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The large number of network elements in the mega-constellations pose a severe challenge to the existing network architecture and technical system.Based on the concept and characteristics of constellation architecture, combined with the development of domestic and foreign satellite constellations and technology prediction, a multi-layer and multi-domain hybrid intelligent cooperative network architecture was proposed, which consist of four layers (perception plane, data plane, control plane, intelligent management plane) and three layers (resource layer, transport layer, service layer) , the architecture of constellation network management and control, technology reference model and protocol architecture were designed.At the same time, accorded to the construction and development trend of constellation, this paper expounded and analyzed the evolution trend of the key technologies, such as constellation network addressing and routing, network robust agile guarantee, differentiated service bearing, end-to-end reliable transmission, etc.The research results could support the development and construction of LEO giant constellation network in our country.

BackgroundPer- and polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are categorized as persistent organic pollutants and commonly detected in humans, and their toxicity has attracted widespread attention. However, few studies have reported comparison of PFAS levels and potential factors between women pregnant using assisted reproduction technology (ART) and women pregnant naturally. ObjectiveTo analyze and compare serum concentrations and sociodemographic determinants of PFAS in pregnant women conceiving through ART and conceiving naturally from Shanghai. MethodsBased on the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019, 333 pregnant women conceiving through ART and 689 pregnant women conceiving naturally were recruited during the same period as study subjects. The concentrations of 32 PFAS were measured in early-pregnancy serum of all pregnant women, and four PFAS with the highest co-exposure levels in both groups were included in the subsequent analysis. Multiple linear regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of sociodemographic factors with serum PFAS concentrations in the two groups respectively. Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were exponentiated to calculate the ratio of the geometric mean (GM) of PFAS concentrations after each unit change in the independent variable.ResultsPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic acid (6∶2 Cl-PFESA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) were four major PFAS in serum of pregnant women conceiving through ART and conceiving naturally, and the concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and 6∶2 Cl-PFESA were higher in pregnant women conceiving through ART than in pregnant women conceiving naturally (P 300000 CNY had lower serum concentrations of PFOA [GM ratio (95%CI): 0.82 (0.72, 0.95) and 0.89 (0.81, 0.97), respectively] and PFHxS [GM ratio (95%CI): 0.66 (0.51, 0.86) and 0.77 (0.66, 0.90), respectively] than those women whose household annual income

BackgroundPesticide exposure may impact the reproductive health of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, data on pesticide exposure levels in women undergoing ART in China are scarce, and current research on influencing factors is limited. ObjectiveTo evaluate the preconceptional pesticide exposure levels and identify potential determinants among women undergoing ART. MethodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional survey and recruited 508 women undergoing ART from July 2017 to December 2018 at the fertility clinic of the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the metabolite concentrations of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs), and neonicotinoid pesticides (NEOs) in urine. The sum of molar concentrations of the three pesticide classes (∑2OPs, ∑2PYRs, and ∑2NEOs) were calculated. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and behavioral information. Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the associations of demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and behavioral variables with the concentrations of pesticide metabolites in urine among the participants. ResultsThe median creatinine-adjusted concentrations of ∑2OPs, ∑2PYRs, and ∑2NEOs in this study were 419.77, 2.95, and 20.36 nmol·g−1, respectively. The multiple linear regression results showed that the urinary concentration of ∑2OPs was 42.88% higher in the participants with daily vegetable intake than in those who consumed vegetables ≤3 d per week (P

The architecture of satellite Internet composed of LEO satellites with remote sensing/inter-satellite and satellite-earth networking, on-board edge computing functions, and ground cloud computing centers, and various types of terminals such as sky, near space, space, ground, sea terminals was put forward.The functional architecture of on-board edge computing, included resource layer, virtualization layer, service layer, service management layer and application layer was given.On the basis of proposed the construction method of on-board edge computing simulation and verification system, a satellite Internet simulation and verification system serving space sensing services was designed, and space-based sensing information processing and distribution experiments were carried out.According to the comparison of network resource occupation and user service delay with different information processing and distribution methods, the capability level of satellite Internet for space sensing services under different capability conditions were analyzed.

ObjectiveTo understand the relative bioavailability （RBA） of cadmium in different aquatic products. Based on the consideration of the gender differences and the relative bioavailability of cadmium in different foods， the physiologically based toxicokinetic （PBTK） model of cadmium was further optimized and verified. The correlation between internal and external exposure in quantitative risk assessment of food safety was optimized， and the provisional tolerable daily intake （PTDI） value of cadmium was derived.MethodsThe relative bioavailability of cadmium in different aquatic products was determined in four-week-old Balb/c female mice. The PBTK model of cadmium metabolism was optimized by ABC-MCMC method using combined internal and external exposure data of cadmium in Shanghai residents， and the PTDI was calculated accordingly.ResultsExcept for scallops and squid， the RBA of aquatic samples was less than 1， indicating that the absorption rate of cadmium in aquatic products was lower than that of cadmium chloride. The higher RBA of squid and scallop may be due to the presence of cadmium in the visceral organs， which is conducive to cadmium absorption and its higher concentration of cadmium. Frying at the temperature less than 160 ℃ reduced cadmium absorption but may increase cadmium absorption at the temperature greater than 160 ℃. The optimized model parameters converged well and the model could reasonably estimate urinary cadmium level according to the external exposure of cadmium. The PTDI value was 0.466 4 μg·（kg·day）-1 according to the optimized single-chamber model.ConclusionThe relative bioavailability of cadmium in different foods varies greatly， except for squid and scallops， RBA is less than 1， and cooking processing will affect the RBA of food. The construction of the PBTK model did not only consider the effects of gender differences on cadmium metabolism， but also included the relative bioavailability data to optimize and adjust the correlation coefficient of absorption rate. Compared with the model without RBA adjustment， the adjusted model has enhanced the ability to predict urinary cadmium level， which provides a new， more accurate method for the risk assessment of food safety.

