations of biomarkers into a single class or value, these approaches have been so far the useful tools for assessing the environmental quality. This review summarized the establishment of evaluation indicator system, the calculation of integrative index, the grading of pollution status, and the practical applications of each approach, and discussed the existing problems in marine environmental assessment based on biomarker index. Some improving suggestions were also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, 16 denitrifying phosphate --accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) were isolated in the special medium from the anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic SBR reactor, and the most efficient DNPAOs called Q -- hrb05, was screened by a phosphate uptake experiment, where nitrates were denitrified to gas and through inspection of the poly -- P. Strain Q -- hrb05 was identified by 16S rDNA gene analysis, and the accession number of 16 S rDNA gene sequence of strain Q -- hrb05 in GenBank was GU214826. The result showed that the strain Q -- hrb05 belonged to Bacillus sp, of which the homology could reach to 99%, that also corresponded to the result of biochemical features. The average phosphorus uptake rate of strain Q -- hrb05 was at 85% within 12 hours, and it had the denitrification capacity in the aerobic condition. It could be found that the phosphorus uptake rate was related to the content change of PHB. Under anaerobic condition, the maximal P -- release rate was 66%, which could reach to 12% of the dry cell weight. The P -- uptake rate was 92% with the decreasing of PHB content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the body has a strong immune system which can resists the invasion of leukemia cells, leukemia cells disseminate systemically and form an immunosuppressive microenvironment through a variety of mechanisms, including regulation of antigen presentation, utilization of immunosuppressive enzyme AXL, immune cell inhibitory checkpoint NKG2A and immunoregulatory gene VISTA , resulting in immune escape. Therefore, most types of leukemia are inevitable for the affliction of drug resistance or relapse, and the immune efficacy is not as significant as that of other hematological tumors and the prognosis is suboptimal. This article reviews the immune heterogeneity of leukemia microenvironment from many aspects, including anti-leukemia immunity and immune escape. In addition, it also reviews the latest progress and future prospects of immune checkpoint inhibition, adoptive cell therapy and vaccine therapy in leukemia, providing a theoretical basis for the development of personalized combination therapy strategies with less toxic side effects.

Objective: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of hispidulin on the proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells., Methods: K562 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with 0, 5, 25 or 100 μmol/L hispidulin for 24 h. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to assess the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and interleukin (IL)-37 proteins. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were extracted from 17 chronic myeloid leukemia patients and 21 healthy individuals by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient method, and the expression of IL-37 protein was measured by Western blot. K562 cells with IL-37 overexpression or knockdown were constructed, and then treated with 0 or 100 μmol/L hispidulin for 24 h. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined in the same way as above., Results: After K562 cells were treated with hispidulin, the cell inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, and the protein expression of Bax and IL-37 were significantly increased ( P <0.05), but the cell proliferation and expression of Bcl-2 protein were decreased ( P <0.05). The expression of IL-37 protein in bone marrow mononuclear cells of the leukemia patient was 0.24±0.03, which was significantly lower than 0.91±0.05 of healthy controls ( P <0.05). Overexpression of IL-37 significantly promoted inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, and expression of Bax protein in K562 cells ( P <0.05), but suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 protein ( P <0.05). In addition, knockdown of IL-37 could reverse the effects of hispidulin on proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells., Conclusion: Hispidulin inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells, which may be related to the up-regulation of IL-37 protein in cells.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common epigenetic modifications of eukaryotic mRNAs, which is involved in the regulation of gene expressions and biological processes in a variety of cells with dynamic and reversible methylation processes. In recent years, many studies have shown that m6A methylation modification not only acts on the growth, proliferation, and medullary differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells, but also participates in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of other hematological tumor cells such as chronic myeloid leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and it can even weaken the efficacy of anti-hematological tumor immunotherapy and induce immune escape leading to tumor resistance. With the successive development of a variety of m6A methylation-related enzyme inhibitors, it will provide new therapeutic ideas for patients with relapsed and refractory hematological tumors. In this paper, we review the research progress on the mechanism of m6A methylation on the occurrence, development, and tumor immunity of various hematological tumors.

