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Malnutrition is a common cancer treatment side effect, leading to the decreased treatment tolerance and increased risk of complications induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper summarized the studies on malnutrition among patients with lung cancer in perspectives of risk factors, evaluation tools and nursing interventions, in order to provide reference for clinical practice of lung cancer treatment and nursing. (营养不良是肺癌患者常见症状。营养不良可导致患者治疗耐受性下降、放化疗不良反应风险增加, 严重影响肺癌患者生活质量。本文从肺癌患者营养不良发生的危险因素、评估工具、护理干预措施等方面进行综述, 以期为临床护理人员选择合适的评估工具、给予有效的护理干预措施提供参考依据。)

New energy power plants generate vast amounts of operational data and experience highly variable operating conditions， posing a significant challenge when it comes to diagnosing faults in generator sets. For this reason， a fault diagnosis model based on an improved SVM （support vector machine） algorithm is introduced. Firstly， the concept and principle of SVM for new energy power plants are analyzed. A multivariate SVM classifier is used to optimize the SVM. Secondly， the fault signal extraction method and fault characterization method of photovoltaic power stations and wind farms are studied. Moreover， a fault diagnosis model is proposed. Finally， sample data are obtained from new energy power plants， and an improved SVM fault diagnosis model based on decision level fusion is built. Additionally， the model is trained using fault feature vectors. The results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy for photovoltaic power plants reaches 97.5%， while the fault diagnosis accuracy for wind farms reaches 98.09%， which verify the accuracy of the method.

Objective To explore the application value of treatment-related markers PD-L1, PD-L2, CD30, CD23, BCL-2, BCL-6, MUM1 and GATA3 in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma(PMBL). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 34 patients diagnosed with PMBL, and 31 patients with DLBCL-NOS which was not primary in the mediastinum were taken as control group. The expressions of 8 proteins were detected by IHC staining. Results The median percentages of tumor cells with PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD30 expression in PMBL group were 70% (30%, 90%), 25% (0, 70%) and 17.5% (0, 60%) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the DLBCL-NOS group (P < 0.05). The positive rates of CD30 and CD23 in PMBL group were 61.76% (21/34) and 76.47% (26/34) respectively, significantly different with those in the DLBCL-NOS group (P=0.000). The survival curve of PMBL patients with CD30 or BCL-6 expression showed a trend of poor prognosis, despite the P value was > 0.05. Conclusion The high expression levels of PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD30 in PMBL are helpful to accurately identify more patients who may respond to immune or targeted therapy. Immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1, PD-L2, CD30 and CD23 is helpful for the differential diagnosis of PMBL and DLBCL-NOS. As candidate prognostic indicators of PMBL, CD30 and BCL-6 should be further studied in a larger number of samples.

