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Honey is a natural substance produced by honeybees and is widely consumed as food worldwide. Honey has anti-inflammatory effects, which are related to its antibacterial and antioxidant functions. The anti-inflammatory properties of honey can be explored from two aspects: Basic research studies that reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of honey and identify its effective components, and clinical research studies that evaluate the healing effects of honey in inflammatory diseases. Basic research studies are indicated that honey has anti-inflammatory properties and further elucidated the relevant molecular mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory functions of honey are highly related to its components, specifically flavonoids, phenolic acids, glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and methylglyoxal. These effective constituents exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune cell function, affecting inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and acting as antioxidants. Honey can attenuate gastrointestinal inflammation, aid the recovery of intestinal microbiota, relieve symptoms of chronic sinusitis, and prevent radiation-induced oral mucositis. Based on honey-related basic and clinical research studies conducted over the past five years, this article reviews the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of honey, the functions of its effective constituents, and the applications of honey in inflammatory diseases.

Soybean is an important oil crop and cash crop in China, which not only guarantees people's living needs, but also provides more choices for local agricultural production and creates considerable economic benefits for farmers. Pesticide residue, heavy metal pollution, mycotoxin pollution and plasticizer pollution are the main quality and safety risks in soybean and its products. The present situation of the main pollutants in soybean and its products is summarized in this paper. It points out the possible quality and safety problems of soybean and its products, and puts forward the corresponding control measures to ensure the quality and safety of soybean and its products, in order to provide some thinking and reference for the healthy and rapid development of China's soybean industry.

During the storage and transportation of grapes after picking, diseases occurs generally, including gray mold, aspergillus rot, rhizopus rot, penicillium rot, etc., which seriously affect its production and commodity value. At present, the control of postharvest diseases of grape still depends on chemical control. Long-term application of chemical fungicides can lead to pesticide residues, environmental pollution, harm to human health, and enhance the drug resistance of pathogenic fungal. Using antagonistic bacteria to control postharvest diseases of grape is a green, environmental and safe method instead of chemical fungicides. In this paper, the postharvest infection diseases and symptoms of grape, the source, application effect and their mechanism of action of antagonistic bacteria, the combination of antagonists with other methods to enhance the biocontrol effect are introduced. The prospect of controlling postharvest diseases of grape by antagonistic bacteria is also discussed.

In order to clarify the types and risk levels of residual pesticides in Xinjiang apricots, in this study, 77 samples from six major apricot producing areas of Xinjiang in 2021 and 2022 were selected as the research objects. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to quantitatively analyze 99 kinds of pesticides in apricot, and acute and chronic dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in apricot were calculated and sorted. For the maximum residual limited pesticides detected in apricot, the recommended value of maximum residual limit was put forward. The results of the study showed that the detection rate of pesticide residues in Xinjiang apricot sample was 96.1%, and there were 23 pesticide residues in total, of which carbendazim, acetamiprid, and cyhalothrin had relatively high detection rates. The risk of acute and chronic dietary intake of residual pesticides was at acceptable levels. According to the order of pesticide risk assessment, four pesticides were identified as high risk pesticides, namely, carbofuran, phorate, emamectin benzoate, and triazophos, with risk scores of 25.3, 25.1, 20.2, and 20.1 respectively. There were no high risk samples in 77 samples, mainly low risk and very low risk samples. Of the pesticides detected, 10 had not yet been established maximum residue limits. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it iwas recommended to prioritize the maximum limit values of three residual pesticides, namely, tebufenozide, emamectin benzoate, and triazophos, and the recommended values were 6, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively. It can be seen that the quality and safety of Xinjiang apricot is generally good, and it is suggested to improve the maximum limit value of pesticides which is commonly used in apricot without pesticide residue.

