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In order to investigate the application and development of Rosa sterilis in the field of drug-food homology, the Box-Behnken method was used to optimize the extraction process of bound polyphenols from Rosa sterilis based on the single factor experiment. The study also examined the clearance rate of DPPH·, ABTS+·, and ·OH and total reducing power of bound polyphenols and free polyphenols from Rosa sterilis, with VC as controls. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for the bound polyphenols of Rosa sterilis were a liquid-to-solid ratio of 24 mL/g, a lye concentration of 8 mol/L, an ultrasonic time of 47 min, and an ultrasonic power of 250 W. Under these conditions, the amount of extracted bound polyphenols was 135.73 mg GAE/g, which was close to the predicted value of the regression model (135.77 mg GAE/g). The model fit was excellent. The IC50 values of the bound polyphenols to DPPH· and ABTS+· were 0.0599 and 0.0121 mg/mL, respectively. These values were significantly (P0.05). The total reducing power of the bound polyphenols was higher than that of the free polyphenols. Additionally, the total reducing power of both polyphenols was significantly influenced by the concentration of the solution. The extracted bound polyphenols can be used as natural antioxidants, providing a theoretical basis for the processing and utilization of Rosa sterilis.

[Objective] Insufficient dissolution or shearing of drag reducing agents(DRAs) in product oil during pipeline transmission can have a significant impact on the oil's quality and may even result in quality accidents. [Methods] This study initially established characteristic physical and chemical indexes, including appearance, kinematic viscosity, distillation range, and unwashed gum, for the determination of DRA-containing product oil. Subsequently, a comparison was made against normal values to detect any abnormalities, enabling preliminary judgments on the impact of DRAs on product oil. Furthermore, a method leveraging concentration-infrared spectroscopy was developed for extracting macromolecular components from gasoline, and an analytical means was established to determine the presence of long-chain alkanes in gasoline. Additionally, gel chromatography was employed to determine the molecular weight of macromolecular components in gasoline, offering a qualitative and quantitative approach to identify insufficiently sheared DRAs. [Results] The appearance-kinetic viscosity method was established as a preliminary visual evaluation technique after conducting an analysis on the dissolving process of DRAs in product oil. The distillation range/unwashed gum method was identified as suitable for routine quality control, following an investigation into the influence of DRAs on the quality indexes of product oil during pipeline transmission. Moreover, the established concentration-infrared spectroscopy method proved effective in determining the presence or absence of long-chain alkanes through characteristic peak analysis. Furthermore, the gel permeation chromatography(GPC) method was established. It offered qualitative and quantitative analysis on the macromolecules in product oil, facilitating direct judgments on the shear rate of macromolecule chains. [Conclusion] This study presents a comprehensive set of appraisal methods, enabling accurate detection of the impact of DRAs on the quality of product oil during pipeline transmission. The findings of this study offer a feasible solution for preventing quality accidents in product oil during pipeline transmission,thus enhancing the overall quality assurance of product oil transported through pipelines.

To compare the allergenicity of native arginine kinase (nAK) and recombinant AK (rAK) from Scylla paramamosain and to identify the predominant allergenic domain of AK, AK was divided into 4 fragments: AK-E1 (amino acid (AA) 1–92), AK-E2 (AA 87–187), AK-E3 (AA 172–265), and AK-E4 (AA 276–357) based on the distribution of epitopes and the spatial structure of the AK molecule. The four recombinant fragments were expressed in the prokaryotic system Escherichia coli, and then nAK, rAK, and the recombinant fragments were purified. The allergenicity of recombinant proteins were evaluated using BALB/c mice. The results showed that the levels of specific antibodies in the serum and the secretion of Th2 type cytokines by the splenocytes of mice sensitized with rAK significantly increased, but the immunogenicity of rAK was weaker than that of nAK. Among the 4 fragments of AK, AK-E2 had the strongest immunogenicity. Meanwhile, rAK could stimulate RBL-2H3 cells to release β-hexokinase, but it was less effective than nAK. Among the 4 expressed fragments, AK-E2 and AK-E4 had a stronger stimulating effect on effector cells. In conclusion, the rAK expressed in the prokaryotic system showed weaker immunogenicity than nAK, and among the 4 fragments of AK, AA 87–187 has the strongest immunogenicity while AA 276–357 has the strongest immunoreactivity.

In order to promote the application of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings in harsh marine environments, magnetron sputtering technology was used to deposit CrN-DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel. Subsequently, SEM, Raman spectrometer, XPS, EDS, nanoindentation instrument, friction testing machine, three-dimensional profilometer, and electrochemical workstation were utilized to analyze the surface and cross-sectional morphology, microscopic bonding structure, chemical bonding state, composition and element distribution, hardness, tribological properties and corrosion resistance of CrN-DLC films prepared under different nitrogen flow conditions. Results showed that the CrN-DLC coatings had a dense surface structure with no obvious defects, and the deposited coatings were all amorphous in structure. The coatings showed a 55% elastic recovery rate when 2 mL/min N2 was passed through, indicating that the CrN-DLC coatings had good toughness, and the wear rate of the coating prepared under this condition under simulated seawater rubbing against Si3N4 balls was only 8.63×10-10 m3/(N·m). In the electrochemical tests, the anodic polarization curves of all CrN-DLC coatings showed obvious passivation phenomenon. Among them, the corrosion current density of the coating through the 2 mL/min N2 was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of 304 stainless steel, showing good corrosion resistance. Generally, the structural design and elemental doping of the CrN-DLC coatings could effectively improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel, which enhanced the application of DLC coatings in the marine environment.