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) has unique clinical clinicopathological and biological characteristics. Studies have found that certain molecular features are similar to nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma(NSHL). Recent researches have focused not only on the common biological characteristics of these two tumors, but also on the identification of new key pathways for lymphoma formation, as well as their different mutant genes. Although the current standard of treatment for PMBL is chemotherapy and radiation therapy, methods are also proposed to eliminate radiation and thereby eliminate its long-term toxic effects. The role and impact of new targeted drug have been evaluated in PMBL, paving the way for testing drugs such as small molecule inhibitors and immunological checkpoint inhibitors, and indicating that future treatments should focus on combining effective new drugs with chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma has been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current status and hotspot of platelet-rich plasma globally by bibliometrics. METHODS: In the database of web of science, "platelet rich plasma" was used as keyword to research relevant researches published before December 25, 2018. The retrieved articles were indexed and analyzed according to country/region, institution, publication year, and publication name. Excel 2007 was used for descriptive statistics. VOS viewer (Leiden University, Netherlands) software was used to analyze and draw all the retrieved items. The main evaluation indicators were co-occurrence relationship, mutual citation relationship, co-citation relationship, and cooperation relationship map. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 8 499 studies on platelet-rich plasma were retrieved, and the number and citations increased gradually. (2) Number of studies on platelet-rich plasma ranked top 3 countries are the United States, Italy, and Japan. (3) The subject direction and research fields of platelet-rich plasma mainly involve five aspects: basic research on growth factor function, research on bone regeneration, clinical research in cartilage or osteoarthritis, platelet function research, and stem cells. (4) The analysis results based on big data suggest that platelet-rich plasma is mainly applied in orthopedics, especially cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis, which will be the focus of future research and technology investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the combination effect using iron chelators deferasirox and cisplatin on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis and to provide evidences to explore an effective way to treat lung cancer. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma cells were cultured by conventional way, with administration of different concentrations of deferasirox and cisplatin. Cell growth inhibition was observed under an inverted microscope. Proliferation inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay. Morphological changes of cell apoptosis was detected using DAPI, AO/EB straning and flow cytometry. Results After a certain time of incubation with different concentrations of the combined drugs, the cell number reduce significantly, which was counted under invert microscope. Cells were dispersed with each other and adherent cells appear shrunken and poor in refractivity. MTT assay showed that inhibition of cell proliferation was in a concentration-time-dependent manner. Chromatin condensation, nuclear condensation and other typical apoptotic morphology were detected after DAPI and AO/EB straining. Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis increased with rising drug concentration. So combination therapy was significantly pro-apoptotic. Conclusion Deferasirox has the ability to inhibit proliferation of A549 cells and can promote tumor cell apoptosis and enhances cancer cell tolerance when combined with cisplatin. It can also reduce the amount and toxicity of cisplatin. It provides a basis for finding an effective way to treat lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The effects of different color insect-proof nets on occurrence of thrips and growth characteristics and yield of cowpea were compared to provide scientific references for the application and extension of cultivation techniques of insect-proof nets in Hainan. [Method]With open field cultivation as the control, some indexes were investigated including growth period, plant height, stem diameter, intemode length, leaf chlorophyll index, pod trait, commodity production and thrips occurrence. The cowpea was cultivated in greenhouses covered with white and green insect-proof net from 2012 winter to 2013 spring. [Result] Compared to the control, shooting period of cowpea was 5 days earlier, pod period I day earlier and harvest period 7 days earlier in greenhouses covered with green insect-proof net, however the cowpea growth period was delayed. During the same cowpea growth period, the plant height and chlorophyll content index were the highest in green insect-proof net. Pod length, pod diameter and single pod weight were similar under different cultivation conditions, but commodity production of cowpea covered with green insect-proof net was 8.63% higher than the white, and 30.87% higher than the open field cultivation. The thrips occurrence amount of cowpea covered with white and green insect-proof net decreased significantly than in the control, and thrips occurrence amount of cowpea covered with green insect-proof net was less than the white. [Conclusion] In green insect-proof net, cowpea yield can be increased and thrips occurrence amount can be reduced, hence green insect-proof net is reeommendable in southern Hainan in the winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Song dynasty is considered a wakened regime after moving to the South, but the studies of Southern Song history demonstrate its unprecedented vitality on culture and arts. While the foreign troops ruined the North that caused political chaos and economic depression, the development in the South was relatively steady, and thus the Southern Song later even played the leading role in culture. It is undoubted that the region of Liangzhelu, where the capital Lin'an was, was especially the heart of economy and culture of the Southern Song. The credit for the prosperity of literature and art and the activity of academic thoughts had to go to the use of paper and the high development of printing technologies. Furthermore, knowledge was no longer limited to a few people owing to the popularity of publishing, and hence a culturally prosperous Song dynasty was formed. If culture is the foundation to advance the development of nations and societies, publishing and printing enterprise that closely relates to cultural policies is a significant criterion for examining it. Studies on publishing in the Southern Song often discuss issues of editions, collation, contents, binding, and so forth. Recently, with the influences and strikes of the trend of new cultural history, scholars start to study issues on publishing of the Southern Song from diverse angles. For instance, they discuss the development of woodblock printing industries from the angle of history of commerce, the spread and circulation of Song books based on communication studies, and issues on books, intellectual circles, regional communities, and awareness of copyright from the perspectives of social history. Based on the achievements of early scholarship, hence, the present, paper, by using both records in anthologies and bibliographies, examines the publishing situation of the Song dynasty based on the studies of editions and reviews textual sources on publishing, including historical and literary writings, reading notes by literati, the "Manuscript of Song Compendium," and the "Complete Prose of the Song." Among all, two specific types of books, namely, books for imperial examination and treatises of medicine, more in quantity, are selected in this research to discuss the relationship between the locations and markets of publishing in the Southern Song period and its related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1880, the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Yang Shoujing (born in Yidu, Hubei Province) was sent to Tokyo as attendance of the Chinese Legation in Japan and begun to collect old Chinese books widely scattered all over Japan. During the short period of only two years, Yang Shoujing with the help of his Japanese friends Mori Risshi and Mukoyama Koson then managed to acquire 26 old rare works of the Song and Yuan dynasty editions. Initially, he preserved the appearance of the original works by copying and reprinting them. Finally, he resorted to “reprinting the reprint” by editing and publishing it in the “Guyi Congshu” (Collection of Books from the far past). By using Yang Shoujing’s “Guyi Congshu” as an example, this article studies the differences of views and positions of Chinese and Japanese intellectuals on the issue of copying and reprinting old Chinese books. The article will first clarify the definition and notion of copies and reprints and through the book “Quigke Bihua” will then analyse the discussion of Yang Shoujing and his Japanese friend Mori Risshi on the subject of copies and reprints. Finally, the three parts of “Guyi Congshu”, namely “Erya” (Luxuriant and Refined Works), “Chunqiu Guliangzhuan” (Guliang’s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals), and “Lunyu Jijie” (Commentaries on the Analects of Confucius) will then be contrasted with the original edition copies in the National Place Museun in order to determine the differences between them. The publication of “Guyi Congshu” not only reflects the limitations from numerous external conditions that yang Shoujing was faced with in the process of reprinting old books, it also reflects his extreme inner conflicts and the difficult choices he had to make when he faces the dilemma of “respect for the old” vs. “correction of the old”. Even up to his day, Chinese and Japanese scholars have varying positive and negative appraisals towards “Guyi Congshu”. However, the research in this article shows that Yang Shoujing’s exhaustive efforts to bring about the return of the old Chinese books form abroad back to China, deserves recognition and affirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect and involved mechanism of RSL3 on ferroptosis action in acute leukemia cells MOLM13 and its drug-resistant cells., Methods: After MOLM13 treated with RSL3, CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of the cells, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). After MOLM13/IDA and MOLM13/Ara-C, the drug-resistant cell lines were constructed, the ferroptosis induced by RSL3 was observed. Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with acute monocytic leukemia. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of related genes and proteins involved in ferroptosis pathway., Results: RSL3 significantly inhibited the cell viability of MOLM13 and increased the intracellular ROS level, which were partially reversed by ferrostatin-1. The mRNA and protein expression of GPX4 decreased in MOLM13 treated with RSL3. RSL3 inhibited the viability of MOLM13/IDA and MOLM13/Ara-C cells more strongly than that of non-drug resistant cells, also increased the intracellular ROS level . The cytotoxic effects were partially reversed by ferrostatin-1. The mRNA and protein expressions of GPX4 in MOLM13/IDA and MOLM13/Ara-C cells were higher than those in non-drug resistant cells. The mRNA and protein levels of GPX4 in bone marrow of relapsed/refractory acute mononuclear leukemia patients were higher than those of ordinary acute mononuclear leukemia patients., Conclusion: RSL3 can induce non-drug resistant cells MOLM13 ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 activity. MOLM13/IDA and MOLM13/Ara-C are more sensitive to RSL3 compared with non-drug resistant cells MOLM13, which may be caused by the differences in GPX4 expression. The expressions of GPX4 mRNA and protein in relapsed/refractory acute mononuclear leukemia are higher than those in ordinary acute mononuclear leukemia.

