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[Introduction] Fusion energy has the characteristics of large energy released through reactions, safe and reliable operation, abundant fuel sources, and low environmental pollution. Therefore, it is expected to become a commercial energy source that can be supplied in the market on a large scale, providing stable energy output and power supply in the future. To popularize the development path of magnetic confined fusion energy in China, the article reviews the discovery and realization path of fusion energy. [Method] The article provided an overview of the early research and development process of magnetic confined fusion energy in China by the method of literature review. The paper took the development of magnetic confined fusion energy as an example to provide a preliminary overview of the construction of typical research devices in China, such as tokamak, stellarator, spherical tokamak, reversed field pinch, magnetic mirror field, linear plasma, and dipole magnetic field devices. [Result] Based on the construction and researches of these devices, China has cultivated a group of scientific and technological talents in the field of magnetic confined fusion research, achieving significant progress. In addition, the article provides an overview of international cooperation in fusion energy research, as well as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project that China is participating in construction. [Conclusion] Although the current research on fusion energy still needs to overcome significant challenges from various aspects, such as fusion plasma physics, fusion reactor materials, and tritium self-sustaining technology, it is believed that the magnetic confined fusion energy in China will turn from a blueprint into a reality in the future thanks to the urgent need for energy structure transformation and the strong support for fusion researches in China.

The low-fat stabilized compound sesame paste was prepared with pure sesame paste and chia seed extract as the main raw materials, and with monoglyceride and sucrose ester as emulsifier. Taking centrifugal oil yield and hardness as evaluation indicators, single factor experiments were conducted to study the effects of emulsifier addition, compound ratio of monoglyceride and sucrose ester , stirring time, and stirring temperature on the stability of compound sesame paste. On this basis, the response surface optimization and the research on the rheological properties of the product were conducted. Results showed that, adding 5% chia seed extract could effectively reduce the crude fat content of pure sesame paste by 10.82%. The oil yield of the compound sesame paste could be reduced to 2.61%, much lower than that of pure sesame paste, and the overall sensory experience could be upgraded, on the condition that the added amount of emulsifier was 1.6%, the compound ratio of monoglyceride to sucrose ester was 2.6:1, the stirring temperature was 71 ℃, and the stirring time was 9.5 min. The chia compound sesame paste was a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid, and the temperature had a low effect on its viscosity. The stability of the compound sesame paste was better than that of the current sesame paste on the market.

High temperature thin film strain gauges are widely used in the strain measurement of extreme conditions, especially in the high temperature components. ITO thin film strain gauges can generally be applied to the strain measurements above 1000℃. ITO high temperature thin film strain gauge was fabricated on the ceramic substrate using magnetron sputtering, and then was thermal treated at high temperature in pure N2 atmosphere, with the purpose of studying its microstructure, XPS, temperature resistance characteristics and piezoresistive response. The results show that the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of ITO thin film strain gauge can stabilize at -750×10-6℃-1. In addition, ITO thin film strain gauge is loaded at 1200℃, and the results show that the drift rate is 0.0018 h-1 and the strain factor is 16. Stable TCR and low drift rate of ITO thin film strain gauge provide the possibility for its application in the strain measurement of the hot end components.

Background and objective It has been known that the volume doubling time (VDT) of different lung nodule types is different. At present, there is still a lack of studies about the volume doubling time of lung cancer with different pathological types. The purpose of the study is to explore the factors influencing the progression of the early-stage adenocarcinoma, and provide some reference for the follow-up strategy of lung nodules by retrospective analysis of the image data of 143 early-stage adenocarcinoma. Methods 143 cases of the early adenocarcinoma were classified according to the 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors and the Eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification of lung cancer. The volume doubling time was calculated with reference to the revised Schwartz formula. Results Among the 143 cases of the early adenocarcinoma, 50 cases (34.97%) were in progression. By multivarIate analysis, there were several factors associated with the progression of the early adenocarcinoma: the follow-up time, the dimension of nodule, the pathological type, the nodule type and the pathological stage. The VDT of lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) is (594±272) d. The VDT of the invasive adenocarcinoma with lepidic part, but not predominant, is (520±285) d. The VDT of the invasive adenocarcinoma without lepidic part is (371±183) d. Conclusion About 35% of the early adenocarcinoma is in progress. Whether with the lepidic component is a positive factor to the speed of tumor progression.

Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is a new concept which was introduced to the 2011 The International Association for the Study of Cancer (IASLC)/ American Thoracic Society (ATS)/ European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma firstly and an important supplement of The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors. Because AIS is at an early stage of development of lung adenocarcinoma, the deepening understanding of its pathology, differential diagnosis, treatment strategies, has an important significance for the improvement of the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. This review will provide a systematic review of the main progress of occurrence and development, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis and treatment strategy of AIS, in order to provide theoretical basis for the further research of AIS.