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are common perinatal mental health issues that often occur together and can have serious negative effects on both maternal and infant health. ObjectiveTo examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among pregnant women in Shanghai. MethodsThe study estimated the prevalence of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) based on data from the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) embryonic-derived diseases with assisted reproductive technology (ART) sub-cohort. Information on demographics, sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester was collected through self-made questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Lifestyle factors (such as sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester) were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine their impacts on the prevalence of CAD (yes or no) among pregnant women. ResultsA total of 2876 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of CAD was 10.6% (305), 3.6% (103), and 5.5% (159) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality throughout the entire pregnancy were statistically associated with an increased prevalence of CAD, and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.817 (1.845, 4.301), 2.840 (1.855, 4.347), and 9.316 (5.835, 14.876) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, when compared to good sleep quality. Additionally, compared to an intake frequency of 7 times per week, the frequency of egg intake ≤3 times per week in the first trimester (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.197, 3.425) and the frequency of egg intake of 4–6 times per week (OR=1.896, 95%CI: 1.117, 3.216) or ≤3 times per week (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.082, 3.357) in the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P3 times per week, never or almost never exercising in the second trimester (OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.220, 4.035) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (P

The microstructure of Mg-12Y-1Al alloy with solution treatment and aging treatment was studied by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the alloy before and after heat treatment at room temperature and 200 ℃ were analyzed by tensile test, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy before and after heat treatment was tested by electrochemical methods. The results show that the as-cast microstructure of Mg-12Y-1Al alloy is composed of α-Mg matrix, Mg24Y5 phase and Al2Y phase. Mg-12Y-1Al alloy has excellent high-temperature thermal stability. After solution treatment at 520 ℃ for 16 h(T4), the grain size does not increase, and new long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phase forms; the subsequent aging treatment at 225 ℃ for 30 h(T6) has little effect on the microstructure. Compared with the properties at room temperature, the ultimate tensile strength of T4 alloy at 200 ℃ does not decrease, but the elongation increases from 1.3% to 12.5%. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of Mg-12Y-1Al alloy is improved after solution and aging treatment, and the corrosion current density decreases from 2.799×10-5 A/cm2 to 1.551×10-5 A/cm2.

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of school bullying among high school children left behind by both mother and father in Hunan province. MethodsUsing multistage stratified cluster sampling, we recruited 8 439 children from 32 high schools in 4 prefectures of Hunan province for a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey conducted during April – July 2018. The Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire (OBVQ) and a self-designed questionnaire were used in the survey. Among all the participants, 1 506 children with both maternal and paternal migration were included in the analysis. ResultsOf the 1506 left-behind children, the overall prevalence of school bullying victimization and perpetration were 20.39% and 5.64%, respectively. Verbal bullying victimization was the most common type of school bullying reported by 17.60% of victimized children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following significant risk factors for school bullying victimization: male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.116, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.471 – 3.045), playing violent games frequently (OR = 1.624, 95%CI: 1.040 – 2.536), rarely or never communicating with their parents (OR = 1.528, 95%CI: 1.066 – 2.189), frequent quarrels between parents or primary caregivers (OR = 3.127, 95%CI: 1.659 – 5.895), lack of perceived safety in school (OR = 1.876, 95%CI: 1.290 – 2.728), and with a perceived disharmony atmosphere in class (OR = 1.604, 95%CI: 1.138 – 2.261). ConclusionSchool bullying victimization is common among high school children with both maternal and paternal migration in Hunan province and targeted interventions should be developed for comprehensive prevention of the school bullying.

BackgroundNeonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are emerging synthetic insecticides that have been used in various pest management regimens worldwide as alternatives to conventional insecticides. Recently, several studies have indicated that humans are widely exposed to NEOs, but limited is known about the levels and associated health risks of NEOs exposure among children.ObjectiveTo estimate exposure levels of four kinds of NEOs in urine samples among 5-year-old children from Laizhou Wan, Shandong Province, and to evaluate health risks of single and cumulative exposure to NEOs among children in this area.MethodsA total of 205 children who participated in the 5-year-old follow-up in Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort (LWBC) were included. Urinary concentrations of four NEOs [imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), clothianidin (CLO), and thiamethoxam (THM)] were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Based on the detected NEOs concentrations, estimated daily intake (EDI) was calculated, and the health risk of exposure to single NEO was assessed using hazard quotient (HQ, risk threshold=1). A relative potency factor (RPF) approach was used to standardize the concentrations of the four NEOs by IMI to calculate their cumulative concentrations. Then, the health risk of cumulative exposure to the four NEOs was further evaluated based on the HQ method.ResultsThe detection rates of the four NEOs in the 5-year-old children were all above 90%, and their median creatinine-adjusted urinary concentrations were in the order from high to low as follows: CLO (1.373 μg·g−1) > THM (0.628 μg·g−1) > IMI (0.310 μg·g−1) > ACE (0.073 μg·g−1). Of the four NEOs, the median EDI of IMI was 0.035 µg·kg−1·d−1, higher than those of CLO (0.032 µg·kg−1·d−1), THM (0.012 µg·kg−1·d−1), and ACE (0.002 µg·kg−1·d−1). The maximum HQ values of IMI, CLO, THM, and ACE were 0.168, 0.152, 0.055, and 0.022, respectively, which were all far lower than the risk threshold of 1. The median concentration of cumulative exposure to the four NEOs standardized by IMI was 21.241 μg·g−1, and its median EDI was 2.370 µg·kg−1·d−1. The maximum HQ of cumulative exposure to the four NEOs was only 0.694, which also did not exceed the risk threshold of 1.ConclusionNEOs exposure is common among the 5-year-old children in Laizhou Wan, Shandong. Although there is no obvious health risk associated with single and cumulative exposure to NEOs in the children in this area, their exposure levels of NEOs are higher than those in some foreign areas. The adverse health effects of long-term exposure to low dose of NEOs deserve our extensive attention.