Objective: To identify a more popularized preparation protocol of leukocytes-rich platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) for higher tolerance rate., Methods: The peripheral blood samples of 76 volunteers (45.0 mL/case) were mixed with 5 mL sodium citrate injection for blood transfusion, and L-PRP was prepared by twice centrifugations. All blood samples were divided into three groups according to the parameters of twice centrifugation: experimental group A (12 cases, 400× g , 10 minutes for the first time and 1 100× g , 10 minutes for the second time), experimental group B (27 cases, 800× g , 10 minutes for the first time and 1 100× g , 10 minutes for the second time), and control group (37 cases, 1 360× g , 10 minutes for the first time and 1 360× g , 10 minutes for the second time). The platelet recovery rate and platelet and leukocyte enrichment coefficient of L-PRP in each group were calculated and compared., Results: After removal of abnormal blood samples (platelet recovery rate was more than 100% or white thrombus), the remaining 55 cases were included in the statistical analysis, including 10 cases in experimental group A, 21 cases in experimental group B, and 24 cases in control group. The platelet enrichment coefficient and platelet recovery rate of experimental group B were significantly higher than those of experimental group A and control group ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference between experimental group A and control group ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in leukocyte enrichment coefficient between experimental groups A, B, and control group ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The preparation quality of PRP is affected by various factors, including centrifugal force, centrifugal time, temperature, and operation process, etc . Twice centrifugation (800× g , 10 minutes for the first time and 1 100× g , 10 minutes for the second time) is an ideal and feasible centrifugation scheme, which can obtain satisfactory platelet recovery rate and enrichment coefficient with thicker buffy coat, which can reduce the fine operation requirements for operators, improve the fault tolerance rate and generalization.

Objective: To explore the correlation between cerebrovascular hemodynamic index (CVHI)accumulative score and subclinical arteriosclerosis indicators.
 Methods: A total of 27 184 cases were collected from the Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Linear regression analysis was carried out to confirm the correlations between CVHI accumulative score and the modified Framingham stroke profile (FSP), as well as between CVHI accumulative score and cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) scale. The correlation between CVHI accumulative score and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), carotid plaque orcarotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was analyzed by multifactor logistic regression model in 11 580 cases. Moreover, the correlation between CVHI accumulative score and microalbuminuria or serum cystatin C was performed by multifactor logistic regression model in 9 860 cases.
 Results: In this study, the people whose CVHI accumulative score was less than 75 accounted for 12.98%. The CVHI accumulative score was negatively related with the modified FSP score (r=-0.484, P<0.01) or ICVD score (r=-0.455, P<0.01). The multifactor logistic regression model found that the baPWV, carotid plaque, microalbuminuria and serum cystatin C were independent predictors for CVHI accumulative score.
 Conclusion: The CVHI accumulative score is correlated with the modified FSP score, ICVD score and indexes of subclinical arteriosclerosis (baPWV, carotid plaque, microalbuminuria and serum cystatin C). The CVHI accumulative score could be used as a tool for zero-level and primary prevention of cerebral stroke.

Objective: To explore the value of bone marrow smear combined with biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma., Methods: Clinical data of 50 cases of lymphoma from our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of the bone marrow smear and the bone marrow biopsy were compared simultaneously., Results: The decision for the degree of bone marrow hyperplasia in bone marrow biopsy slice was superior to that in smear, and the active or highly active hyperplasia of nucleated cells were observed in all the bone marrow biopsies; the lymphomatic cells were observed in bone marrow smear of the 12 patients(24%), but the bone marrow biopsies showed a higher detection rate of lymphomatic cells 44% in 22 patients(P<0.05); The hyperplasia of bone marrow fibrous tissue, mainly mild to moderate, were the common in cases with bone marrow involvement and the severity of bone marrow fibrosis positively correlated with the number of lymphomatic cells., Conclusion: Biopsy combined with aspiration can improve the accuracy of diagnosis in lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.

Objective: To observe the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) on the differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes in vitro and explore the possible mechanism., Methods: CCK8 assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of SPIO (1 and 5 µg/mL) on cultured SD rat BMSCs. Prussian blue staining and fluorescence excitation assay were used to assess the binding of the SPIO to BMSCs after the cells had been cultured in chondrocytes-induced medium in the presence of SPIO (1 and 5 µg/mL) for 9 days. The mRNA levels of COL2 α2, aggrecan and MMP13 in the cell culture were examined using Q-PCR, and the chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs was analyzed using alcian blue staining and immunofluorescence staining for COL2 α2. The protein levels of COL2 α2, aggrecan, MMP13, Ihh and PTHrP in the cells were examined using Western blotting., Results: CCK8 assay showed no significant toxicity of SPIO on BMSCs. Compared with the control cells, the cells cultured in the presence of SPIO showed increased expressions of COL2 α2 and aggrecan and decreased expression of MMP13 at both mRNA and protein levels with also significantly increased expressions of Ihh and PTHrP proteins., Conclusion: SPIO can promote the differentiation of rat BMSCs into chondrocytes and up-regulate the Ihh/PTHrP signal pathway, suggesting the potential of SPIO as a new therapeutic agent for chondrocyte-related diseases.

Objective: To explore whether hypoxic condition could promote the olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) to differentiate into neurons with the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) supernatant and the potential mechanisms.
 Methods: The OM-MSCs and OECs were isolated and cultured, and they were identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The OM-MSCs were divided into three groups: a 3%O2+ HIF-1α inhibitors (lificiguat: YC-1) + OECs supernatant group (Group A) , a 3%O2 + OECs supernatant group (Group B) and a 21%O2 + OECs supernatant group (Control group). The neurons, which were differentiated from OM-MSCs, were assessed by immunofluorescence test. The mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), βIII-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic portein (GFAP) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Western blot. The potassium channels were analyzed by patch clamp.
 Results: The neurons differentiated from OM-MSCs expressed the most amount of βIII-tubulin, and the result of Q-PCR showed that HIF-1α expression in the Group B was significantly higher than that in the other groups (all P<0.05). Western blot result showed that the βIII-tubulin protein expression was significantly higher and GFAP protein expression was obviously decreased in the Group B (both P<0.05). The patch clamp test confirmed that the potassium channels in the neurons were activated.
 Conclusion: Hypoxic condition can significantly increase the neuronal differentiation of OM-MSCs by the OECs supernatant and decrease the production of neuroglia cells, which is associated with the activation of HIF-1 signal pathway.

