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The global wind energy industry is expected to expand in the context of carbon neutralization. Meanwhile, with the continuous improvement in carbon reduction tools such as carbon market and carbon tariffs, the carbon footprint of renewable energy may impact the cost and development of wind power in the future. Taking China, Europe, and the United States as the research object, this study constructs the lifecycle evaluation process and list of onshore wind power systems, conducts parameter comparison regarding the carbon footprint of onshore wind power in relevant regions, and summarizes the change trends. Moreover, it analyzes the cause of the trend and clarifies the influencing factors. The results indicate that the carbon footprint of onshore wind power shows a downward trend in the aforementioned regions from 2011 to 2022 owing to the large-scale wind turbines, improved generation efficiency, and cleanliness of industrial production. Specifically, the average decrease in China, Europe, and the United States was 49.2%, 46.2%, and 20.8%, respectively, and the decrease was concentrated in the equipment production stage. China has reduced its carbon footprint to a level close to Europe, and its gap with the United States has been reduced to 3.63 g/kW·h. However, China still lags behind Europe and the United States in terms of industrial production cleanliness and fan capacity factor, respectively. In the process of promoting industrial development, China should further promote the power generation efficiency of its wind power system, improve the cleanliness of industrial production, and support the recycling of decommissioned wind power systems, so as to steadily reduce the carbon footprints within the lifecycle of onshore wind power systems.

In response to the global climate crisis, some countries and regions have established green trade “carbon barriers” that leverage their advantages in carbon emissions accounting and certification to curtail exports of Chinese products. Facing these emerging challenges, China needs to refine its carbon accounting system to contribute to an equitable and cooperative global climate governance and trade system. This study aims to improve China’s carbon accounting system. It summarizes the essence and construction progress of the carbon accounting system, introduces the accounting and reporting requirements of international green trade mechanisms, and employs comparative analysis to examine the differences between China’s carbon market, the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, and the “Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries” in terms of accounting boundaries, methodologies, and data support and quality assurance systems. The findings indicate that while China’s carbon market aligns with international green trade mechanisms in terms of accounting methodologies, it lags significantly in its carbon footprint system as well as data support and quality assurance systems. These gaps mean that Chinese export-oriented enterprises struggle to overcome these carbon barriers with the current accounting system, potentially hindering the development of emerging industries. The study suggests that China should adhere to its fundamental stance of opposing unfair green trade barriers and take specific measures to improve the carbon accounting system: (1) enhancing the product-level carbon accounting system, (2) establishing a credible platform for emission factor data, (3) bolstering research support from academic institutions, (4) reinforcing data security management, and (5) improving the carbon accounting and reporting capabilities of affected enterprises.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) combined adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From April 2011 to January 2019, 318 patients with locally advanced NPC were collected from radiotherapy center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. According to the results of CCRT, the patients were divided into the adjuvant group and the no-adjuvant group to comparatively analyze the survival outcome and adverse reaction of those patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Stratification analysis was used to analyze the survival difference of different therapy plans (CCRT, CCRT+AC, IC+CCRT and IC+CCRT+AC) among 318 patients. The survival difference of 99 pairs of patients in the subgroup of clinical parameters was analyzed after the patients in the adjuvant group were paired with the patients in the no-adjuvant group. Results Compared with CCRT, CCRT combined with adjuvant chemotherapy could increase the overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS), distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS); Compared with IC plus CCRT(IC+CCRT), IC+CCRT+AC showed a decreasing trend in OS, PFS, DMFS and RFS. According to the results of stratification analysis, for EBV positive, N3 stage and IVA stage patients, adjuvant chemotherapy had a tendency to increase OS, PFS, DMFS and RFS, and increase the RFS for the T4 stage patients. There was no difference in acute radiation mucositis, acute radiation pharyngitis and esophagitis between the two groups. The adjuvant group had higher incidence rate than the non-adjuvant group in ≥2 grade of myelosuppression(68% vs 55%, P=0.020). Conclusion Adjuvant chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy cannot significantly increase the survival benefit for patients with locally advanced NPC; For EBV positive, stage N3 and stage ⅣA patients, there is a positive trend in OS, PFS, DMFS and RFS, and for stage T4 patients, they also obtain benefit in PFS.

