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In order to explore the effects of drying methods on the physicochemical properties and structure of Phyllostachys pubescens shoot powder (PPSP), this research used bamboo shoots as raw materials, and used spray drying (SD), hot air drying (HAD) and low-temperature vacuum drying (LVD) to get 3 kinds of PPSP. The nutrient content, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, swelling capacity, color, and other physicochemical properties of samples were compared, and their structures were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the nutritional characteristics of PPSP prepared by different drying methods were significantly different（PLVD>HAD. The L*, a* and b* value of PPSP in the three groups were significantly different in color. The L* value of LVD sample was 77.32, which was significantly higher than that of SD and HAD samples (P

To develop a biscuit product with high dietary fiber content and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of bamboo shoots, Chimonobambusa quadrangularis shoot powder (CQSP) was added to biscuits. Inspected by the effect of CQSP addition, butter addition, sugar addition, baking temperature and baking time on the quality of biscuits, using chroma value, texture properties and sensory evaluation as the index, studied by single factor experiment to optimize the Chimonobambusa quadrangularis shoot biscuits craft formula. The results showed that with the increase of CQSP addition, the a* and b * of biscuits increased. The L* did not change significantly when the content of CQSP was added from 0% to 3%, the brightness of biscuits decreased significantly (P>0.05) when the content of CQSP was added from 4% to 5%, and the hardness, crispness and chewiness of biscuits increased gradually. The hardness, crispness and chewiness of the biscuits decreased with the increase of butter content. The biscuit quality was better, when the content of butter added was 24%. The hardness of the biscuit increased with the increase of sugar content. When the sugar content was 13%~15%, the biscuit hardness was the best. The L* of biscuits gradually decreases with the increase of baking temperature. When the baking temperature was 160~180 ℃, the biscuits become dark obviously. With the increase of baking time, the a* and b * of biscuits increased, the L* gradually decreased, and the hardness, crispness and chewiness of biscuits increased gradually. After single factor optimization, the best formula of CQSP crisp biscuit was CQSP 3%, butter 24%, sugar 13%, baking at 150 ℃ for 25 minutes. Under the technological conditions, the L* of was 71.1, the a* was 2.05, the b* was 27.43, the hardness was 2466.16 g, the crispness was 2050.02 g, the chewiness was 541.29, the sensory score could reach 83.1. The results can provide a theoretical reference for high value utilization of by-products of bamboo shoot processing.

BackgroundLong-term excessive consuming sugar-sweetened beverages have a negative impact on health. In order to decrease the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and create a healthy food environment, the Health Commission of Shenzhen Municipality pioneered to enforce health warning labels presented in commercial locations vending sugar-sweetened beverages based on relevant provisions of the Health Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone，but its effect has not yet been evaluated. ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of presenting health warning labels in commercial locations vending sugar-sweetened beverages in Shenzhen. MethodsA multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to randomly select one street in each of the 10 districts (excluding the Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone) of Shenzhen followed by a convenience sampling to select sampling sites to conduct an undercover investigation on the presentation of health warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages in six different types of venues (n=232) such as shopping malls, ordinary supermarkets/convenience stores, self-service vending machines, catering service places, medical institutions, and venues serving minors' education and activities. At the same time, 238 site managers, 1002 adult consumers, and 7396 child and adolescent consumers were interviewed. ResultsAmong 213 commercial locations vending sugar-sweetened beverages, the rate of health warning label installation was 26.3%, with the highest installation rate in shopping malls (55.0%). Among site managers, 47.8% were aware that commercial locations were required to install health warning labels, and 50.0% were aware of the standards for setting up health warning labels. The higher the awareness of relevant regulations, the higher the rate of installation of health warning labels. More than half of site managers (55.3%) believed that after installing health warning labels, the sales of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages in large-volume packages had decreased compared to the same period in previous years. Most of the interviewed consumers indicated that if they saw the health warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages, they would buy less, give up purchasing, or choose low-sugar or sugar-free beverages, and also discourage their family members or friends from drinking such beverages. Compared with participants without awareness of the health warning labels, both adult and child and adolescent consumers with awareness of the health warning labels believed that the installation is beneficial to their good eating habits and reported a higher proportion of discouraging family members or friends from drinking such beverages, with a lower frequency of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages.ConclusionHealth warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages have a significant effect on promoting behavior changes, and both site managers and citizens have a high level of support for them. However, in view of the low voluntary compliance rate of commercial locations and the installation rate of health warning labels, the publicity and enforcement of the Health Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone should be enhanced.