As a new style fertilizer, slow-control release fertilizer had been an important subject in recent years, but few researches were about soil microbial community structure diversity. Phospholipid fatty acid method was used to determined the microbial community structure diversity of acid soil and slight alkaline soil applied with slow-release compound fertilizer (SRF), chemical fertilizer (CF) and common compound fertilizer (CCF) at the 10th, 30th, 60th and 90th day under the constant temperature incubation condition. Results indicated that various bacteria (i. e 13:0, i14:0,14:0, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, 16:12OH, 16:1w5c,16:0, i17:0, a17:0, cy17:0, 17:02OH, i18:0, 18:0 and cy19:0w8c), two actinomycetes (10Me17:0 and 10Me18:0) and only one fungus (18:1 w9c) were detected in two soils after applying slow-release compound fertilizer and other fertilizers during the whole incubation period. SRF could significantly increase the fungi PLFA content by 8.3% and 6.8% at the early stage (the 10th day and 30th day) compared with CF, as well as significantly increase by 22.7% and 17.1% at the late stage (the 60th day and 90th day) compared with CCF in acid soil. SRF significantly increased bacteria, fungi and gram positive bacteria compared with CF and CCF in incubation period (except at the 30th day) in slight alkaline soil. SRF could significantly improve the ratio of normal saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid at the 30th day and 90th days in acid soil compared with no fertilizer (CK), CF and CCF, while as to slight alkaline soil, SRF was significantly greater than that of CK, CF and CCF only at the 60th day. SRF could significantly decrease the ratio of iso PLFA and anteiso PLFA in acid soil (in 30-90 days) and slight alkaline soil (in 10-60 days). For two soils PLFA varieties, contents and ratios of microbial community, slow-release compound fertilizer increased soil microbial PLFA varieties and contents, and decreased the influence to microbial survival environment, especially for the acid soil. Through the research of slow-release compound fertilizer on soil microbial community structure diversity, it could provide a scientific basis for widely application of slow-release compound fertilizer in agricultural production.

Surface lubricity is one of the important performance criteria for interventional guide wire. In this paper, a review of the methods of surface hydrophilicity and lubrication modification of interventional guide wire is presented, including their fundamental principles, effects and some relative applications. These methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages, therefore, limitations of experimental conditions need to be taken into account.

Objective: To initially investigate the expressing regularity and effect of enterocyte NOD like receptors on gut mucosal barrier during early phase of acute intra-abdominal infection., Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=24). Acute intra-abdominal infection model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The level of NOD2 and NOD like receptor 3 (NLRP3) mRNA expression in gut mucosa was determined using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the expression of caspase-1 and tight junction protein was determined by Western blotting; the activity of nuclear factor-ΚB (NF-ΚB) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); the level of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The dead cell percentage of enterocyte was observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling, and the gut mucosal permeability using an in situ loop preparation of gut with fluorescence isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran was determined., Results: NOD2 mRNA expression was quickly increased to a very high apex at 2 hours after operation, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (75.50±13.03 vs. 1.00±0.00, P<0.01), and quickly descended at 6 hours, and then slowing descended. The expression of NLRP3 mRNA was decreased at 2 hours after the operation, then increased gradually, and peaked at 12 hours, which was significantly higher than that in control group (4.03±0.71 vs. 1.00±0.00,P<0.05). The level of caspase-1 was significantly higher than that in control group at 2 hours (3.56±0.14 vs. 2.10±0.11,P<0.01) and then gradually increased. The levels of Occludin, ZO-1 and Claudin-4 were obviously lowered than that in control group at 2-6 hours (2 hours Occludin: 7.24±1.13 vs. 12.72±1.34, 6 hours ZO-1: 0.47±0.09 vs. 1.57±0.17, 2 hours Claudin-4: 1.63±0.28 vs. 3.40±0.34, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and then all slowly decreased. The activity of NF-ΚB was quickly increased at 2 hours, obviously higher than that in control group (24.85±0.57 vs. 12.42±0.73, P<0.01), and then slowly decreased at a state of high expression. The expression of IL-6 in experimental group had a peak at 6 hours (compared with the control group, 3088.07±330.03 vs. 26.19±7.58,P<0.01), and then slowly decreased. The level of TNF-α was significantly higher than that in control group at 2 hours (110.75±19.18 vs. 7.86±3.58,P<0.01), and then gradually increased. The percentage of dead enterocyte was higher than that in control group with infection progress (0.12±0.02 vs. 0.03±0.01,P<0.05), and then gradually increased, so mucosal permeability was gradually increased too. Compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant through 2 hours [glucosans: (35.75±4.66)% vs. (2.84±0.35)%, P<0.01]. The relevance analysis showed that NLRP3 have a little higher correlation with mucosal permeability and caspase-1 protein expression than other targets. Caspase-1 had a strong correlation with the percentage of dead cell, TNF-α and gut mucosal permeability. Gut mucosal permeability had highest correlation with the expression of caspase-1 protein., Conclusions: The data of our study suggested that NOD2 and NLRP3 take role in early phase of intra-abdominal infection, the huge wave of the expression level of NOD2 hinted that it was feed backed by some accurate mechanism in case of its express was too strong or too weak. The correlation of NLRP3, caspase-1, and percentage of dead cell imply they maybe have some extent of causation, and the percentage of dead cell in gut mucosa was as important as tight junction protein in maintaining the function of intestinal mucosal barrier.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology in development of specific antiviral therapy, but the quantitative detection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) expressed in vivo is the main challenge to assess its antiviral effect. In order to detect the siRNA molecules (siN1 and SiN2) particularly expressed in cells to inhibit the replication of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), serial specific stem-loop primers were designed and synthesized. Two of them (SLP-N1-6 and SLP-N2-8) were selected by screening in cross combination and successfully used in establishment of an optimal stem-loop RT-qPCR, which showed high specificity and sensitivity in detection of anti-CSFV siRNA expressed in PK-15 cells. The method was capable of detecting 10(2) to 10(8) copies of siRNA molecule with good parallel relationship (R(sq) = 0.999) and high amplification efficiency (Eff. = 98.2%). Therefore, the established stem-loop RT-qPCR can be used as an ideal tool in quantitative assessment of the anti-CSFV effects of RNAi in combination with detection of viral antigens using indirect immunofluorescent assay and TCID50, providing a novel technique for evaluating the antiviral effects of the siRNA expressed in anti-CSFV transgenic pigs to be established in future.