生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能差是阻碍生物柴油发展的重要原因之一。为了加强生物柴油行业规范化，促进生物柴油产业健康发展，综述了生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的影响因素和评价方法，并根据不同影响因素提出了建议。生物柴油中饱和脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、游离甘油、甾醇糖苷均会影响生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能。可通过调变生物柴油分子结构，添加流动性改进剂和冷冻分离饱和脂肪酸甲酯等方法，减少饱和脂肪酸甲酯对生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的负面影响。ASTM D7501是评价生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的有效方法。在ASTM D7501基础上，制定的适用于我国生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能评价的试验方法，对于促进我国生物柴油产品品质提升具有现实意义。 Poor biodiesel low-temperature filtration blocking performance is one of the important reasons hindering the development of biodiesel. In order to strengthen the standardization of biodiesel industry and promote the healthy development of biodiesel industry, the influencing factors and evaluation methods of low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel were reviewed, and suggestions were made according to different influencing factors. Saturated fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid glycerides, free glycerol, sterol glycosides in biodiesel can affect the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel. The negative effect of saturated fatty acid methyl esters on the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel can be reduced by modifying the molecular structure of biodiesel, adding flow improver and freezing separation of saturated fatty acid methyl esters. ASTM D7501 is an effective method to evaluate the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel. The standard method of evaluating the low-temperature filtration blocking performance of biodiesel in China developed on the basis of ASTM D7501, is of practical significance to promote the quality improvement of biodiesel products in China.

[Objective] By reviewing the connotation and measurement methods of total factor energy efficiency, this study aimed to compare and verify the relevant factors and their changes and characteristics that affect the reliability of the measurement results. The conclusion of the study provides key support for improving the analysis of the technical efficiency of energy factors and other factors in production, carrying out energy conservation work, and achieving the goal of carbon peak in China. [Methods]Through the review of a large number of relevant publications, the connotation of total factor energy efficiency and related concepts, the methodology of total factor energy efficiency measurement, and the calculation results of existing representative studies were compared and analyzed. As a case study, we measured the total factor energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China, and verified the influencing factors and related characteristics of the calculated results. [Results] The results of literature review show that the concept of total factor energy efficiency is mixed with other energy efficiency concepts. Since energy consumption is highly linked to carbon emissions, simply including carbon emissions into undesirable output in the measurement method may lead to overestimation or underestimation of the total factor energy efficiency measurement results. The existing literature has great differences in the calculation results of total factor energy efficiency, or even completely opposite. The results of the case study show that the number of DMUs and the quality of input-output data have important effects on the total factor energy efficiency. However, technological heterogeneity has a greater impact on the regional differences in total factor energy efficiency than the differences in economic development levels. In addition, it is also verified that there is spatial autocorrelation in the measurement results of total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and its time trend is basically consistent with other relevant results. [Conclusion] It is necessary to strengthen the research on the connotation and methodology of total factor energy efficiency, especially to improve the analytical ability in dealing with unexpected output, technical heterogeneity, spatial autocorrelation and other aspects. And in the process of calculation to strengthen the input and output data and quality control; At the same time, the systematic analysis of the change characteristics of total factor energy efficiency should be strengthened.

To solve the problem of insufficient durability of graphene film with nano-scale thickness in substrate protection， the self-healing process referring to the re-growth of graphene film after damage on a nickel-based surface was studied by heat treatment method. The characterization of microstructure and morphology showed that the graphene could grow again and repair the damaged surface under the conditions of a heat treatment temperature of 700 ℃and a holding time of 5 min. The results of friction test showed that the friction coefficient of the regrown graphene film was 0.05， which was 50%lower than that of the original nickel surface. Meantime， the mechanism of graphene regrowth was explored， and the driving force of graphene regrowth was described clearly. Generally， this research achievements provided experimental basis and theoretical explanation for graphene self-healing field.

To meet the requirements of safety control during the fuel loading and refueling of nuclear reactors, a reactor first loading monitoring system was developed, and the related mechanical structure and electrical structure design and manufacturing of the system were completed including 3He proportional probe and pulse counter device, etc. The probe assembly adopts a new structure. The mechanical structure is a combination of a bridle structure waterproof connector, a waterproof tube and a load-bearing multi-core shielded cable. A fast charge sensitive preamplifier and a high-voltage module were integrated in the probe. The pulse counting device consist of several NIM modular plug-in units is mounted on a NIM rack mounting unit and a cabinet. The system contains four measurement channels and an acousto-optic alarm channel, which can realize functions such as counting rate display and over-threshold acousto-optic alarm. The tests show the system meets the requirements for neutron flux rate monitoring during nuclear reactor fuel loading and has been applied to unit 5 and unit 6 of Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant.

Based on the analysis of earthquakes with M≥5 in Huayingshan fault zone and the present moderate and small seismicity, the background and regional seismicity characteristics in this area are discussed. It is considered that the southern section of the fault zone is the main seismicity area, especially in Yibin, followed by the middle and northern sections. The distribution characteristics of “quiet-active” period of earthquakes with M≥5, the law of “weak activity-enhancement” of earthquakes with M≥3, and the acceleration of strain energy release rate after Changning MS6.0 earthquake in 2019 provide references for the prediction of earthquakes with M≥5 in this area.