Background and objective Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC) is a sparse disease in the past, but there has been a gradual increase in the morbidity of sMPLC recently. However, studies on large sample have never been undertaken. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sMPLC through analyzing the clinical data, and provide supports for the management of sMPLC. Methods According to Martini-Melamed criteria, 357 patients were diagnosed sMPLC. The pathological staging is on the basis of the 8th edition tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging from International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). Results There were 269 patients with double primary lung cancer, 65 patients with triple primary lung cancer and 23 patients with four or more primary lung cancer. Lesions (68.55%, 571/833) were frequently in upper lobe, especially the right upper lobe. Adenocarcinoma (95.56%, 796/833) was the mainly pathological type, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (2.40%, 20/833). The acinar predominant subtype was the main part (70.81%, 313/442) of the all adenocarcinoma specimens. Most of the lesions (68.35%, 244/357) were stage Ib or low. Among the initial lesion and the following lesions ,patients who had the same pathological type (92.72%, 331/357) were more than the different (7.28%, 26/357), of which adenocarcinoma-adenocarcinoma occupied the major proportion (99.40%, 329/331). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year overall survival were respective 91.93% and 84.37%. Multivariate analysis found that smoking history (P=0.012), the diameter of the maximum lesion (P=0.027), lymph node metastasis (P=0.015) and pleural invasion (P

Background and objective With the extensively application of HRCT (high resolution CT) and the popularization of early lung cancer screening, the proportion of small nodullar lung cancer to be operated increases rapidly. Identifying the focus lesions quickly and accurately in operation has shown to be a challenge. We carried out this research trying to make use of and evaluate a new method that localizaes and extracts small peripheral pulmonary nodules by way of simulating radiaotherapy combining methylene blue staining. Methods From February 2012 to January 2015, 97 patients with 100 peripheral pulmonary nodules ≤10 mm in size were simulated puncturing using a radiotherapy planning. When the anaesthesia came into use, methylene blue dye was injected to the virtually identified point corresponding to the surface point, according to the angle and depth previously computed by the radiotherapy planning. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) wedge resections of the marked lesions were undertaken and the specimens were sent for frozen pathologic examination. The interval time from anesthesia-completing to puncture and injection, The interval time from methylene blue injection to identifying the stained area and the distances between the centre point of the stains and edge of coloured lesion were recorded. Results Our preoperative localization procedure was successful in 96 of 100 (96%) nodules. The interval time from anesthesia-completing to puncture and injection of methylene blue were (4.85±1.25) min. The interval time from methylene blue injection to identifying the stained area was (16.36±2.36) min. The distances between the centre point of the stains and edge of coloured lesion were (4.78±2.51) mm. No complication was observed in all participants. Conclusion The new method of locating peripheral pulmonary nodules by simulating simulating radiaotherapy combining methylene blue staining has a high success rate and no complication for localizing small peripheral pulmonary lesions, avoiding the fear and pain of the patients untaken puncture without anaesthesia reducing radial damage.

Although the morbidity of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has been increasing year by year, it is still controversial about pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management strategies of MPLC. This review provides a snapshot of the main progress of pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management strategies of MPLC.

Background and objective Concept of treatment for pulmonary metastatic tumor has been changed. The aim of this study is to analysis of the choice of operation mode and prognosis factors of patients with tumors of the lung metastasis. Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with pulmonary metastases who underwent operations from January 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Difference of conventional open thoracic surgery and thoracoscope surgery was compared. The relationship between gender, age, type of surgery, disease-free interval (DFI), the number of metastatic tumor, the size of tumor, chemotherapy and prognosis was explored. Results Among the patients, there was no perioperative mortality. Postoperative 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 81.3%, 46.5% and 29.2%, the median survival time was 33.8 months. Multivariate analysis showed that DFI, the number and diameter of metastasis tumor were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Reasonable choice of surgical treatment can improve the survival of pulmonary metastatic tumor patient. Thoracoscopic surgery method is preferred. Operation effect of patients with tumor diameter less than 4 cm in solitary pulmonary metastasis has better effect.

Background and objective This study aims to explore the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs) on the lymphangiogenesis of lung cancer with EGFR mutation, as well as to determine the function of EGFR targeted therapy in relation to the inhibition of lymphangiogenesis during lung cancer treatment. Methods The EGFR double mutant lung cancer cell line NCI-H1975 is used to construct lung cancer xenograft models. The models are divided into two groups: the solvent control group and the EGFR-TKI treatment group. Each group includes five mice. The inhibitory effect of EGFR-TKI on the growth of transplanted tumors was observed. Immunohistochemical method and lymphatic endothelium specific antibody D2-40 were used in the experiment to observe the influence of EGFR-TKI on lymphangiogenesis in lung cancer. Results The weight and relative volume of tumors in the EGFR-TKI treated group were less than those in the solvent control group. The average lymphatic vessel density of EGFR-TKI-treated mice was 6.44 per case. This value was 10.70 per case in the solvent control group. Lower density of lymphangiogenesis was found in the EGFR-TKI treated group (P=0.023). The area and longest diameter of neonatal lymphatic vessel of the EGFR-TKI treated group were less than those of the solvent control group. Moreover, EGFR-TKI exhibited no significant effect on the invasion of tumor cells into the lymphatic vessel (P=0.519). Conclusion EGFR-TKI can inhibit lymphangiogenesis in EGFR mutant lung cancer while suppressing vessel diameter and expansion area.

