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By using activated sludge from the anaerobic tank of a coking plant, a highly efficient phenol-degrading bacterial (PDB) community was successfully obtained through separation and domestication, and its effect on microbial degradation of phenol was investigated. The results showed that the degradation effect of PDB community on phenol was affected by the substrate concentration. The degradation rate reached 100% when the phenol concentration was lower than 700 mg/L. However, when the concentration of phenol increased to 1 300 mg/L, the degradation rate decreased to 41.6%. When the concentration of phenol exceeded 1 700 mg/L, the PDB community could basically unable to grow. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the species richness within the PDB community was high. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota were dominant phyla, while Serratia sp., Bacillus sp., and Muribaculaceae sp. were core dominant genera of PDB. Metabolites analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the pathway for phenol degradation by PDB community was through ortho-cleavage, resulting in acidic intermediate products that subsequently decomposed into chain-like small molecular substances.

Biological nitrogen removal technology has bottlenecks such as long start-up time and low efficiency in the process of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment due to the specificity of wastewater, while the screened single high-efficiency nitrogen removal strain suffers from poor stability in the actual wastewater treatment process. In this study, based on the screening of a large number of highly efficient heterotrophic nitrification- aerobic denitrification strains,the core strains 139# and 142# were identified through partial factorial experiments, and the strain combinations were optimized by combining metabolic correlation and stratified sampling methods to artificially construct an efficient nitrogen removal community. The optimum combination of strains was obtained by re-screening with sludge at pH 5.5, and the ability of the constructed community for nitrogen removal was verified by using a reactor to simulate weak acidic wastewater treatment. The results showed that the screened high-efficiency bacterial community P44-P83-A88-P94-A142 achieved 96.97% removal of NH4+-N at 48 h under the condition of initial NH4+-N mass concentration of 200 mg/L and initial pH of 5.5. Within the reactor to simulate the actual wastewater environment, the addition of the bacteria at a weakly acidic pH of 5.5 increased the removal rate of NH4+-N from 44.89% to 75.17% and the effluent pH from 6.9 to 8.3. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of artificially constructed bacterial community in the treatment of weakly acidic wastewater for nitrogen removal.

Combined polyaluminum chloride（PAC）with polyacrylamide（PAM） coagulation was used to treat bio-treated coking wastewater. The influence of the dosage of PAC and PAM on the coagulation treatment effect was investigated through a single factor experiment. Based on the single factor experiment，the response surface coagulation experiment was carried out to construct the mathematical model with the dosage of PAC and PAM as independent variables and the control coefficient of residual turbidity and excess conductance of effluent as response quantity. Moreover， its parameters were optimized by response surface method. The results showed that the optimal dosage of coagulant was 2 546.96 mg/L for PAC and 10.90 mg/L for PAM. Under this condition，the average turbidity residual rate of experimental effluent was 4.24%，the conductivity excess rate was 2.77%，and the dosing control coefficient was 7.01，with a relative error