BACKGROUND The common analysis methods of marine sediments, such as open digestion or high-pressure closed digestion combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determination, and pressed powder pellet or fusion tablets combined with XRF determination, have a low efficiency of sample pretreatment and less detectable elements. The disadvantages of incomplete digestion, slow speed and high detection limit contribute to the inefficiency of the method. OBJECTIVES To develop a rapid method for the determination of 48 elements in marine sediments by ICP-MS. METHODS Lithium metaborate was used as a flux to decompose the sample. The obtained sample was leached with 5% nitric acid and determined by ICP-MS. An analytical method for the rapid determination of 48 elements in marine sediments was established. Using the national standard references materials of marine sediment as the high point, the standard working curve was drawn. The amount of flux LiBO2, dilution ratio, analytical isotope and internal standard elements of each element to be measured, instrument measurement mode and interference correction equation of individual elements were determined, an optimal decomposition conditions and measurement conditions were obtained. RESULTS The results showed that the accurate results of P, As, Se, Cd, Hg cannot be obtained due to high temperature loss, yet microwave digestion or other methods could be used for pretreatment to avoid loss before determination. The accurate results of 48 elements may be obtained by this method, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of each element was less than 9.7%. The measured values of the national standard references of marine sediments GBW07333, GBW07314, GBW07335 and GBW07336 were consistent with the certified values. The recoveries of each element in marine sediment samples ranged from 83.6% to 118.6%. CONCLUSIONS This method greatly improves the analysis efficiency, and can analyze more elements, suitable for the analysis of large numbers of samples.

The study was to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of six growth promoting antibacterial agents in premixes by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. An acetonitrile-0.25% formic acid aqueous solution (50: 50) was used as the solvent, and the samples were pretreated by ultrasonic extraction. A 0.05 mol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH value adjusted to 3.8 with formic acid)-acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase, and the samples were separated by gradient elution and C18 column. The results showed that the detection limit of six antibacterial agents was 1~10 mg/g. In the range of 2~100 mg/g of the added concentration, the peak areas of the main components of the six growth promoting antibacterial agents detected by the method had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.999 4~1.000 0. The average recoveries of six antibacterial agents were 92.2%~104.6%. The study indicates that the proposed method is efficient, reliable and sensitive, which can be used for the detection of growth promoting antibacterial agents in premixes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the fallibility of lo-grapheme (FAG) used as the combustion catalyst of ammonium pe-chiorate (AP), the iirs--plinciples calculations based on deniity functional theory (DFT) were employed to investigate the decompositin of HClO4 and NH3 though the catalysis of FG, and he decompositiion mechanism of AP was expounded. Based on the analyis of he activation energy bames and reaction heas of he elemenraty reactions among reaction network, the main reaction channel of the decomposition of HClO4 on the surface of FG were proposed and determined. The resuis show that the main decomposition pah of The rate-dete-mining ttep of rhis reacJion pathway is the decomposition to CO from HClO4 with the activation eneggy of 1. 675 eV. The adsorbed O* atoms generated by the decompositiion of HClO4 inhbit the furher decomposition of HClO4 on the FG surface. Meanwhle, hese O* atoms p-omote the dehyd-ogenaJion -eacJion of NH3 on he FG surface and generate OH* groups. The OH* group can easily react with NH3 and is dehydrogenation p-oducss to generate H2O molecule, causing he O atom to desoom the FG surface. The eneggy barne- of the dehyd-ogenaJion reacJion between NH3 and F atom ss 0. 284 eV, indicatiing that NH3 can easily decompose and adsob on the catalyst surrace inrtead of adsorbing on AP surface, hus inhbiting the degon of AP. The FG caralyst can ellminate the sragnaion decomposition process during the decomposition of AP, and enhance is comburJion performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the clinical value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 11 neonates with PPHN who were treated with ECMO in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Zhongshan People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021, involving the neonates' general information, clinical diagnosis, laboratory results, duration of ECMO treatment, complications during ECMO treatment, length of hospital stay, and outcome. Results Of the 11 neonates, 10 (91%) had successful weaning from ECMO, and 8 (73%) survived. For the 11 neonates, the mean duration of ECMO treatment was (81±50) hours (range: 26 to 185 hours), the mean duration of ventilator use was (198±105) hours (range: 57 to 392 hours), and the mean length of hospital stay was (22±15) days (range: 2 to 49 days). The oxygenation index and blood lactate level were significantly improved after 24 hours of ECMO treatment among the 11 neonates (P<0.05). Ten neonates had significantly reduced pulmonary artery pressure after 24 hours of ECMO treatment (P<0.05). One neonate had a progressive increase in the pulmonary artery pressure during EMCO treatment, succumbing to death. This neonate was diagnosed with alveolar capillary dysplasia based on the histopathological findings of the lung tissue and whole-exome sequencing results. Among the 11 children, 5 had intracranial hemorrhage, 1 had disseminated intravascular coagulation, 1 had gastric hemorrhage, 2 had pulmonary hemorrhage, 1 had renal insufficiency, and 3 had bleeding at the puncture site during ECMO