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can enhance the chondrocyte proliferation and repair of cartilage defects. To explore the safety and efficacy of intra-knee-articular injection of PRP to treat knee articular cartilage degeneration by comparing with injecting sodium hyaluronate (SH)., Methods: Thirty consecutive patients (30 knees) with knee articular cartilage degeneration were selected between January 2010 and June 2010. According to different injections, 30 patients were randomly divided into PRP group (test group, n = 15) and SH group (control group, n = 15). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, and Kellgren-Lawrence grade between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Test group received 3.5 mL of PRP intra-knee-articular injections while control group received 2 mL of SH during the same time period. Both treatments were administered in series of 3 intra-knee-articular injections at 3-week intervals. Then, adverse reactions were recorded. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and Lequesne index were used for evaluation of treatment results., Results: The patients of 2 groups were followed up 6 months. There were significant differences in IKDC score, WOMAC score, and Lequesne index between pre- and post-injection in 2 groups (P < 0.05); no significant difference was found between different time points (3, 4, and 6 months) in test group (P > 0.05), while significant differences were found between the postoperative 6th month and the postoperative 3rd and 4th months in control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IKDC score, WOMAC score, and Lequesne index between 2 groups within 4 months (P > 0.05), but the effectiveness of test group was significantly better than that of control group at 6 months after injection (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions occurred in 12 patients (31 injections) of test group and in 12 patients (30 injections) of control group. No significant difference in onset time, termination time, and duration of adverse reactions were found between 2 groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Intra-knee-articular injection of PRP to treat knee articular cartilage degeneration is safe, which can alleviate symptoms of pain and swelling and improve the quality of life of patients; however, further data of large samples and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness.

The present study was to investigate the role of dopamine D1 receptors and its relationship with glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor in depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CUMS-induced depression model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, and intrahippocampal microinjections of D1 dopamine receptor agonist SKF38393, non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX were respectively adopted by rat brain stereotaxic coordinates. The behavioral observations were conducted by measurement of weight changes, sucrose preference test, open-field test and tail suspension test. The concentration of glutamic acid and the expression of its receptors' subunits were detected by HPLC and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that, compared with control group, CUMS rats showed depression-like behavioral changes, higher concentration of glutamic acid, lower expressions of NMDA receptor (NR1) and AMPA receptor (GluR2/3) in hippocampus. Pretreatment with injection of SKF38393 could rescue such depression effect of CUMS, decrease the concentration of glutamic acid, and increase the expressions of NMDA receptor (NR1), AMPA receptor (GluR2/3) in hippocampus. Pretreatment with MK-801 could enhance the antidepressant effect of SKF38393, while NBQX weakened. These results suggest that agonists of D1 dopamine receptor could reduce the concentration of glutamic acid in hippocampus, and its antidepressant effect may be mediated by AMPA receptor partially.

A disposable electrode, multi-walled carbon nanotube modified screen printed electrode (MWCNT/SPE), had been fabricated using screen printing technology and drop-coating method to determine dihydroxybenzene isomers (hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol). The cyclic voltammetry behavior of dihydroxybenzene isomers had been investigated with the MWCNT/SPE. The results reveal that MWCNT/SPE, which shows a strong electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of dihydroxybenzenes, can entirely separate the oxidation peaks of them. According to differential pulse voltammetry tests, the peak currents of dihydroxybenzene isomers are linear to their concentrations at the range of 8.20 x 10(-6) -1.00 x 10(-3), 8.20 x 10(-6) -1.00 x 10(-3) and 1.64 x 10(-5) -1.16 x 10(-3) mol x L(-1), with the detection limits of 4.34 x 10(-6), 3.42 x 10(-6) and 6.70 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) for hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol, respectively. For the determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in water samples, the value of recovery found by standard addition method was in the range of 96.2%-104.9%. These results indicate MWCNT/SPE can be applied to rapid in-situ determination of dihydroxybenzenes-polluted water samples.

