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This study aimed to investigate the effect of homemade green ripe period chewing tablets on gastrointestinal function in mice. The free combination of Kunming mice was divided into a blank control group, a positive control group, a model control group, a green ripe period Tuokexun apricot fruit group, a low-dose group of green ripe period Tuokexun apricot chewable tablets, a medium dose group of green ripe period Tuokexun apricot chewable tablets, and a high-dose group of green ripe period Tuokexun apricot chewable tablets. After 7 days of adaptive feeding, loperamide hydrochloride was used in the mouse model of constipation, through studies of gastrointestinal function in mice, the effects of first blue stool time, the number of defecation grains, fecal moisture content, small bowel propulsion rate, colon water content, and gastric emptying rate were obtained. Results showed that there were significant differences in various indicators between the low, medium, and high dose groups of the green ripening stage Tuokexun apricot chewing tablets and the constipation model control group, positive control group, and green ripening stage Tuokexun apricot fruit group. This indicated that the green ripe period Tuokexun apricot chewing tablets could significantly improve the small intestine propulsion rate, shorten the defecation time, increase the number of defecated particles in 6 hours, increase gastric emptying rate, fecal water content, and colon water content in constipation model mice, through deeply studying the laxative mechanism, showing that it could regulate the content of P substance and vasoactive intestinal peptide, promote intestinal peristalsis, and improve constipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of compatibilizer on the nanofibril morphology, vlscoelas;ticity, mechanical properties;, and CFIM behavior of polypropylene (PP)/nylon6 (PA6) composite through a combination of in-ssitu fibrillation (INF) and chemical foam injection molding (CFIM) technologies;. The ressults; indicated that the addition of PP-g-MAH compatibilizer reduced the sSize of PA6 dispersion phasse significantly, and PA6 microfibers were uniformly distributed in the PP matrix with an average diameter of about 265nm. The existence of a microfiber network structure and the synergistic enhancement effect of phasse interface improved the mechanical strength of INF composites; significantly. The tensile sstrength and impact sStrength of the composites; are 26. 2 % and 62 % higher than thosse of pure PP, respectively. Bassed on the CFIM experiment using the sself-made endothermic-exothermic equilibrium chemical foaming agent, the INF composite foam product was; prepared with a cell size of 62 ^m and a cell density of nearly 5 X105 cells/cm3. The ass-prepared ssample obtained a decreasse in the weight by 12 %. Compared to pure PP foam, the composite foam exhibited an increase in the sSpecific tensile sStrength and impact strength by 17 % and 46 %, resspectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are abundant vein quartz mineral resources in the phyllite of the Silurian Meiziya Formation in the Ankang area of the South Qinling Mountains, but the research degree of the vein quartz as the raw material of high-purity quartz is low, especially the lack of systematic understanding of the content of trace impurity elements and their occurrence that affect the purification of quartz state, which greatly restricts the quality evaluation of the high-purity quartz raw material in this area and further exploration breakthrough. On the basis of determining the geological development characteristics of vein quartz, this paper has carried out sample impurity element detection on three vein quartz samples (AK200, AK201, AK202) produced in three regions, studied the mineralogical charac-teristics, impurity occurrence and purification performance of the samples, and then conducted purification experi-ments. The results show that the SiO2 content of the three samples after purification is 99. 993 11%, 99. 997 66% and 99. 998 58%, respectively, all of which reaches the quality of high-purity quartz products, in which the AK202 sample reaches 4N8 level after purification. The results show that after purification, A1, Ti, Na, K are the main impurity elements, and A1 may exist in two ways; impurity minerals and lattice impurities; Ti may exist in the form of lattice impurities; Na and K mostly exist in fluid inclusions. Impurity mineral, fluid inclusion and lattice impurity all have varying degrees of influence on the quality of the vein quartz in this area, among which fluid inclusion is the main influencing factor, lattice impurity is the second, and impurity mineral has the least effect. This conclusion has an important reference significance for evaluating the quality of vein quartz mineral resources in this area and defining the prospecting target in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trifluoropyl methyldimethoxysilane ( TMDS) was used as constitution controller to treat the hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica, and then the treated silica was applied on fluorosilicone rubber. The powder-eating efficiency, physical properties, oil resistance and heat resistance of fluorosilicone rubber were investigated and compared with that of fluorosilicone rubber prepared with dimethyldimethoxysilane. The results show that TMDS can effectively reduce the hydroxyl content on the surface of silica, improve the powder-eating efficiency in kneading. The fluorosilicone rubber exhibits a good mechanical properties and oil resistance, while decreases the heat resistance slightly. With the increase of TMDS in fluorosilicone rubber, the tensile properties of fluorosilicone rubber increases first and then decreases, besides its elongation at break increases, and the compression set decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of ozone stress on photosynthesis, dry matter production, non-structural carbohydrate and yield formation of rice, a free air ozone concentration enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted. A super hybrid rice cultivar Ⅱ-you 084 with 3 spacing levels, low plant density (LD, 16 hills per m2), medium (MD, 24 hills per m2) and high plant density (HD, 32 hills per m-2), was grown in the field at current and elevated ozone concentrations (current×1.5). The results were as follows: Elevated ozone significantly reduced leaf SPAD value of Ⅱ-you 084 by 6%, 11% and 13%, at 63, 77, and 86 days after transplanting, respectively. The declines in leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at filling stage increased significantly on ozone stress over time. Ozone stress decreased dry matter production of rice by 46% from heading stage to plant maturity, thus reduced biomass yield by 25%. Elevated ozone decreased the concentration and accumulation of soluble carbohydrate and starch in stem of Ⅱ-you 084 at jointing, heading and plant maturity, but significantly increased the dry matter transportation rate. No significant interaction was observed between ozone and planting density for photosynthesis, dry matter production and non-structural carbohydrate of rice. The above results indicated that elevated ozone reduced photosynthesis and growth of rice Ⅱ-you 084 at late growth stage, which had no relationship with planting density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications gain more