In order to solve the problem that the surface subsidence coefficient of shallow buried coal seam is difficult to determine in northern Shaanxi mining area, the data of surface rock displacement parameters in coal seam mining under different topographic conditions are collected in this paper. On the basis of analysis, three main influencing factors affecting the surface subsidence coefficient of the mining area are obtained, that is the ratio of bedrock thickness and overburden thickness JZ, the ratio of bedrock thickness and mining height JC, slope stability G. In addition to, taking JZ and JC as independent variables and combining topographic forms with piecewise function, the expression of surface subsidence coefficient is given respectively. The research results show that the surface subsidence coefficient of loess gully region should be mainly calculated by JZ, and the ratio of the height of the slope to the overall thickness of the loess cover should be considered. The JC of the ground surface subsidence coefficient should be calculated at aeolian sandy site. Through two engineering examples, the reliability of the piecewise function expression of surface subsidence coefficient with JC and JZ as independent variables is verified.

The current COVID-19 epidemic situation is grim, and the government has realized the importance of biosafety. This paper summarizes the situation and experience of biosafety management and education in pathogenic biology teaching laboratory from the aspects of management system, hardware construction and software construction. And through the questionnaire survey of the eight-year clinical students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, we have a preliminary understanding of the students' views on the way of learning biosafety knowledge and the situation of mastering biosafety knowledge. It is expected that through the consideration of biosafety education, the curriculum design of biosafety education of pathogenic biology will be discussed to improve the knowledge level of biosafety of medical students.

For the large deformation and distortion of the mesh on the numerical simulation of rubber,using the solving and transformation between grids of the adaptive technique of Abaqus software,the rubber model was remeshed several times. In this paper,the key parts of the packer were used as the research object and the final rubber deformation results were obtained by two remeshing before solving the mapping to the new mesh for further solving. The results of numerical simulation show that remeshing can reduce the occurrence of distortion and solve the problem of nonlinear analysis of large deformation caused by mesh distortion.Remeshing can improve the accuracy of data transmission between the old and new grid when the old mesh has a smaller distortion. It provides a significant research method for the sealing performance of the rubber,which also has some reference value for other hyperelastic materials.

In order to research the problem that mining underlying No.8 coal seam can alleviate strong strata behavior during mining No.3 coal seam or not, a far distance lower protective seam mining scheme was simulated by use of FLAC3D software, and stress peak value, stress distribution and plastic range were analyzed during mining process of the protected No.3 coal seam before and after mining the lower protective No.8 coal seam. The research results show that with the lower protective No.8 coal seam advancing, inclined stress of working face of the protected No.3 coal seam represents 'M' shape, namely both ends of coal body shows stress concentration, and stress in middle region is lower, so as to make surrounding rock of the No. 3 coal seam working face roadway, which is arranged in central pressure relief area, get pressure relief with different degree. After mining the lower protective No.8 coal seam, the stress peak value of the protected No.3 coal seam working face is reduced about 18%, and mining influence distance is shorted about 10 m. Meanwhile, stress concentration degree is weakened, and new plastic zone does not appear in coal body of the working face.

Background Previous studies showed that smoking is associated with increased multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, while investigation of relation between smoking and risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) is rarely reported. Hence, this study aims to explore the association of smoking with MS and NMOSDs susceptibility and ascertain whether smoking can increase the risk of these two diseases. Methods Fifty-three MS patients, 62 NMOSDs patients and 85 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Standardized questionnaire or follow-up by telephone call were adopted to collect information regarding whether patients, healthy controls and their relatives have smoking behavior, and to learn circumstances of active smoking and passive smoking in these subjects. Results There were 156 subjects who finished effective questionnaires and telephone follow-up, including 39 MS patients, 43 NMOSDs patients and 74 controls. Compared with passive smoking and non-smoking subjects, the susceptibility of both MS (OR = 10.800, 95%CI: 2.202-52.975; P = 0.001) and NMOSDs (OR = 5.838, 95%CI: 1.123-30.357; P = 0.050) was significantly increased in active smoking subjects. Compared with non-smoking subjects, the susceptibility of both MS (OR = 3.444, 95% CI: 1.491-7.953; P = 0.003) and NMOSDs (OR = 2.370, 95%CI: 1.039-5.407; P = 0.038) was significantly increased in active and passive smoking subjects. In comparison with non-smoking males, smoking males were susceptible to MS (OR = 15.000, 95%CI: 2.239-100.483; P = 0.005). Conclusions Smoking is definitely the risk factor for MS, whereas it is not clear whether it is a risk factor for NMOSDs. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.009

Objective To investigate the clinical features of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with positive serum aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody. Methods A total of 18 MS patients who had been diagnosed in accord with McDonald Criteria (2010) were enrolled and were divided into AQP4 positive group (N = 5) and AQP4 negative group (N = 13). In combination with accessory examination, clinical features and laboratory data of MS patients were correlatively studied between 2 groups in association with follow-up study in Outpatient Clinic. Results Five seropositive patients, including 2 men and 3 women, were collected. The median age of onset was 43 years and the median clinical course was 4 months. Compared with patients with negative AQP4 antibody, MS patients with positive AQP4 antibody demonstrated increased spinal cord lesions and optic nerve involvement. MRI revealed multiple abnormal long T1 and long T2 signals in brain and cervicothoracic spinal cord (3/5), and multiple abnormal long T1 and long T2 signals in cervicothoracic spinal cord (2/5) in seropositive group. Relatively more patients in seropositive group had increased cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) IgG index (4/4) and 24 h intrathecal IgG synthesis rate (3/4), and positive oligoclonal bands (OBs, 3/4). Two patients presented with positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and one Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in seropositive group. Conclusions There were some differences in clinical features between AQP4 antibody positive MS and classical MS, suggesting distinctive pathogenesis may exist between these two entities, which need to be emphasized and treated accordingly from the diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. HE Yang and YANG Ting-ting contributed equally to this studyDOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.012