Background and objective More than 35% Ib stage lung cancers have metastasised or recurrenced after operation, whose prognosis still remain poor. There’re much controversy over the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy to them. This aim of this study is investigated the clinical and pathological characters influencing prognosis of the stage Ib non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the indication of postoperative chemotherapy. Methods NSCLC patients (281 cases) who underwent lobectomy were examined. Cox proportional-hazards ratios were used to identify independent prognostic factors for survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated to estimate survival rates. Results Kaplan-Meier analysis show that, cancerous embolus in the blood vessel or lymphatic vessel, histologic grade and tumor location were remarkerbly associated with mortality risk (P

Background and objective To discuss the clinical application of mediastinoscopy in the differential diagnosis and preoperative staging on lung cancer. Methods A total of 361 cases of patients were included in the study, of which 162 cases were undiagnosed mediastinal tumor patients before operation, and 199 patients were suspected or diagnosed with lung cancer or mediastinal lymph nodes enlargment(short diameter ≥1.0 cm). All patients underwent surgery, including 308 cases standard cervical mediastinoscopy (SCM) , 53 cases parasternal mediastinoscopy (PM). Results Taking pathology diagnosis as the gold standard, the mediastinoscopy diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value are 98.11%, 97.62%, 100%, 100%, 91.67% and 98.28%, 98.03%, a 100%, 100%, 100% to mediastinal masses and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. Total seven cases suffered from complications of surgery-related, the complication rate was 1.93 percent (P

Background and objective Lymphatic metastasis is the most important way for the spread of lung cancer and is one of the important factors affecting the prognosis. Existing studies showed that compared to middle or lower lobe NSCLC, upper lobe non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a higher probability of occurring regional mediastinal lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study is to research the prognostic factors and lymphadenectomy of stage Ib upper lobe NSCLC. Methods A retrospective study of 147 consecutive subjects (76 and 71 for right and left upper lobe NSCLC respectively) who had undergone curative resection for stage Ib upper lobe NSCLC was performed. A total of 925 lymph nodes were removed during the surgery in all enrolled patients and a total of 491 mediastinal lymph nodes (266 and 225 for superior and inferior mediastinal lymph nodes respectively) were removed. Kaplan-Meier product method and Log-rank test were used for univariate survival analysis and Cox regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis. Results ①Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor size and number of removed superior mediastinal lymph node stations were the important prognostic factors of stage Ib upper lobe NSCLC; ②For stage Ib right upper lobe NSCLC, station 4 lymph node was of statistical significance to the prognosis (P=0.021); while for stage Ib left upper lobe NSCLC, station 5 lymph node was of statistical significance to the prognosis (P=0.024). Conclusion In surgically treated stage Ib upper lobe NSCLC patients, age, tumor size and number of removed superior mediastinal lymph node stations are the important prognostic factors. And in this kind of patients, lobe-specific systematic lymph node dissection may be a more efficient procedure during the surgery.

Background and objective Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been gradually universal application, but its value in the preoperative staging of lung cancer and mediastinal mass biopsy remains to be explored. The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of clinical application between mediastinoscopy and EBUS-TBNA, desiring to provide an objective basis for the rational choice applications. Methods Between July 2009 and December 2012, mediastinoscopy patients with 361 cases accepted biopsy, including 199 cases of lung cancer and 162 cases of mediastinal mass of unknown origin, EBUS-TBNA patients with 348 cases accepted biopsy, including 216 cases of lung cancer and 132 cases of mediastinal mass. Comparing the diagnostic results and related indicators of two methods, this article analyzed the clinical value both the preoperative staging of lung cancer and the diagnosis of mediastinal mass. Results Taking pathology diagnosis as the gold standard, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of mediastinoscopy and EBUS-TBNA are 98.33%, 98.17%, 100% and 90.80%, 90.00%, 100%. Two techniques in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer have not statistically significant (P>0.05), but in the diagnosis of mediastinal mass have statistical significance (P

Background and objective Treatment of pulmonary carcinoid is a comprehensive modality focusing on surgery. Thus, accurate and timely preoperative and intraoperative pathological diagnoses are very crucial. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the pathological characteristics of pulmonary carcinoid, its natural history, and patterns of disease progression to obtain evidence for clinical decision making. Methods Clinical and pathological data of 32 patients with pulmonary carcinoid were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed. The pathological characteristics and their relationship with clinical diagnosis and treatment effect were systematically studied. Results Among the 32 patients, 18 had typical carcinoid and 14 had atypical carcinoid. The male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1, and the average age was (44±15) years. Almost half of the patients were discovered by accident. The average maximum diameter was (3.1±1.3) cm. About 27 of all 32 cases (84.4%) were stage I, 2 were stage IIa, 2 were stage IIIa, and 1 was stage IV. The follow-up time was 5.2-9.7 years. The 5-year progression free survival of 15 typical carcinoid patients and 12 atypical carcinoid patients were 100% and 92.9%, respectively. The characteristic neuroendocrine morphology and variable expression levels of cytokeratin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and index of Ki-67 were important factors that differentiated pulmonary carcinoid from other tumors. Conclusion Pathological diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoid must combine morphology with immunohistochemistry. Early-stage patients can also achieve good effect after surgery.