and more attention, which can improve the transmit rate and enhance the energy efficiency of the users. However, D2D communications result in new problems and challenges, since the link resource of cellular users is reused and intracell interference can no longer be neglected. In this work, we study the resource sharing scheme about joint mode selection and uplink reusing allocation combining the positive and negative resource sharing willing of the cellular users, from the perspective of reducing the harmful influence of the interference between the cellular users and D2D pairs and enhancing the energy efficiency of the network. More precisely, we analyze the energy efficiency of the users of two modes in D2D communications. Then, we formulate the energy-efficient resource sharing problem as a nontransferable coalition formation game, with the characteristic function of that accounts for the gains in terms of energy efficiency and the costs in terms of mutual interference. Moreover, we develop a distributed coalition formation algorithm based on the merge-and-split rules and the Pareto order, which is used to get the strategy of the uplink resource sharing. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of our proposed game and model and algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory-scale A²O process treating domestic wastewater was carried out to investigate the influence of amoxicillin on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pharmaceutical park wastewater treatment plant. The removal efficiency of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus had been studied before and after adding amoxicillin to influent. The result revealed that the activity of organism degrading bacteria was significantly inhibited and the average removal efficiency of COD decreased from 86.9% to 79.5% by the impact of amoxicillin (2-5 mg ⋅ L-1). The activity of nitrate bacteria was not inhibited while nitrite bacteria was significantly inhibited that the nitrification activity had been declining. The average removal efficiency of ammonia decreased from 95.5% to 85%. The anaerobic phosphorus release, the denitrification performance and the removal efficiency of total phosphorus and total nitrogen was slightly affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originating from a concern on the cultural characteristics of academic activities, studies on functions of the culture of university academic disciplines have attracted more and more attention and accordingly varied theories have been proposed by the academia such as unitary function theory, triple function theory, quadruple function theory and quintuple function theory. However, problems do exist in that the major evidence for proposing functions of the culture of university academic disciplines calls for clarification, some of the functions require further identification and the interrelationships of the diverse functions need to be carefully tackled as well. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the related studies, this paper, with an aim to paving the way for further studies on the culture and functions of university academic disciplines, comes up with the new quintuple functions--boundary, agglomeration, stipulation, knowledge production and talent cultivation, among which talent cultivation is the core function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a pot experiment, rice plants were shaded during the period from transplanting to booting, aimed to study the effects of early growth stage shading on the rice growth at grain-filling stage. Comparing with the control, early growth stage shading decreased the tiller number by 26.72%, but increased the flag leaf area and soluble sugar content by 33.86% and 30.23%, respectively. The filled-grain number per panicle, 1000-grain mass, ultimate brown rice mass, and maximum and average grain-filling rates decreased by 8.65%, 4.81%, 9.74%, 20.22%, and 19.13%, and the effective panicle number and grain yield declined by 25.26% and 39.56%, respectively. The peak time of grain-filling rate (Tm) advanced 1.66 days, while the grain-filling time (T99) prolonged 6.80 days. For shading-tolerance variety, its flag leaf Chl a, Chl b, and Chl (a+b) contents at early and mid grain-filling stages, and the protein N and soluble sugar contents and Chl a/b in its flag leaves at grain-filling stage all increased under early growth stage shading, and the ultimate brown rice mass and 1000-grain mass maintained at the similar levels as the control. Consequently, its grain yield reduction rate was lower than that of shading-sensitive variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of high ozone concentration on spikelet formation of hybrid rice cultivars, an experiment using a unique free air ozone concentration enrichment (ozone-FACE) system was conducted in 2007. Two hybrid rice cultivars, Shanyou 63 (SY63) and Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ), were grown at ambient and elevated (target at 50% above ambient) ozone concentration. The results showed that compared with ambient ozone concentration, elevated ozone reduced the spikelet number per panicle by 28 and 34 (relative decrease of 15% and 13%) for SY63 and LYPJ, respectively. This reduction in spikelet number per panicle was mainly contributed to the significant decrease in spikelet number on secondary branches (SB), while only minor response was detected for the spikelet number on primary branches (PB), resulting in an increase in percentage of primary branch spikelets and a decrease in percentage of secondary branch spikelets under ozone exposure. In terms of spikelet formation, the large ozone-induced reduction in spikelet number per panicle of the two hybrid cultivars was entirely due to the suppression of spikelet differentiation per panicle (especially that on SB), while the degenerated spikelets per panicle decreased rather than increased under ozone exposure. It was suggested that corresponding measures should be adopted to mitigate the detrimental effects of ozone on the spikelet differentiation to minimize yield loss under increasing surface ozone concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse prediction and molecular docking techniques were employed to evaluate the feasibility of reniformin A(RA) as an anti-tumor leading compound. Based on the reverse prediction, network pharmacology was used to construct a "disease-compound-target-pathway" network. Thirty-nine tumor-related targets of RA were predicted, which participated in the regulation of multiple cellular activities such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and tumor metastasis, and regulated estrogen signal transduction and inflammatory response. Discovery Studio 2020 was adopted for molecular docking and toxicity prediction(TOPKAT). As revealed by the results, the binding affinity of RA with the tumor-related targets ABL1, ESR1, SRC and BCL-XL was stronger than that of oridonin(OD), while its mutagenicity, rodent carcinogenesis, and oral LD_(50) in rats were all inferior to that of OD. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed to confirm the anti-tumor activity of RA, and the mechanism was preliminarily discussed. The results demonstrated that RA was superior to OD in cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell colony formation, and induction of apoptosis. RA, possessing potent anti-tumor activity, is expected to be a new anti-tumor leading compound.