Objective To investigate the immunological abnormalities beyond central nervous system (CNS) associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Methods Clinical data of 56 patients with NMOSDs from January 2010 to December 2013 enrolled in Department of Neurology at Peking University People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into 2 groups: neuromyelitis optica (N = 33) and non-neuromyelitis optica (N = 23). Each patient underwent detailed physical examination including internal medicine and nervous system. Records of complicated autoimmune diseases as well as scoring of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were used to evaluate disease severity. Part of patients received detection of multiple immunological indicators. Results In all patients with NMOSDs, there were 3 cases with Hashimoto thyroiditis, one case with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), asthma, hyperthyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis and iridocyclitis, respectively. In patients whose immunological indices were available, the first three abnormal immunological changes were abnormal thyroid function (10/17), positive anti-nuclear antibody (14/28) and positive complement 3 (8/19). In addition, NMOSDs got worsen in 2 cases after delivery. Conclusions NMOSDs coexist with many kinds of autoimmune diseases and multiple autoantibodies. The above-mentioned autoimmunity may be related to the pathogenesis of NMOSDs. Besides, pregnancy or delivery may aggravate the disease severity of NMOSDs. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.09.009

High protein content easily leads to nutrient imbalance in feed, reduces the efficiency of digestion and utilization of nutrients in fish, and increases the discharge of pollutants in aquaculture. It not only increases feed cost, but also easily causes water environment pollution. Reducing feed protein level can effectively reduce ammonia nitrogen emission in animal feces, but it may lead to the degradation of animal production performance. Supplementation of restricted amino acids can improve the protein utilization rate of animals and also reduce the nitrogen emission in the breeding process. Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is a benthic small economic fish with a large aquaculture yield. This experiment with yellow catfish hybrid larvae as the research object, explore the supplemental methionine and lysine of low protein feed for yellow catfish hybrid larvae growth performance, body composition, transaminase activity and the influence of antioxidant capacity, to cross the yellow catfish hybrid nutrition requirements and related research, and health breeding to provide theoretical basis and reference. In this study, five experimental diets were formulated and there were three protein levels as 42% (control), 37% (LP1) and 32% (LP2). By using the control diet as standard, other two low-protein diets (37% and 32%) and supplementation with lysine and methionine (LP1+AA and LP2+AA) were formulated. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks, and the initial weight of fish was (0.96±0.01) g. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance, body composition, transaminase activity and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid were measured. The results showed that compared with the control group, (1) the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of yellow catfish hybrid in LP1 group and LP2 group reduced significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in weight gain rate and specific growth rate between LP1+AA and LP2+AA yellow catfish hybrid (P>0.05). (2) The relative expression levels of GH, IGF-1 in pituitary and GH in hypothalamus of yellow catfish hybrid in LP2 group and LP2+AA group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups with control group (P>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in water content, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content between muscle and whole fish in each experimental group (P>0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in AST activity in liver and serum among all the groups (P>0.05), and serum ALT activity in LP2 group was significantly higher than that in the control group and LP1+AA group (P<0.05). (5) CAT activity in serum, T-AOC, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and CAT mRNA relative expression in liver of both LP2 and LP2+AA groups decreased, and ROS content in liver and serum increased. There were no significant differences in SOD, CAT, T-AOC, MDA and ROS in liver and serum and Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and CAT mRNA relative expression in liver of LP1+AA groups (P>0.05). These results showed that reducing the protein content of both 5% and 10% in the feed would negatively affect the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid. Reducing the protein content of the feed by 5% and adding lysine and methionine would not significantly affect the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid. Therefore, we suggest that the protein content in feed can be reduced by supplementing amino acid in feed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A specific mechanism is the premise to understand and evaluate the communication effect of e-sports media. From the angles of embodied experience and digital labor, literature analysis and expert interview are used starting with frame theory to analyze the forming process and the relationship of e-sports' communication effect in network media, and some suggestions are provided in theory application, user experience and platform operation.It holds that the communication effect of e-sports in network media is derived from the game between the media commercialization and the youth subculture.The dimension of this game is the "identity" based on the embodied experience and "consumption" caused by the digital labor. The result is the emotional identification, behavioral identification and identity identification from embodied experience, which can shape the business mind in network.Also, the symbolic consumption, power consumption and space consumption can be formed in the digital labor, which can construct the relationship in network culture. Based on this mechanism, it is finally proposed to re-examine the communication effect of e-sports in network media from the perspective of "play theory", and the optimized path is designed from the dimensions of embodied experience and digital labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproof adhesive interlayer of the bridge deck pavement is prone to horizontal interlayer water seepage and ponding, which results in the degradation of interlayer bonding performance. In this paper, the CT scanning techniques, interlayer permeability tests, shear tests and pullout tests are used to comprehensively analyze the engineering