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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristic of stroke in the plateau area with altitude of 4000 m above, and to screen the risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 103 stroke patients (including 71 hemorrhagic stroke and 32 ischemic stroke) admitted to Ngari Prefecture People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical characteristic of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. Results The age of hemorrhagic stroke patients was lower than that of ischemic stroke patients [(57.48 ± 10.81) years vs. (64.03 ± 10.96) years; t = 2.836, P = 0.006], and the systolic blood pressure at admission [(171.92 ± 28.95) mm Hg vs. (141.81 ± 23.24) mm Hg; t = 5.174, P = 0.000], diastolic blood pressure [(107.58 ± 18.76) mm Hg vs. (93.44 ± 14.94) mm Hg; t = 3.757, P = 0.000], hemoglobin [(189.54 ± 28.12) g/L vs. (165.35 ± 25.42) g/L; t = 4.111, P = 0.000] and total cholesterol [(4.60 ± 0.88) mmol/L vs. (4.04 ± 0.82) mmol/L; t = 3.118, P = 0.002] were higher than those of ischemic stroke patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure on admission (OR = 1.048, 95%CI: 1.024-1.073; P = 0.000) and hemoglobin (OR = 1.043, 95%CI: 1.015-1.072; P = 0.002) elevation were risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions Hemorrhagic stroke is the main type of stroke in the plateau area with altitude of 4000 m above. Patients with high systolic blood pressure on admission and hemoglobin are more likely to have hemorrhagic stroke.

BACKGROUND Studies on soil, water and other media in the Western Sichuan Plateau show that the selenium content in this area is very low. The selenium concentrations of the natural soil profile, surface soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater are 0.06-0.16μg/g, 0.075-0.204μg/g, 0.069-0.310μg/g, nd-0.096μg/L and nd-0.058μg/L, respectively, which are all lower than the average selenium content in the corresponding environmental media in China, affecting the health of local people. OBJECTIVES To explore the geochemical characteristics of selenium in rocks in the study area and to find the influencing factors for low selenium in rocks. METHODS Eighty rock samples were collected from the Western Sichuan Plateau, and six core samples were collected at the same time. These samples were mainly slate, sandstone, limestone and shale. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) was used to determine the selenium content, and the geochemical characteristics of selenium in rocks and core samples in the Aba area of the Western Sichuan Plateau were studied. RESULTS The selenium content of rocks ranged from 0.030 to 0.282μg/g, with an average value of 0.09μg/g, which was lower than the crustal abundance of selenium. The content of selenium in different types of rocks was:shale > limestone > slate > sandstone. The selenium content in the rock also showed large differences in different regions:Songpan > Aba > Land Pond > Maerkang > Jiuzhaigou > Ruoergai > Hongyuan, which may be caused by rock type, organic matter and geological environment. The minimum, maximum and average selenium content in each section of the core was 0.02-0.07μg/g, 0.21-0.34μg/g and 0.06-0.17μg/g, respectively. Moreover, the selenium content of each borehole was significantly lower than the crustal abundance of selenium. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of selenium in rocks is significantly affected by organic matter, lithology and rock compactness. Low selenium in rocks is mainly due to low selenium in environmental media in Western Sichuan.