Purpose: To determine the age medians for crown and root length completion stages of permanent teeth (except for the third molars) and to study gender differences in crown and root length completion stages by radiographic examinations., Methods: The development of permanent teeth (except for the third molars) was evaluated from 3304 panoramic radiographs of children aged between 3 and 18 years by Haavikko's method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software package. Age medians for crown and root length completion stages of permanent teeth were calculated. Gender differences were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test., Results: There were no significant gender differences in crown completion stages of central incisor and first molar, of which P values were 0.143 (for maxillary central incisor), 0.122 (for maxillary first molar), 0.191 (for mandibular central incisor) and 0.558 (for mandibular first molar), while girls were found to be ahead of boys for crown completion stages of other teeth. In maxilla, girls were found to be ahead of boys for root length completion stages except for lateral incisor, second premolar and second molar, of which P values were 0.057, 0.130 and 0.294; in mandible, except for second premolar and second molar, girls were observed to be ahead of boys for root length completion stages, of which P values were 0.428 and 0.057., Conclusions: It is concluded that girls are advanced than boys for crown and root length completion stages in most teeth. There is a similarity in gender differences for crown and root length completion stages between maxilla and mandible.

The increase of ground-level ozone concentration significantly reduces rice yield, but its effect on grain quality in association with the positions on a panicle was largely unknown. The effects of ozone stress on amylose content and RVA profile of rice grains located at different positions of panicles were studied by using a sunlit gas fumigation platform. Eight varieties representing different types of rice were fumigated under ambient (9 nL·L -1 ) or elevated ozone (100 nL·L -1 ) concentrations from transplanting until maturity. The results showed that elevated ozone treatment significantly reduced amylose content, maximum viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown and cold viscosity by 5.9%, 7.6%, 5.9%, 11.6%, 2.9%, respectively, but increased the setback and gelatinization temperature by 24.9% and 1.0%. There were significant differences among varieties for amylose content and all parameters in RVA profile. The grains located at different positions on a panicle differed in amylose content, maximum viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown and cold viscosity. The superior grains located at the upper part of a panicle had the highest value and the inferior grains located at the lower part of a panicle had the lowest value. However, the setback in RVA profile showed a different trend, with the superior grains having the lowest setback but inferior grains having the highest setback. In most cases, there were significant interactive effects of ozone by year or ozone by variety on amylose content and RVA profile. No significant ozone by grain position interaction on RVA profile was found, although the responses of superior grains to ozone stress was slightly smaller than those of inferior grains or grains located at the middle part of a panicle. The results demonstrated that ozone fumigation of 100 nL·L -1 during rice growing season deteriorated rice quality, with the magnitude of deterioration varying with growth seasons and varieties and little impacts of grain positions on a panicle.

The rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration affects spikelets development, grain filling process, and rice quality. However, it is unclear that whether such effects are related to grain positions on rice panicle. By using a rice FACE (Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment) platform, we grew a japoni-ca rice cultivar Wuyunjing 23, characterized with high yield and good quality, under ambient (Ambient) and elevated CO 2 concentrations (+200 μmol·mol -1 , FACE). The effects of increased CO 2 concentration on spikelet density, grain filling capacity, the appearance and eating quality of rice grains were examined and the association of such effects with grain positions on rice panicle were investigated. The results showed that CO 2 enrichment increased grain yield of Wuyunjing 23 by 18.3%. The panicle number per unit land area and filled-grain weight increased by 21.4% and 9.4%, respectively; whereas the number of spikelets per panicle and filled-grain percentage decreased by 9.0% and 2.2%, respectively. The decreased filled-grain percentage of rice grown under FACE treatment was mainly related to the increases of empty-grain percentage in all parts of rice panicle. The decrease of rice spikelets number per panicle by FACE treatment was mainly due to the substantial decrease of surviving spikelets of secondary branches in upper and middle parts of rice panicles instead of other positions. The CO 2 -induced changes of filled-grain weight and filled-grain percentage were similar among grains located at different positions on rice panicle. FACE treatment reduced the green grain rate and increased the grain length and width, with the grains at different positions on rice papnicle showing similar responses. FACE significantly increased chalky grain percentage by 59% and chalkiness degree by 55%, with the increases for both parameters following the order of primary branches＞secondary branches and upper part＞middle part＞lower part. FACE treatment slightly increased amylose content while decreased peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and setback, but most of these effects were nonsignificant. The gelatinization temperature of rice also reduced by 5% under FACE, and the decrease of inferior spikelets was greater than that of superior spikelets. In summary, the yield increase of Wuyunjing 23 under high CO 2 concentration was mainly related to the increases of panicle number and individual grain weight, while the panicle size was reduced. Elevated CO 2 concentration reduced green grain percentage but increased grain chalkiness, and had little effect on cooking and eating quality. The grain positions on rice panicle affected the responses of spikelets development, grain filling capacity and grain quality of rice to elevated CO 2 concentration, but the effects varied across different indices.