treatment. Conclusions ECMO is effective for the treatment of PPHN, however, the high incidence of complications of ECMO treatment suggests that it is important to carefully assess the indications and timing of ECMO treatment and improve the management of ECMO, which can improve the weaning rate and survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of feed grade dicalcium phosphate from deffuorinated wet process phosphoric acid by nitric acid process widens the product range, but the reaction mechanism of fluoride and metal ions in defluorination process is stiil lack of understanding. The precipitates generated from neutralizing simulated nitro-phosphoric acid solution containing different metal and fluorine ions are characterized. The results show that the free fluorine ion and that formed by dissociating other ions (SiF62- ) combine with Ca2 + to form CaF2 precipitate; the metal ions of Al3 +, Fe3 +, Mg2 + and Ca2 + combine with phosphate to form AlP04,Fe5(P04)4(0H)3 • 2H20,MgHP04 • 0.78 H20 and CaHP04 • 2H20. The results show that the morphology of calcium hydrogen phosphate crystals is diiferent in diiferent solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica juncea is an important oil crop and vegetable, which has better resistance to drought, disease and pod shattering. In this study, 34 wild micro-core germplasm resources and 51 newly derived resources in B. juncea were used to discover their genetic diversity. Their genetic similarities of the 85 accessions were analyzed by 305 polymorphic ILP (intron length polymorphism) markers, and were divided into 2 subgroups. In each subgroup, wild germplasm and their derived germplasm were in the same cluster. Analysis of genetic variation and diversity index indicated that new germplasm had greater genetic variation than their parental lines. In addition, data showed that oil and protein contents of 85 accessions from the new resources increased significantly in comparing with their parental lines. In the 34 parental lines and 51 new lines, the correlation index between oil and protein content were -0.612 and -0.899 respectively, indicating a significant negative relationship. The present study was expected to be helpful in solving the shortage of germplasm resources, plant breeding and basic research in B. juncea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, and we provide reference for further prevention and control of the disease. Methods We collected the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 in Dongxihu Shelter Hospital of Wuhan from February 7 to March 6, 2020. The main symptoms, blood test results, lung CT results, and nucleic acid negative conversion were analyzed. Results A total of 654 patients were included, 175(26.76%) were mild, and 479(73.24%) were general. There were 344 males (52.60%), and 310 females (47.40%). The patients were with a mean age of (49.36± 10.30) years, and 97 patients (14.83%) with a history of hypertension, 51 patients (7.80%) had a history of diabetes. The main clinical symptoms were fever with 547(83.64%) patients, 186 cases (28.44%) had chills, 15 cases (2.29%) had shiver, 342(52.29%) had fatigue symptoms, 413(63.15%) had cough, 137(20.95%) had chest tightness, and 109(16.67%) had diarrhea during the course of the disease. Blood routine tests of 395 patients, the white blood cell count (WBC) was (4.12±1.46)x109/L. The total white blood cell count was normal in 378 cases(95.70%), increased in 7(1.77%), and decreased in 10(2.53%). The lymphocyte percentage was (23.10±10.02)%, lymphocyte (1.06±0.37)x109/L. The percentage and count of lymphocyte were low. All the 654 cases were examined by CT, 175 cases (26.76%) showed normal lung CT, 422 cases (64.52%) showed patchy or segmental ground-glass opacity, and 57 cases (8.72%) showed multilobar consolidation, ground-glass shadow coexisted with consolidation or streak shadow. The interval between positive nucleic acid test before admission and negative test after admission was as short as 5 days and as long as 24 days, the average was (12.35 ±3.73) days. Conclusion Fever, coughing, and fatigue are the main symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The typical lung CT findings can be used as the basis for clinical diagnosis and disease evaluation. Patients with mild and common type had better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deeply study the interaction between nano CuO and NO produced by the decomposition of energetic materials (EMs), the adsorption behavior of NO on CuO(1 1 1) surface was investigated using density functional theory and at the most stable point of NO adsorption, the adsorption of NO2 on the surface of Cu surface and its influence on NO were studied. The adsorption configuration was calculated by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh (PBE) method of generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in DMol3 module. The results show that NO is adsorbed on the surface of CuO(1 1 1) in molecular form. The stable adsorption configuration is that the nitrogen atoms of NO interacts with the oxygen and copper atoms on the surface of CuO and all of them are chemical adsorption. The most stable adsorption configuration is that NO is adsorbed on Cu1 site and the adsorption energy is -0.89 eV. The analysis of the HOMO-LUMO gaps and density of states indicate that there is a strong interaction between NO and CuO surface. Mulliken charge analysis shows that the charge transfers from NO to Cu surface, thus NO has a partial positive charge. In the decomposition process of EMs, NO gas is stably adsorbed on the surface of CuO, but the adsorption sites of NO may be occupied when there is NO2 which has a stronger adsorption ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monitoring data from the plots of Changbai Mountains in the temperate zone (CBS), Guandi Mountain in the warm temperate zone (GDS), Heishiding Mountain in the subtropical zone (HSD), we analyzed the spatial