In order to study the calcium speciation characteristics in leaves of golden Camellia species under different habitats, 10 species of golden Camellia from calcareous soil habitats and four species from acidic soil habitats were used as the research objects. The calcium content (Soil-Ca) and pH (Soil-pH) of habitat soil, and the contents of calcium nitrate and calcium chloride (AIC-Ca), water soluble organic acid calcium (H2O-Ca), calcium pectate (NaCl-Ca), calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (HAC-Ca), calcium oxalate (HCl-Ca), calcium silicate (Res-Ca), and total calcium (Tot-Ca) of leaves were measured. The results were as follows: (1) the Soil-Ca and Soil-pH of calcareous soil were extremely significantly (P

Based on the daily air temperature data from more than 2000 stations by the National Meteorological Information Center and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data from 1980 to 2017， the effects of low-frequency oscillation on three types （nationwide， northeastern and eastern） of large-scale persistent low temperature events （short for events） in winter over China are compared and studied.The results show that there are more events since the 1980s to the early 1990s and the 2000s， and the winter temperature has a significant period of 10~30 days.By analyzing the atmospheric circulation field， it is found that the low-frequency Siberian high （SH） is the main influence system of the three types of events in the lower level.The low-frequency Siberian high is the strongest in the national type events， and the weakest in the northeast type events.The range of the Siberian high is the largest in the national type events， with its southern boundary can reach the south of the Yangtze River， and it is tilted to east in both the northeast and east type events.In addition， the low-frequency Aleutian low （AL） to the west is also one of the main low-frequency systems affecting the northeast type events.In the middle troposphere， both the national and east type events have the process of the low-frequency transverse trough turning vertically and merging with the East Asian trough， and the transverse trough has a larger zonal scale in the national type events， while the northeast type events are mainly affected by the northeast cold vortex.In the upper troposphere， we can find that the temperate jet stream as a whole continued to be weak and the subtropical jet stream as a whole continued to be strong in the national type events.Temperate jet stream is strong in the west and weak in the east， while the subtropical jet stream is weak in the west and strong in the east in the northeast type events.The temperate jet stream in the eastern type events continue to be weak， but the degree of weakness is greater than that of the national type events， and the subtropical jet stream is strong in the west and weak in the east.In addition， the western forecast signals of -12 days （national type）， -9 days （northeast type） and -10 days （eastern type） and the eastern signal of -12 days （national type） at low-frequency 500 hPa height field should be paid attention to respectively.

BackgroundExercise during pregnancy is closely related to maternal and infant health. Previous studies in developed countries have linked maternal exercise during pregnancy with newborn body weight as well as subcutaneous fat thickness. However, the relevant studies in China are limited, and the conclusions remain inconsistent. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on neonatal weight and subcutaneous fat thickness. MethodsBased on the Shanghai Birth Cohort, 959 maternal-infant pairs were included in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to collect average weekly frequency and daily minutes of walking in the first and second trimesters, and entropy weight method was used to calculate the cumulative exercise index in the two trimesters. Birth weight was measured using a calibrated weigh scale. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured at abdomen, scapula, and triceps with a Harpenden skinfold caliper for all newborns and the sum of the thickness for the three sites was then calculated. A multiple linear regression model was employed to estimate the relationships of cumulative exercise index during pregnancy with neonatal body weight and subcutaneous fat thickness. Subgroup analyses stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and sex of newborns were also performed. ResultsThe mean age of pregnant women was (28.5±3.8) years, and the pre-pregnancy BMI was (21.4±3.0) kg·m−2. Newborn boys were slightly more than newborn girls (54.3% vs 45.7%), and the neonatal weight was (3374.0±427.5) g. The means of newborns' abdominal, scapular, and triceps subcutaneous fat thickness were (4.4±1.3), (5.4±1.4), and (6.0±1.5) mm, respectively, and the sum of subcutaneous fat thickness was (15.8±3.9) mm. In the first and second trimesters, 77.3% and 88.7% of pregnant women walked 4 d per week and more, respectively; the daily minutes of walking was (36.9±27.2) min and (43.3±26.3) min, respectively; the cumulative exercise index was 25.6±17.7 and 35.9±21.1, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the cumulative exercise index in the second trimester was negatively associated with newborns' abdominal (b=−0.006, 95%CI: −0.010-−0.003), scapular (b=−0.005, 95%CI: −0.009-−0.002), triceps (b=−0.006, 95%CI: −0.010-−0.002), and their sum of (b=−0.018, 95%CI: −0.028-−0.007) subcutaneous fat thickness (P

Exposure to environmental pollutants imposes important health risks to human beings. In recent years, emerging evidence has suggested that nutritional components may ameliorate the adverse health effects of environmental pollutants. Therefore, it raises great public health interests in protecting human health from environmental pollutants by nutrition interventions. Considering in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence, as well as epidemiological studies, this paper reviewed the possible mechanisms underlying how nutritional components counteract the adverse health impacts of environmental pollutants, which can provide directions for further studies on health risk assessment and nutrition intervention associated with environmental pollutant exposure.

In this paper, the gelatinization characteristics of hydroxypropylwaxy maize distarch phosphate (HWMDP), acetylated waxy maize distarch phosphate (AWMDP) and acetylated waxy maize distarchadipate (AWMDA) were compared with each other. Based on the comparison, three kinds of custard sauce with different modified starch were prepared. Then, by comparing the texture characteristics, baking resistance, rheological properties and sensory quality of the three kinds of custard sauce, the appropriate modified starch was selected. Finally the effects of the addition of modified starch, corn starch, carrageenan and locust bean gum on the quality of custard sauce were investigated. The results showed that the application of HWMDP in custard sauce had higher hardness, higher viscosity, better sensory properties and baking resistance than that of custard sauce added with AWMDP and AWMDA. The suitable addition amount of thickener in custard sauce was: HWMDP 4% (m/m), corn starch 3% (m/m), carrageenan 0.45% (m/m), locust bean gum 0.45% (m/m). The indexes of custard sauce prepared by this formula were close to the control.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of non-occupational mixed exposure to cadmium， lead and perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） on thyroid hormones （TH） in healthy adult residents in Shanghai.MethodsIn November 2018， adults in Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank study， who visited a community health service center for examination with no history of occupational exposure， thyroid diseases or chronic diseases， were recruited. A social-demographic information questionnaire survey was conducted and urine and blood samples were collected. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was used to measure their urinary cadmium （UCd）， blood cadmium （BCd） and blood lead （BPb） concentrations. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q/TOF MS） was used to measure 11 kinds of PFASs. Total and free triiodothyronine （TT3， FT3）， total and free thyroxine （TT4， FT4） and thyroid simulating hormones were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunoassay. 436 participants were finally included and LASSO regression， multivariate regression and weighted quantile sum regression were used to evaluate the associations of these environmental pollutants with thyroid hormones.ResultsAmong the participants， 185 were male （42.5%） and the median age was 60 （P25‒P75： 50‒66）. The detection rates of urinary cadmium， blood cadmium and blood lead were all more than 95% and the detection rates of 7 PFASs （PFOS， PFOA， PFHxS， PFUnDA， PFNA， PFD， and PFBS） were more than 90%. The median exposure level of PFOA was the highest （49.6 µg‧L-1） among PFASs， followed by PFHxS （22.8 µg‧L-1） and PFOS （15.4 µg‧L-1）， and the median exposure levels of urinary cadmium， blood cadmium and blood lead were 0.7 μg‧g-1（Corrected for creatinine of urine）， 0.8 µg‧L-1， and 15.4 µg‧L-1， respectively. The results showed that UCd was negatively associated with TSH and BCd was positively associated with TT3， while PFASs mainly affected FT4， TT4， and TT3， with gender differences. In males， 7 PFASs had a significant negative mixture effect on TT3 and TT4， while the direction of effect of PFASs in females differed， with PFOS and PFUnDA having a significant positive correlation with FT4 and TT4 while PFDA having a significant negative correlation with FT4 and TT4.ConclusionIn a healthy population with no occupational exposure， co-exposure to cadmium， lead and PFASs affects different thyroid hormone indicators， and such effect could be gender-related， indicating that the effect of mixed exposure to metal and emerging compounds on thyroid functions warrants further attention.