This paper assessed the coastal environmental quality along the Beibu Gulf using a statistical approach, multi-biomarker pollution index (MPI). Samples of clam (Paphia undulata) and sediment were collected at nine sites from the intertidal zone of Beibu Gulf in April 2011. Nine biomarkers of response were measured both in gill and digestive gland in Paphia undulata, and twelve kinds of contaminants were measured in different sediment samples. According to the Pearson' s correlation coefficients between biomarker responses in Paphia undulata and contaminant levels in sediments, five biomarkers either in gill for oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) or in digestive gland for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were selected for MPI calculation. For each biomarker at each site, a response index was allocated, and the MPI value of this site was calculated as the sum of the response index of the five biomarkers. The results of the calculation (MPI values from 18 to 39) showed significant differences among sampling sites. The environmental quality of all sites ranged from class 1 (clean) to class 3 (lightly contaminated), and no site fell into class 4 (contaminated) or class 5 (heavily contaminated), indicating a good environmental quality in the intertidal zone of Beibu Gulf. However, the environmental quality at some sites (S1, S3, 54 and S7) fell into class 3 (lightly contaminated), indicating mild interference from human activities has occurred.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a newly developed technology. It is the different levels of gene silencing induced by specific degradation of targeted genes in vivo, and both exogenous and endogenous double-stranded RNAs could induce the specific degradation. RNAi has been applied in tumor therapy, viral infection, hepatitis B and many other diseases. siRNA is the effector molecule which induces the RNAi in vivo. But naked siRNA is easily degradated by RNases in vivo, and the half-life is short. Meanwhile, the transfection efficiency of the naked siRNA is comparatively low. So the naked siRNA needs the help of vectors to penetrate the cell membrane and take action. Viral vectors have the potential immunogenicity and mutagenicity in gene therapy. Therefore, non-viral vectors are drawing more and more attention. The latest development of the non-viral vectors is summarized in this review.

A denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), which was called Q-hrb05, was isolated in the special medium from the anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic SBR reactor. Strain Q-hrb05 was identified by 16SrDNA gene analysis, and the accession number of 16SrDNA gene sequence of strain Q-hrb05 in GenBank was GU214826. Effects of the different pH values, temperature, carbon source of medium on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of strain Q-hrb05 were investigated. The result showed that strain Q-hrb05 belonged to Bacillus sp.. Meanwhile, extracellular exopolymers of strain Q-hrb05 was based on protein, about 120.6 mg x mL(-1), and it had 23.05 microg x mL(-1) nucleic acid, but little polysaccharide. There was no significant adsorption of phosphate. So phosphorus removal was mainly due to intracellular uptake. And when pH value was kept as 7, temperature was kept as 30 degrees C, and carbon source was kept sodium acetate, the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency was achieved. Phosphorus uptake rate was averaged at 88%, and the denitrification rate reached 81%.

Objective: The effects of various postconditioning algorithm on reperfusion injury and the role of mitochondrion pathway were investigated in a rat model of reperfusion/injury., Methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups: sham, reperfusion/injury (R/I group), reverse algorithm of postconditioning (R-Post, 30/10-25/15-15/25-10/30 s of reperfusion/re-occlusion), standard algorithm of postconditioning (S-Post, 4 cycles of 20/20 s of reperfusion/re-occlusion), and gradual algorithm of postconditioning (G-Post, 10/30-15/25-25/15-30/10 s of reperfusion/re-occlusion)., Results: The levels of Bax, Cytochrome-c, Caspase-9, serum marker of myocardium and apoptosis index were significantly lower while the level of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the three postconditioning groups than those in R/I group (all P < 0.05). The levels of Bax (0.35 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.02, P < 0.05), Cytochrome-c (0.66 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.68 +/- 0.22, P < 0.05), Caspase-9 (0.61 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.66 +/- 0.55, P < 0.05), serum marker of myocardium [CK: (251.00 +/- 45.16) U/L vs. (388.56 +/- 75.01) U/L, P < 0.05; CK-MB: (146.00 +/- 60.12) U/L vs. (291.16 +/- 52.41) U/L, P < 0.05] and apoptosis index [(4.32 +/- 1.16)% vs. (8.58 +/- 1.12)% , P < 0.05] were all significantly lower while Bcl-2 level (2.00 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.18, P < 0.05) was significantly higher in G-Post group than those in S-Post group. Moreover, above mentioned cardiac protective effects were significantly stronger in the G-Post group compared to R-Post group (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In conclusion, gradual algorithm of postconditioning could attenuate reperfusion injury more significantly than standard algorithm, and mitochondrion pathway plays an important role in this cardioprotective process.