distribution of tree species from three families (Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae) and their correlation using paired correlation function g(r). The results showed that the individual number and size class structural characteristics of the trees from the three families varied among different regions. Pinaceae had high population density and a bimodal size class structure in GDS plot but a small number and skewed normal size-class structure in CBS and HSD plots. Fagaceae had low abundance and a bimodal, skewed normal size-class structure respectively in CBS and GDS plots but a large number and an inverted J-type diameter distribution in HSD plot. Rosaceae had high abundance and a L-type size structure in GDS plot but relatively low abundance and a L-inverted and J-type size class distribution respectively in HSD and CBS plots. The trees from those three families showed different spatial distribution patterns in three different forest plots. The large size class individuals of Pinaceae were regularly distributed at small scale in CBS and GDS plots but aggregated in HSD plot, the middle and small size class ones were consistently aggregated in three plots. Fagaceae trees were mainly characterized by large size class and approximately distributed at random in CBS plot, but mainly characterized by middle or small size class and aggregated in GDS and HSD plots. The trees of Rosaceae were aggregated in three plots. The aggregation degree of trees from three families decreased with the increases of spatial scales. The large size class individuals of Fagaceae were negatively associated at small scale or uncorrelated with Pinaceae trees in CBS and HSD plots. The middle or small size class individuals of Fagaceae were negatively associated with Pinaceae ones in CBS and GDS plots but positively associated with Pinaceae ones in HSD plot. Trees from Pinaceae were negatively correlated with trees from Rosaceae in three plots. The middle or small size class individuals of Fagaceae were positively correlated with individuals of Rosaceae in CBS and GDS plots but negatively correlated with trees of Rosaceae in HSD plot. In conclusion, the spatial distribution patterns and associations of the trees from three families changed with the size class, research scale and had different patterns among three plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to extract effective features of the complex environment face image, this paper presented a novel method by fusing HOG features and discriminative multi-manifold analysis (DMMA) features. It applied a new adaptive method to calculate similarity between patches of the face image. First, it partitioned each face image into several nonoverlapping patches to form an image set for each sample per person. Then it used histogram of the oriented gradient (HOG) operator to extract image histogram of each an image set. The histogram of each an image set formed a statistics manifold. Last it applied DMMA algorithm to obtain the low-dimensional face image feature. It used the reconstruction-based manifold-manifold distance to identify the unlabeled subjects. Experimental results show that the algorithm for face images of light and geometry changes is superior to the general recognition DMMA algorithms on the AR database and FERET database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration law in the cracks of variable density proppant particles had been researched, for effective support fracture length of CBM hydraulic fracturing was too short and seam sanding concentration distributed uneven. The mutual influence of the fracture proppant particles was considered using Pseudo Fluid model, and the corresponding calculation software was written with the Visual Studio 2012 design platform, then the accuracy of the calculations was checked through comparison with the value of field monitoring software. The effective law to seam sanding concentration and effective support slot length of the fracturing fluid viscosity, wall cracks, displacement and proppant density parameters were discussed, and the broken rate of the ultra-low density proppant was analyzed at different confining pressure and temperature conditions. The results show that broken rate of a nut shell proppant is less than 2% in the condition of confining pressure 69 MPa and the ambient temperature 90°C,which meet the site requirements; With the increase of fracturing fluid viscosity, the construction displacement and fracture bracing length, the seam sanding is more uniform; with the proppant particle diameter increases, the crack support length decreases; compared to single ceramic sand, using variable-density proppant makes effective support half-slot length increasing 19.5 m, and the sanding effect is more uniform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a coil array eddy current sensor was developed using planar printed circuit board (PCB) plate, and the parameters of planar circular spiral coil were determined with a calculation formula. The distribution state of vortex field on the specimen crack was simulated and analyzed with a finite element software ANSOFT. A non ferromagnetic material aluminum plate was taken as the test pieces to carry out the crack detection and prove the validity of planar coil array sensor. The results show that the planar coil array eddy current sensor can detect tiny cracks on the aluminum plate, and with a good correlation between amplitude of output signals and geometric parameters of cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The correlation of 2 SNPs sites polymorphism in GHR gene and growth traits of pig were investigated in order to lay the foundation for protecting Guangxi Bama mini-pig genetic resources and advancing pig molecular marker assisted breeding technology. [Method]The polymorphism of 2 SNPs sites viz. GHR-G1248A and A%80%G in hybrids F2 family pigs of Guangxi Bama mini-pig × Landrace were detected through