Objective: To calculate the recovery rate and enrichment factor and to analyse the correlation by measuring the concentrations of platelets, leukocyte, and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) so as to evaluate the feasibility and stability of a set of PRP preparation., Methods: The peripheral blood (40 mL) was collected from 30 volunteers accorded with the inclusion criteria, and then 4 mL PRP was prepared using the package produced by Shandong Weigao Group Medical Polymer Company Limited. Automatic hematology analyzer was used to count the concentrations of platelets and leukocyte in whole blood and PRP. The enrichment factor and recovery rate of platelets or leukocyte were calculated; the platelet and leukocyte concentrations of male and female volunteers were measured, respectively. The concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assayed by ELISA., Results: The platelet concentrations of whole blood and PRP were (131.40 +/- 29.44) x 10(9)/L and (819.47 +/- 136.32) x 10(9)/L, respectively, showing significant difference (t = 27.020, P = 0.000). The recovery rate of platelets was 60.85% +/- 8.97%, and the enrichment factor was 6.40 +/- 1.06. The leukocyte concentrations of whole blood and PRP were (5.57 +/- 1.91) x 10(12)/L and (32.20 +/- 10.42) x 10(12)/L, respectively, showing significant difference (t = 13.780, P = 0.000). The recovery rate of leukocyte was 58.30% +/- 19.24%, and the enrichment factor was 6.10 +/- 1.93. The concentrations of platelets and leukocyte in PRP were positively correlated with the platelet concentration (r = 0.652, P = 0.000) and leukocyte concentration (r = 0.460, P = 0.011) in whole blood. The concentrations of platelet and leukocyte in PRP between male and female were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The concentrations of PDGF, TGF-beta, and VEGF in PRP were (698.15 +/- 64.48), (681.36 +/- 65.90), and (1071.55 +/- 106.04) ng/mL, which were (5.67 +/- 1.18), (6.99 +/- 0.61), and (5.74 +/- 0.83) times higher than those in the whole blood, respectively. PDGF concentration (r = 0.832, P = 0.020), TGF-beta concentration (r = 0.835, P = 0.019), and VEGF concentration (r = 0.824, P = 0.023) in PRP were positively correlated with platelet concentration of PRP., Conclusion: PRP with high concentrations of platelets, white blood cells and growth factors can be prepared stably by this package.

Objective: To introduce the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of chronic tissue lesions., Methods: The latest research papers concerning the relevant subject were reviewed and analyzed., Results: In PRP, the platelets and cytokines, the interaction of them in the same proportion as they were in the body fluid, played promoting role in repairing the chronic damage of tissues. However, there was still way to go before PRP was applied for clinical use in a wider range., Conclusion: PRP has quite a bright outlook in the treatment of chronic tissue lesions.

For the cucumber harvesting robot, the identification of target information is one of important tasks in the automation of fruit-picking. In order to implement spatial fruit localization and quality discrimination in greenhouse, this paper presented a machine vision algorithm for the recognition and detection of cucumber fruits based on near-infrared spectral imaging. By comparing the spectral reflectance of cucumber plant (fruit, leaf and stem) from visible to infrared region (325-1 075 nm) measured by ASD FieldSpec Pro VNIR spectrometer, a monospectral near-infrared image at the 850 nm sensitive wavelength was captured to cope with the similar-color segmentation problem in complex environment. Then, a method of fruit extraction was developed on the basis of the following steps. Firstly, from the gray level histogram it was observed that the pixels of fruit distributed on the right are lesser than that of background, so "P parameter threshold method" was used to image segmentation. Subsequently, divided local image was partitioned into several sub-blocks by the application of adaptive template mining, which was feasible for processing the fruit with long-column feature. Finally, noises including parts of stem and leaf were eliminated using estimation condition of barycentre position and area size, proved by relative experiment In addition, the region for robotic grasping was established by gray variation between fruit-handle and fruit pedicel, as the quality feature was extracted with morphological characteristics of the centre-line length and the fruit flexure degree. A detecting experiment was carried out on 30 images with cucumber fruits and 10 images with no fruits, which were taken in a changing greenhouse environment. The results indicate that the accuracy rate of the recognition was 83.3% and 100%, while the success rate of effectively acquiring the grasping region was 83.3%, which can meet the demand of robotic fruit-harvesting.

Objective: To investigate the effect of PRP in improving bone repair so as to provide an experimental basis for repairing bone defect., Methods: From January 2007 to March 2007, 59 cases of fresh fracture were treated with PRP (PRP group, n=29) and with conventional open reduction and fixation (control group, n=30). In PRP group, there were 19 males and 10 females, aging 18-57 years (mean 43.62 years), including 8 cases of femoral fracture, 12 cases of tibio-fibula fracture, cases of humeral fracture, 3 cases of ulna and radia fracture, 2 cases of fracture in extremity and 2 cases of clavicular fracture. In control group, there 19 males and 11 females, aging 22 to 57 years (mean 35 years), and including 7 cases of femoral fracture, cases of tibio-fibula fracture, 5 cases of humeral fracture, 7 cases of ulna and radia fracture, 1 case of fracture in extremity and 1 case of clavicular fracture. All patients were admission within 24 hours after injury. The time from hospitalization to operation was 24 to 48 hours (mean 36 hours). There were no statistically significant differences in the common data between two groups (P > 0.05). The degree of inflammatory reaction of wounds, the grade of wounds healing and the hospitalization days were observed and analysed statistically., Results: At 5 days after operation, no inflammatory reaction was observed in 22 cases of RPR group and in 17 cases of control group, mild inflammatory reaction in 6 cases of RPR group and in 8 cases of control group, moderate inflammatory reaction in 1 case of RPR group and in 3 cases of control group, and serious inflammatory reaction in 2 case of control group, showing no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Wound healed by first intention in 29 patients of RPR group and in 29 patients of control group (29/30), by second intention after 3 days of dressing change in 1 patient of control group; showing no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). The hospitalization days were (8.21 +/- 1.52) days in RPR group and (11.67 +/- 1.48) days in control group, showing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). All patients of two groups were followed up 6-12 months (mean 10 months). The X-ray films at follow-up showed that bony healing was achieved within 6-8 months in RPR group and within 8-10 months in control group, showing no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Using PRP can speed up the healing of operative incision with no adverse effect, shorten the hospitalization days.