How to identify deformed landslides in advance and conduct early risk assessments on them has become a research hotspot in the field of geological disaster prevention and control. In response to the above problems, the Jiangdingya landslide in the Bailong River Basin in Zhouqu is taken as a back analysis case, and a comprehensive study of the early identification and risk assessment of the landslide is carried out. In this paper, a full-process analysis method is proposed, which combine the small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology interpretation, geo-mechanical analysis and dynamic process simulation. The research results show that the SABS-InSAR technology interpretation can effectively identify the range of the Jiangdingya landslide and its early deformation. It may be preliminarily determined that the failure mode of the Jiangdingya landslide is trailed and the plane characteristics of the landslide body is generally about 680 m in length and 210 m in width. Based on the early identification information and through geo-mechanical analysis, it is finally identified that the instability problem of the Jiangdingya landslide is a typical deformation problem of the front edge of the old accumulation layer landslide. The failure mode is the traction slip failure, the average thickness of the landslide body is in about 35 m, the overall slope of the sliding bed is relatively slow, and the moving speed is not large after instability. On the basis of the above analyses, a Coulomb friction model that conformed to the sliding friction characteristics of the Jiangdingya landslide body is selected. Based on the depth integral continuum equation, the dynamic process of the Jiangdingya landslide body is calculated and the speed of the landslide body is monitored. In terms of velocity monitoring curves and accumulation pattern, the sliding velocity of the landslide body is not large, the maximum value is about 2.2 m/s, the overall performance is pushing the Bailong River channel, and the possibility of blocking the river is relatively small. In addition, when the displacement of the front edge of the Jiangdingya landslide body is completed, the speed of the landslide body from the front edge to the rear edge quickly drope to zero, and the movement process is characterized by the traction movement. The analysis results of the Jiangdingya landslide in this paper are consistent with the actual event of the Jiangdingya landslide. The comprehensive analysis method and research model can provide a good reference for the early identification and risk assessment of similar landslides in the Bailong River Basin in Zhouqu county.

There are two high-temperature and high-yield geothermal wells, located in the deep ancient buried hill northeast of the Gaoyang geothermal field at the Xiong'an New Area, are constructed by China Geological Survey during the past two years. The successful implementation of the two deep wells reveal that there is a second space for geothermal development in deep Xiong'an New Area. The deep carbonate rock has a high thermal storage temperature, large flow rate, and huge development potential. On the basis of previous studies, this article fully summarizes the latest survey results of geothermal resources in deep buried hills in the northeast of Gaoyang Geothermal Field and these comprehensive analysis show that the heat accumulation mechanism of the study area are as follows: ① Affected by the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate, the eastern North China Craton is significantly damaged, and the thickness of the lithosphere and crust has been greatly reduced, which is conducive to conduct the mantle-derived heat to the shallow depth; ②The regional Marcy fault and other deep strike-slip faults cut through the lithosphere, which contributed to the deep mantle-derived thermal material and deep magma intruding into the crust; ③The heat flow is gathered from the low thermal conductivity depression to the high thermal conductivity. Besides, groundwater is heated by deep cycle and convection along the fault, and the confluence area of regional karst groundwater also has a certain heat accumulation effect. Because of the combined effect of various favorable factors, a high-temperature and high-productivity carbonate type reservoir is formed in the northeast of the Gaoyang geothermal field.