Objective: To develop a PCR method for Entamoeba histolytica （ E.histolytica ) detection in fecal specimens, and to compare the performance of PCR to that of microscopy and ELISA., Methods: Two pairs of self-designed primers and 2 pairs of primers from references based on small subunit ribosome RNA (SSU rRNA) fragment of E. histolytica standard strain were synthetized. DNA from E. histolytica reference strain were amilified by the conventional PCR using the 4 pairs of primers. 221 stool samples from diarrhea patients were collected and detected for E. histolytica by three methods: Entamoeba trophozoites and cysts detection by microscopy, E. histolytica -specific antigen detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit ( E. HISTOLYTICA II), amplification of SSU rRNA fragment of E. histolytica by PCR method. Positive rate of three methods were compared by chi-square test, and Kappa test was applied to determine the concordance among the three methods., Results: Specific fragments of E. histolytica were amplified by the PCR method we developed in this study. Positive rates of PCR, microscopy and ELISA were 2.26%, 0.90% and 9.50%, respectively. The positive rates of the three methods were significantly different ( χ 2 =23.34, P <0.01). The Kappa value of PCR and microscopy was 0.216, and that of PCR and ELISA method was -0.134, both of which showed a weak consistency. PCR results showed best consistency with clinical diagnosis., Conclusion: The PCR method we established in this study has a better performance in accuracy than microscopy and ELISA have in laboratory diagnosis of E. histolytica infection., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To explore the expression level of insulin-like growth facter (IGF-IR) in CD34 + cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)., Methods: Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of IGF-IR in the CD34 + cells of 100 MDS patients and 18 normal controls., Results: The average IGF-IR expression level in the CD34 + cells of 100 MDS patients (41.0±28.1)% was statistically and significantly elevated in comparison with the corresponding level in normal controls(4.3±1.8)%,(P<0.0001). The average expression level of 22 cases in high-risk groups was very significantly increased, compared with that in 78 cases of low-risk groups[(66.5±27.8)% vs (34.5%±24.9)%](P<0.0001), and the average expression level in 23 patients with chromosome abnormality was very significantly increased in comparison with that in rest 77 patients [(56.0±30.9)% vs (36.9%±26.2)%](P<0.01)., Conclusion: The over-expression of IGF-IR in CD34 + cells of MDS patients suggests that the IGF-IR may involve in the origin, occurrence and progress. The average IGF-IR expression level is markedly elevated in high-risk groups and the patients who showed chromosome abnormality, this trend revealed that IGF-IR correlates with malignant clonal proliferation in MDS patients, thus providing a basis for their prognosis and outcome evaluation.

Recent research progress in the impact of abiotic stress on florets sterility was summarized in this review to reveal key processes in determining the floret sterility resulted from abiotic stress and their coherent connections. The spikelet fertility was mainly determined by four key processes, including behavior of tapetum, anther dehiscence and pollen release, pollen germination and fertilization. Abiotic stress affected these processes and led to the spikelet sterility. Abnormal changes at the early-stage of anther growth could impact the development of germ cell and fertilization. Damages of floret fertility caused by abiotic stress could be mitigated via some practices such as spraying exogenous plant growth substances or silicon fertilizer. Some research topics were suggested for future investigation, including the interactions of multiple stress factors on fertility, morphological and physiological effects on floral organ formation, differential responses of rice varieties to abiotic stress, and molecular mechanism of abiotic stress on floral organ development.

Objectives: To determine the correlations between AML1-ETO fusion gene and clinical characteristics of patients with AML,and its association with the prognosis of AML-M2., Methods: Medical records of 94 AML-M2 cases with positive AML1-ETO fusion gene and 51 AML-M2 cases with negative AML1-ETO gene were retrospective reviewed.Their clinical characteristics,treatment responses and prognostic outcomes were compared., Results: No significant differences in the clinical symptoms,predominantly anemia,fever and hemorrhage,were found between the AML1-ETO fusion gene positive and negative AML-M2 ( P >0.05).However,lower levels of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT),and higher levels of ratio of grain to red,percentage of bone marrow granulocyte (NC),CD34,human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR),CD56 and CD19 were found in those with positive AML1-ETO fusion gene ( P <0.05).The efficacy of treatments and survival curves showed no significant differences between the two groups ( P >0.05).CD56 and original percentage of bone marrow granulocyte were predictors of poor long-term survival.Complete remission was the only predictor of better long-term survival., Conclusions: AML1-ETO fusion gene is neither associated with clinical symptoms,nor with survival and long term prognosis in Sichuan.As many factors affect the efficacy of treatments and prognosis of AML-M2,stratified analysis is needed to determine the role of AML1-ETO .

In order to investigate the effects of ozone stress on photosynthesis, dry matter production, non-structural carbohydrate and yield formation of rice, a free air ozone concentration enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted. A super hybrid rice cultivar II-you 084 with 3 spacing levels, low plant density (LD, 16 hills per m2), medium (MD, 24 hills per m2) and high plant density (HD, 32 hills per m2), was grown in the field at current and elevated ozone concentrations (current × 1.5). The results were as follows: Elevated ozone significantly reduced leaf SPAD value of UI-you 084 by 6%, 11% and 13%, at 63, 77, and 86 days after transplanting, respectively. The declines in leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at filling stage increased significantly on ozone stress over time. Ozone stress decreased dry matter production of rice by 46% from heading stage to plant maturity, thus reduced biomass yield by 25%. Elevated ozone decreased the concentration and accumulation of soluble carbohydrate and starch in stem of II-you 084 at jointing, heading and plant maturity, but significantly increased the dry matter transportation rate. No significant interaction was observed between ozone and planting density for photosynthesis, dry matter production and non-structural carbohydrate of rice. The above results indicated that elevated ozone reduced photosynthesis and growth of rice II-you 084 at late growth stage, which had no relationship with planting density.

In order to meet the requirements of ultrasound bone density measurement, we proposed a software solution to improve the accuracy and speed of measurement of bone mineral density of the ultrasound bone densitometer. We used a high-speed USB interface chip FT232H, along with a high-speed AD converter chip to calculate speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA ) and other bone density parameters in the PC software. This solution improved the accuracy of the measurement data, reduced the measurement time and increased the quality of the displayed image. It is well concluded that the new software can greatly improve the accuracy and transmission speed of bone density measurement data through a high-speed USB interface and a software data processing technology.