applicability of five kinds of waterproof adhesive interlayer (modified emulsified asphalt, 4.75 synchronous surface dressing, 9.5 synchronous surface dressing, 5 mm asphalt concrete (AC-5) and slurry seal) commonly used in engineering. Based on the digital image processing technology, we quantize the interlayer pore distribution and analyze the relationship between the pore distribution characteristics of each waterproof adhesive layer and its impermeability or bond performance. The results show that the distribution of pores in the waterproof adhesive interlayer is closely related to the seepage, water accumulation and bonding properties. The more the pores are, the easier it is for water to seepage through interlayer, the lower the bonding performance of the bonding layer. Among the five typical waterproof adhesive interlayers, AC-5 has the best mechanical properties, while the modified emulsified asphalt has the best waterproof effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt doped titania (Co-TiO2), zinc doped titania (Zn-TiO2) and Co/Zn co-doped titania (Co/Zn-TiO2) nano-materials were synthesized by a sol-gel method. Using E.coli, S.aureus and C.albicans as target strains, the effects of various doped elements and reaction factors on antibacterial activity under visible light irradiation were studied. Nano-materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), specific surface area analyzer (BET), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and FT-IR analysis. The experimental results show that zinc doping could cause changes in the structure of TiO2, accepting excited electrons on the valence band of TiO2, and absorbing photons to cause electrons to transition to the conduction band of TiO2. In addition, Zn/TiO2 nano-materials contained 27% ZnTiO3, which had photocatalytic activity and could inhibit the growth of strains. The presence of Co component in the Co/TiO2 nanomaterial increased the grain size of the TiO2 by inhibiting the grain growth of the TiO2, which increased the specific surface area of the crystallite. Co ion introduced the impurity level of Co4f into the TiO2 energy gap, that is, the valence band of TiO2 transferred with the 4f electric layer of Co to generate the capture level, which reduced the band gap width and increased the absorption of visible light by Co/TiO2, thus enhancing the photocatalytic performance of antibacterial agents and improving the antibacterial activity. The antibacterial effect of Co-Zn/TiO2 nanomaterials was the best. Co-doped of Zn and Co with TiO2 promoted the dissolution of Zn and Co ions. As Zn and Co ions themselves also had bactericidal effects, they penetrated into the bacterial cell wall and inhibited the enzyme activity, leading to the death of bacteria. However, due to the different targets of microbial attack, when the microorganisms were exposed to Zn and Co ions at the same time, different positions on the cell membrane were attacked, resulting in more effective damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang-Shasha algorithm has a unique advantage in editing distance between ordered trees and similarity measurement. Aiming at the problem of automatic assessment of the learners' stored procedure assignments, the paper put forward a solution for similarity matching of stored procedure block based on Zhang-Shasha algorithm. It was the key that how to convert the stored procedure block to the form of ordered tree required by the algorithm. Through lexical analysis and syntax analysis it transformed the stored procedure block into the abstract syntax tree, and then further convert to an ordered binary tree. According to the analysis, the resulting binary tree belonged to right branch tree. Zhang-Shasha-R algorithm has higher efficiency in calculating the distance and similarity of this kind of tree. The experimental results show that this method has a high accuracy rate, and with the increasing number of exercises in the experiment, the accuracy of the assessment increases gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of Naive Bayes in spam filtering depends on the modelling of the mail contents. However, mail content modelling is not mature, which limits the performance of Bayesian method in spam filtering. This paper presents three kinds of probability distribution to model email content, and proposes three Naïve Bayes algorithms based on different probability distributions. To improve training efficiency, the incremental training algorithm is utilized in the experimental procedure. Experiments on trec06p and trec05p - 1 show that the three proposed algorithms can achieve good performance in different sceneries. Such a finding also provides effective basis for the selection of the filtering methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D-CTM (Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Forming Simulation) software for precision forging process of aero-engine blade was developed. The key technologies of 3D coupled rigid-viscoplastic thermo-mechanical FEM simulation of blade forging process were studied systematically. By using the remeshing method of contracting from the boundary to the inner, new mesh system from old distorted mesh system can be obtained. A method of modifying the position of nodes touching on the die according to its original normal was proposed to avoid "dead lock" problem due to uncontinuity of normal of scatted die meshes. The pseudo-static iterative algorithm was used to simplify the coupled thermo-mechanical computation. In particular, formulations to determine relaxation factor β was established for rigid viscoplastic FEM adopting penalty function method, and an improved cubic factor rapid algorithm derived from these formulations was proposed by combining with the advantage of advance and retreat search method. Finally, by applying the 3D-CTM to the precision forging process of the blade with tenon, the results show that the system is reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of periodontal regenerative technology, an increasing number of scholars reported that advanced periodontitis involving teeth can be preserved through intentional replantation. Intentional replantation has become the last possible method to preserve natural teeth for advance periodontitis with signs of tooth extraction. However, the indications of intentional replantation are strict, and the success of the operation is closely related to the condition of cases and the operation skills of doctors. In this article, the operation steps and criteria of intentional replantation were summarized by introducing three success cases of advanced periodontitis involving teeth preserved by intentional replantation. The relevant factors that affect the prognosis of intentional replantation in advanced periodontitis involving teeth preservation were analyzed to help clinicians preserve natural teeth.