Background and objective Studies have shown that tumor metastasis in a variety of tumors is associated with lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI). Tumor metastasis is an important factor that affects the prognosis of patients. The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of lymphangiogenesis and LVI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We marked the endothelial cells of lymph vessels in lymphangiogenesis with specific monoclonal antibody D2-40. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of lymphangiogenesis and LVI in 79 cases of stage I-III NSCLC. Results The intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (ITLVD) was significantly higher in patients with N2 disease than those with N0 disease (P=0.015). The ITLVD was significantly higher in patients with LVI+ than that in those with LVI- (P=0.009). The ITLVD was also remarkably higher in poorly differentiated tumors than that in highly differentiated ones (P=0.007). The ITLVD was remarkably higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous cell carcinomas (P=0.025). Kaplan-Meier revealed that the survival rates of patients with higher ITLVD were remarkably poorer than those with lower ITLVD (P=0.007). Thus, the ITLVD is an important prognostic factor of NSCLC. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density is not correlated with the prognosis. Conclusion The ITLVD level is an important prognostic factor of NSCLC.

Background and objective The aim of this study is to explore the effects of different modes of lymph node dissection in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the survival rate, to study the prognostic factors, and to discuss the clinical application of lobe-specific lymph node dissection. Methods A total of 379 patients with completely resected pathological stage I NSCLC between the years 1998 and 2005 at Shanghai Chest Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 148 were placed in the systematic lymph node dissection group and 150 in the lobe-specific lymph node dissection group. All of them were in pathological stage I (T1a-2aN0M0). The differences between the two groups were compared. Results No statistical difference was found between the two sets of data in terms of the clinical and pathological features of distribution (P>0.05). The overall survival distribution between the two groups had no statistical difference (P>0.05). The pathological stage, pathological type, and tumor size significantly differed between the two groups. The duration of surgery, blood loss, blood transfusion, drain secretion, duration of drainage, and duration of hospital stay also significantly differed between the two groups (P

Pulmonary peripheral tiny lesions are difficult to be localized during operation. The current each preoperative localization methods still exist defects and limited to application which can not adapt to urgent need for increasing numbers of the clinical pulmonary tiny lesions. This paper intends to summarize the present relevant progress, and introduce our recent attempt to explore a new method.

Background and objective Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a member of the VEGF family, has been proven to be a relatively special VEGF. When binding to its receptor VEGFR-3, it activates lymphangiogenesis, which likely induces lymph node metastasis in tumors. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression and prognostic value of VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Through immunohistochemistry, the lymph vessel endothelial cells undergoing lymphangiogenesis were stained with podoplanin to detect the expression of VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis in 98 cases with stage IIIa (N2) lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Results The expression rate of the VEGF-C was positively correlated with the lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD; r=0.783, P

Background and objective The acute inflammatory, as manifest by alterations in white cell count and circulating concentrations of acute-phase proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin, has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor in various cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to observe the relation between CRP level before operation and clinical characteristics of NSCLC stage I, and its prognostic value. Methods Data of ninety-six NSCLC stage I cases under total operational excision from Jan 2000 to Jan 2004 were reviewed. The difference of CRP level in different characteristics was analyzed by ANOVA. Distributions and comparisons of survival according to CRP level were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test. COX regression model was used to analyze prognostic factors of NSCLC. Results Sixty-six cases had a CRP level of ≤5 mg/L. The level of CRP in patient with squamous cell carcinoma was remarkably higher than that with nonsquamous cell carcinoma (P3 cm was significantly higher than that in tumor diameter < 3 cm (P5 mg/L group than that in CRP≤5 mg/L group (54.1% vs 78.2%, P=0.021). COX model found CRP level was an independent prognostic factor of stage I NSCLC. Conclusion The pre-operational CRP level of stage I NSCLC is positively related to the maximum diameter of tumor. CRP level is probably a poor prognostic factor for stage I NSCLC.

Systematic nodes dissection be the standard procedure for lung cancer during operation. While Surgery for early lung cancer lymph node removal method has been controversial, particularly for clinical early stage non-small cell lung cancer that has presenced several methods of lymph node dissection. In this article, methods of lymph node dissection in the stage I non-small cell lung cancer, especially lobe-specific lymph node dissection of the way, are summarized.