PCR-RFLP and CRSPCR- RFLP. The correlation between 2 SNPs sites and pig's corresponding growth traits was analyzed. [Result] In hybrids F2 family of Guangxi Bama mini-pig × Landrace , 2 SNPs sites of pig GHR viz. G1248A and A1801G sites were both expressed as three genotypes, AA, AG and GG, respectively. As to the influences of G1248A site on growth traits, it showed that the chest circumferences of 2-month old pigs for genotype GG were significant larger than that of genotype AA and AG, the body weights of 4-month old pigs for GG genotype were significant heavier than that of genotype AG and AA, while the growth traits differences of other months old pigs were found not significant among different genotypes ' individuals (P > 0.05, the same below). As for the effects of A1801G site on growth traits , it found that the body heights of 1- and 6-month old pigs for GG genotype were significant higher than that of genotype AG and AA, the chest circumferences of 3- and 6-month old pigs for genotype GG were significant larger than that of genotype AA and AG , while the growth trait differences of other months old pigs were found not significant among different genotypes' individuals (P>0.05 ,the same below). [Conclusion ]G allele of pig GHR/G1248A site dis - plays positive selection effects on body weight and chest circumference, while G allele of pig GHR/A1801G site displays negative selection effect on body height and positive selection on chest circumference, therefore those sites can be selected as assistant-selected genetic markers for pig breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ] Relation of SNPs of pig IGF-I gene and growth performance was studied to provide theoretical references for porcine breeding. [ Method ] SNPs in rs322131043 of IGF -I were tested employing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Landrace, Huanjiang pig, Guangxi Bama mini- pig, and the F1, F2 hybrids of Landrace and Guangxi Bama mini-pig. The correlation between gene, genotype frequencies and growth performance were analyzed. [ Result ] The results showed that the genotype AA of IGF-I was the dominant type in Guangxi Bama mini-pig, while the genotype GG was the dominant type in Landrace. Gene frequency sequence of A was Landrace, Guangxi Bama mini-pig and Huanjiang pig. Average values of body weight, body length, chest circumference, and body height were basically lower in heterozygous ( AG) than those in homozygous (AA/GG) in every period. [ Conclusion]The pig IGF-I gene SNP loci is closely related to its growth performance, but the potential applicability of the SNP for pig breeding needs further verifying [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ]The resources of entomopathogenic fungi from Endoclyta signifer were identified to screen out the dominant isolates with strong pathogenicity and provide references for biological control of Endoclyta signifer. [ Method ] Entomopathogenic fungi of E. signifer were isolated by common tissue isolation method. The pathogenicity test of acquired fungi against E. signifer was conducted and taxonomic position of entomopathogenic fungi was determined by morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequence. [ Result ]A total of 206 fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased E. signifer.They were identified as genus of Beauveria, Fusarium, Paecilomyces,Aspergillus,Penicillium,Mucor and Evlachovaea, among which isolation rate of Beauveria was 87.4% and isolation rates of other fungi were relatively low. After pathogenicity tests were completed, it showed that Beauveria bassiana was the predominant species with stronger pathogenicity. Fusarium and Evlachovaea were weakly pathogenic fungi and others were non-pathogenic fungi. B. bassiana, F. oxysporum and Evlachovaea sp. were identified by morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequences. Evlachovaea sp. was recorded in China for the first time. [ Conclusion ]Entomopathogenic fungi of Endoclyta signifer in Guangxi are B. bassiana, F. oxysporum and Evlachovaea sp, of which B. bassiana is the predominant species with high application value [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Baode Area on the eastern edge of Erdos Basin as an example, using stereographic projection method for level correction, comparing the principal stress orientation before and after restoration of level correction, the regional tectonic stress field was determined. The results show that the regional tectonic features and tectonic movement stress field evolution have good consistency, the regional tectonic stress field is mainly influenced by the Yanshan movement and Himalaya movement, Yanshan tectonic stress field established main tectonic research area of the frame. It's mainly influenced by extrusion stress, supplemented by tensile stress, and also developed the NW-SE extrusion stress and tensile stress in NEE-SWW direction, extrusion should have caused the cover slip phenomenon of power in this region, formed a series of parallel folds and thrust faults in the region development. Some direction of NW-SE normal faults can be found, and tectonic stress field in Himalaj'a is mainly influenced by extrusion stress. Principal compressive stress directions is NE-SW, superposition of two stages of tectonic movements caused the eastern tectonic deflection region from NW-SE to NE-SE. The formation and development of the pattern and the eastern boundary zone are closely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), a class of organic pollutants with potent endocrine-disrupting properties, are widely present in municipal sludge. Study of PAEs biodegradation under differ-ent anaerobic biological treatment processes of sludge is, therefore, essential for a safe use of sludge in agricultural practice. In this study, we selected two major sludge PAEs, i. e. di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-enthylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), to investigate their biodegradation behaviors in an anaerobic sludge digestion system and a fermentative hydrogen production system. The possible factors influencing PAEs biodegradation in relation to changes of sludge properties were also discussed. The results showed that the biodegradation of DBP reached 99. 