Glioblastoma is the most common primary cranial malignancy, and chemotherapy remains an important tool for its treatment. Sanggenon C(San C), a class of natural flavonoids extracted from Morus plants, is a potential antitumor herbal monomer. In this study, the effect of San C on the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay and 5-bromodeoxyuridinc(BrdU) labeling assay. The effect of San C on the tumor cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry, and the effect of San C on clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells was examined by soft agar assay. Western blot and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the mechanism of the antitumor activity of San C. In the presence of San C, the MTT assay showed that San C significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. BrdU labeling assay showed that San C significantly attenuated the DNA replication activity in the nucleus of tumor cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that San C blocked the cell cycle of tumor cells in G&#95;0/G&#95;1 phase. The soft agar clone formation assay revealed that San C significantly attenuated the clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) implied that San C inhibited the tumor cell division cycle by affecting the myelocytomatosis viral oncogene(MYC) signaling pathway. Western blot assay revealed that San C inhibited the expression of cyclin through the regulation of the MYC signaling pathway by lysine demethylase 4B(KDM4B), which ultimately inhibited the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells and self-renewal. In conclusion, San C exhibits the potential antitumor activity by targeting the KDM4B-MYC axis to inhibit glioblastoma cell growth, proliferation, and self-renewal.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common genital malignancies in males, with gradually increasing morbidity and mortality in recent years. Improving the treatment of PCa has an important clinical significance for the patients. Lots of recent studies show that autophagy is closely related to this malignancy. More and more emphasis is being attached to the investigation of the role of autophagy in the development and progression of PCa as well as to the treatment of the disease by regulating the level of autophagy. This review summarizes the advances in the studies of the role of autophagy in the treatment of PCa.

Background: At present, more and more studies predict invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) through three-dimensional features of pulmonary nodules, but few studies have confirmed that three-dimensional features have more advantages in diagnosing IAC than traditional two-dimensional features of pulmonary nodules. This study analyzed the differences of chest computed tomography (CT) features between IAC and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) from three-dimensional and two-dimensional levels, and compared the ability of diagnosing IAC. The non-invasive adenocarcinoma group includes precursor glandular lesions (PGL) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA)., Methods: The clinical data of 1,045 patients with ground glass opacity (GGO) from January to December 2019 were collected. Then the correlation between preoperative CT image characteristics and pathological results were analyzed retrospectively. The independent influencing factors for the identification of IAC were screened out according to two-dimensional and three-dimensional classification by multivariate Logistic regression and the cut-off point for the identification of IAC was found out through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At last, the ability of diagnosing IAC was evaluated by Yoden index., Results: The diameter of nodule, the diameter of solid component, the diameter of mediastinal window nodule in two-dimensional factors, and the volume of nodule, the volume of solid part and the average CT value in three-dimensional factors were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of IAC. These factors were arranged by Yoden index: solid partial volume (0.601)>nodule volume (0.536)>solid component diameter (0.525)>nodule diameter (0.518)>mediastinal window nodule diameter (0.488)>proportion of solid component volume (0.471)>1-tumor disappearance ratio (TDR) (0.468)>consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) (0.394)>average CT value (0.380)., Conclusions: The CT features of three-dimensional are better than two-dimensional in the diagnosis of IAC, and the size of solid components is better than the overall size of nodules.

Due to the large amount of greenhouse gas emissions and the high dependence on fossil fuels, the sustainable development of aviation industry has attracted worldwide attention. Bio-jet fuel is considered to be a promising alternative to traditional aviation fuel. This article summarizes the representative technological route, development status, opportunities and challenges faced by the development of bio-jet fuel industry. So far, several bio-jet fuel production technologies have been certified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids is currently the most mature process that can be fully commercialized. Considering economic characteristics and technology maturity, Fischer-Tropsch is promising in near term.

Morus alba, a traditional economic crop, is also a significant medicinal plant. The branches(Mori Ramulus), leaves(Mori Folium), roots and barks(Mori Cortex), and fruits(Mori Fructus) of M. alba are rich in chemical components, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanols, anthocyanins, benzofurans, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides, and possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, liver protective, immunoregulatory, and other pharmacological activities. This study analyzed the sources, classification, and functions of the main chemical components in M. alba and systematically summarized the latest research results of essential active components in M. alba and their pharmacological effects to provide references for in-depth research and further development as well as utilization of active components in M. alba.