Background and objective There have been several studys about transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) combined with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) so far at home and abroad, yet few studys were especially for patients with lung cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of TBNA combined with ROSE in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods The data of the patients from December 2012 to December 2013, who were performed with TBNA and ultimately diagnosed with lung cancer in the People’s Hospital of Binzhou City, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, ROSE group (rapid on-site evaluation group) and no-ROSE group (the group without rapid on-site evaluation). Among these patients, 37 patients were in the ROSE group and 32 patients were in the no-ROSE group. The result of ROSE and HE stain, the diagnostic yields and needle passes of each lymph node, the complication and cytology diagnostic cost of TBNA with ROSE and without ROSE were compared. Results The coherence of ROSE and HE stain was 94.1% (32/34). The diagnostic yields of TBNA were 91.9% (34/37) and 78.1% (25/32) in ROSE group and no-ROSE group respectively, no significant differences were found. But the median number of needle passes of each lymph node and the percentage of the complication in ROSE group and no-ROSE group was significantly lower (t=29.5, P

In order to reveal the influence of carnosic acid on the quality characteristics of thermal processed rapeseed oil, the changes of color, acid value, peroxide value, tocopherol, viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compound were investigated during thermal processing (180 ℃, 0, 8, 16, 24, 32 h) by adding different concentrations of carnosic acid (0, 200, 400, 700 mg/kg) and 200 mg/kg tert-butylhydroquinone as antioxidants. The results indicated that the addition of 700 mg/kg carnosic acid showed a better performance in the thermal processed rapeseed oil: The color deterioration was delayed and the increase of viscosity was inhibited; the increased value of acid value was the smallest which was from 0.280±0.030 mg/g to 0.757±0.020 mg/g, as well as the minimum peroxide value (0.138 g/100 g) was obtained at 32 h; the loss rate of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were 95.51%±0.96% and 83.37%±0.39%, respectively; the content of polar components was 26.62%±0.03%, prolonging the thermal processing life of rapeseed oil by delaying the increase of total polar compound. It was found that the use of carnosic acid could better control the risk factors in rapeseed oil during thermal processing and reduce the waste of oils.

In order to develop a kind of turmeric bovine colostrum fermented milk with high antioxidant capacity, the formula of turmeric bovine colostrum fermented milk was optimized by response surface analysis on the basis of single factors, with sensory evaluation as the response value, and the physicochemical indexes and antioxidant activity of the product were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal fermentation process of turmeric bovine colostrum was as follows: Curcumin microcapsule dosage of 0.5%, inoculum dosage of 2%, colostrum dosage of 30%, sucrose dosage of 6%, and the sensory score of fermented milk reached 91.24. The hardness of turmeric colostrum fermented milk was 0.97 N, elasticity was 3.96 mm, viscosity was 0.83 N, cohesion was 0.83, viscosity was 0.62 mJ, acidity was 88.63 °T, protein content was 3.98 g/100 g, fat content was 0.46 g/100 g, lactic acid bacteria count was 6.59×108 CFU/mL, no pathogenic bacteria were detected. When the concentration of yogurt was 25%, the scavenging rates of DPPH·, ABTS+· and hydroxyl free radical of turmeric bovine colostrum fermented milk were 89.59%, 95.39% and 63.26%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of turmeric bovine colostrum fermented milk was significantly better than that of ordinary fermented milk.