Using conventional observations, satellite images, radar data, precipitation data from regional automatic weather stations and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, we have conducted analysis on the precipitation characteristics, environmental conditions and mesoscale features of a rare heavy rainstorm event in northeast Henan on 15 May 2018. The results indicate that (1) the event occurred due to the transport of moisture by large scale southwest jet in west part of the subtropical high, the effect of short-wave trough in the middle troposphere, the strengthening and extending northward of the low-level jet and strong divergence in the upper levels. Such environmental conditions are favorable to the occurrence of heavy rainstorm. The powerful low-level jet provides the abundant water vapor and the potential instability for the formation of heavy rainstorm. The triggering of low-level shear line, the diffusion of weak cold air and the lifting of surface mesoscale convergence line are the dynamic mechanism for this heavy rainstorm event. (2) The occurrence of this heavy rainstorm event is mainly characterized in the environment field by sufficient transport and strong convergence of water vapor in the ultra-low level, abnormally high convective unstable energy and extremely unstable atmospheric stratification. (3) The heavy precipitation of this event is mainly caused by the two β-mesoscale convection systems, while the newborn and continuance or the migration of convective cloud clusters over the rainstorm area is an important reason for the long-term maintenance of severe precipitation. (4) Radar observations show that the γ-mesoscale echo cells are continuously generated in the large temperature gradient area in front of the convective cloud clusters in Northern Henan under the extremely strong convective instability, which strengthens when moving eastward and develop strongly to form line-or belt-type convective multi-cell storms over Northeast Henan. The local heavy rainstorm in northeast Henan is due to the direct effect of the"train effect" formed by the obvious local strong echoes

BackgroundHeavy metals are widely present in the environment, difficult to degrade, and bioaccumulative. Children's physical development are not mature, and exposure to heavy metals which may cause irreversible harm to them. However, the current research conclusions are still inconsistent. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the impact of heavy metal pollutants on physical development.ObjectiveTo detect the level of heavy metal exposure of school-age children in Laizhou Wan, Shandong Province, and to explore the relationship between heavy metal exposure level and physical development indexes of school-age children.MethodsThe subjects of this study were 318 children born to pregnant women recruited from Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort in Shandong Province from September 2010 to December 2013. The school-age children at age 7 were followed up from July to September 2019. Their urine samples were collected and the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in urine were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). At the same time, the height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage of the children were evaluate to analyze the relationship between the four heavy metals in children's urine and the indicators related to children's physical development.ResultsAmong the 318 school-age children with an age (\begin{document}$\bar x \pm s $\end{document}) of (7.77±0.67) years, the median (P25, P75) levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in urine were 73.98 (44.81, 124.61), 0.40 (0.27, 0.58), 1.20 (0.71, 1.72), and 2.38 (1.32, 4.80) µg·g−1 (of creatinine), respectively. The children’s urinary Cd level was positively correlated with their weight, BMI, and waist circumference (P0.05). After sex stratification, it was found that boys’ urinary Cd level was positively correlated with their height, weight, BMI, and waist circumference (P

Per-and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are widespread in the environment and organisms. Given their unique hydrophobicity, oil-repellence, and chemical stability, PFASs are widely used in various industrial and commercial products. PFASs can accumulate and be biomagnified through the food chain, and its toxic effects have posed a certain threat to human health. The response of the immune system to PFASs exposure is one of the most sensitive human health effects, and has attracted remarkable attention from related scientists and organizations. We summarized international and domestic epidemiological studies on the associations between exposure to PFASs and immune system, including immunosuppression and immunoenhancement. We also reviewed experimental evidence of PFASs on immune system from perspectives of immune organs, immune cells, and cytokines. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α)-dependent, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-activated, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways were summarized. While the relationships between PFASs and immune-related diseases in human are not yet conclusive, accumulative epidemiological studies provide evidence for associations between PFASs and reduced immune response to vaccination in children. In addition, previous studies mainly focus on the immunotoxicity of traditional PFASs, and our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the effects of PFASs on immune system is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the immunotoxicity of new PFASs and associated mechanism.

Rational Secret Reconstruction is an intersection between traditional secret reconstruction and game theory, which aims to restrict the selfish behaviors of rational users, making both of them obtain the secret in real applications.However, when directly adopting the existing rational secret reconstruction protocols, it is infeasible to realize the fair secret reconstruction.More seriously, an extreme situation may rise, which is some users regard a fake secret as the real one.The crucial reason is that, due to lack of design models, the protocol designers cannot completely consider their selfish behaviors when rational users participate in secret reconstruction.To solve that problem, through the formalizations of rational users and rational secret reconstruction game, the influences of rational users’ action order and their chosen strategies about the fair secret reconstruction were analyzed, and then, three design models for the different scenarios, including purely user rational scenario, reputation-based scenario and trusted user-based scenario, were proposed respectively.Theoretical analysis demonstrates that, the proposed models can help the designers restrict rational users’ selfishness effectively, thereby guiding the designers to devise the fair rational secret reconstruction protocols.Additionally, under the guidance of the proposed models, a fair rational secret reconstruction protocol was devised, which indicated that the proposed models were usable.