6% within 6 days, while that of DEHP was 46. 1% during a 14-day incubation period in the anaerobic digestion system. By comparison, only 19. 5% of DBP was degraded within 14 days in the fermentative hydrogen production system, while no degradation was detected for DEHP. The strong inhibition of the degradation of both PAEs in the fermentative hydrogen production system was ascribed to the decreases in microbial biomass and ratios of grampositive bacteria/ gramnegative bacteria and fungi / bacteria, and the increase of concentrations of volatile fatty acids (e. g. acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) during the fermentative hydrogen-producing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most sorting algorithms considered only the size and the relative position of the records, this paper proposed a calculation sort algorithm. It calculated the index values of the records in the target arrays quickly, by analyzing the internal features of these records, and thereby completed the sort. The algorithm was tested, and was proved to be more efficient compared to some other typical sort algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siderophore-producing rhizobacteria (SPR) are a group of plant growth-promoting rhi- zobacteria, being able to play an important role in assisting the phytoremediation of heavy metals- contaminated soils. Based on the comprehensive analysis of related researches at home and abroad, this paper elaborated the functions of SPR in alleviating the heavy metals stress and toxicity to plants and the mechanisms of SPR in improving the heavy metals bioavailability in soil, and indicated that SPR had good application potential in promoting the plant growth in heavy metals-contaminated soils and reinforcing the heavy metals accumulation in plants. The contradictory phenomena of SPR in in- creasing or decreasing heavy metals accumulation in plants, which existed in current researches, were also analyzed. Aiming at the deficiencies in current researches, it was suggested that in the fu- ture researches, the mechanisms of the interactions between SPR and plants, especially hyperaccu- mulators, should be further studied, the key factors affecting the heavy metals complexation and mobilization in soil by siderophores should also be further clarified, the effects of siderophores on the heavy metals bioavailability and its subsequent influence on the heavy metals uptake by plants should be comprehensively considered, and the measures for improving the colonization of SPR in heavy metals-contaminated soil should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the variable mass pipe flow of the main and branch boreholes, the CBM pinnate horizontal well productivity prediction model was proposed based on 3D gas-water two-phase flow characteristics in the coal seam. The corresponding calculation program is written based on C++ programming language. At the same time, an actual CBM well is simulated as an example. The simulated results are verified by the monitoring data from the actual site. This paper studies the effects of branch symmetry, the locations of branch points, the angle between main and branch bore-holes, branch length, and branch number on gas production per unit length of the CBM well. The comprehensive results demonstrate the high accuracy of the computation model, and its ability to meet the actual needs of the project. The characteristics of gas production per unit length along the main borehole is high on both ends and low in the middle, with local decline at the branch point locations, while the characteristic of gas production per unit length along the branch borehole is high at heel, low at toe and increases gradually in the middle. Gas production per unit length at branch locations along main borehole declines faster when branches are symmetrical than asymmetrical. As branch node moves from heel to toe along the main borehole, peak gas production per unit length also transforms from toe to heel. The angles of the main and branch boreholes have no effect on gas production. At the same time, gas production per unit length reduces as the branch length along main borehole increases. Gas production per unit length increases with the distance from branch node to heel end. Gas production per unit length increases with the increase of branch length and the angle between main and branch boreholes. However, it declines as the number of branches increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A five-year field trial was conducted at the surrounding area of Dabao Mountain Mine to explore the feasibility and availability of using kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a fiber crop with strong heavy metals tolerance and potential economic value, to reclaim the multi-metal contaminated acidic farmland soil. Different amendments were applied prior to the kenaf planting to evaluate their effects on the soil properties and kenaf growth. After the amendments application, the kenaf could grow well on the heavy metals contaminated soil with the Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As concentrations being 1600, 440, 640, 7. 