In this study, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the interaction of composite protectants with IgG mechanisms and changes in IgG structure. The results showed that the compound protective agent had little effect on the peptide skeleton of IgG, but had a great effect on the microenvironment of amino acid residues, which enhanced the polarity of the microenvironment of amino acid residues in IgG. The interaction of compound protective agent and IgG mainly involved hydrogen bond, electrostatic force and hydrophobic force, and caused the secondary structure from to changed from α-helix structure to β-folding, β-turning and random curl structure of IgG tended to disorder the secondary structure. The IgG disulfide bond configurations gradually changed from g-g-g to g-g-t and t-g-t. The results of SEM showed that the compound protective agent formed irregular prismatic crystal complexes on the surface of IgG molecules, differential scanning calorimetry showed that the compound protective agent increased the denaturation temperature of IgG from 71.76 ℃ to 87.22 ℃, and decreased the enthalpy change of IgG from 6.51 J/g to 4.68 J/g. The results showed that the conformation of IgG molecule was changed by compound protective agent, which enhanced the thermal stability of IgG.

【Objective】The light condition is one of the key factors that affect the tissue culture efficiency of Anthurium andraeanum. The effects of different LED light quality ratio and light intensity on different stages of A. andraeanum tissue culture were studied to explore these light conditions suitable for each stage of tissue culture of A. andraeanum and provide an important technical reference for efficient tissue culture of A. andraeanum.【Method】The new A. andraeanum cultivar Fuxing was used as the experimental material, and the effects of different proportions of red and blue LED light ratio and light intensity on callus induction, proliferation culture and strong seedling culture of A. andraeanum Fuxing were analyzed.【Result】The LED red light quality was more suitable for the callus induction of A. andraeanum Fuxing, the 10% R light quality condition with light intensity of 100 lx had the highest callus induction rate of 79.58%, and the callus mass was yellow-green, compact, large in volume and good in state, which was suitable for the callus induction of A. andraeanum Fuxing leaves. The light quality ratio of R ∶ B = 3 ∶ 1 was suitable for callus proliferation culture of A. andraeanum Fuxing, and the proliferation coefficient was the highest (6.44) when the light intensity was 600 lx. Compared with WL light conditions, R ∶ B = 4 ∶ 1 light quality ratio was more suitable for the callus bud differentiation culture of A. andraeanum Fuxing, when the light intensity was 1 000 lx, the number of callus proliferation and differentiation was 19.44, and the buds were short and strong with good growth potential, without yellow leaf phenomenon. The light quality ratio suitable for the tissue culture seedling culture of A. andraeanum Fuxing at the strong seedling stage was R∶B = 4∶1, the light intensity was 900 lx, the number of roots of the strong seedlings of was more, with an average of 5.67, the plant height was 2.88 cm, the stem diameter was 1.44 mm, the leaf length was 11.69 mm, the leaf width was 8.54 mm, the plant leaf was large, the SPAD value was 39.23, the chlorophyll content of the leaf was higher, and the overall growth of the plant was robust without yellow leaf phenomenon.【Conclusion】LED light conditions have an impact on callus induction, proliferation culture, and strong seedling culture of A. andraeanum Fuxing in tissue culture. According to the lighting requirements at different stages of A. andraeanum tissue culture, selecting appropriate LED light quality ratio and light intensity conditions can effectively improve the callus induction rate, proliferation rate and tissue culture seedling production quality of A. andraeanum in tissue culture, and provide technical support for the efficient and standardized production of new A. andraeanum cultivar Fuxing.