By stratified cluster sampling method, 2 urban and 2 rural fields were selected from Shapingha district of Chongqing for survey in December 2009 to February 2010. According to the Administrating Regulations of National Investigation on Important Human Parasitic Diseases, Kato-Katz method was used to examine human intestinal soil-borne nematode eggs, and adhesive cellophane anal swab method was applied to examine Enterobius infection for children under 12 years old. 203 cases were found positive in 2121 subjects, with an infection rate of 9.6% (203/2 121), and the infection rate of hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura with mild infection mostly was 9.3% (197/2 121), 0.4% (8/2 121) and 0.1% (2/2 121), respectively. The rate among people over 50 years old was 15.5% (160/1 030), and the farmers was with 22.3%(113/506). The higher the education level, the lower the infection rate (P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence between urban (2.1%) and rural people (17.3%) (chi2 = 140.443 5, P < 0.01). The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes in Shapingba of Chongqing was much lower than the standard of II regions and most infected subjects were with hookworm infection.

Objective: To investigate phenotype, cell differentiation and cytogenetic properties of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) separated from the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. And to analyze cytogenetic aberration of MSC derived from MDS (MDS-MSC) and its mechanism in pathogenesis of MDS., Methods: Adherent MSC from both myelodysplastic (n = 22) and normal (n = 7) marrow were obtained by a stromal culture procedure. Morphological features were observed by optical microscope. The cell-surface antigens were performed by flow cytometer(FCM). Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of MSC were identified under specific induction conditions. Standard cytogenetic analysis of both hematopoietic cells and MSC were performed by trypsin-Giemsa (GTG) banding. The karyotype analysis DNA content was determined by FCM to verify the results., Results: The morphology of MDS-MSC was typical slender spindle-shaped cells, MSC obtained from MDS patients had a MSC immunophenotype, lacked the expression of hematopoietic antigens-CD34, CD45 and expressed MSC markers, such as CD73, CD90, and CD105. MDS-MSC layers showed the capability to differentiate towards adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Cytogenetic aberrations were observed in MSC from 14 (64%) MDS patients, usually involve the loss of chromosomal material (92%), and the clonal loss (7 cases, 50%). Two cases of structural aberrations were also detected. Abnormal karyotypes in MSC were still more frequently identified in abnormal hematopoietic cells group (12 out of 13, 92% vs 3 out of 9, 33%, P < 0.05). There were not exactly the same type of chromosomal aberrations between hematopoietic cells and MSC, but different type of the aberrations in the same chromosome were involved., Conclusion: MDS-MSC retains the phenotyping characteristics and differentiated function of normal MSC, but has different type of chromosomal abnormalities. A high proportion of loss of chromosomal may be a marker of chromosomal instability of MDS-MSC. Detection of abnormalities in MDS-MSC suggests enhanced genetic susceptibility of these cells in MDS. This may indicate potential involvement of MSC in the pathophysiology of MDS.

This study was aimed to explore the significance of the bone marrow biopsy for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Bone marrow smears and bone marrow biopsy originated from 279 cases of multiple myeloma were detected and compared in term of bone marrow hyperplasia, bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, proliferation mode, pathological changes in the bone marrow stroma and myelofibrosis. The results indicated that the levels of proliferation in bone marrow biopsy was significantly higher than that in bone marrow smears. Plasma cell proliferation mode in bone marrow biopsy was not completely consistent with the proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow smears. The myelofibrosis level displayed influence on the consistency of the proliferation between bone marrow smears and biopsies. It is concluded that as compared with bone marrow smears the bone marrow biopsy can more accurately reflect the levels of bone marrow hyperplasia and bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, proliferation mode and so on. Bone marrow biopsy is valuable for multiple myeloma diagnosis.

Monosomic karyotype (MK) has recently been associated with poor prognosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of autosomal monosomies in an unselected cohort of patients with known or suspected MDS by using retrospective analysis. The results showed that bone marrow cytogenetic studies (1532 cases) were performed between 2004 and 2012, and an abnormal karyotype was found in 538 cases (35.1%). In the 538 cases, 202 (37.5%) cases had autosomal monosomies including sole (n = 47, 23.3%), part of two (n = 33, 21.3%) or more (n = 122, 78.7%) anomalies. Almost all 22 autosomes were involved, but monosomy 7 was by far the most frequent, constituting 66.1% of all isolated monosomies and the highest fraction of those with two or more abnormalities. Other recurrent sole monosomies included chromosomes 20 (15.0%) and 13 (8.5%). Monosomy 13 (12.5%), 18 (8.3%), 20 (6.3%), 17 (7.3%), 21 (5.2%), 5 (5.2%) and 12 (5.2%) were also recurrent in the setting of 3 abnormalities. Bone marrow histology and clinical information were reviewed in all cases with isolated monosomy; associated clinical phenotypes were found in RCMD (n = 20, 13 were -7), RAEB (n = 12, 11 were -7), RA (n = 9, 3 were -7) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML, n = 6, 4 were -7) cases. Sole monosomy 20 (n = 7, RA 3 case and RCMD 4 cases) was not detected in RAEB or CMML cases. It is concluded that the presence of at least 1 autosomal monosomy was documented in approximately 37.5% of all abnormal cases, which has potential impact on a more than trivial fraction of patients with MDS. The preponderance of monosomy 7 implicates a pathogenetic role for haploinsufficiency of genes associated with chromosome 7. The rarity of sole monosomy involving other chromosomes other than 7, 20, and 13 suggests that haploinsufficiency involving entire chromosomes is detrimental to cell survival, unless their effect is overcome by the presence of other genetic changes that are often associated with additional chromosomal abnormalities. The observation is consistent with the usually favorable prognostic profile associated with sole monosomy 20.