6, and 850 mg.kg-1, respectively. Among the amendments, dolomite and fly ash had better effects than limestone and organic fertilizer. With the application of dolomite and fly ash, the aboveground dry mass production of kenaf reached 14-15 t.hm-2, which was similar to that on normal soils, and the heavy metal concentrations in the bast fiber and stem of kenaf decreased significantly, as compared with the control. The mass of the bast fiber accounted for 32% - 38% of the shoot production, and the extractable heavy metal concentrations in the bast fiber could meet the standard of 'technical specifications of ecological textiles in China, suggesting that the bast fiber had potential economic value. It was suggested that planting kenaf combining with dolomite/ fly ash application could be an effective measure to reclaim the multi-metal contaminated acidic farmland soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of computer-aided navigation (CAN) technique in the resection margin control of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) involving the temporomandibular joint and skull base. METHODS: CAN technique was used to assist the resection of TGCT in TMJ and skull base, as well as immediate reconstruction of the skull base. Postoperative CT scanning was taken to evaluate the effect of the operation. RESULTS: Postoperative CT scanning showed a complete resection of the tumor, with a fine reconstruction of the removed skull base region. Postoperative follow-up of 6 months showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The application of CAN technique can help to control the surgical margins of lesions in TMJ and skull base region. It can help to mark the tumor boundaries, protect vital structures as well as facilitate the reconstruction process during the surgical procedure. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2271100), Scientific Research Foundation of Ministry of Education or Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars and Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the shallow-water combat applications of submarine-launched torpedo, three typical hydrological conditions were used to calculate the detecting range and direction-finding error of torpedo flank array sonar by utilizing the mid-frequency active sonar pulse signals. The results show that, in the anti-ship warfare, the flank array sonar of submarine-launched torpedo can detect a surface target at long distance by intercepting the active pulse signals from the surface target, and the flank array sonar can use for homing due to its high direction-finding accuracy when a target is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: A surgical method for the treatment of traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis with medially displaced residual condyle was described, and the long-term results were compared. METHODS: From 2001 to 2009, 60 patients and 82 joints diagnosed with traumatic TMJ ankylosis with medially displaced residual condyle were included in the present study. Lateral arthroplasty (LAP) was performed, and either the masseter muscle flap (MMF) or temporal fascial fat flap (TFF) were used as interpositional material to fill the lateral space. The long-term results of these treatments were compared by performing postoperative CT and clinical follow-up. SPSS 13.0 software package was used to analyze mouth opening improvement. RESULTS: In total, 22 joints were treated with LAP, 28 joints were treated with LAP and MMF, and 32 joints were treated with LAP and TFF. Thirty-eight patients with 48 joints were followed up for 1 to 4 years. Four of the 11 joints (36.4%) treated with LAP had reankylosis, 3 of the 17 (17.6%) joints treated with LAP and MMF had reankylosis, and 0 of the 20 (0%) joints treated with LAP and TFF had reankylosis. Compared with LAP treatment, LAP with TFF significantly improved the maximal incisal opening (MIO) in long -term follow -up. CONCLUSION: LAP can reserve the residual TMJ structure. TFF is a reliable interpositional material in LAP for prevention of reankylosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing and publishing papers is the last step of scientific research, and also the main approach for academic disclosure and exchange. Publication of high quality SCI cited papers is one of the important criteria to accredit research capacity and academic level for a personnel, team and institution, which requires novel topics, solid professional theory and knowledge, essential statistical expertise, and superior writing competence in English as a systemic procedure. This paper highlighted the complete process of writing, submitting, and publishing SCI cited papers in stomatology, offering insight into some key points in each step based on the authors' experiences. It is deemed to help readers and relevant physicians who are preparing to publish SCI cited medical papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To discuss the accuracy of localization and clinical usefulness of spiral CT for anterior maxillary impacted teeth. METHODS: In 89 children with impacted teeth in our department during June 2004 and December 2009, Spiral CT was performed in 30 eases whose impacted teeth can't be localized dearly by conventional oeelusal film and panoramic radiogragh. Multip-lanarreformation(MPR) and the surface shaded display(SSD) of the spiral CT were used to observe the number, size, shape, location,its relationship with adjacent tissue, angle between crown and root of the impacted teeth. The region of operation was exposed to evaluate the accuracy of localization and the value of clinical application of the Spiral CT. RESULTS: It was found that the number, size, shape, location, angle between crown and root of all the 33 impacted teeth could be displayed accurately. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT enables us to make a quick and accurate diagnosis of teeth impaction in the maxilla and can provide the best path for operation, which is helpful for pretreatment evaluation of the impacted teeth in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To demonstrate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes after acute trauma to the mandible without condylar fracture by radiography and surgical exploration. METHODS: Seven patients with 11 joints who had acute trauma to the mandible without condylar fracture complained of mouth opening limitation from 1 month to 1 year after trauma were treated in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) division of Shanghai Ninth People' s Hospital from 2009 to 2010. Six patients had combined facial fractures which were treated in other hospitals or by other surgeons in this hospital before. CT scans with coronal reconstruction through the condyle immediately after injury and few months later when they came to the TMJ division for treatment were compared. MRI was taken before treatment to check the TMJ changes. Surgical treatment was performed for all patients. RESULTS: CT scan showed 87.5% (7/8) of the joints with "intact" condylar surface bone immediately after injury developed bone destruction 1 month to 1 year later. MRI showed all 11 joints had TMJ disc displaced anteriorly. Ninety percentage (10/11) of the joints also had condylar surface bone destruction. Surgical exploration showed bony ankylosis in 2 joints; fibrous ankylosis with destroyed condyle stuck to the fossa in 3 joints; TMJ osteoarthritis with degenerated condylar surface bone and fibrous adhesion in 5 joints; and internal derangement with relatively normal condylar surface cartilage and disk shape in 1 joint. CONCLUSIONS: Acute trauma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-admission is an important rule of evidence which is closely connected with the relationship between the litigant's burden of proof and the court's right of fact-finding. The essence of such a rule of evidence lies in how to construct a set of reasonable rules governing the application of self-admission. Self-admission has binding effect on both the litigant and the court, which determines that the applicable object of serf-admission must be the main fact of the litigation; moreover, the fact should embody the autonomy of private rights. The mission of judicial protection of intellectual property is to maintain the balance between private rights and public welfare, which inevitably renders it significant to construct restrictive rules for serf-admission in intellectual property litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of subcutaneous injection of interferon-a for life -- threatening infantile hemangiomas in the head and neck region. METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2009, subcutaneous injection of interferon-a was applied to 11 infants with alarming head and neck heamngiomas at a dose of 3 million IU/m² per day. The duration of therapy ranged from 2 to 3 months. Patients revisited every 3 weeks and the changes of tumor size, texture and color were monitored and recorded. RESULTS: Nine patients had medication for 3 months, 2 for 2 months. Nine patients (82%) had a reduction in mass of 95%, two patients (18%) had achieved a decrease in size of 50%. The overall response rate was 100%. The main side effects were fever (54.5%), diarrhea (18.2%) and anorexia (9.1%), which resolved after stopping medication. Contrary to Barlow et al, spastic diplegia was not encountered. No other serious adverse effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Interferon -a can be used as a first -line option for infantile alarming hemangiomas which are resistant to steroids or propranolol and that endanger proper functioning of the affected organ or patients' life. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81070846). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the classification of traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) based on coronal CT scan and to present our treatment experience in the TMJ division of Shanghai Ninth People' s Hospital. METHODS: From 2001 to 2009, 130 patients diagnosed of TMJA were treated in TMJ division. Among them, 84 patients with 124 joints were caused by trauma and treated first by our group of surgeons. They were included in this study. All of them had CT scan, especially coronal reconstruction through the TMJ area before and after surgery. A new classification based on the coronal CT scan was proposed. The treatment protocol for Type Al ankylosis was fibrous tissue release or condylar head resection with costochondral graft (CCG) and temporalis myofascial flap (TMF). For Type A2 and A3 ankylosis, the lateral bony fusion was resected while the intact residual condylar fragment displaced medially was remained. The operation was named "lateral arthroplasty" (LAP). TMF or masseter muscle flap (MMF) was used as a barrier in the lateral gap between temporomandibular joint fossa and stump of the mandibular ramus. If the medial condylar fragment in Type A3 ankylosis was too small to bear the load, it was resected with the bony mass. The joint was then reconstructed with CCG and TMF or MMF. For Type A4 ankylosis, the bony fusion was completely removed and the joint was reconstructed with CCG and TMF or MMF. The result of the treatment were evaluated by CT scan and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 124 ankylotic joints, 14 were Type Al ankylosis (11.3%); 43 were Type A2 (34.7%); 46 were Type A3 (37.1%) and 21 were Type A4 ankylosis (16.9%). Part of Type Al, all Type A2 and A3 ankylosis had residual condylar head displaced medially which accounted for 75% (93/124) of the TMJ ankylosis. Treatment according to the classification was: LAP for 82 joints (66.1%); CCG for 33 joints (26.6%); and other treatment for 9 joints (7.3%). Forty-eighty patients with 68 joints had long time follow-up from 10 months to 4 years. Among them, 4 out of 17 joints reconstructed with CCG had reankylosis (23.5%), 7 out of 48 joints treated with LAP had reankylosis (14.6%). CONCLUSION: The new classification of TMJ ankylosis based on coronal CT scan is useful and valuable in guiding clinical treatment. LAP with TMF is a good way to treat traumatic TMJ ankylosis when the medially displaced condylar head and disc are intact. CCG with TMF has a good result for Type A4 ankylosis. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2271100). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]