【Objective】A comprehensive evaluation and prediction of ecological risks of cultivated land in Guangzhou City was carried out to effectively reveal the evolution relationship of between the pattern of cultivated land use and the ecological environment, with a view to serving the construction of ecological civilization in Guangzhou City.【Method】Based on the relative risk model, the study tried to construct a new index system for evaluating the ecological risks of cultivated land, which followed the main risk path of "problem formation-analysis stage -risk characterization-zoning prevention and control". And a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risks of cultivated land in Guangzhou from 2000 to 2018 was conducted; with the data of various indicators of Guangzhou City at five-year intervals from 2000 to 2015 as initial values, the grey prediction model was used to forecast the ecological risks of cultivated land in the study area in 2020-2025. And corresponding measures to regulate and optimize the ecological risks of regional cultivated land were proposed.【Result】The ecological risk of cultivated land in Guangzhou was at lower risk status from 2000 to 2005, and the average indexes of the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risk of cultivated land in 2000 and 2005 were 0.3327 and 0.3272, respectively; the ecological risk of cultivated land in Guangzhou was at low risk status from 2010 to 2018, and the average indexes for the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risk of cultivated land in 2010, 2015 and 2018 were 0.3296, 0.3016 and 0.3078, respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the cultivated land of low risk- and lower risk- level held a dominant post, and the higher ecological risk areas (Zone Ⅳ) were mainly located in Tianhe District and Huangpu District, and the high ecological risk areas (Zone Ⅴ) located in northeastern of Baiyun District and northwestern of Huangpu District. The ecological risk level of cultivated land in Guangzhou will be at low risk status before 2025, with the predicted risk index of 0.2836.【Conclusion】Based on the above research results, the ecological risk status of cultivated land in Guangzhou shows an improving trend in the past study period, from the lower risk status in 2000-2005 to a low risk status in 2010-2018. In the short to medium term, the ecological risk status of cultivated land in Guangzhou will remain at a low risk level, and the relationship between natural environment, socio-economic development and landscape pattern of cultivated land should be continuously harmonized.

In order to efficiently enrich IgG, reduce waste of bovine colostrum and improve the product value, the combined microfiltration-ultrafiltration technology was used to enrich IgG in bovine colostrum whey. First, the application of microfiltration technology in the sterilization of bovine colostrum whey was studied, and its operation process was optimized. Second, bovine colostrum whey after microfiltration sterilization was enriched by ultrafiltration technology, on the basis of single factor experiment, the ultrafiltration process was optimized by response surface, and the quality of enriched bovine colostrum whey was analyzed. The results showed that the best process parameters of bovine colostrum whey microfiltration were: Microfiltration pressure was 0.2 MPa, temperature was 30 ℃, the best process parameters of ultrafiltration enrichment were: Ultrafiltration pressure was 0.15 MPa, temperature was 35 ℃, concentration multiple was 6 times and dilution times was 4 times. According to these conditions, microfiltration-ultrafiltration operation of bovine colostrum whey was carried out, IgG concentration rate was 58.19%, and the membrane flux was 204.46 L/m2·h. The quality analysis of enriched bovine colostrum whey showed: The IgG content was 22760 µg/mL, IgG activity was 718.31 IU/L, protein content was 7.86%, fat content was 0.035%, and the total number of colonies was 2.4 lg CFU/ mL. This study provides a reference for further development and comprehensive utilization of IgG in bovine colostrum whey.

Objective To study and analyze the characteristics of 56-60 years old apheresis platelet donors and the results of pre-donation blood testing in Tianjin, so as to provide reference for the management of blood stations and the maintenance and retention of blood donors. Methods The information of platelet donors were collected by Tianjin Blood Center from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2021.The donors aged 56-60(the observation group) were compared with donors aged 18-55(the control). The number of blood donations, male to female ratio, donation frequency, proportion of two-therapeutic-amount donation, rate of deferred donation, incidence of adverse reactions to blood donation, etc of the two groups were studied. The pre-donation test results of the two groups were also compared through the analysis of the unqualified factors of blood routine. Results From 2012 to 2021, there were 2 837 platelet donors aged 56-60 in Tianjin, and the donation frequency and proportion of two-therapeutic-amount donation were significantly higher than those in the control. The blood routine indexes were significantly different between two groups, but all fluctuated within the normal range(P