Background: At present, the research progress of targeted therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma is very rapid, which brings new hope for the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. However, the specific imaging and pathological features of EGFR and ALK gene mutations in adenocarcinoma are still controversial. This study will further explore the correlation between EGFR, ALK gene mutations and imaging and pathological features in invasive lung adenocarcinoma., Methods: A total of 525 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in our center from January 2018 to December 2019 were included. According to the results of postoperative gene detection, the patients were divided into EGFR gene mutation group, ALK gene mutation group and wild group, and the EGFR gene mutation group was divided into exon 19 and exon 21 subtypes. The pathological features of the mutation group and wild group, such as histological subtype, lymph node metastasis, visceral pleural invasion (VPI) and imaging features such as tumor diameter, consolidation tumor ratio (CTR), lobulation sign, spiculation sign, pleural retraction sign, air bronchus sign and vacuole sign were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore whether the gene mutation group had specific manifestations., Results: EGFR gene mutation group was common in women (OR=2.041, P=0.001), with more pleural traction sign (OR=1.506, P=0.042), and had little correlation with lymph node metastasis and VPI (P>0.05). Among them, exon 21 subtype was more common in older (OR=1.022, P=0.036), women (OR=2.010, P=0.007), and was associated with larger tumor diameter (OR=1.360, P=0.039) and pleural traction sign (OR=1.754, P=0.029). Exon 19 subtype was common in women (OR=2.230, P=0.009), with a high proportion of solid components (OR=1.589, P=0.047) and more lobulation sign (OR=2.762, P=0.026). ALK gene mutations were likely to occur in younger patients (OR=2.950, P=0.045), with somking history (OR=1.070, P=0.002), and there were more micropapillary components (OR=4.184, P=0.019) and VPI (OR=2.986, P=0.034) in pathology., Conclusions: The EGFR and ALK genes mutated adenocarcinomas have specific imaging and clinicopathological features, and the mutations in exon 19 or exon 21 subtype have different imaging features, which is of great significance in guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer rank first among all malignant tumors in China. With the popularization of high resolution computed tomography (CT) in clinic, chest CT has become an important means of clinical screening for early lung cancer and reducing the mortality of lung cancer. Imaging findings of early lung adenocarcinoma often show partial solid nodules with ground glass components. With the development of imaging, the relationship between the imaging features of some solid nodules and their prognosis has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, with the development of 3D-reconstruction technology, clinicians can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of such nodules.This article focuses on the traditional imaging analysis of partial solid nodules and the imaging analysis based on 3D reconstruction, and systematically expounds the advantages and disadvantages of both.
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Fentanyl as a synthetic opioid works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in brain areas to generate analgesia, sedation and reward related behaviors. As we know, cerebellum is not only involved in sensory perception, motor coordination, motor learning and precise control of autonomous movement, but also important for the mood regulation, cognition, learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that functional MORs are widely distributed in the cerebellum, and the role of MOR activation in cerebellum has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fentanyl on air-puff stimulus-evoked field potential response in the cerebellar molecular layer using in vivo electrophysiology in mice. The results showed that perfusion of 5 μmol/L fentanyl on the cerebellar surface significantly inhibited the amplitude, half width and area under the curve (AUC) of sensory stimulation-evoked inhibitory response P1 in the molecular layer. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the fentanyl-induced suppression of P1 amplitude was 4.21 μmol/L. The selective MOR antagonist CTOP abolished fentanyl-induced inhibitory responses in the molecular layer. However, application of CTOP alone increased the amplitude and AUC of P1. Notably, fentanyl significantly inhibited the tactile stimulation-evoked response of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) and the spontaneous firing of MLIs. The results suggest that fentanyl attenuates air-puff stimulus-evoked field potential response in the cerebellar molecular layer via binding to MOR to restrain the spontaneous and evoked firing of MLIs.

Polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters refer to highly hydrophilic coating films fixed on the surface of catheters with binding force, which can reduce the surface friction with human tissues during the use of interventional catheters, improve the patient comfort of and effectively reduce the incidence of infection. Based on the development process of medical catheter coating, this review summarizes recent advances in the field of polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters from types of hydrophilic coating polymer, development of coating technology and establishment of coating performance evaluation method. Main problems in this field are analyzed and development trends in the future are prospected.

We used the mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation data during 1961 and 2017 of 101 national meteorological stations in Yunnan Province to calculate three climate-induced potential productivity in Yunnan Province by Miami model and the Thornthwaite Memorial model. The abrupt test was carried out by Mann-Kendell method. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and future trends of the three climate-induced potential productivities were analyzed. Results showed that the average values of the temperature potential productivity (Y t ), precipitation potential productivity (Y r ) and evapotranspiration potential productivity (Y e ) during the study period was 1968, 1477 and 1434 g·m -2 ·a -1 , respectively. The value of Y t was rising in Yunnan Province. For the value of Y r /Y t , there was a large difference in water-heat ratio among regions, as well as the binding conditions. There was an abrupt change in climate-induced potential productivity, with Y t began to abrupt change significantly in 2001. There was no abrupt change in Y r , but Y e had abrupt change in 2002-2004. The spatial distribution of climate production potential and climate tendency were uneven. The annual average value of Y t , Y r and Y e was 1030-2465, 927-2341 and 832-1995 g·m -2 ·a -1 , respectively. The climate-induced potential productivity was the lowest in the northwestern and northeastern Yunnan and the highest in the southwestern and southern Yunnan. Most of the climatic propensity rates of Y t , Y r and Y e showed increase, decrease and increase trends respectively. Eight schemes simulating future climate change (i.e., temperature increased by 1 ℃, precipitation increased by 10%, temperature decreased by 1 ℃, precipitation decreased by 10%, temperature increased by 1 ℃ and precipitation decreased by 10%, temperature increased by 1 ℃ and precipitation increased by 10%, the temperature decrease by 1 ℃ and the precipitation increased by 10%, the temperature decrease by 1 ℃ and precipitation decreased by 10%) would lead to Y e changes of 6-45, 13-77.2, 15-67, -87 to -17, -74-46, 58-96, -54-57, -101 to -59 g·m -2 ·a -1 , respectively. On the whole, if the climate tends to be "warm and wet" in the future, it will be beneficial for crop production. However, if it tends to be "cold and dry", it will be unfavorable to crop production in the study area.

