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Antimicrobial resistance is currently recognized as an urgent concern against public health in worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative bacteria, such as Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are listed as critical pathogens which are widely spread and can cause severe and often deadly infections in WHO guidance. Cefiderocol (Fetroja®), a novel and first siderophore cephalosporin, was approved for the infections caused by these problematic CR Gram-negative bacteria in Japan on November 30, 2023. Cefiderocol has unique mechanisms to be incorporated into bacterial cells using bacterial iron transportation system and to be highly stable against most β-lactamases, which lead to promising antibacterial activity against these Gram-negative bacteria including CR strains in vitro. In CREDIBLE-CR Ph3 trial, cefiderocol showed the good efficacy and safety for patients with CR Gram-negative bacteria. In APEKS-cUTI and APEKS-NP trials, cefiderocol showed non-inferiority and suggested superiority to imipenem/cilastatin in complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) patients, and non-inferiority to high dose of meropemen in pneumonia patients, respectively. Cefiderocol is expected to be an optimal treatment for CR Gram-negative infections with limited treatment options and would be an important drug to combat the threat of CR bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]