【Objective】Tissue culture is one of the important ways for rapid propagation of Aglaonema commutatum, the factors affecting leaf color in tissue culture were studied and explored to maintain the redness of leaf color, and to provide technical references for further stabilizing efficient tissue culture technology and regulating leaf color of A. commutatum with red leaves.【Method】Taking A. commutatum 'Guanghuahong' with red leaves as experimental material, the effects of proliferation medium, proliferation mode, light intensity and light quality on leaf color of A. commutatum were studied.【Result】The improved MS medium supplemented with 0.5 g/L K2SO4 was used for proliferation culture, and the proliferation and differentiation seedlings were more robust, with brighter leaf color, and the transplanting seedling rate was 90.00%.The leaf color of tissue culture seedlings cultured by the proliferation of clustered buds was more stable than that cultured by the proliferation of callus, and the transplanting seedling rate was higher. In the stages of proliferation and rooting, when the light intensity was 4 000 lx, the red plaque area increased, and the transplanting seedling rate was higher (88.89%). Under the light quality condition of red light : blue light = 3∶7, the lowest total content of chlorophyll in leaves was 0.037 mg/g, and the highest relative content of anthocyanin was 0.399 Units/g, and the leaves were red and brilliant.【Conclusion】Using the improved proliferation medium, adopting the proliferation mode of clustered buds, adjusting the light intensity and changing the red and blue light quality ratio can effectively maintain the redness of leaves and improve the production efficiency of tissue culture.

Objective To compare and study the characteristics of blood donors with and without adverse reactions to apheresis platelet donation(ARAPD), and to study the influencing factors of blood donors participating in blood donation again, so as to provide basis for putting forward scientific and reasonable countermeasures and retaining blood donors to the greatest extent. Methods 157 679 platelet donors from Tianjin Blood Center from December 26, 2015 to December 25, 2020 were selected and divided into ARAPD group(n=168) and non-ARAPD group (n=157 511). Such characteristics as sex, age, height, weight, blood type, educational background, first-time donation or not, platelet count, hematocrit, phlebotomy time, circulating blood volume and anticoagulant dosage of the two groups were analyzed. Chi-square test was used to identify the high-risk population with poor blood donation response. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to study the influencing factors of blood donors returning. Results The age, height and weight of ARAPD group were lower than those of the non-ARAPD group, and the proportion of first-time blood donors, the proportion of women and phlebotomy time were higher than those of non-ARAPD group. There was little difference between the two groups in circulating blood volume, anticoagulant dosage, pre- and post-donation platelet count and hematocrit. Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of ARAPD were age, educational background, first-time donation or not and phlebotomy time, among which age and first-time donation or not were positively correlated, education and phlebotomy time were negatively correlated (P

In order to improve the photocatalytic properties of ZnO, the cyclized polyacrylonitrile(CPAN) modified zinc oxide(ZnO) nanocomposites are prepared by impregnation method. The size, morphology, internal structure of ZnO/CPAN nanocomposite and ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The UV-light photocatalytic activity of ZnO/CPAN is evaluated with methyl orange as model pollutant under UV-light irradiation. The results of photocatalytic experiment show that the CPAN modified ZnO can significantly improve the UV-light photocatalytic activity of ZnO particles. When the mass ratio of ZnO/CPAN is 1 000∶1, the heat treatment temperature is 150 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 30 min, the photocatalytic activity is the highest.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) in the treatment of gastric polyps with a diameter of 5-10 mm. Methods A total of 161 patients with 313 polyps who were found to have sessile gastric polyps with a diameter of 5-10 mm by gastroscopy and underwent gastric polypectomy in Laoshan Campus, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, from 2021 to 2022 were enrolled, and according to the surgical procedure for polypectomy, they were divided into CSP group with 88 patients (162 polyps) and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) group with 73 patients (151 polyps). The two groups were compared in terms of the complete resection rate and en bloc resection rate of gastric polyps, immediate bleeding rate, the rate of use of titanium clip during surgery, delayed bleeding rate, delayed gastric perforation rate, postoperative infection rate, and various inflammatory indicators after surgery. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the complete resection rate and en bloc resection rate of gastric polyps, immediate bleeding rate, delayed bleeding rate, delayed gastric perforation rate, and postoperative infection rate (P>0.05), and compared with the HSP group, the CSP group had a significantly lower rate of use of titanium clip (χ2=13.482,P