Background and objective The new edition of the TNM staging for lung and pleural tumours has been finished, which put weight on the extent of primary tumor as one of the important prognosises. But little study has performed on the primary tumor extent ≤2 cm. The aim of this study is to explore the prognosis of patients with tumor extent ≤2 cm in stage I of non-small cell lung cancer, which helps us to choose the best treatment for these patients. Methods Retrospective study on the clinical response and survival time of whom underwent complete surgical resection and diagnosed as T1a of stage I NSCLC from 1998 to 2004 was analyzed. Data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results Overall survival rate was 80.8%. By the study, age (P=0.241), gender (P=0.175), history of smoking (P=0.845), pathologic type (P=0.265), and systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (SML)(P=0.918) or not, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or not (P=0.616) and visceral pleural invasion (P=0.827) were not the prognosises of these patients. Only the tumor differentiation such as poorly differentiated was the important prognosis (P=0.01). Conclusion In the tumor extent ≤2 cm of stage I non-small cell lung cancer, the visceral pleural invasion maybe not influence the patients survival. The tumor differentiation is one of the important prognostic factors.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen of high risk in marine foods. In this study, an antimicrobial peptide designated FAH34 (amino acid sequence: KTISFILK) was identified from distiller's grains Larimichthys crocea, and its thermal stability, antibacterial activity, and mechanism of action against V. parahaemolyticus explored. Peptide FAH34 had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.80 µg/mL, while time-kill analysis showed that bacteria numbers decreased time-dependently from 5.06 lg(CFU/mL) to 0 lg(CFU/mL) within 3 h upon treatment with FAH34. Transmission electron microscopy examination revealed that FAH34 caused the destruction of bacteria membranes resulting in the leakage of bacterial contents. Besides, heat treatment (80 °C for 30 min or 121 °C for 15 min) of FAH34 did not significantly affect its antibacterial activity. Moreover, peptide FAH34 (with and without heat treatment) did not significantly affect the viability of LO2 cells. Additionally, FAH34 could reduce bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus) counts to 0-0.40 lg (CFU/mL) in fish and marinade. These findings indicate that peptide FAH34 can be used as a biological preservative against V. parahaemolyticus in fermented foods or thermally processed foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--It is of great practical significance to evaluate the effectiveness of the value realization of forest ecological products for promoting the coordinated development of economic and ecological benefits and promoting the transformation of "Two Mountains". (2) Methods--Based on the four subsystems of natural environment quality, forestry activities, value transformation and policy guarantee, this paper established an evaluation index system of the effectiveness of value realization of forest ecological products, and evaluated the effectiveness of value realization of forest ecological products in 90 counties (districts and cities) in Zhejiang Province by using entropy weight TOPSIS model. (3) Results--There is an obvious gap in the overall effectiveness level of the value realization of forest ecological products in the four regions of Zhejiang Province. In southern Zhejiang, the counties (districts and cities) where the overall effectiveness of forest ecological products value reaches an excellent level account for 57% of the total, showing a strong spatial agglomeration, and the high-value areas are concentrated in mountainous and hilly areas, most of which are located in and around Lishui City. In western Zhejiang, the counties (districts and cities) where the overall effectiveness of forest ecological products value reaches an excellent level accounted for 44% of the total, and the spatial distribution is relatively balanced. The counties (districts and cities ) in northern Zhejiang and eastern Zhejiang where the overall effectiveness of forest ecological product value reach the excellent level accounted for 27% and 14% of the two regions respectively. The overall effectiveness level of southern and western Zhejiang is higher than that of northern and eastern Zhejiang. The average approximation value of forestry activities subsystem (0.634) is higher than that of other subsystems. The average approximation value of the policy guarantee subsystem (0.621) reaches a good level of effectiveness. The average approximation value of the natural environment quality subsystem (0. 546) and the average approximation value of the value transformation subsystem (0.493) reach the moderate level of effectiveness. The effectiveness of subsystem value of forest ecological products in northern and southern Zhejiang is better than that in northern and eastern Zhejiang. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, the two regions of southern Zhejiang and western Zhejiang give full play to the advantages of natural resources and actively promote the value realization of the forest ecological products with strong policy support. With the coordinated development of the four subsystems of natural environment quality, forestry activities, value transformation and policy guarantee, the effectiveness of value realization of the forest ecological products is significantly higher than that of northern and eastern Zhejiang. Second, the effectiveness of value realization of forestry activities subsystem and policy guarantee subsystem is higher, which indicates that Zhejiang Province actively carries out forestry activities and improves the policy guarantee level, which has a positive impact on the value realization of the forest ecological products. Third, the two sub-systems of natural environment quality and value transformation are the main factors that lead to the regional differences of the effectiveness level of value realization of forest ecological products. Therefore, in the regions with low effectiveness level of value realization of forest ecological products, continuous investment is needed to promote the improvement of natural environment quality, broaden the marketization channels for realizing the value of forest ecological products to improve the diversified paths of value transformation, and thus promote the improvement of the overall effectiveness level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of aircraft structure X-ray images evaluation，there are some problems such as inaccurate crack segmentation and difficult crack detection under complex background. An intelligent evaluation model （ELAN-Seg） for X-ray crack images of aircraft structures is proposed based on efficient layer aggregation network. The ELAN-Seg model is compared with the DeepLabv3+ model in the crack segmentation ability of the Xray images. Combined with image processing technology，the crack length of model segmentation is evaluated，and the model is verified by X-ray images acquired during aircraft strength test and field maintenance. The results show that the segmented minimum crack length is about 3 mm，the ELAN-Seg model is more accurate in crack segmentation of complex background X-ray images，and the crack detection rate is less than 3.8%. The proposed model has engineering applicability.

Tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) is the center component of tumor microenvironment (TME), ECM diversity constitutes the inherent heterogeneity of TME that contributes to tumor growth, dormancy, drug resistance, and metastasis. Discoidin domain receptor 1 is one of the ECM receptors that interact with multiple ECM ligands. It also regulates the occurrence and development of tumors. Accordingly, DDR1 plays an increasingly important role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. In this review, we primarily summarize the research of ECM and its receptors with components, regulation, cell receptors, and signaling pathways in tumor progression.