In order to solve the problem that the traditional sensitive information early warning algorithm is difficult to cluster information effectively, a new sensitive information early warning algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the sensitive information of high word frequency in the network was collected. Secondly, the accurate mining of high sensitive information was completed by setting a reasonable threshold. Thirdly, the high sensitive information was effectively clustered by deep neural network, and the adjacency matrix was constructed. Finally, the connection average of network parameter nodes was calculated. Combined with the above clustering results, the monitoring and early warning of high sensitive information were realized. The experimental results showed that the data sent by the network nodes using the traditional algorithm was not regular, and the warning response time was more than 2 s, while the network data using the deep neural network algorithm presents a fully connected state, and the sensitive information could show a high degree of consistency, and the warning response of the algorithm to the sensitive information could be completed in 1 s. The research shows that the early warning algorithm based on deep neural network can be applied in the field of network security.

The northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin is rich in oil and gas, and the relationship between oil and water is complicated. A large amount of formation water data was used to examine the vertical and lateral distribution of the water chemistry in oil-bearing strata from the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous. Combined with the geological background, the Hongshanzui Oilfield was dissected and the relationship between the chemical characteristics of formation water and the preservation of oil and gas is discussed. The results show that the formation water salinity decreases gradually when the burial depth varies from deep to shallow layers and the stratigraphic age varies from old to new. From the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous, the high salinity area of the formation water gradually migrates from the northwestern margin to the interior of the basin. The margin of the basin or the Ke-Wu fracture hanging wall is greatly affected by the infiltration and leaching of surface water or atmospheric water. The formation water is in a free alternating circulation zone, with low salinity, low chloride ion concentration Na2SO4 type or NaHCO3 type water. The formation is poorly sealed, and heavy oil is usually formed. To the interior of the basin or the Ke-Wu fracture footwall, the formation water is in an alternating or stable stagnation zone, with a high degree of concentration. There mainly exists high salinity and high chloride ion concentration CaCl2 type water. The formation has good sealing properties and forms well-preserved medium-light oil.

This paper reports the first discovery of sandstone type industrial uranium mineralization in the Duolun Intermountain Basin in the Mesozoic volcanic rock area of Southeast Inner Mongolia by No.208 Geological Party, CNNC.In order to understand the type of uranium mineralization, uranium metallogenic conditions, mineralization and prospecting prospects, the field geological phenomena, microscopic characteristics, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry and mineralization patterns were studied in the basin.This paper discusses the characteristics and metallogenic conditions of the newly discovered sandstone type uranium mineralization.The strong Mesozoic volcanic activity and basement subsidence in Duolun Basin provided a good tectonic environment for the formation of uranium bearing formations.The widely distributed acidic volcanic rocks provide abundant uranium sources.The sand body of the target layer is loose and permeable, with moderate thickness (about 40 m), which is conducive to the continuous infiltration of oxygen-containing and uranium-containing water, and has complete oxidation-reduction zoning.All these are favorable for uranium mineralization.According to the existing exploration results, combined with the basin evolution and the wide distribution of regional Intermountain Basins, it is considered that the Duolun Intermountain Basin has a good prospecting prospect for uranium, and there may be rich and thick ore bodies in the deep.In the next step of uranium exploration, attention should be paid to the lacustrine deposits and beach deposits on both sides of the Duolun ancient river.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause adverse reactions in the nervous system, with the incidence rate ranging from 0.1% to 12%, and 80% occurring within the first 4 months of ICI application. It can cause lesions in various parts of the nervous system, including aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, necrotizing encephalitis, brainstem encephalitis, transverse myelitis and other central nervous system diseases. It can also cause cranial peripheral neuropathy, multifocal radicular neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, spinal radicular neuropathy and myasthenia gravis, myopathy, etc. For these complications of the nervous system, diagnosis could be made by sufficient collection of disease manifestations combined with imaging, cerebrospinal fluid examinations, electro-encephalogram or electro myography to exclude infection or tumor progression. In the treatment of severe cases, ICIs should be discontinued and treated with high doses of glucocorticoid or gamma globulin with systemic support. After neurological adverse reactions, the prognosis of severe cases is poor.

In order to maintain the security of optical network,it is urgent to research and deploy photonic firewall which can effectively process high-speed optical signals to replace existing electronic firewall which consumes high energy.After a brief review of the principle of photonic firewall,the pattern matching technology based on correlation operation and all-optical logic gates were summarized,and the matching systems was compared according to their advantages and disadvantages.Besides,the realization methods of all-optical logic gates were introduced.Finally,the next research direction and development trend of all-optical pattern matching were prospected:more efficient system structure or non-linear devices with faster response speed.The survey shows that photonic firewall based on all-optical pattern matching has a good application prospect in network security.

In Massive MIMO systems for 5G networks,precoding technology is one of the key technologies.Aiming at user side codebook search method of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) rotation codebook,a low complexity search algorithm was proposed.In this algorithm,all horizontal and vertical codebooks were grouped separately according to the characteristics that the precoding vectors with the same column of DFT rotation codebooks had the smallest chordal distance and the smaller chordal distance have the stronger correlation,and then the optimal horizontal and vertical codewords with maximum channel gain were obtained to form 3D precoding code-books.The simulation results indicate that the searching complexity of the proposed method is significantly reduced under conditions of insuring the system performance,moreover,this advantage becomes greater with the number of antennas increasing.

Objective To explore the evolution of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with cardiac damage. Methods Clinical data of 144 DMD patients who were clearly diagnosed by gene detection were collected and analyzed. According to the results of ultrasonic cardiography, they were divided into cardiac involvement group (N = 50) and non-involvement group (N = 94). The correlation between genotypes and cardiac damage was analyzed. Results Compared with non-involvement group, cardiac involvement group had larger atrium and ventricle (P < 0.01), thicker posterior wall of left ventricle and interventricular septum (P = 0.031, 0.001), as well as lower left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.034). In addition, the mutation rates of DMD gene in exon 3 (P = 0.047), exon 4 (P = 0.047), exon 21 (P = 0.047), exon 22 (P = 0.040) and exon 53 (P = 0.033) were increased significantly, indicating that mutations had a correlation with cardiac damage. Conclusions The main performance of DMD cardiac damage is dilated cardiomyopathy. It has more possibility to cause cardiac damage when DMD gene mutation is closer to the end of 5'-terminal. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.06.007

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscular disease with rapid progression in children. Most patients die of respiratory and circulatory failure before the age of 20 if there is no systematic treatment. Now the heart problem in this disease has become increasingly prominent, and is thought to be closely associated with certain dystrophin exon deletion. We would like to review the epidemiology, relevance of dystrophin, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and pathological features, as well as early prevention and treatment of DMD.