To study the efficacy and safety of hematoma puncture catheter drainage under CT real-time guide for treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A total of 80 ICH patients with hematoma volume 15-30 ml were given conservative treatment (control group, 40 cases including 6 cases with hematoma volume 15-20 ml and 34 cases with hematoma volume > 20-30 ml) and hematoma puncture and catheter drainage under CT real-time guide (operation group, 40 cases with hematoma volume > 20-30 ml). Conscious states were evaluated by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission and 3 d after onset. Neurological deficits of patients were evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission and discharge. Hospitalization days and complications (including rebleeding, epilepsy, intracranial infection, severe pulmonary infection and bleeding caused by digestive tract stress ulcer) were recorded. Results The GCS scores 3 d after onset (P = 0.000) and NIHSS scores on discharge (P = 0.000) of 2 groups were significantly lower than those on admission. The GCS score of operation group was significantly higher (P = 0.003) and NIHSS score was significantly lower (P = 0.000) than that of control group. The hospitalization time of operation group was significantly lower than those of control group [(10.53 ± 2.64) d vs. (17.30 ± 4.92) d; t = 7.673, P = 0.000]. Complications including rebleeding, intracranial infection, severe pulmonary infection and bleeding caused by digestive tract stress ulcer did not occur in patients of 2 groups. Conclusions For supratentorial hemorrhage patients with hematoma volume 15-30 ml, in comparison with conservative treatment, operation with hematoma puncture and catheter drainage under CT real-time guide can save hospitalization days, relieve edema peak response and improve the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate trophic state and biotic community as well as the relationship between phytoplankton community composition and environmental factors in surface water of Ankang Reservoir, the water and phytoplankton were sampled monthly from January to December in 2012. The phytoplankton distribution and the physical and chemical indicators were analyzed. The characteristics of phytoplankton community were studied via Shannon diversity index (H) and Pielou evenness index (J). The trophic level was assessed via physical and chemical indicators, and trophic state index (TSI). One hundred and ten genera belonging to seven phyla were identified. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 0.11×104 to 2.08×104 cells.L-1. The composition of phytoplankton and distribution of pollution indicator species, biodiversity and TSI indicated that surface water of Ankang Reservoir belonged to the ecological middling pollution type and was at a mesotrophic level. High-density feeding aquaculture and direct discharge of domestic wastewater had adverse effects on water quality. The water quality of Lanhe River, a tributary of Hanjiang River, was poor. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the impacts of the eight tested environmental factors on phytoplankton community composition and distribution varied in different seasons. Moreover, nitrogen was the main nutrient factor affecting the community composition of the phytoplankton. The physical and chemical indicators showed that the water quality of surface water of Ankang Reservoir was generally good and satisfied the standard of class II water. However, the quality of total nitrogen poorer than the standard of class II water in several sampling sites suggested that the water quality of Ankang Reservoir had the trend to be deteriorated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of excisions of intraorbital and/or periorbital metallic foreign bodies with the help of teleroentgen system. Methods: Selecting 86 cases (86 eyes) of metallic foreign body patients in our hospital from July 2002 to July 2012. Individual surgical methods were made according to the imaging fetures got by teleroentgen system to extract the intraorbital and/or periorbital metallic foreign body through the skin or conjunctiva. Results: Foreign bodies of 86 patients were successfully removed, including 83 cases (96.5%) in one operation, and 3 cases (3.5%) in two operations. Over a period of 2 ~ 18 (9.2 ± 5.3) months follow-up, there were 62 patients (72.1%) whose eyesight reached the level as that before the operation, 21 patients (24.4%) whose eyesight has been improved in the last follow-up. The eye movement disorders were observed in 34 cases (39.5%) and 16 cases (18.6%) in the last preoperative and postoperative follow-up respectively. And the traumatic ptosis were found in 5 cases (5.8%) and 3 cases (3.5%) in the preoperative and postoperative final follow up respectively. Conclusion: The surgical method which excisions of intraorbital and/or periorbital metallic foreign bodies under the teleroentgen system of interventional radiology room with little intraorbital and periorbital tissue damage, shorter operative time and satisfactory results is easy to operate and worth promoting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flipped classroom model is a reversal arrangement of imparting knowledge and knowledge internalization, is a powerful tool for the interaction between teachers and students, stimulates students ' interest, and provides an environment and platform for the discussion-based teaching and pro!ect-driven teaching. The reversal model really refects " student-centered + education concept. The software development courses have very strong practicality. It has put forward higher requirements for the training in class. If we apply flipped classroom model for software development courses, students could autonomously learn before class and develop the real project in class. It could enhance the students 'thinking ability, practice ability and innovation ability, and improve the effect of classroom teaching. The paper demonstrates basic principles and application and research status of flipped classroom model and analyses the feasibility of flipped classroom model for software development courses, then puts forward to teaching model and constituent elements of flipped classroom model for software development courses, it also provides theoretical reference for software engineering maj and computer related majors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several new hyaluronic metal complexes were synthesized with the sodium hyaluronate as raw material. The properties of synthesized complexes were characterized by IR, ¹HNMR, EDX and elemental analysis. The preliminaries of anticancer activities in vitro on human uterine cancer cells demonstrate that a few of new hyaluronic metal complexes have better anticancer activity than that of the background sodium hyaluronate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study winter pollution characteristics and physicochemical properties of PM 2.5 in a northwest industrial city, for example, Baiyin in Gansu Province, we used related instruments, such as single particle aerosol mass spectrometry to conduct real-time online PM 2.5 chemical composition observations, compared with Lanzhou in the same period. The results showed that, during the observation, PM 2.5 concentrations (44.89 μg·m -3 ) in Baiyin were significantly lower than the same period in Lanzhou (70.69 μg·m -3 ). However, the proportion of particles containing heavy metals (7.84%) was significantly higher than that of Lanzhou (2.92%), the chemical composition was complex, and PM 2.5 was mainly contributed by particles with larger particle sizes. The particle size distribution range of Cu, Pb, and Zn particles in Baiyin was relatively wide, the number of Cu and Zn particles was higher, and the mixing ratio of particles was higher than in Lanzhou. The main pollution source was automobile exhaust 30.91% and a secondary inorganic source was 13.00%. The pollution event on January 4, 2020 was mainly caused by the increased contributions of automobile exhaust and secondary inorganic sources, and the poor meteorological diffusion conditions in the early stage. The control of PM 2.5 pollution in Baiyin in winter should be dominated by emission reduction of automobile exhaust and secondary inorganic sources, and control of heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere should be strengthened.