Since widely accepted by international scholars, Voussoir Beam Theory proposed by Academician Minggao Qian helps the research on underground mining pressure realize leapfrog development from the stage of qualitative hypothesis to quantitative analysis. In the past forty years, an integral system has been formed for strata movement theory and strata control technique, contributing to safe, efficient and green mining of underground coal seams. By underlining the voussoir beam theory, critical developments on strata movement and its control have been reviewed. Important topics are proposed for future research. In the voussoir beam theory, rupture characteristics of main roof are studied with beam and thin plate models. It is revealed fracturing line of main roof locates ahead of the longwall face. Due to supporting effects provided by coal wall and caving materials, the rotation of broken blocks of main roof results in the occurrence of compressive force, forming the voussoir beam structure. Both slipping and rotating instability modes of the structure are identified. The S-R instability conditions are determined. Based on such understanding, determination method for roof load is proposed through keeping the balance of voussoir beam structure, realizing quantitative analysis on the relation between hydraulic support and surrounding rock. Until now, the voussoir beam structure stands as the most impeccable model for explaining underground mining pressure. It is a major breakthrough for conventional qualitative hypothesis, which makes historic contributions to living safety and working efficiency of the miners. The Voussoir Beam Theory further brings about many achievements on strata control, including three-coupling relation between hydraulic support and surrounding rock, dynamic load model for roof control, medium plate model, far-near field model in longwall face with large space etc. Based on the voussoir beam theory, the key stratum theory is moreover proposed by Minggao Qian in the middle of the 1990s. Mechanical relation between different overburden strata is established during movement process. Coordinative analysis on mining pressure, strata movement and surface subsidence is realized. The Voussoir Beam Theory and key stratum theory provide significant guidance on the research of coal mining pressure and strata movement, contributing to a series of theoretical developments, such as mining pressure control at the face area, mining induced fracture distribution in strata, mining induced stress distribution, strata movement and surface subsidence. Such achievements serve as the foundation of green mining and scientific mining. Further development of the theory should pay attention to unified field theory for strata movement, strata movement based accident and damage prevention technique, strata movement under complex mining conditions, visualization of strata movement and intelligent strata control.

The intelligent surrounding rock control at longwall working face is the necessary condition to realize the intelligent mining of working face. This paper redefined the connotation of the surrounding rock system at longwall working face and clarified the scope of surrounding rock control and clarified the scope of surrounding rock control, which includes small structure of support surrounding rock within its basic topic range in the vertical direction, and the far field rock layer that will have an effect on surrounding rock control at longwall working face. The factors of surrounding rock system at longwall working face are classified, there are "controllable factors" and "uncontrollable factors" according to the mode of action. The points and basic principles of intelligent surrounding rock control are determined. Multi-parameter intelligent detection, precise analysis of pattern discriminations, self-determination, quick implementation and dynamic evaluation of control effects which is technological framework for intelligent control is established. Furthermore, scientific issues and critical technical problems of intelligent surrounding rock control at longwall working face are elaborated. The four key technology assumptions based on this are "intelligent mining system at working face", "adaptive intelligent control technology of equipment-surrounding rock", "intelligent control of complex conditions surrounding rock", and "stability analysis of surrounding rock system at longwall working face under unified coordinate system". The extractability of the information on the working conditions of support is analyzed with the actual case, and the intelligent prediction of mine pressure at longwall working face is realized by the stacked LSTM algorithm.

Objective: In order to realize the rapid detection of benzo[a]pyrene content in barbecue products, a method of detection based on mid-infrared spectrum model was proposed. Methods: The original spectra of 120 barbecue samples were collected by mid-infrared spectroscopy. The original spectra were pretreated by standard normal variable transformation, multivariate scattering correction, first derivative and second derivative. The pretreatment effect of the spectra was evaluated by principal component analysis. The original spectral data were divided into training set and verification set at a ratio of 8∶2 to establish the evaluation model of barbecue products. Results: The R2c, R2p, RMSEC, and RMSEP of the model based on mid-infrared spectrum data were 0.995 1, 0.995 7 and 0.164 4 μg/kg, and 0.116 3 μg/kg, respectively. The residual error of training set samples was small after modeling. The maximum value was 0.406, and the total residual sum tended to zero. Conclusion: This model has strong prediction ability and high accuracy, and can better reflect the content of benzo[a]pyrene in actual barbecue. Thus, this can help to realize the non-destructive and rapid detection of barbecue products and has practical application value in the industry of barbecue products.

After the promulgation and implementation of the Vaccine Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China， the compensation of suspected adverse reactions in China is to be reformed and innovated. There have been attempts at compensation through government finance and insurance， but there has been no precedent for a fund of vaccine-related compensation in China， which means that this could be a new method of solving disputes of compensation for vaccine-related incidences and enhancing public confidence in vaccination. It is suggested that under the current system， we can select a province as a pilot to explore the fund compensation mechanism. The fund comes from special financial allocation， special taxation of vaccine enterprises， fund investment income， charitable donation and other channels. Through a special fund management organization， the independent identification and compensation process can be realized， so as to shorten the current compensation procedure， improve the amount of compensation， ultimately protect the interests of all parties， and promote the steady development of vaccination.