Underwater polarization imaging method uses the polarization characteristic difference between the target information light and the backscattered light to achieve clear imaging, which is of great value in the field of underwater target detection and recognition. However, due to the differences in the reflection and depolarization effects on the surface of objects made of diverse materials, the polarization characteristic difference cannot be effectively extracted. To address this issue, an underwater polarization imaging method based on Mueller matrix was proposed. The Mueller matrix was used to detect the light intensity information and the polarization information of the underwater target and the water, and the polarization information of the background scattered light and the target in the turbid water was accurately solved. Combined with traditional underwater imaging methods, an underwater polarization imaging method based on Mueller matrix was constructed to effectively separate the target information light from the background scattered light, improve the imaging quality, and clearly reconstruct underwater objects made of diverse materials.

Objective: To establish a rapid detection method for viable Penicillium expansum by propidium monoazide (PMA) combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Methods: PMA-qPCR detection method for viable P. expansum was established, including the optimization of the treatment concentration, dark incubation and exposure time of PMA, the screening of specific primers of P. expansum, and the conduction of qPCR. In addition, the standard curve was constructed, which was applied to the detection of artificially contaminated apples samples. The reliability of this method was also evaluated by comparing with the plate counting method. Results: The optimal PMA treatment conditions were: 10 µg/mL for PMA concentration, 5 min for the dark incubation and 10 min for the exposure time. Among the 4 pairs of primers, Pexp-patF showed strong specificity for P. expansum, which could be used as a optimal primer for PMA-qPCR detection. The correlation coefficient of the established quantitative standard curve was 0.9948, and the detection limit of the method was 102.6 CFU/mL. There was no obvious difference between the detection result of this method and the plate counting method, and the viable P. expansum could be detected in the non-rotted part of apples. Conclusion: The established PMA-qPCR technique could be applied to the detection of P. expansum in apples, which would provide technical support for the prevention and control of P. expansum.

In order to evaluate the harm of pesticide residues and explore the high-risk hazard factors and risk levels in different varieties of Xinjiang red jujube (winter jujube, Hui jujube and Jun jujube), 93 pesticides were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differences of pesticide residues in different varieties of jujube were compared, and the risk of pesticide residues in jujube samples were evaluated and ranked. A total of 16 kinds of pesticides were detected in 85 red jujube samples. The detection rates and types of pesticide residues in different varieties of red jujube were different. The detection rates of pesticide residues in winter jujube were 93.33% and 15 kinds of pesticides were detected, which were significantly higher than those in Hui jujube and Jun jujube. The risk of chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake of pesticides detected in jujube were far less than 100%, which was in an acceptable range. The high and medium risk pesticides in winter jujube were methamamectin benzoate, mite, biphenthrin, thiophosphate, acetamidine and permethrin. The medium risk pesticides in Hui jujube and Jun jujube were: phosphorus, propylene bromphosphorus and acetamidine. There were high risk and medium risk samples in the winter jujube samples, but the Hui jujube and Jun jujube samples were both medium risk and low risk samples. The quality and safety of jujube in Xinjiang is generally good, but the risk of pesticide residue in winter jujube is generally high, which should be paid attention to.

In order to further grasp the contamination level of Alternaria toxins in red date, this study took commercially available red date and its products as the research objects, explored the extraction method of mycotoxins with QuChERS as the core and established ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis technology for five kinds of Alternaria toxins in red dates, and analyzed the pollution level of Alternaria toxin in red jujube and its products. Results showed that the recovery of Alternaria toxins in solid samples by QuChERS method ranged from 74.89% to 98.04%, and in liquid samples by solid-phase extraction method ranged from 68.35% to 99.63% with the relative standard deviations less than 10%. After the determination of five Alternaria toxins in Jun-date from Aksu, Kashi and Hotan regions, two toxins, TeA and AOH, were detected. Among them, the TeA in Jun-date in Kashgar was the highest, reaching 5.12~10.76 μg/kg. Three Alternaria toxins, TeA, AOH and ALT, were detected in 11 kinds of products of red date, among which TeA in red date wine reached 127.08 μg/kg and AOH was detected only in amethyst date, with content ranging from 34.76 to 98.61 μg/kg. ALT was detected in freeze-dried red dates slices, fried red dates and amethyst date, with content ranging from 2.04 to 399.64 μg/kg. In this paper, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to meet the requirements for the determination of Alternaria toxins in date samples with different forms, it would provide a theoretical basis for the edible safety of red dates.