The contamination status of cold resistant Morganella psychrotolerans in commercially available aquatic products was investigated, and the generation of histamine by its isolates was explored. A total of 100 samples of commercially available fish from Guangdong province were surveyed. The results revealed a widespread distribution of M. psychrotolerans with a contamination rate of 34%. The contamination rates for red-fleshed and white-fleshed fish were 35.9% and 27.3%, respectively. Specifically, the mackerel samples had a contamination rate of 38.24%, and the tuna samples had a contamination rate of 29.41% among all positive samples. Sixteen strains of M. psychrotolerans were isolated from the positive samples, and all isolates produced histamine levels exceeding 1 000 mg/L after 48 h incubation at 20 ℃. Notably, isolate 1 showed higher histamine-producing capacity than the type strain. Although the two strains exhibited no significant differences in growth curves at varying temperatures (4 and 20 ℃), their histamine-producing capacities were different. After 10 days of culture at 4 ℃, histamine production was higher by isolate 1 than the type strain, while the opposite result was observed after 60 h of culture at 20 ℃. These findings offer crucial theoretical support for addressing the problem of histamine accumulation in cold chain aquatic products.

In this study, the effect of fermentation with Bacillus subtilis B-2, a salt-tolerant strain capable of producing high yield of protease, on the microbial community and the contents of biogenic amines and amino acid nitrogen (AAN) during the fermentation of low-salt fish sauce. The results of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that fermentation with B-2 reduced the richness and evenness of the microbial community, Bacillus was dominant throughout the fermentation process and the abundance of spoilage microorganisms significantly decreased. B-2 significantly inhibited the formation of histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine, and their contents at the end of fermentation decreased by 25.9%, 35.6%, 23.6% and 9.3%, respectively, compared with those in naturally fermented fish sauce. The content of AAN in low-salt fish sauce was significantly improved by inoculated fermentation, reaching 1.23 g/100 mL after 15 days of fermentation, which was significantly higher than that of naturally fermented fish sauce (0.79 g/100 mL). The correlation network map showed that the decrease in the abundance of Brevibacterium, Dietzia, Paracoccus, Aequorivita, and Brachybacterium was the major reason for the decrease in microbial diversity at the late stage of fermentation of naturally fermented fish sauce. The abundance of Stenotrophomonas showed a significantly positive correlation with the contents of many biogenic amines in naturally fermented and B-2 fermented fish sauce, suggesting its important role in the formation of biogenic amines in low-salt fish sauce. Comparative analysis of the microbial community and quality attributes at the end of fermentation showed that the metabolism of B-2 was the main reason for the decrease in the species and abundance of spoilage microorganisms, the increase in AAN content, and the decrease in the contents of key biogenic amines. B. subtilis B-2 is expected to be developed as a special fermentation starter for fish sauce to improve the quality and safety of rapidly fermented low-salt fish sauce.

In order to improve the small intestinal digestibility of rice analogues (RA) and to enhance the nutritional value of the product, rice and potato flour blends were used as raw materials to prepare RA by direct extrusion modification using chemical or biological modifiers combined with high-temperature puffing. The internal structure and nutritional characteristics of RA were analyzed. The results showed that potato starch and amylase enhanced the digestive resistance of RA. The tested chemical modifiers mainly affected the structure and physicochemical properties of starch, in turn increasing the apparent viscosity and decreasing the degree of hydrolysis and digestibility of RA. Octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) played a promoting role in the initial stage of intestinal digestion. Propylene oxide (HPPO) reduced the particle size and increased the storage modulus (G’) of RA. Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) increased the particle size and G’ of RA. α-Amylase promoted the decomposition of large particles, led to even distribution of proteins on the surface of particles, and inhibited digestion. High-temperature expansion promoted starch decomposition in the early stage of intestinal digestion. Digestion results showed that the combinatorial effect of extrusion modification and high-temperature puffing weakened the film-forming capability of potato starch, which effectively inhibited the decomposition of the starch and weakened the digestive reaction when it just entered the intestine.