Objective To determine the effects of improvement of G alpha q-protein carboxyl terminus imitation polypeptide (GCIP) on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. Methods After unilateral nephrectomy, 61 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (n=10), DOCA-salt group (n=14), GCIP 0.1 mg/kg group (n=12), GCIP 0.3 mg/kg group (n=12) and GCIP 1.0 mg/kg group (n=13). Except control group, the mice in other groups were given subcutaneous injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate (100 mg/kg) every 2 d and replacement of drinking water with 1% NaCl to prepare cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis model. At the same time, the GCIP groups were given subcutaneous injection of GCIP at corresponding doses, twice a day. Their survival rate was observed every day. The blood pressure (BP) was measured by a tail-cuff blood pressure system every 4 days, and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining in heart tissue were used to evaluate cardiac hypertrophy. Sirius red staining in heart tissue was used to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of α-SMA, p38 and ERK1/2. Results Compared with the control group, the DOCA-salt group had obviously decreased survival rate (43%), increased BP level (25.61%), decreased left ventricular systolic function, and obvious hypertrophy and fibrosis in hear tissue (P < 0.05). GCIP treatment significantly increased survival rate (35%), decreased BP (12.40%), improved left ventricular systolic function and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of α-SMA and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 were increased in the heart tissue of the DOCA/salt-treated mice (P < 0.05), while GCIP treatment reversed above phenomena (P < 0.05). Conclusion GCIP can effectively inhibit DOCA/salt-induced hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which is associated with its inhibition on phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.

This study investigates the AD574, a 12-bit analog/digital converter (ADC) produced by American Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI) using bipolar/I2L technology. The test samples are subjected to a total ionizing dose (TID) of 400 Gy(Si) under 60Co γ irradiation. The samples with and without the TID are then subjected to a single-event upset (SEU) test, and the upset times of the output codes under the input signal conditions of 0 V, 1 V, and 2.5 V are obtained. The test results indicate that, after accumulating a total dose of 400 Gy(Si), the upset of the AD574 output code shifts toward the right of the center code value, resulting in a change in the upset times. Furthermore, the mechanism of the TID-SEU synergistic effect for the AD574 is preliminarily analyzed; it is believed that this phenomenon is related to the sensitivity of the ADC internal comparator single-event transient (SET). The amplitude and width of the SET pulse of the comparator with the TID increase significantly; this causes a change in the AD574 output code value upset distribution and the number of upset times. This study on the TID-SEU synergistic effect serves as a useful reference for aerospace components with radiation hardness.

Yield estimation of fruit tree is one of the important works in orchard management. In order to improve the accuracy of in-situ yield estimation of apple trees in orchard, a method for the yield estimation of single apple tree, which includes an improved YOLOv5 fruit detection network and a yield fitting network was proposed. The in-situ images of the apples without bags at different periods were acquired by using an unmanned aerial vehicle and Raspberry Pi camera, formed an image sample data set. For dealing with no attention preference and the parameter redundancy in feature extraction, the YOLOv5 network was improved by two approaches: 1) replacing the depth separable convolution, and 2) adding the attention mechanism module, so that the computation cost was decreased. Based on the improvement, the quantity of fruit was estimated and the total area of the bounding box of apples were respectively obtained as output. Then, these results were used as the input of the yield fitting network and actual yields were applied as the output to train the yield fitting network. The final model of fruit tree production estimation was obtained by combining the improved YOLOv5 network and the yield fitting network. Yield estimation experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5 fruit detection algorithm could improve the recognition accuracy and the degree of lightweight. Compared with the previous algorithm, the detection speed of the algorithm proposed in this research was increased by up to 15.37%, while the mean of average accuracy (mAP) was raised up to 96.79%. The test results based on different data sets showed that the lighting conditions, coloring time and with white cloth in background had a certain impact on the accuracy of the algorithm. In addition, the yield fitting network performed better on predicting the yield of apple trees. The coefficients of determination in the training set and test set were respectively 0.7967 and 0.7982. The prediction accuracy of different yield samples was generally stable. Meanwhile, in terms of the with/without of white cloth in background, the range of relative error of the fruit tree yield measurement model was respectively within 7% and 13%. The yield estimation method of apple tree based on improved lightweight YOLOv5 had good accuracy and effectiveness, which could achieve yield estimation of apples in the natural environment, and would provide a technical reference for intelligent agricultural equipment in modern orchard environment.

Objective To screen the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and related genes that are significantly associated with essential hypertension among Chinese Tajiks by using exon sequencing and to reveal the unique essential hypertension related gene polymorphisms of the high-altitude minority. Methods A total of 62 Chinese Tajiks (26 in the control group and 36 in the hypertension group) from Tashkurgan County (in the east of Pamir Plateau), Kashgar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in July 2017 were recruited in this study. Their venous blood were collected for DNA extraction to make exon sequencing. According to the significant differences in allele frequency distribution between the 2 groups, the SNP loci associated with essential hypertension were screened out. Finally, after the currently known hypertension-related genes were removed, enrichment analysis was carried out on the remaining genes to find out the most significant enrichment pathway, and the obtained top 5 significantly related SNP loci were further analyzed with genetic association analysis. Results A total of 6 739 SNP loci with statistically significant differences in allele frequency distribution between the 2 groups were screened out, and these loci were located on 3 646 genes in total. The remaining genes were significantly enriched in the regulation of GTPase activity pathway after the removal of currently known hypertension-related genes[log10(P)=-4.06]. Among them, the significantly related SNP loci and their genes were rs17261772(RAB3GAP1), rs7319836(LRCH1), and rs868188(ARHGEF11). Conclusion Regulation of GTPase activity pathway may be involved in the progression of essential hypertension among Chinese Tajiks. The mutation of rs17261772, rs7319836 and rs868188 on this pathway may have an important influence on the risk of hypertension to the high-altitude minority.