Objective: To test whether postconditioning could inhibit the expression of phospho-JNK (P-JNK) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and study its relation to apoptosis of cardiocyte., Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, reperfusion injury (R/I), postconditioning (Post), SP600125 (I&#95;JNK), anisomycin and postconditioning (Ani+Post) and anisomycin (Ani) groups. After acute myocardial infarction was induced in rats, placebo solution (DMSO), SP600125 (6 mg/kg) or anisomycin (2 mg/kg) was injected through jugular vein 5 min before reperfusion; 6 h later 3 rats of each group were executed and the hearts were separated to measure the signaling molecules (phospho-JNK, TNF alpha, Caspase-8, Bcl-2/Bax, cytochrome-c). Twenty-two hours later hemodynamic data were measured in the left rats, and then blood samples were taken to determine serum markers of cardiac damage, and hearts were separated to measure the infarction area and cardiocyte apoptosis., Result: Postconditioning improved +/-DP/DTmax of left ventricle, limited infarct area, relieved apoptosis and necrosis of cardiocytes, and inhibited the expression of P-JNK (1.12 +/-0.21 Compared with 1.90 +/-0.32, P<0.05). At the same time the levels of TNFalpha Caspase-8, Bax and Cyt-c were lower in Post group than those in R/I group, but Bcl-2 expression levels were higher. I&#95;JNK group presented the similar protection effect of postconditioning [TUNEL index: (6.23 +/-2.43)% Compared with (18.22 +/-5.10)%, P<0.05; Infarct area: (23.44 +/-6.34)% Compared with (42.31 +/-8.21)%, P<0.05]. On the other hand, Ani+Post group partially lost cardioprotection effect [TUNEL index: (14.12 +/-2.00)% Compared with (18.22 +/-5.10)%,P>0.05; Infarct area: (35.27 +/-5.28)% Compared with (42.31+/-8.21)%,P>0.05], because of the activation of JNK MAPK., Conclusion: Postconditioning can inhibit phosphorylation of JNK MAPK, which attenuates cardiocyte apoptosis by both extrinsic and mitochondria pathway.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, therapeutic approaches and outcomes of parasitic encephalopathy., Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to analyze 78 cases of parasitic encephalopathy in Huashan Hospital between June 2003 and June 2008., Results: There were 52 male and 26 female patients with a mean age of (34.5+/-11.4) years. Among these patients, 32.1% (25/78) had a history of eating raw, neurocysticercosis accounted for 78.2% (61/78), cerebral sparganosis 15.4% (12/78), cerebral paragonimiasis 3.8% (3/78), and cerebral toxoplasmosis 2.6% (2/78). The common clinical features were epilepsy, headache, nausea, vomiting, vision and hearing loss, facial paralysis and mental retardation. Internal medical therapy resulted in an improvement in 69.2% of the patients. 7 out of 9 patients got improved or cured by combined surgical and internal medical treatment. 42 cases were diagnosed as parasitic encephalopathy while 36 cases (46.1%) were once misdiagnosed as other disorders., Conclusion: Parasitic encephalopathy is associated with a history of eating raw, with a high rate of misdiagnosis. Internal medicine combined with surgery is an effective way for the therapy.

Objective: To investigate the hepatic safety of itraconazole intravenous solution in the treatment of invasive fungal infection., Methods: Forty-nine patients with invasive fungal infection, such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, and blood stream infection, caused by Aspergillus spp. Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida spp. Penicillium marneffei, and Prototheca wickerhamii, 50 of which had underlying diseases, including hepatic diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver etc. were treated with intravenous itraconazole for 12.6 days (2 - 42 days). Liver function test was conducted before and after the treatment. The relationship between liver adverse reaction and itraconazole treatment was evaluated., Results: Liver function test was abnormal in 20 patients. The patients with liver enzyme abnormalities before itraconazole treatment were easier to suffer from hepatic damage during itraconazole treatment (chi(2) = 11.54, P = 0.001). However, only in 2 patients with mild liver function test abnormality the liver adverse reaction could be associated with itraconazole treatment., Conclusion: Itraconazole treatment for invasive fungal infection is rather safe, even in the patients with underlying hepatic diseases. Liver function test is recommended for all patients suggestive of liver dysfunction and protective therapy for liver is needed.