Objective: To study the efficacy of alendronate to prevent hip fracture risk of postmenopausal women., Methods: Randomized controlled trials in postmenopausal women receiving alendronate or placebo for preventing hip fractures rate were searched from Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trial Registry and China Biological Medicine database between January 1980 to December 2007. Key words included hip fractures, alendronate, postmenopausal and placebo-controlled. Language was limited in English and Chinese. The software Revman 4.2 was used to perform meta-analysis., Results: Six trials, which included 8610 postmenopausal women, met all our inclusion criteria Meta-analysis showed that alendronate can decrease hip fracture rate (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.77)., Conclusion: Alendronate can reduce significantly hip fracture rate in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in rats with alcoholic liver diseases and in cells treated with alcohol., Methods: 22 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, an alcohol model group and a TP plus alcohol group. All treatments were injected into stomach through intragastric tube. L02 cells were divided into five groups: a control group, an alcohol treated group, a prevention group (cells were treated with TP for 3 days, and then treated with alcohol), an intervention group (cells treated with TP and alcohol), and a therapeutic group (cells were treated with alcohol for 3 days, and then treated with TP). Histopathology was observed under light microscope (LM); serum MDA, ROS in cells were quantified by optical density measurement; the expression of NF-kB and IkB was determined by RT-PCR; and the activity of NF-kB was checked with Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA)., Results: LM indicated hepatocytes were injured obviously in the model group. Serum MDA and cells ROS in TP treated groups were significantly lower than the alcohol treated group. The level of NF-kB mRNA expression in TP treated groups(rats: 0.58+/-0.16, cells: 0.60+/-0.03, 0.59+/-0.01, 0.59+/-0.01) were significantly lower than the alcohol treated group (rats: 1.15+/-0.03, cells: 0.76+/-0.03) (P<0.01), the level of IkB mRNA expression in the prevention group, intervention group, and therapeutic group (0.51+/-0.01, 0.50+/-0.01, 0.50+/-0.12) were significantly higher than the alcohol treated group (0.61+/-0.03) (P<0.05), the difference among the three groups was not significant (P>0.05). The activity of NF-kB in TP treated rats(DNA stain: 669.85+/-41.34, Protein stain: 675.35+/-18.27) was significantly lower than the alcohol treated rats(DNA stain: 1410.78+/-22.19, Protein stain:1426.08+/-33.15) (P<0.01); NF-kB activity in cells of the prevention, intervention, therapeutic groups (DNA stain: 713.07+/-11.91, 710.79+/-14.99, 693.45+/-71.69; Protein stain: 758.88+/-34.65, 753.07+/-76.78, 725.77+/-36.09) was significantly lower than the alcohol treated cells (DNA stain: 849.94+/-12.45, Protein stain: 925.96+/-5.78) (P<0.01), the difference among the three TP treated groups was not significant (P>0.01)., Conclusion: TP can alleviate and prevent alcohol-induced liver injury via inhibiting NF-kB activation.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis., Method: Liver biopsies from 30 cases of infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis were observed under optical microscope and electronic microscope., Result: The main clinical manifestations were jaundice, splenohepatomegaly and hypohepatia. Laboratory test showed dysfunction of liver, high level of CMV DNA, and high titer of anti-CMV antibody. Imaging examination demonstrated hepatomegaly. The histological changes were hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The histological characteristics of cytomegalovirus hepatitis, including intranuclear inclusions in multinucleated giant cells and pseudo-lumens, were also observed under optical microscope. In addition, virion was observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of hepatocytes under electronic microscope., Conclusion: The viral DNA and serological tests have limited utility for the diagnosis of infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and the final diagnosis depends on histopathology.

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelength region provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory sets up a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface alterations. Therefore the authors can explore for oil and gas by determining the reflectance spectra of surface alterations. This determination can be fulfilled by means of field work and hyperspectral remote sensing. In the present paper, firstly a macroscopical feature of reflectance spectra of typical observation points in gas fields is presented. Then a method is proposed in order to provide surface distribution information (e.g., classification) of alterations based on the reflectance spectra determined from the field, and obtain anomaly zones of the special alterations. This method has been applied to the analysis of the reflectance spectra determined in the field of Qinghai X X area, and the classification results tally with the existent gas fields in this area. A robustness analysis of the method shows that good results can be obtained when different combinations of parameters, such as samples, study band regions and thresholds, have been chosen in the process of classification. The valid classification samples and algorithms can be provided for the oil and gas exploration in progress in this area using NASA experimental hyperion hyperspectral satellite.

Objective: To investigate the ability of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) combined with cells and artificial bone in accelerating the repair of bone defect., Methods: The marrow stromal stem cells (MSCs) of rabbit were cultured and induced into the osteoblast-like cells in vitro. PRP was produced with low-density twice centrifugations. Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were made 1.2 cm bilateral radius defect models and divided into 4 groups averagely at random: group A (left:PRP/MSCs/beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), right: MSCs/beta-TCP), group B (left:auto-radius, right: PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP); group C (left:auto-radius, right: MSCs/beta-TCP), and group D (left:PRP/beta-TCP; right:beta-TCP). At 2, 6 and 12 weeks after operation, the repair of bone defect was evaluated by the general observation, histology, biomechanics and histomorphology., Results: There was a stable platelet concentration in PRP and it was about 5.45+/-0. 23 times of whole blood. In the aspect of bone bridge and conture of the defects, at 2 and 6 weeks, PRP/MSCs/ beta-TCP and MSCs/beta-TCP displayed a similar outcome and were less than auto in general sample and X-ray; at 12 weeks, PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP was similar to auto-radius and better than MSCs/beta-TCP. in the aspect of quantity and quality of bone formation, histology showed that PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP and auto-radius were better than MSCs/beta-TCP (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP and auto-radius (P>0.05). At 2 and 6 weeks, there was no significant difference between PRP/beta-TCP and beta-TCP (P>0.05). At 12 weeks, PRP/beta-TCP was better than beta-TCP (P<0.05). In the aspect of intensity of bone formation, at 6 and 12 weeks, PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP and auto-radius were better than MSCs/beta-TCP (P<0.05). At 6 weeks, auto-radius was better than PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, there was no significant difference between PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP and auto (P>0.05). PRP/TCP and beta-TCP had no significant difference at 12 weeks (P> 0.05)., Conclusion: PRP/MSCs/beta-TCP demonstrated excellent ability of forming bone in experiment. PRP was most likely to accelerate the repair of bone defect through increasing the activity of proliferation and differentiation of MSCs and osteoblasts.