Fatigue driving is one of the main factors that threaten the safety of drivers and traffic. Efficient and accurate fatigue driving detection method can effectively ensure the safety of drivers and their surrounding traffic, maintain traffic order, and reduce property losses and casualties. The fatigue driving detection method based on the driver’s physiological characteristics and vehicle driving information has many limitations, such as being unfriendly to the driver and having numerous influencing factors. Therefore, the fatigue driving detection method based on the driver’s facial features has become a research hotspot. Firstly, the facial feature performance of fatigue driving is described, and advantages, disadvantages and application scenarios of common public datasets in the field of fatigue driving are summarized. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of common face detection algorithms in the field of fatigue driving detection are analyzed and studied by using open datasets and comparative experiments. Then, this paper generalizes the process of detection methods based on driver facial features, whose methods and technologies used in the key steps are reviewed. Furthermore, fatigue discriminant parameters and methods of fatigue driving results prediction are summarized. Finally, this paper ends with a discussion of current challenges of fatigue driving detection methods based on driver facial features and looks forward to the future research.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in re-operation for anastomosis recurrence rectal cancer. Methods Five patients with anastomosis recurrence rectal cancer underwent TaTME at Ruijin Hospital between April 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The peri-operative situation, pathological examination, and short-term follow-up results were analyzed. Results All cases were operated laparoscopic TaTME successfully. The operative time was (206.00±19.49) min without intraoperative complications. One case encountered incorrect dissection plane. Anastomotic leakage occurred in one case and anastomotic stenosis developed in another case. The specimens quality of mesorectum deemed complete in all cases without both positive circumferential resection margin and positive distal resection margin. There was (15.20±2.39) months of median follow-up and one case found defecation disorder. Tumor recurrence, metastasis and tumor-related death were not found. Conclusions For patients with anastomosis recurrence rectal cancer, laparoscopic TaTME procedure is novel type and would be safe and effective surgical approach with satisfactory short-term follow-up.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, biological behavior, prognosis, and treatment options of patients with primary epithelioid angiosarcoma(EA) of the bladder. Methods: The clinical manifestations, histological features, immunohistochemistry results and follow-up of a case of primary EA of the bladder were analyzed：Relevant literature from 1998 up to 2021 were searched on PubMed， and 17 cases with relatively complete clinical and follow-up data reported in the literature were summarized. Results: Primary EA of the bladder is rare, males tend to occur (male: female, 15∶3), the median age at presentation was 65 years (range, 32-85 years), and 8 patients (8/18 cases)(44.4%) had a clear history of radiotherapy to the pelvis. Most of them had local recurrence and distant metastasis within a short period of time. During follow-up 12 of the 18 cases (66.7%) died of disease, with a median survival of 6 months (range, 5 weeks to 19 months), 6 of 18 cases (33.3%) survived with or without disease, the follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 32 months. Histologically, the tumors were composed of sheets and sinusoid of highly atypical epithelioid cells. Tumor cells were pleomorphic with amphophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic activity was high and pathological mitotic could be seen. Intracytoplasmic lumens or vacuoles were present with occasional red blood cell within the vacuole. A hemorrhagic background was present. Immunostaining was positive for Vimentin, CD31, CD34, ERG, Fli-1 and CK-P, with partly positivity for CK7, Ki-67 hot spot about 40%. Conclusions: Bladder primary EA is rare. Some patients have a history of pelvis radiotherapy and are highly malignant. The therapentic effect and prognosis are not satisfied. Radical surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and other treatment options may prolong survival. Because the immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin is positive, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as high-grade cancer. It needs to be differentiated from post-radiotherapy sarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, pseudoangiosarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, et al.