In order to explore the effect of different oxygen concentrations in mine goaf on the microscopic characteristics of coal during low temperature oxidation process, we simulated coal oxidation at low temperature under different oxygen concentrations. Through BEL-Max automatic specific surface/pore analysis, steam adsorption instrument and electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR), the change characteristics of pore distribution and free radicals during low temperature oxidation of coal under different oxygen concentrations were obtained. The experimental results show that with the increase of oxygen concentration and oxidation temperature, moisture, volatile matter, BET specific surface area and free radical concentration change in stages. After 130 ℃, the recombination rate of coal and oxygen is accelerated, and the continuous decrease of moisture and volatile matter leads to the development of coal pores, increases the active surface contact area between oxygen and coal, activates the original inactive primary free radicals, participates in the reaction and produces more new free radicals. In the heating range of 200 ℃, the concentration of free radicals (21%) increased by 12.77 × 1017/g.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of phillyrin (PHI) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods Cultured rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were divided into blank control group, LPS (1 μg/mL) group, LPS (1 μg/mL) + PHI (1 μg/mL) group, and LPS (1 μg/mL) + PHI (10 μg/mL) group. We assessed the changes in the proliferation and migration of the cells (HSC-T6) after the treatments using MTT assay and Transwell migration assay, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the cells was determined with flow cytometry, and the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the supernatant were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The expression levels of α-SMA and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in the cells were analyzed with Western blotting. Results PHI from the concentration of 1 to 100 μmol/L did not significantly affect the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells. LPS stimaulation significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of the cells, and such effects were obviously suppressed by PHI treatment at both 1 (16.13% and 17.14%) and 10 μmol/L(48.99% and 58.86%). PHI at 10 μmol/L significantly reduced the expression of α-SMA (27.33%) in HSC-T6 cells exposed to LPS; at both 1 and 10 μmol/L, PHI strongly suppressed LPS-induced elevation of intracellular ROS level(30.03% and 51.26%), lowered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α(23.16% and 39.51%), IL-6(36.57% and 43.75%) and IL-1β(58.99% and 73.01%) and decreased the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65(13.90% and 24.96%) in LPS-stimulated cells. The decreased expression level of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein in HSC-T6 cells was positively correlated with intracellular ROS level, concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β, and the expression level of HSC activation marker α-SMA protein. Conclusion PHI can inhibit HSC activation induced by LPS possibly by down-regulating inflammatory responses mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway.

For bolts on the pitch bearing of the connection between the blade and the hub of the 1. 5 MW wind turbine unit,a method to calculate the fatigue damage value of connecting bolts was proposed. First,a reasonable finite element model was established by ABAQUS and moment load to the center of the blade root was added. Then the bending moment time history spectrum was transformed into the stress time history spectrum by MATLAB. And the stress time history spectrum was processed by the rain flow counting method. Finally,the fatigue analysis of the bolt was calculated by the Miner linear cumulative damage theory and S-N curve. The results showed that the fatigue damage value of the bolt was within the safety range,and the fatigue damage of the bolt before the wind turbine reached the service life was very small. The research work can guide the optimal design of the connecting bolts on the entire wind turbine generator and provide reference for fatigue design and life analysis of bolts.

In order to determine influence of ventilation mode on dust distribution on fully mechanized heading face and explore dust reduction effect under different ventilation modes, the 209 fully mechanized heading face of Longde Coal Mine was taken as research object, and the software of FLUENT was used to simulate distribution of dust in the roadway and dust distribution law and dust reduction effect under combined pumping and pressure ventilation mode. Accuracy of numerical simulation was verified through field measurement. The analysis results show that the dust pollution in the roadway under the forced-in ventilation mode is serious, the area affected by dust is large and settlement is slow; the simulation results are basically the same as the measured dust concentration in the field, which virifies reliability of the numerical simulation results, and furthermore, the rationality of the established mathematical model and its parameter settings is explained; by comparing dust reduction effect of ventilation mode of long-pressure short-pumping and short-pressure long-pumping, the conclusion is got that the ventilation mode of long-pressure short-pumping has the best dust reduction effect when air outlet of the pressure cylinder is 5 m away from the working surface, and the dust concentration can be quickly reduced to below 6 mg/m3.

Objective To investigate the effect of type Ⅰ interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type Ⅱ interferon (IFN-γ) on the expression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1, P110 and P150) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of ADAR1 in human HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 following treatment with different concentrations of IFN-α, IFN-β or IFN-γ. Southern blotting was employed to detect the changes in HBV DNA level in response to IFN-α treatment in Huh7 and HepG2 cells transfected with HBV replication plasmids. Results In Huh7 and HepG2 cells, treatments with IFN-α and IFN-β significantly increased the protein expression of ADAR1 P150 in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01) and also obviously augmented the protein level of ADAR1 P110; IFN-γ did not significantly affected the expression of either ADAR1 P110 or ADAR1 P150. IFN-α treatment dose-dependently inhibited HBV DNA replication in Huh7 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Type Ⅰ interferons time- and dose-dependently increase the expression of ADAR1 in Huh7 and HepG2 cells, suggesting a possible role of ADAR1 in mediating the anti-HBV effect of IFN-α.