Organic agriculture has a higher potential than traditional agriculture to reduce environmental emissions. However, heavy metals in organic manure inevitably exacerbate eco-toxicity. At present, there are few studies on systematically and comprehensively evaluating the effects of different production modes on the environmental impact of vegetable production in the North China Plain (NCP). The objective of this study is to provide a theoretical direction for reducing the negative impact of greenhouse vegetable production. In this study, we used a greenhouse eggplant production (2013-2016) as case study and conducted a field experiment in Quzhou County, Hebei Province, China. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to analyze and compare the production and environmental impacts of eggplant production under three modes:conventional, integrated, and organic. The results showed that the potential for water contamination, eutrophication, and soil contamination was high among the three modes, ranging from 82.05% to 84.02%, 10.29% to 12.32%, and 2.62% to 3.48%, respectively. This is occurred mainly in the arable farming subsystem and is attributed to the loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), pesticide residues, and heavy metals in organic manure. The environmental impact index of the integrated mode is the lowest, with a value of 0.596, which is 30.3% and 6.7% lower than those of the conventional and organic modes. The integrated mode significantly reduces the emission of pollutants from the greenhouse vegetable production in the arable farming subsystem; therefore, it is the best management practice. In the integrated mode, the environmental costs of producing one ton of eggplant are 46.6 J for energy depletion, 81.9 m 2 for land occupation, 0.0046 m 3 for water depletion, 0.0054 kg (CO 2 -eq) for global warming, 0.0060 kg (SO 2 -eq) for acidification, 0.0735 kg (PO 4 -eq) for aquatic eutrophication, 2.84E-05 kg (1,4-DCB-eq) for human toxicity, 0.4892 kg (1,4-DCB-eq) for aquatic eco-toxicity, and 0.0174 kg (1,4-DCB-eq) for soil eco-toxicity. Optimizing field management measures such as the application of biological pesticides, using high quality organic fertilizer, and improving the efficiency of N and P use, can better control the negative environmental impacts in the life cycle of vegetable production and improve environmental sustainability in the NCP.

The study aims at screening the specific bands by PCR, quickly and accurately evaluating the quality of ginseng seeding, accelerating the process of ginseng breeding. Based on the correlation of genetic differences and saponin content between individuals, a pair of specific primer GC1 was screened by PCR. According to the experiment by L16 (45) orthogonal test, a PCR system most suitable for GC1 was established, which came out total 25 μL reaction system containing DNA 2.60 mg•L⁻¹, Mg²⁺ 1.44 mmol•L⁻¹, dNTP 0.19 mmol•L⁻¹, primer 0.32 μmol•L⁻¹ and Taq enzyme concentration 0.076 U•μL⁻¹. By comparing the saponin content and the GC1 PCR electrophoretogram of samples, the ginseng, with 1 200 bp specific band by PCR of GC1, the contents of 9 monosodium saponins and their additions were higher than others, which provided a reliable method for accelerating the process of ginseng breeding. The sequence was sequenced and 99% homologous to glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the surgical outcome of unilateral pedicle screw(UPS) after TLIF technique combined with contralateral percutaneous transfacet screw(PTS) fixation vs bilateral pedicle screws(BPS) fixation in treatment of degenerative lumbar disease., Methods: From January 2009 to June 2012, 46 patients with degenerative lumbar diseases, including 30 males and 16 females with an average age of 51.5 years old, who were divided into two groups according to different fixation methods. Twenty-two cases underwent UPS after TLIF technique combined with contralateral PTS fixation (group A), while the others underwent BPS fixation(group B). The relative data were analyzed, such as blood loss volume, operative time, fusion rate, ODI score, JOA score and so on., Results: All the patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years with an average of 22 months. Except one case of each group was uncertainty fusion, the rest have obtained bony fusion, and the fusion rates in group A and B were 95.5% and 95.8%, respectively. No displacement and breakage of screw were found during follow-up. Operative time and blood loss volume in group A were better than of group B( P <0.05). ODI and JOA scores had improved obviously than preoperation( P <0.05), but the differences had no statistical significance between two groups( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Two approaches had similar clinical outcomes for degenerative lumbar disease with no severe instability. Compared with BPS fixation, the UPS after TLIF technique and contralateral PTS fixation has the advantages of less trauma, shorter operative time and less blood loss, and it is a safe and feasible surgical technique., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

In this study, the total alkaloids of Huangteng were given to the rats by the methods of intragastric administration and tail vein. After the concentration changes of palmatine and jatrorrhizine in the plasma of rats were determined by RP-HPLC, pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability were calculated by 3P97 software. After the rats were pre-treated with total alkaloid 60 mg•kg⁻¹ by the methods of intragastric administration and tail vein, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows： in the intragastric administration group, the Cmax of palmatine and jatrorrhizine were (0.91±0.06), (0.70±0.08) mg•L⁻¹; tmax of palmatine and jatrorrhizine were (35.24±0.83), (47.76±1.24) min; t1/2 of palmatine and jatrorrhizine were (187.03±1.53), (105.64±16.99) min, AUC of palmatine and jatrorrhizine were (280.30±18.69), (144.36±1.06) mg•min•L⁻¹; in the intravenous injection group, the t1/2 of palmatine and jatrorrhizine were (172.18±12.38), (147.26±1.82) min; AUC of palmatine and jatrorrhizine were (2 553.14±214.91), (328.83±10.81) mg•min•L⁻¹. The oral bioavailability of palmatine was 10.98% and jatrorrhizine was 43.90%., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)