An 85y/o female patient was admitted to our hospital on Sep. 20th, 2010, with left hemiplegia for 10 days. On 2010 Sep. 10th&12th, she slipped down twice with no dizziness and conscious loss. On 13th, she had progressive left hemiplegia. Head MRI+DWI showed abnormal long T1 and T2 signals at bilateral frontal lobe, basal ganglia and brain stem. DWI high signal lesion was in right basal ganglia. Cerebral infarction and unknown cerebral lesions were diagnosed. She had HTN & DM for many years and chronic kidney disease for 2 years. Multiple thyroid nodules and cancer was suspected before. She was a retired nurse. On physical examination, she was clear. Left hemiplegia and hemihypesthesia were found with positive Babinski sign. After admission, routine laboratory tests were carried out. CBC, coagulation test, liver and kidney function were negative. Urine Protein was 0.25g/L. ESR 31mm/h，HCY 19.5umol/L, TC 6.72mmol/l，TG 1.76mmol/L，LDL-C 4.46mmol/L； Echo showed normal changes in the elders. TCD showed basal artery stenosis. Thyroid function：A-TPO 65.26 IU/ml，A-Tg 414 IU/ml. ANA and ANCA were negative. Anti-thrombosis and rehabilitation were given and the muscle strength improved. In November, she began to have dullness and poor cognition, progressive dementia. MRI showed bilateral frontal lobe lesion enlarged. Contrast MRI showed multiple abnormal enhanced nodules and MRS analysis suspected lymphoma. PET：The lesion in the brain is probable malignant. The patients’ son refused to do a biopsy. In December, she began to have epilepsy, with right spasm, and AEDs were given. EEG showed abnormal slow waves in the areas correspondence to MRI. On Dec. 12th, left hemiplegia and dullness progressed with muscle strength 0-1 degree. MRI showed lesions in left frontal lobe decreased, but that in right lobe increased. Neuron protection and dehydration was given. On Dec. 22th, LP was done. CSF pressure 90mmH2O，CSF white cell number was normal，Protein 0.9g/L，Oligoclonal Band（+）, cytology and pathogen were all negative. CSF TB-Spot was negative. Lymphoma was suspected and steroids were suggested. But she had recurrent lung infection, it was not used. 2011-1MRI showed bilateral lesions were decreased and less swollen. She was stable on the supportive treatment. After March, 2011, she got recurrent pneumonia and heart failure. She was intubated and given mechanical ventilation. In April, her renal failure progressed but her son refused dialysis. She gradually got into coma and died on Jun. 4th. Clinical diagnosis &Differential diagnosis: It was an old female patient with progressive dementia and hemiplegia. Neuroimaging showed bilateral lesion on the hemisphere and brain stem. The lesion became necrosis and atrophy as time passed with no treatment. The differential diagnosis should include malignancy, inflammation and metabolism disease. Malignant tumors such as lymphoma, gliomatosis cerebri, and intravascular lymphoma could progress slowly and cause dementia. The massive contrast lesion and low NAA on MRS supported malignance. Besides, high metabolism on PET also suggested malignance. No inflammatory cell in CSF with increased protein level was in correspondence with tumor. Infectious and autoimmune inflammation, such as virus infection, prion infection, neurosyphilis, paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, and vasculitis were important causes of dementia. Encephalopathy associated with abnormal thyroid function should also be thought about. But the negative result of serum screen and the imaging feature with massive abnormal enhancement ruled out most of the common etiologies. Lymphoma was highly suspected clinically. Autopsy diagnosis: multi focies and extensive tumor cells in frontal lobe, insula lobe, basal ganglia, corpus callosum with CD20, BCL-2(+), CD8,CD68(-). Beside the tumor cells there were focies of lymphocytes with CD8, CD20 and CD68 (+). White matter: gliosis, disperse tumor cells, Leukoaraiosis. Pathological diagnosis: lymphomatosis cerebri. Discussion Lymphomatosis cerebri was first reported by Bakshi et al in 1999. It was a special type of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). PCNSL usually presented as a focal of multifocal mass lesion, with well defined boundary, with or without enhancement. The clinical manifestation was decided by the area involved. However, lymphomatosis cerebri involved widely in the brain, with months of progressive dementia. It should be an important differential diagnosis of CJD, limbic encephalitis, intravascular lymphomatosis and special encephalitis .The MRI feature of the disease was usually widely distributed white matter and cortex lesion in bilateral hemisphere, basal ganglia, thalamus, and brain stem with no mass. The enhancement was patchy or even none. The pathological feature was diffuse infiltration with tumor cells without formation of mass. The tumor cells were positive to CD20, with atypia and mitosis. Vascular cuffing was easily seen. Sometimes, tumor cells were mixed with reactive astrocytes and inflammatory lymphocytes, which should be differentiated with encephalitis. LFB stain could show white matter pallor, but no large area of demyelination .Lymphomatosis cerebri was sensitive to steroids. The apoptosis of tumor cells caused by steroids could lead to false negative pathological diagnosis. The treatment should include chemotherapy and radiotherapy.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.025