Effects of different concentrations of Cu2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ combined pollution on the removal performance of COD in activated sludge system were investigated, and the ToxTell biosensor with activated sludge was constructed to determine the toxicity of Cu2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ combined pollution. The results showed that there was no significant impact on the activated sludge process when Cu2+ concentration was lower than 10 mg x L(-1), and the addition of Cd2+ enhanced the inhibition of COD removal, and the maximum inhibition efficiency of COD reached at about 1.5 h. With the increase of aeration time, the COD removal efficiency increased slowly again. The toxicity measurement with ToxTell biosensor was close to the biological effects (inhibition efficiencies of COD), which showed that the ToxTell biosensor could be used well in the early warming determination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in the activated sludge process.

Objective: To probe the expression level of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in malignant clone cells of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)., Method: The combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunochemistry (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase, APAAP) was used to detect the expression of IGF-IR in the bone marrow cells of 40 MDS patients with abnormal karyotypes., Results: The average IGF-IR expression level on the clone cells \[(84.5 ± 14.2)%\] from the MDS cases was markedly elevated compared to the corresponding level on normal cells \[(11.4 ± 12.1)%\]. And the percentages of malignant clone cells in all 40 MDS cases were significantly correlated with the relevant percentages of IGF-IR positive nucleated cells (r = 0.929, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: IGF-IR might be taken as a marker of clone cells in MDS for its trait to malignant proliferation.

Based on the phase and composition analysis of 56 batches of samples, the present paper showed that hydrozincite, just as smithsonite, should be named as the mineralogical origin of medicinal galamina. Galamina was proved to be polymineral aggregation by electron probe micro-analysis, which was constituted by various mineral particulates, such as hydrozincite, smithsonite, zinc oxide, dolomite, etc. It is hydrozincite but not smithsonite that is the current mainstream mineral of commercial galamina. Both hydrozincite and smithsonite should be calcined to turn into zinc oxide when they were used as medicine. As a provider of medical galamina, essentially the zinc oxide, hydrozincite is appropriate.

This study was aimed to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of hematopoietic cells (HC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stoma cells (BMMSC) isolated from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and healthy individuals as normal controls, and to clarify whether HC and BMMSC are simultaneously involved and participate in pathogenesis and development of MDS. Both marrows of 22 newly diagnosed patients with MDS and 7 healthy individuals were collected; BMMSC were isolated and amplified by using established culture system, as well as were identified according to morphologic features and surface antigens detected by flow cytometry; the characteristics of BMMSC from MDS patients were analyzed; the BMMSC karyotyping analysis of MDS patients was performed by banding of HC and BMMSC with pancreatin-Giemsa technique (GTG) and in accordance with ISCN (2005) requirements; the cytogenetic characteristics of HC and BMMSC were compared. The results showed that in vitro culture system for isolation and amplification was successfully established. The light microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that BMMSC possessed characteristics showing long and thin spindle form and expressing CD29, CD73, CD90 antigens, and unexpressing CD34, CD45 antigens. In BMMSC of 14 MDS patients (64%), the cytogenetic abnormalities were found usually involving the loss of chromosomal material (92%), among which clonal loss was observed in 7 cases (50%). The detection indicated a random loss of chromosomal material in significant proportion of BMMSC. A high proportion of chromosomal material random loss may be a marker of chromosomal instability in BMMSC of MDS patients, the detection also showed that completely consistent aberration types did not exist between HC and BMMSC. The aberrations were observed in 3 cases of MDS with normal karyotype of HC, its aberration rate (33%) was obviously lower than that in MDS patients with abnormal karyotypes (92%). It is concluded that the cytogenetic abnormalities exist in BMMSC of MDS patients, the unbalanced aberration of chromosomal materials may be a genetic instability marker of BMMSC. The difference of aberration types in BMMSC from HC suggests that genetic susceptibility of BMMSC and HC is similar, but no completely identical, which indicates the potential involvement of BMMSC in pathogenesis of MDS. Studying this potential role of BMMSC can be helpful to further understanding of MDS biological characteristics and provide the new approaches for diagnosis and therapy of MDS.

Objective: To observe that antiretroviral efficacy, immune reconstitution of four-year highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and evaluate its side effect in Chinese HIV-1-infected patients., Methods: A total of 258 HIV-1 infected patients, given HAART regimens composed of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for mean 51.5 months, measured HIV RNA viral load (VL) and the counts of CD(4)(+) T cell, CD(8)(+) T cell at the baseline and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after HAART initiation, respectively, monitoring side effect, blood routine, main biochemical parameters, and other disadvantageous accidents during the 51.5-month treatment., Results: Plasma HIV-1 RNA level was determined by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reactions (FQ-PCR) at the baseline and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after starting HAART, and showed 5.27, 2.97, 2.74, 2.62, 2.67 and 2.75 lg (copies/ml), respectively. The counts of CD(4)(+) T cell from (127 ± 63) cells/µl at the baseline increased to (190 ± 115), (248 ± 93), (269 ± 127), (296 ± 156) and (317 ± 195) cells/µl at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after starting HAART. A total of 149 treated patients (57.8%)had gastrointestinal side effects, peripheral polyneuropathy, various rashes, central nervous system disorders, fever or baldness. Twenty-two patients changed one of three medicines to another because toxicity. Sixteen changed the regimen to the second line HAART for lactic acidosis or other serious toxicities., Conclusions: A total of 258 HIV-1 infected Chinese patients treated with two NRTI and one NNRTI as first line HAART regimen during mean 51.5 months, showed a good antiretroviral efficacy and immune reconstitution, but a few side-effects at the parts of patients. It is necessary to treat adverse effect and change HAART regimen for severe toxicity in time.