Objective: To clone and express the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene of Toxoplasma gondii, and analyze the immunogenicity., Methods: Total RNA was extracted from tachyzoites of RH strain of T. gondii (GenBank accession No. AY650028). The coding region of TgMDH was amplified with a pair of specific primers. The product of RT-PCR was digested with double restriction enzyme and ligated into pET30a (+) vector. The recombinant pET30a (+)-TgMDH plasmid was transformed into E. coli DH5alpha. The positive clones were confirmed by the double restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing. The correct plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 and induced by IPTG. The expressed proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Conditions for expression were optimized. Abundant soluble rTgMDH protein was purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Mice was intranasally immunized with purified rTgMDH and murine anti-rTgMDH serum was prepared. Western blotting with murine anti-rTgMDH serum and rabbit anti-T. gondii serum was used to analyze its immunogenicity., Results: The product of RT-PCR was with 951 bp. The recombinant plasmid pET30a(+)-TgMDH was confirmed by the double restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing. A soluble recombinant protein with relative molecular weight of 36 000 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, followed by coomassie blue staining. Western blotting revealed that rTgMDH can be recognized by murine anti-rTgMDH serum and rabbit anti-T. gondii serum., Conclusion: TgMDH gene has been expressed in prokaryotic expression system and shows immunogenicity.

To investigate the impact of elevated ozone (O3) on CO2 emission from soil-winter wheat system, outdoor experiments with simulating elevated O3 concentration were conducted, and static dark chamber-gas chromatograph method was used to measure CO2 emission fluxes. Results indicated that the elevated O3 did not change the seasonal pattern of CO2 emissions from soil-winter wheat system, but significantly decreased CO2 emission fluxes during turning-green stage and elongation-pregnant stage. From heading to maturity, CO2 emission fluxes were not found to be significant difference under 100 nL x L(-1) O3 treatment compared with the control, while 150 nL x L(-1) O3 treatment significantly declined CO2 emission fluxes. Significant relationships were found between respiration rate and air temperature under the control, 100 nL x L(-1) and 150 nL x L(-1) O3 treatment, and the fitting equation determined coefficients R2 were 0.139, 0.513 and 0.211, respectively. In addition, the Q10 (temperature sensitivity coefficients) for soil-winter wheat system's respiration were 1.13, 1.58 and 1.21, respectively. The results of this study suggested that elevated O3 could reduce CO2 emissions from agroecosystem.

To investigate the effects of elevated nitrogen deposition on forest soil respiration, a simulated nitrogen deposition field experiment was conducted in northern subtropical deciduous broad-leave forest from April 2008 to April 2009. Nitrogen treatments included the control (no N addition, CK), low-N [50 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1), T(L)], medium-N [100 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1), T(M)], and high-N [150 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1), T(H)]. The respiration rates were measured by a static chamber-gas chromatograph method. Results showed that nitrogen deposition did not change the seasonal and daily variation patterns of soil respiration. Compared to the control, T(L), T(M) and T(H) treatments reduced soil annual average respiration rates by 8.51%, 9.74% and 11.24%, respectively. Meanwhile, T(L), T(M) and T(H) treatments decreased daily average soil respiration rates by 4.42%, 11.09% and 12.17%, respectively. Significant relationship was found between soil respiration rate and soil temperature. The Q10 (temperature sensitivity coefficients) for soil respiration of CK, T(L), T(M), and T(H) treatments were 2.53, 3.22, 2.64 and 2.92, respectively. Our findings suggested that nitrogen deposition reduced soil respiration, and increased soil respiration temperature sensitivity in northern subtropical deciduous broad-leave forest.