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of constipation in Hangzhou urban areas by analyzing data from a recent epidemiological survey. Methods: From August 2022 to June 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 43 communities on eight streets in suburbs of Hangzhou, including Wangjiang, Sijiqing, Puyan, Changhe, Ziyang, Xiaoshanchengxiang, Zhuantang, and Banshan. Written questionnaires were filled out face to face by community doctors. The prevalence of constipation was investigated using a combination of the Bristol stool typing method and the Rome IV criteria. The risk factors for constipation were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The study cohort comprised 10,479 participants, 5551 of whom were male (53.0%) and 4928 female (47.0%). The overall prevalence of constipation was 10.6% (1107/10,479). The prevalence was 11.0% (613/5551) for male and 10.0% (494/4928) for female participants; this difference is not statistically significant ( P >0.05).There were no significant differences in the prevalence of constipation between different categories of body mass index ( P >0.05). The prevalence of constipation was highest in individuals aged 70 years and above, accounting for 15.4% (264/1717) of all cases. There were significant differences in the prevalence of constipation between different occupations, marital statuses, and educational levels ( P <0.001). Patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus had a higher prevalence of constipation than those without these conditions, those who had been taking long-term medication had a higher prevalence of constipation than those who did not, parents of children with constipation had a higher prevalence of constipation than those with children who did not have constipation, and there were other significant differences in various variables ( P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of modifiable factors revealed that eating less fruit (OR=1.284, 95%CI: 1.061-1.553, P =0.010), liking spicy and salty food (OR=1.234, 95%CI: 1.039-1.466, P =0.016), sleeping for too long (OR=1.644, 95%CI: 1.260-2.144, P <0.001), irregular sleep patterns (OR=1.370, 95%CI: 1.127-1.665, P =0.002) and minimal exercise (OR=1.388, 95% CI: 1.168-1.649, P <0.001) were all risk factors for constipation; whereas mix diets (OR=0.709,95%CI:0.608-0.826, P <0.001), meat diets (OR=0.604,95%CI: 0.495-0.736, P <0.001), moderate alcohol consumption (OR=0.659, 95% CI: 0.534-0.812, P <0.001), less or no drinking (OR=0.523, 95% CI: 0.428-0.638, P <0.001), and non-smoking (OR=0.819, 95%CI:0.674-0.995, P <0.001) protected against constipation. We found no association between dietary preferences and the risk of constipation (refined grains: OR=1.147, 95%CI:0.944-1.393, P =0.167; no specific preference: OR=0.935, 95%CI:0.783-1.117, P =0.459). The rate of agreement between self-evaluation of constipation by the respondents and objective criteria was higher for negatives (95.8%) than for positives (38.0%). Conclusion: The prevalence of constipation is relatively high in the urban population of Hangzhou. A good lifestyle and diet can significantly reduce its incidence. There should be more emphasis on preventive education, promotion of prevention of constipation, and advocacy for a healthy lifestyle.

Recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules/antigenic peptide complexes (pHLA complexes) are applied in the research of human T cell-specific immune responses. The preparation of pHLA complex is based on genetic engineering and protein in vitro dilution and folding-refolding technology. In an in vitro refolding system, recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules correctly fold and bind with antigenic peptides to form complexes. In this study, ultrafiltration-high performance liquid chromatography (ultrafiltration-HPLC) was used for quantitative determination of the antigenic peptides in recombinant pHLA complexes, especially for those in a small amount of prepared products. By adding the recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules and antigenic peptides into the refolding buffer, the heavy chain (HC) and light chain (β2m) of recombinant HLA-Ⅰ molecules were refolded and bond with the VYF antigenic peptide containing anchor residues to form a pHLA complex. The unbound free antigenic peptide VYF was removed by ultrafiltration to retain the complex. Finally, the pHLA complex was treated by acid to destroy its interaction, thus releasing the antigenic peptide. The results showed that the prepared recombinant pHLA complex was recognized by HLA-Ⅰ molecule specific antibody W6/32, which indicated that the recombinant HLA-Ⅰ class molecule had correct folding and was identified as pHLA complex. The antigen peptide VYF contained in the pHLA complex was also detected by ultrafiltration-HPLC, so it is feasible to apply ultrafiltration-HPLC for determination of pHLA complex. Compared with Western blotting, the concentration of antigenic peptides detected by ultrafiltration-HPLC was 0-9 μg/mL. The binding conditions can be optimized according to the amount of antigenic peptides bound in the complex in order to improve the folding efficiency of HLA-Ⅰ molecules and promote the binding of HLA-Ⅰ molecules to antigenic peptides. The production rate of pHLA complexes in the refolding system can also be calculated according to the content of antigenic peptides bound by pHLA complexes. Therefore, ultrafiltration-HPLC in this study can be used for the quality control of the preparation process of pHLA complexes, and may facilitate the research of T cell-specific immunity, artificial antigen-presenting cells, and development of specific tetramer probe applications.

Objective: To evaluate the human resource in a national institute of parasitic diseases from 2007 to 2016, so as to provide a reference for the construction of a well-crafted human resource of national parasitic diseases control and prevention., Methods: The basic information of the staff in the national institute of parasitic diseases was investigated and a related database was established to analyze the quantity and structure of the human resource allocation in 10 years through the annual statistics each year., Results: The number of staff in the institute increased by 6.25% in 2016 compared with that in 2007, and 43.32% of the staff were under 35 years old. In 2016, 59.36% of the staff had a master degree or a higher level degree, and 37.97% of the staff had senior technical titles. The difference value of the inflows and outflows was 3.21%., Conclusions: The change of the structure and quality of human resource in this institute has a good tendency in the past ten years. The organization should optimize the human resource allocation and improve its capacity in disease control and prevention to broaden the methods of talent introduction and control the brain drain problem.

Objective: This study aims to compare the marginal accuracy of single crowns fabricated using self-curing resin, Luxatemp, and computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) methods in clinical application., Methods: A total of 30 working dies, which were obtained from 30 clinical teeth prepared with full crown as standard, were created and made into 30 self-curing resin, Luxatemp, and CAD/CAM single crowns. The restorations were seated on the working dies, and stereomicroscope was used to observe and measure the thickness of reference points. One-way analysis of variance, which was performed using SPSS 19.0 software package, compared the marginal gap widths of self-curing resin, Luxatemp, and CAD/CAM provisional crowns., Results: The mean marginal gap widths of the fabricated self-curing resin, Luxatemp, and CAD/CAM were (179.06±33.24), (88.83±9.56), and (43.61±7.27) μm, respectively. A significant difference was observed among the three provisional crowns (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The marginal gap width of CAD/CAM provisional crown was lower than that of the self-curing resin and Luxatemp. Thus, the CAD/CAM provisional crown offers a better remediation effect in clinical application.