Objective: To investigate the expression of Abi1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the correlation between its expression level and clinical pathological characteristics as well as prognosis of HCC., Methods: Abi1 expression was determined at both mRNA and protein levels in 40 HCC tissues and their corresponding para carcinomatous liver tissues by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The correlations between Abi1 expression levels and pathological characteristics as well as prognosis were also analyzed., Results: The expression level of Abi1 mRNA in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding para carcinomatous liver tissue (P < 0.05), and the expression level of Abi1 mRNA in nodular HCC tissues were also significantly higher than those in solitary large HCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry results showed that Abi1 protein located in cytoplasm of HCC cells and the expression level of Abi1 protein were significant positive correlated with the number of HCC, capsular formation, venous invasion and Edmondson-Steiner grade (P < 0.05). Combined with follow-up data, the results also showed that HCC patients with high Abi1 protein expression had a higher risk of invasion/metastasis and a shorter survival than those with low Abi1 protein expression (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Expression level of Abi1 is up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with corresponding para carcinomatous liver tissue and the expression level of Abi1 is significantly correlated with the number of tumor, capsular formation, venous invasion, Edmondson-Steiner grade and prognosis of HCC.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between UNC5b gene expression and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: In situ hybridization was performed to detect the expression of UNC5b mRNA in HCC samples, paracarcinomatous liver tissues samples and normal liver samples. The relationship between UNC5b mRNA expression and the HCC clinicopathological features were also analyzed. Human umbilical artery endothelial cells were isolated and stimulated with HCC tissues homogenate, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Then RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of UNC5b mRNA in normal HUAEC as well as activated HUAEC., Results: In situ hybridization results showed that UNC5b mRNA expression was detected majorly in endothelial cells of all normal liver tissues, and partial PCLTs but was weak or even undetectable in endothelial cells of the corresponding HCC tissues. The expression levels of UNC5b gene in PCLTs were significantly correlated with capsular formation of HCC. Furthermore, RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of UNC5b mRNA in activated HUAEC were significantly higher than those in normal HUAEC., Conclusions: Down-regulation of UNC5b gene expression is related to angiogenesis of HCC, which may be associated with the progression of HCC.

In a pot experiment, rice plants were shaded during the period from transplanting to booting, aimed to study the effects of early growth stage shading on the rice growth at grain-filling stage. Comparing with the control, early growth stage shading decreased the tiller number by 26.72%, but increased the flag leaf area and soluble sugar content by 33.86% and 30.23%, respectively. The filled-grain number per panicle, 1000-grain mass, ultimate brown rice mass, and maximum and average grain-filling rates decreased by 8.65%, 4.81%, 9.74%, 20.22%, and 19.13%, and the effective panicle number and grain yield declined by 25.26% and 39.56%, respectively. The peak time of grain-filling rate (Tm) advanced 1.66 days, while the grain-filling time (T99) prolonged 6.80 days. For shading-tolerance variety, its flag leaf Chl a, Chl b, and Chl (a + b) contents at early and mid grain-filling stages, and the protein N and soluble sugar contents and Chl a/b in its flag leaves at grain-filling stage all increased under early growth stage shading, and the ultimate brown rice mass and 1000-grain mass maintained at the similar levels as the control. Consequently, its grain yield reduction rate was lower than that of shading-sensitive variety.

Objective: A drawback of the expression of single chain antibody fragment (scFv) in prokaryotic system is the protein accumulation in the cytoplasm as inclusion body. We aimed at high-level production of an anti-aflatoxin B1 scFv in functional form., Methods: The gene of scFv-H4 was cloned into pET22b vector and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) and Origami (DE3),respectively. The amount of functional scFv-H4 was optimized in terms of IPTG concentration and induction temperature., Results: scFv-H4 could be expressed in both BL21(DE3) and Origami (DE3). Compared with BL21(DE3), Origami(DE3) could express multifunctional scFv-H4 (35 mg/mL) and less in inclusion body (11% of the total expression). The expression of scFv-H4 was significantly affected by induction temperature rather than IPTG concentration., Conclusion: The pET22b could be used for high-level expression of the functional scFv-H4 in Origami (DE3), which has an oxidative cytoplasm. In addition,the induction at low temperature avoided the formation of inclusion body.

Objective: To explore the role SMYD3 and histone methylation in the carcinogenesis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: HBx expressing plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cell, the localization of HBx and SMYD3 was detected by immunofluorescence, SMYD3 mRNA and protein were checked by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry., Results: After HBx transfection, HBx and SMYD3 protein were mainly localized in nucleus. HBx protein enhanced SMYD3 mRNA and SMYD3 expressions in HepG2. After HBx transfection, apoptosis of HepG2 was decreased, and cell proliferation was increased., Conclusions: HBx may induce the expression of histone methyltransferase SMYD3, which in turn stimulates cell proliferation and blocks apoptosis.