Field experiment was carried out in 2008 in order to investigate the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and straw application on soil respiration in soybean field. LI-8100 automated soil CO2 flux system was used to measure soil respiration under 20% enhanced UV-B radiation, straw application, 20% enhanced UV-B radiation + straw application and control. Environmental factors such as air temperature, soil temperature and moisture were also measured. Results indicated that supplemental UV-B radiation reduced soil respiration rate by 30.31%, straw application increased soil respiration rate by 14.51%, while enhanced UV-B radiation + straw application combined treatment had no significant effect on soil respiration. Enhanced UV-B radiation enhanced the carbon conversion rate of straw. Significant relationship were found between soil respiration rate and soil temperature under the control, enhanced UV-B, straw application, and enhanced UV-B + straw application, the fitting equation determined coefficients R2 were 0.434, 0.563, 0.451 and 0.513. The Q10 (temperature sensitivity coefficients) for soil respiration were 1.55, 1.91, 1.80 and 1.71, respectively. It was reflected that enhanced UV-B radiation, straw application and enhanced UV-B radiation + straw returning increased the Q10 for soil respiration.

To investigate the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of soybean, pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer was employed to measure the fluorescence parameters and rapid light curves during different growth stages under the condition of simulating 20% enhancement of UV-B. Results showed that enhanced UV-B radiation reduced the chlorophyll contents by 5.03%, 7.70% and 10.38% in seedling, branching-flowering and pod-setting periods, respectively. In branching-flowering period, the value of Fv/Fm decreased by 6.13%. In seedling and branching-flowering periods, effective quantum yield(Y) diminished significantly during PAR >366 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1), the maximal potential relative electron transport rate (Pm) diminished by 28.92% and 15.49%, respectively. But Y and Pm had no significant difference in 3-leave and pod setting periods. Semi-light saturation points (l(k)) were diminished by 21.18% and 23.17% in 3-leave and seedling periods. Initial slope (a) was decreased by 21.05% in branching-flowering period. Enhanced UV-B radiation also significantly reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during PAR >366 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1) in seedling period and photochemical quenching (qP) during PAR >366 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1) in branching-flowering period. The results of this study suggested that enhanced UV-B radiation inhibited electron transport activity of PS II, injured light-harvesting systems and dissipative protection mechanisms, damaged photosynthesis system, thus diminished photosynthetic efficiency of soybean.

Field experiment was carried out in the spring of 2008 in order to investigate the effects of increased UV-B radiation on the temperature sensitivity of wheat plant respiration and soil respiration from elongation to flowering periods. Static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to measure ecosystem respiration and soil respiration under 20% UV-B radiation increase and control. Environmental factors such as temperature and moisture were also measured. Results indicated that supplemental UV-B radiation inhibited the ecosystem respiration and soil respiration from wheat elongation to flowering periods, and the inhibition effect was more obvious for soil respiration than for ecosystem respiration. Ecosystem respiration rates, on daily average, were 9%, 9%, 3%, 16% and 30% higher for control than for UV-B treatment forthe five measurement days, while soil respiration rates were 99%, 93%, 106%, 38% and 10% higher for control than for UV-B treatment. The Q10s (temperature sensitivity coefficients) for plant respiration under control and UV-B treatments were 1.79 and 1.59, respectively, while the Q10s for soil respiration were 1.38 and 1.76, respectively. The Q10s for ecosystem respiration were 1.65 and 1.63 under CK and UV-B treatments, respectively. Supplemental UV-B radiation caused a lower Q10 for plant respiration and a higher Q10 for soil respiration, although no significant effect of supplemental UV-B radiation on the Q10 for ecosystem respiration was found.

The reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and Roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. Morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid F1 and BC1 were studied. The results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids F1 between R. kamoji and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. The chromosome configuration at metaphase I (MI) of pollen mother cell (PMC) in reciprocal F1 was 40.33I + 0.78II + 0.03III and 40.40I + 0.79II, respectively. All of the F1 plants showed complete male sterility, and the seeds of BC1 were obtained by backcrossing with Chinese Spring pollen. The somatic chromosome numbers in BC1 plants of (R. kamoji x Chinese Spring) F1 x Chinese Spring ranged from 55 to 63. Many univalents were observed at MI of PMC, which resulted in the sterility of BC1 plants. Similarly, the chromosome numbers in BC1 plants of (Chinese Spring xR. kamoji) F1 x Chinese Spring also ranged from 55 to 63; however, many bivalents at MI of PMC and fertile pollen were observed resulting in partial fruitfulness in some BC1 plants by self-crossing. A plant (2n=63) with 42 wheat chromosomes and 21 R. kamoji chromosomes was obtained from R. kamoji x Chinese Spring cross, which had a chromosome configuration at MI of 26.40I + 18.30II. Because many univalents existed, this plant showed complete male sterility, and BC1 plants were obtained by back-crossing with Chinese Spring as the pollen parent. The chromosome numbers of BC1 ranged from 40 to 59, which contained less alien chromosomes. Although the morphology of the spike in BC1 plants was similar to that of Chinese Spring, these BC1 plants were still sterile. All F1 and most of the BC1 plants showed high resistance to Fusarium graminearum, which indicated that the resistance to scab from R. kmoji can be transferred into wheat.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs on bone mineral density, biomechanics, 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats, and explore the mechanism of treating osteoporosis with the drugs., Methods: Thirty-six female SD rats (four months) were randomly divided into model group, sham group and treatment group. All the rats had been ovariectomied except those in sham group. Selecting 4, 8, 12 weeks in the experiment, the value of bone mineral density (BMD) was measure by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of femoral head, while the biomechanics machine was applied to analysis femoral head biomechanics index and ELISA method was used to detect the content of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 discern in blood-serum, liver and kidney., Results: Treatment group rats' BMD of femoral head was enhance compared with model group, significant differences were absent (P<0.05), and the maximal load and maximal stress measurement were improved, significant differences were absent (P<0.05). As the content of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 discern in blood-serum, liver and kidney were elevate, furthmore there were significant differences in group comparison, all significant differences were absent (P<0.05). But those compared with sham group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05)., Conclusion: In the early period in absence of estrogenic hormone, the Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs could activate bone metabolism to raise BMD and reinforce quality of bone through up-regulating expression of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 at protein level.

Objective: To study the effects of Migu Tablet (MGT) on bone mineral density (BMD), serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand (OPGL), and bone metabolic markers in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO)., Methods: BMD in 192 women of natural menopause, 48 to 65 years old, were determined. Among them, 160 women with PMO were randomized into 4 groups, 54 in the Migu Tablet group (MGTG), 53 in the Xianlin Gubao group (XLGBG) and 53 in the Leli Calcium group (LCG). And the other 32 women with BMD in normal range were set as the control group. Serum levels of OPG, OPGL, bone alkaline phosphates (sBAP), osteocalcin (sOC), cross-linked C-telopeptides of collagen type I (sCTx), and urine level of bone cross-linked N-telopeptides of collagen type I (uNTx) were measured before treatment and at the 12th and 24th week of treatment, with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); BMD of orthophoric lumbar vertebrae, femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the same time as well., Results: After 24-week treatment, BMD was heightened to different degree, serum levels of OPG, sCTx, uNTx/Cr were significantly decreased and OPGL, sBAP, sOC were increased in the MGTG and XLGBG, while these indexes showed insignificant change in the LCG and the control group., Conclusion: The effect of MGT in treating PMO were notable, just like that of XLGB, but single medication of calcium tablet cannot alleviate the disease and also incapable to prevent the loss of bone.

The response of dendritic cells (DCs) plays an essential role in the initiation of immune responses following Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) challenge. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was employed to compare the global protein patterns between human DCs infected and that uninfected with MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294 strains, and 45 protein spots were found to express differentially. Four protein spots which remarkably changed in DCs infected with MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294 strains were measured by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. The data obtained from peptide mass fingerprinting were used in protein database search. Four protein spots in gel were identified as Human Arsenite-stimulated ATPase (hASNA-I), Annexin IV, gamma-actin and Heat shock protein27 (HSP27). These data provide insight into the changed global protein patterns of the DCs after infection and may prove useful for further study in the interaction between MTB and host.

Objective: To observe the effects of qianggu electuary (QGE), a Chinese herbal preparation, on ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats., Method: Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and administered QGE, calcium gluconate (CG) and longmu zhuanggu granules (LMZG) for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD), indexes of biomechanics and serum E2, Ca were detected in grouped rats including QGE, CG, LMZG and control groups., Result: QGE could significantly increase the BMD and maximum load, maximum stress YP-load of femora in the osteoporotic rats. The values of E2 in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats decreased, compared with those of control normal rats (P > 0.05), while in the QGE treated rats, the values of E2 increased., Conclusion: QGE can increase the BMD and improve indexes of bone biomechanics in ovariectomized osteopotic rats, possibly due to its estrogen-like effect.