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Two cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp and face in the elderly are reported. Case 1 was an 89 years old man with ulcerated edematous, erythematous plagues on the scalp and right face for 2 months. Dermatological examination showed that ulcerated edematous, erythematous patches on the crown, forehead, and right face, with unclear boundaries. The involved skin was tight, shiny, and depressed under pressure. Ulcers and scabs were present on the crown (sized 2 cm×3 cm) and frontotemporal region (sized 4 cm×6 cm). Histopathology showed necrosis and atypical cells arranged in luminal pattern around lesion in the dermis. Immunohistochemistry showed CD31 (+), CD34 (+), ERG (+), HHV8 focal weak positive, P53 mutation, Ki-67 (30% +), CK (-), and CEA (-). Diagnosis: angiosarcoma. The patient and his family refused further diagnosis and treatment, and the patient passed away. Case 2 was an 81 years old female with dark erythema on the right scalp and face for 2 months. Dermatological examination revealed purple patch covered with purple papules and nodules on the right scalp and face. Skin histopathology showed slight thickening of the spinous layers, diffuse proliferation of endothelial cells in the dermis, segmentation of collagen, and atypia. Fissures and vascular lumens containing erythrocytes were also observed in the dermis. Immunohistochemistry: CD31 (+), CD34 (+), D240(+), ERG(+), Ki-67(≈35%+), S100(-), HMB45(-), and CK(-). Diagnosis: angiosarcoma of the scalp and face. The patient was transferred to the oncology department for radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and passed away during follow-up.

【Objective】Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) can be transmitted vertically through chicken embryos, and there have been reports of chicken embryos that are co-infected with the two viruses, however, the pathogenicity of co-infection between the two through chicken embryos has not been studied. An experimental animal model of vertical transmission of ALV-J and REV was established to study the pathogenicity of vertical transmission of ALV-J and REV and its effect on the purification test of avian leukaemia, with a view to providing a reference for the promotion of the synergistic purification of multiple pathogens.【Method】An infection model for chicks carrying ALV-J, REV and co-infected with the two viruses was constructed respectively by means of chicken embryo inoculation, and the pathogenicity of co-infection of REV and ALV-J in vertical transmission was analyzed by the indexes of hatching rate, mortality rate, body weight, fetal-feces ALV-p27 antigen detection rate, and viraemia positive rate.【Result】The hatching rate of the chicken embryos in the co-infection group of ALV-J+REV was 65.71%, which was lower than that in the mono-infection group and CK; the mortality rate in the co-infection group was higher than that in the mono-infection group and CK. The average weights of chicken in the CK, ALV-J group, REV group and ALV-J+REV group were 59.25, 50.83, 49.67, 43.78 g, indicating that co-infection increased the inhibition of growth. The results of ALV plasma virus isolation showed that the positive rates of ALV-J group and ALV-J+REV group were 100% at each day age, while the rate of CK was 0%. The results of anal swabs collected for the detection of ALV-27 antigen showed that the positive rates of ALV-J + REV group were 91.30%, 93.75%, 90.90% and 100% at day age (s) of 1, 3, 7 and 14, respectively, and the positive detection rate of ALV-J p27 in anal swabs was lower than that of plasma virus isolation. Comparison of the results of the immune organ development showed that, both ALV-J mono-infection and REV mono-infection could lead to the atrophy of chicken immune organs, while co-infection of them aggravated the degree of atrophy. The viral load of immune organs showed that the co-infection of REV and ALV-J promoted the proliferation of ALV-J in immune organs, while ALV-J also promoted the proliferation of REV in immune organs.【Conclusion】Co-infection of ALV-J and REV reduced embryo hatching rate, increased chick mortality and enhanced growth inhibition compared with mono-infection of ALV-J and REV, and the effect was more pronounced on inducing atrophy of immune organs such as the thymus, spleen and bursa, and both promoted mutual replication during co-infection.

In this study, liquid-liquid extraction-solvent assisted flavor evaporation (LLE-SAFE), headspace solid phase microextraction extraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography-quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC-Quadrupole-MS), gas chromatography-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) were used in combination to identify the volatile components in a fermented hawthorn wine (SBL-J) and a prepared hawthorn wine (FS), and the results of sensory analysis, modified frequency (MF) and odor activity value (OAV) were used to determine the key aroma compounds. Totally 89 aroma compounds were identified by LLE-SAFE/GC-O-MS. In addition, 29 and 38 aroma compounds with MF values of more than 20% were found in SBL-J and FS, respectively. A total of 123 volatile components were detected by HS-SPME/GC-Quadrupole-MS and HS-SPME/GC-Orbitrap-MS and there were 29 and 33 aroma compounds with OAV of greater than 1 (0.1 for esters) identified in SBL-J and FS, respectively. 2-Methybutyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and phenylethyl alcohol were the key aroma compounds in the two samples. To our knowledge, 2-methybutyl acetate, ethyl isovalerate, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoic acid ethyl ester and ethyl butyrate, were identified for the first time as the key aroma components of hawthorn wine.

Objective: Taking gonad saponins from female of Apostichopus japonicus (AGS) as the research object to explore its immune-enhancing activity. Methods: The immunoregulatory activity of AGS in vitro was studied by measuring the phagocytosis and cytokines of macrophages. Thereafter the immunoregulatory activity of AGS in immunocompromised mice was analyzed by measuring thymus and spleen index, carbon clearance index and phagocytic index, proliferation activity of peritoneal macrophages, spleen cells, NK cell activity, T lymphocyte subsets level and serum cytokines of mice. Results: In vitro experiments showed that AGS could improve the phagocytic ability of macrophages and enhance the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ, and each group was significantly different from the normal group (P