To investigate the effects of high ozone concentration on spikelet formation of hybrid rice cultivars, an experiment using a unique free air ozone concentration enrichment (ozone-FACE) system was conducted in 2007. Two hybrid rice cultivars, Shanyou 63 (SY63) and Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ), were grown at ambient and elevated (target at 50% above ambient) ozone concentration. The results showed that compared with ambient ozone concentration, elevated ozone reduced the spikelet number per panicle by 28 and 34 (relative decrease of 15% and 13%) for SY63 and LYPJ, respectively. This reduction in spikelet number per panicle was mainly contributed to the significant decrease in spikelet number on secondary branches (SB), while only minor response was detected for the spikelet number on primary branches (PB), resulting in an increase in percentage of primary branch spikelets and a decrease in percentage of secondary branch spikelets under ozone exposure. In terms of spikelet formation, the large ozone-induced reduction in spikelet number per panicle of the two hybrid cultivars was entirely due to the suppression of spikelet differentiation per panicle (especially that on SB), while the degenerated spikelets per panicle decreased rather than increased under ozone exposure. It was suggested that corresponding measures should be adopted to mitigate the detrimental effects of ozone on the spikelet differentiation to minimize yield loss under increasing surface ozone concentration.

This study was purposed to detect the expressions of CD271, CD133 and CD34, and to analyze the correlation of CD271 with CD133 and CD133 with CD34 expressions. The human bone marrow cells (BMCs) and mononucleated cells (MNCs) were detected by flow cytometry with CD45-PerCP, CD271-FITC, CD133-PE and CD34-FITC labelling according to different combinations of design, cells were located and selected repeatedly by FSC, SSC and CD45 after acquirement, then the expressions of CD271, CD133 and CD34 were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the expressions of CD271, CD133 and CD34 in BMCs were 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.43% respectively, while their expressions were 0.49%, 0.47% and 1.07% respectively after isolation of MNCs. The co-expressions of CD271(+)CD133(+) before and after isolation of MNCs were (0.02 +/- 0.01)% and (0.03 +/- 0.02)% respectively. The co-expression of CD133(+) and CD34(+) before and after isolation of MNCs were (0.18 +/- 0.11)% and (0.42 +/- 0.23)% respectively (p < 0.01); meanwhile about 90% of cells with CD133(+) expressed CD34 and 40% of cells with CD34(+) expressed CD133. It is concluded that the established method of detection using flow cytometry with three color fluorescence labelling can be used to detect expression of CD271, CD133 and CD34 in BMCs. The cells with CD271 are different from cells with CD133 and CD34, which suggests that the CD271 may be of important role in evaluating and guiding the clinical application of BM MSCs.

Objective: To screen and identify anti- Aflatoxin B1 single chain antibodies (scFv) from Tomlinson (I) library., Methods: The phages absorbed on the ELISA plate were eluted by four methods including glycine buffer elution, trypsin elution, AFB1 competitive elution and competitive elution following trypsin treatment. The phage positive clones were transformed into Escherichia coli HB2151 and soluble scFv protein was expressed with the induction of Isopropyl beta-D-1-Thiogalavtopy ranoside (IPTG). The scFv was identified by ELISA and DNA sequence., Results: Comparing the four methods, we found that the most efficient way to get positive clones was competitive elution following trypsin treatment. Obtainning two positive clones that could bind specifically with free AFB1, which their relative affinity were 0.4 microg/mL and 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. DNA sequencing results showed that the scFv belonged to human immunoglobulin variable region., Conclusion: The specific human scFv could be obtained with phage antibody library, and our method provided an alternative for screening recombinant antibody against anti-hapten.

Metallothioneins (MTs) was characterized by its low molecular weight (6 to 7 kDa), high metal content, high content of conserved cysteine(Cys) residues and absence of aromatic amino acids. In mammals there are four isoforms (MT-I-IV), MT-IV was expressed exclusively in stratified squamous epithelia. In this study, according to other animal MT-IV gene sequence from GenBank, a pair of special primers (MT-IVSP1 and MT-IVSP2) were designed for cloning the coding sequence of MT-IV from rumen organ in both sheep and goat. The MT-IV coding sequence in goat and sheep were 189bp, and be submitted to GenBank under Accession Numbers EF470251 and EF624067, respectively. Both goat and sheep MT-IV gene coded 62 AAs, including 20 Cys residues in sheep, 19 Cys residues in goat, the 61st conserved Cys was replaced by Trp in goat. MT-IV in goat and sheep both have characteristic Cys-x-Cys, Cys-x-y-Cys, and Cys-Cys sequences of MTs , where x and y were non-cysteine amino acids, no aromatic AAs, no cross membrane area, and no signal peptide, these information showed MT-IV in goat and sheep was a cytoplasmic protein. The second structure of MT-IV was coil, except sheet structure in 7-9 AAs and 49-51AAs. The 3 dimension structure was composed by a-and b-domain, the beta-domain structure was same between sheep and goat, and same with other species, but a- domain structure in goat was difference with sheep and other species, because it less one Cys in goat than other animals,the structure change maybe alter the biological function, it is necessary to study further.

Objective: To study the effect of inactivated and un-inactivated pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Chinese herbs Qianggubao decoction on the proliferation of osteoblast cells (OB)cultured in vitro., Methods: OB was isolated from the skull of newly born SD rats aged 1 to 2 days by means of Trypsin-collagenase digestion and identified by image analysis under inverted microscope, V-G collagen staining, ALP staining, calcification nod staining etc. After the OB was identified, in activated and un-inactivated pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Qianggubao decoction of ferent phase (rats were fed with medicine 3 days or 5 days after last fed with medicine 1 hour or 3 hours) and concentration (5%, 10%, 20%) were added to the OB and incubated. After determined times, the effects of the proliferation of osteoblasts were detected by MTT analysis., Results: There was significant difference between un-inactivated pharmaco-serum and inactivated pharmaco-serum on the proliferation of osteoblasts, and un-inactivated serum had stronger effects to improve the proliferation of osteoblasts (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Un-inactivated and inactivation pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Chinese herbs Qianggubao decoction can influence the proliferation of, and the un-inactivated pharmaco-serum has stronger effects.