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Background and purpose: Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) plays an important role in the development of distant metastasis and drug resistance of tumors, and it is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and plasma of breast cancer patients. However, the dynamic changes of its expression level in neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for breast cancer and its relationship with relevant clinicopathological features have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of dynamic changes of plasma long lncRNA H19 in NAT for different molecular types of breast cancer. Methods: Forty-five breast cancer patients undergoing NAT were prospectively selected from January 2021 to December 2021 in the Department of Gynecology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology. The corresponding treatment plan and cycle were selected for all cases according to their pathological types and general conditions. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was used to dynamically detect the expression levels and changes of lncRNA H19 in peripheral blood before NAT, after treatment with NAT for 2, 4 and 6 cycles, and after surgery. The differences and dynamic changes of lncRNA H19 expression levels in different periods of NAT and different molecular types of breast cancer were compared and analyzed, and the efficacy of NAT was evaluated according to pathological features after surgery. Results: LncRNA H19 expression was detected in peripheral blood plasma of 45 breast cancer patients treated with NAT. Among them, 20 patients (44.4%) achieved pathological complete response (pCR), 25 patients (55.6%) did not achieve pCR, and the level of H19 before NAT in patients who achieved pCR was significantly higher compared with non-pCR patients (P0.05), while H19 expression level in TNBC patients was significantly lower compared with patients with hormone receptor-positive type (P0.05), and there were significant differences in tumor residual load and lncRNA H19 expression after NAT (P