This paper focuses on the trends in wearable medical devices for the applications in m-health. The state-of-art technologies for the continuous and noninvasive measurements of physiological parameters, implementation platforms of wearable medical devices - e-textile, and body sensor networks are reviewed here with examples of related recent research projects conducted in different countries. In addition, we introduce our recent research project on the e-textile-based health shirt (h-shirt), which can measure arterial blood pressure noninvasively, continuously and cufflessly.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical technique, clinical results, and the complications of modified free vascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head., Methods: From October 2000 to August 2004, 124 patients (139 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were treated with modified free vascularized fibular grafting. There were 83 males(93 hips) and 41 females (46 hips), with a mean age of 36.4 years (16-57). The disease was caused by trauma in 49 cases(54 hips), use of steroids in 29 cases (32 hips), consumption of alcohol in 19 cases (21 hips) and idiopathic condition in 27 cases (32 hips). Of 139 hips, 50 were classified as stage II ; 71 as stage II, 18 as stage IV according to Steinberg system; the Harris hip scores were 79.3, 69.3 and 58.4, respectively. At the operation, modified technique of the fibular osteotomy was adopted. A front-hip operative approach was designed and a modified technique of removing the necrotic bone in femoral head was applied. During operation, the duration of operation, the bleeding volume, and the length of incisions were recorded. The follow-up items included the results of X-ray examination, the Harris score of the hip, and the evaluation of the complications., Results: The duration of the fibular osteotomy was 10 to 30 min (15 min on average). The duration of the total operation was 80 to 120 min (90 min on average). The length of incision at the hip was 6 to 12 cm (8 cm on average). The bleeding volume was 100 to 300 ml (200 ml on average). The average hospitalization days was 7 days. After operation, Harris hip scores in most cases were improved. According to postoperative X-ray, 62 hips (79.5%) were improved to different extents and 14 hips (17.9%) had no significant changes. Deterioration occurred in 2 hips (2.6%)., Conclusion: The modified free vascularized fibular grafting has lots of virtues, such as less bleeding volume, more clear anatomic structure, more convenience for operation, less damage, less complications, and better results of function recovery. It is an effective method for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Objective: To study the mechanism of compound of calcium phosphate (TCP) and platelet-rich plasma(PRP) in the treatment of femoral head necrosis., Methods: The left femoral heads of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were frozen by liquid nitrogen as to make the model of femoral head necrosis. Twenty-four rabbits were randomly chosen as the experimental group and their femoral heads were filled with TCP/PRP. The other 24 rabbits were used as the control group and their femoral heads were filled only with TCP. They were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation. The specimens were examined with X-ray and histological study., Results: At 2 weeks after operation, there was no significant difference in femoral head density between the two groups. Four weeks after operation, femoral head density decreased in both groups, while it decreased more in the control group. At 8, 12 weeks after operation, the density of the femoral heads in both groups increased, and it was higher in the experimental group. Histology examination showed that there was no difference between the two groups 2 weeks after operation. The head became flat at 4 weeks. Control group had more defects. At 4, 8, 12 weeks, more repairs were observed in the experimental group than that in the control group. The amount and maturity of osteogenesis in experimental group were much more greater than those in control group. Bone histomorphometry showed that the volume of the trabecular was larger in the experimental group (36.65% +/- 7.22%, 38.29% +/- 4.28%, 39.24% +/- 3.42%) than that of control group (P < 0. 05)., Conclusion: TCP/PRP does not only provide osteoblasts scaffold, but also promotes bone formation and the head repair. TCP/PRP is a good biomaterial for the treatment of femur head necrosis.

Objective: To study the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation and osteogenetic activity of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in vitro to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism by which PRP accelerates bone repair., Methods: The human MSCs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 9) and control group (n = 9). In the experimental group, the MSCs were inter-fused with PRP (10 microl/ml culture media). The proliferation ability of the cells was tested by flow cytometry and MTT, the osteogenetic activity by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measuring and tetracycline fluorometry, and cbfa1 mRNA expression by reverse transcript-PCR., Results: PRP could stimulate the MSCs proliferation. The flow cytometry assay showed that the MSCs proportion of S period of the experimental group significantly increased 14.5+/-0.4 in comparison with that of the control group 7.2+/-0.5 (P<0.01) after 24 hours. MTT value showed that MSCs proliferated to platform period earlier in the experimental group than in the control group. There was a significant increase in ALP activity of the experimental group 7.79+/-1.98, 9.51+/-2.31 and 14.03+/-3.02 when compared with that of the control group 2.06+/-0.77, 2.84+/-0.82 and 2.58+/-0.84 after 3, 6 and 9 days (P<0.05). The number of mineral nodes increased. Reverse transcript-PCR showed that the expression of cbfa1 mRNA were elevated gradually at 2, 4 and 8 hours after inter-fused with PRP., Conclusion: The effect of PRP on accelerating bone repair is related to its effects on stimulating the proliferation of MSCs, increasing the cbfa1 expression and promoting the osteogenetic activity.

Objective: To study the effect of platelet-rich plasma in the repair of bone defect., Methods: Segmental bone defects of 1 cm were created in the mid-upper part of bilateral radius of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. One side was randomly chosen as the experimental side, which was filled with artificial bone with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The other side filled with artificial bone without PRP as the control. After 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of implantation, the gross, radiological, histological observations, and computer graphic analysis were performed to investigate the bone healing of the defect in both sides., Results: Two weeks after operation, new bone and fibrous tissue formation in both the experimental and the control sides were observed only in the areas adjacent to the cut ends of the host bone, but the amount of new tissue in the experimental side was much more than that in the control side. In the 4th and 8th weeks, the surface of the artificial bone was covered with a large amount of new bones, the artificial bone was bridged tightly with the host bone by callus in the experimental side, while new bone was limited mainly in the cut ends and was less mature in the control side. In the 12th weeks, bone defects were entirely healed in the experimental side, which were covered completely with cortical bone, while new bone formation was only observed in the ends of artificial bone and there were not continuous bone callus on the surface in the control side., Conclusion: Artificial bone with PRP is effective in the repair of segmental bone defects, and PRP could improve the healing of bone defect.