Objective: To clone and identify the heat shock factors (HSFs) of Schistosoma japonicum and analyze its molecular structure and alternative splicing pattern., Methods: The New Zealand rabbits were infected with the cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum and were killed and dissected 42 days post-infection, and the adult worms of S. japonicum and the livers of the rabbits were harvested. Then, the total RNA was extracted by using Trizol reagent. The Sj-hsf open reading frame (ORF) and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified by RT-PCR from the female, male and egg samples, then cloned and verified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. DNAMAN 8.0, InterPro, Mega 6 combined with the Internet databases were utilized to clarify the gene structure, functional domains, alternative splicing pattern, and the homology and phylogenetic tree of HSFs., Results: Sj-hsf ORF and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified from the female, male and egg samples of S. japonicum by RT-PCR. After cloning, the positive recombinant plasmids pB Sj HSFf-F, pB Sj HSFf-M, pB Sj HSFf-E containing Sj-hsf ORF, pB Sj HSFs-F, pB Sj HSFs-M, pB Sj HSFs-E with Sj-hsf alternative splicing fragments were identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. Three alternative splicing Sj-hsf isoforms were observed through sequence analysis: Sj-hsf -isoform1 (2 050 bp), Sj-hsf -isoform2 (2 086 bp) and Sj - hsf -isoform3 (2 111 bp); the GenBank accession numbers were KU954546, KX119143 and KX119144, respectively. All the three isoforms located in the same Contig SJC&#95;S000780 of S. japonicum genome and all expressed at female, male and egg stages, but Sj-hsf -isoform1 with a high-level expression. Sj -HSF-isoform1 (671 aa) and Sj -HSF-isoform2 (683 aa) had DBD (DNA binding domain), HR-A/B and HR-C domains, while Sj -HSF-isoform3 (282 aa) stopped in advance without HR-C domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis of HSFs illustrated that Sj - HSFs belonged to HSF1 family, with a close phylogenetic relationship to Sm -HSFs., Conclusions: There are three alternative splicing isoforms of Sj -HSF existing in the female, male and egg stages of S. japonicum , but Sj -HSF-isoform1 expresses in a high-level. This study lays the foundation for further study on molecular mechanisms of Sj- HSFs in regulating the heat shock response system.

Objective: To identify the morphological characteristics of pelvic diaphragm hiatus in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by transperineal three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound., Methods: From Oct. 2008 to Mar. 2009, 145 pregnant women (third trimester group) at 37-41 weeks of gestation underwent transperineal 3-D ultrasound investigation at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, including 38 pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and the other 107 non SUI pregnant women. In the mean time, 50 normal nulliparous healthy women were chosen as control group. The morphological characteristics of pelvic diaphragm hiatus, the diameter of pelvic diaphragm hiatus, pubovisceral muscle thickness and genitohiatal and levator ani angle were measured at rest, on maximum Valsalva and maximum pelvic floor contraction by 3-D ultrasound, respectively., Results: Loosen connective tissue and pubococcygeus avulsion were observed in some pregnant women at third trimester. The area of pelvic diaphragm hiatus were (15.2+/-1.9), (16.4+/-2.0) and (13.6+/-1.9) cm2, pubovisceral muscle thickness were (0.72+/-0.11), (0.68+/-0.14) and (0.77+/-0.11) cm, levator ani angle were (60+/-8) degrees, (57+/-10) degrees and (64+/-14) degrees at rest, on maximum Valsalva and maximum pelvic floor contraction respectively. These parameters were significantly increased than those in control group [(11.2+/-2.6), (14.5+/-4.5) and (9.2+/-2.6) cm2; (0.66+/-0.10), (0.67+/-0.14) and (0.71+/-0.14) cm; (50+/-4) degrees, (51+/-5) degrees and (46+/-5) degrees] at three maneuvers, respectively (P<0.05). And those parameters of the anteroposterior hiatal diameter, lateral hiatal diameter, perimeter of pelvic diaphragm hiatus and area of pelvic diaphragm hiatus in SUI pregnant women were increased than those in non SUI pregnant women at three maneuvers, respectively (P<0.05). Pubovisceral muscle thickness in SUI pregnant women was significantly lower than that in non SUI pregnant women at maximum pelvic floor contraction (P<0.05), but there were not significant difference between SUI and non SUI pregnant women at rest and on maximum Valsalva in pubovisceral muscle thickness and genitohiatal and levator ani angle (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Pelvic floor anatomic remodeling is identified in late pregnant women. When compared with non pregnant women, the loosen pelvic floor connective tissue and the bigger diameters of pelvic diaphragm are observed in late pregnant women. It is observed that the increased diameters of pelvic diaphragm and decreased thickness of pubovisceral muscle in later pregnant SUI women than those in non SUI pregnant women.

Objective: To study the effect of myofibroblast on the development of pathological scar., Methods: From 1998 to 2000, 14 cases of keloid(k), 13 cases of hypertrophic scar(HS), and 7 cases of scar were studied through immunohistochemistry and electron microscope., Results: Myofibroblasts were often observed in the hypertrophic HS by electron microscope, but no myofibroblast was observed in the K and NS. alpha-SM-actin was expressed in fibroblast of HS, but was not expressed in K and NS., Conclusion: Myofibroblast may play a role in the development of hypertrophic scar. The difference between the absence of myofibroblast in keloid and the invasion of keloid deserves further study.

ZnO thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on SiQ2 substrates. The temperature dependence of the absorption spectra and the photoluminescence spectra was studied for ZnO thin film. The absorption of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and the free-excitons was observed at room temperature. The free-exciton emission was only observed in PL spectra at room temperature, the results indicate that ZnO thin films have excellent quality and low density of defects. The stimulated emission properties of ZnO thin films were investigated. When excitation intensity is above threshold, the FWHM o f stimulated emission peak increases and stimulated emission peak shows red shift with increasing excitation intensity. Our analysis shows that the optical gain is due to electronhole plasma emission.

A host-plasmid balancing system composed with a delta asd mutant (FaD) of an avirulent strain (T32) of Shigella flexneri 2a and plasmid harboring asd gene was used to express enterotoxigenic E. coli surface antigen 6(CS6) and V. cholerae toxin subunit B (CTB). The results of Western blotting and ELISA showed that all of recombinant plasmids (pYX201, pYX202 and pYX203) could be maintained stably and expressed CS6 and CTB respectively in T32 without any antibiotic selection. All the recombinant bacterial strains could elicit the corresponding antibodies in rabbits. The antibodies against CTB elicited by both FaD/pYX201 and FaD/pYX203 showed to be high level, and had long prolongation time, in otherwise, the antibodies against CS6 showed to be low level, indicating that higher expression level of foreign antigen may be benefit for construction of genetic multivalent vaccine.