The effects of different Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5PH stainless steel prepared by in situ alloying additive manufacturing were investigated. The grain refinement and toughness mechanisms were analyzed by optical microscope, electron back scatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope fracture analysis and tensile experiments. The results show that the microstructure of 15-5PH stainless steel changed after in situ alloying with Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which significantly refines the grain size while reducing the texture strength. And the dislocation density is reduced by inhibiting the martensite phase transition. The yield strengths of 15-5PH + 0. 8%Ti-6Al-4V and 15-5PH + 1. 6%Ti-6Al-4V alloy reached 1 069 MPa and 1 021 MPa respectively, which are much higher than those of 15-5 PH stainless steel (680 MPa). Meanwhile, the elongation of the in situ alloying alloys increases significantly. The higher yield strength and elongation are mainly due to grain refinement and the decrease in dislocation density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the effects of thinning years on the water holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer in Chinese fir forest, thus to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the response of water conservation function of Chinese fir forest to thinning. In Jingning County, southwest Zhejiang Province, the Chinese fir forest with thinning for 1 year, 3 years, 8 years and unthinning was selected as the research object, and the litter and soil samples were collected. Then, the moisture content, water holding capacity, soil bulk density, non-capillary porosity of litter were analyzed and measured, and the relevant indexes were calculated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the litter stock on hand of Chinese fir forest among different thinning years (P>0.05). The relationship between litter water holding capacity, water holding rate and water immersion time was in accordance with logarithmic function and power function, respectively. The maximum water holding capacity, maximum retention rate and effective retention rate of litter layer in Chinese fir forest with thinning for 8 years were significantly higher than those in the unthinned forest (P<0.05). The maximum water holding capacity and effective retention rate of litter layer in Chinese fir forest with thinning for 3 years and 8 years were significantly higher than those in unthinned forest (P<0.05). After thinning for 8 years, the soil bulk density of 0-10 cm soil layer in Chinese fir forest was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the non-capillary porosity was significantly increased, and the non-capillary water holding capacity was significantly increased by 22.4% (P<0.05). However, there was no significant effect on the related indicators of soil water storage performance in 10-30 cm soil layer (P>0.05). In conclusion, the water conservation function of litter layer and soil layer in Chinese fir forest was enhanced with the extension of thinning years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the detection efficiency of harmful substances in the textile production process, this paper applies the compression sensing method to the detection process of harmful substances. The observation matrix is used as the sample mixing scheme, and the detection times that are far less than that of the samples to be tested are obtained through the mixed detection. After the mixed detection is completed, the content of harmful substances in the original samples is reconstructed from the mixed detection values according to the corresponding reconstruction algorithm, and then the number and detection rate of unqualified samples are obtained. Finally, the influence of the mixed detection matrices generated by different parameters on the reconstruction effect is explored by simulation experiments, and it is verified by the real detection project of detecting harmful substances bisphenol A, aromatic amines and formaldehyde in fiber textiles. The verification results show that the mixed sample detection scheme based on compression perception proposed in this paper can not only ensure the accuracy of the detection, but also can reduce the detection cost and improve the detection efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to gain insight into the species diversity and functional diversity of forest vegetation in karst hills and their relationships with environmental factors. We analyzed the species diversity and functional diversity of deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest in karst hills of Guilin through community investigation, determination of functional traits and environmental factors. And in combination with statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparisons, and redundancy analysis to investigate the impact mechanisms of environmental factors on the species diversity and functional diversity of different vegetation types. The results were as follows: (1) The Patrick richness index was significantly higher in evergreen broad-leaved forest than that in deciduous broad-leaved forest, and mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest. The Pielou evenness index of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest was the highest, followed by deciduous broad-leaved forest and the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forest. (2) The functional richness index of evergreen broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest; the functional evenness index was the highest in mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest, the second in deciduous broad-leaved forest, and the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forest. (3) Redundancy analysis combined with Monte Carlo random replacement test results indicated that species diversity of deciduous broad-leaved forest was mainly affected by canopy openness and soil water-soluble calcium. Functional diversity was affected by soil water-soluble calcium and rock exposure rate. Rock exposure rate and soil thickness were the main restricting factors that affect species diversity and functional diversity of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest. In addition, species diversity was significantly affected by soil available nitrogen. The influencing factors of species diversity and functional diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest were consistent, and they were all significantly affected by rock exposure rate, soil water content and soil thickness. The results of this study reveal the effects of species diversity and functional diversity of different forest vegetations on non-biological environmental changes, expand the understanding of species diversity and functional diversity of karst hills, and provide further reference for biodiversity protection of karst hills.

In the real world, many problems have the need to conduct relevant operations at a specific time. Timed-release encryption (TRE) is a cryptographic primitive in which the sender specifies the decryption time of the receiver, which can meet the above requirement. To address the problem that the current TRE schemes based on the periodic broadcast time trapdoor of the non-interactive time server cannot meet the user's arbitrary specified decryption time, and the interactive time server mode meets the arbitrary decryption time but cannot guarantee the user's identity privacy, a TRE scheme using onion routing network was proposed. In the scheme, when the decryption time approaches, the time trapdoor request was taken as the innermost onion, and the layer by layer encrypted onion was constructed and transmitted to the time server. The time server generates the corresponding time trapdoor and returns it to the receiver according to the original route, so that the user can hide the identity information when making a trapdoor query at any time. Meanwhile, for the node failure problem in the process of onion routing delivery, a method for constructing each layer of onion based on broadcast encryption was proposed, so that each layer of onion node can decrypt that layer of onion. The scheme achieves the trapdoor of successfully querying arbitrary time to the time server while ensuring the anonymity of user's identity. Security analysis showed that the scheme is secure and robust against possible single-point speculation, monitoring attacks, replay attacks, and collusion attacks. Efficiency analysis showed that compared with the pairing-based onion routing scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the time consumption of solving the node failure problem by about 59%, thus realizing efficient anonymous query. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the correlation between salivary microbiome and host blood lipid levels. Methods. Samples of saliva from 114 volunteers aged 45-60 years were collected to extract total DNA, and then 16S rDNA V3-V4 region was amplified with polymerase chain reaction. After the amplified products were sequenced via Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform,the obtained sequences were subjected to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) clustering and species annotation.The Spearman correlation analysis was also carried out to find the correlations between the top 50 abundant genera in the salivary microbiome and host blood lipid levels, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results. The saliva samples of 114 volunteers were sequenced with an average sequence number of 41 084± 740, and the number of OTUs obtained by clustering was 1 153, annotated to 23 phyla, 43 classes, 89 orders, 147 families and 317 genera. Species clustering heat map of 114 samples suggested that salivary microbiome has similar abundance patterns of species composition in the population.Spearman correlation analysis showed that among triacylglycerol (TAG) the top 50 abundant genera in the salivary microbiome, Neisseria spp. were negatively correlated with the host serum total cholesterol (TCH), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-Ch); Gemella spp. are positively correlated with Host serum TCH and LDL-Ch; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol presents negative correlation with Comamonas spp., Filifactor spp. and Parvimonas spp. Conclusions. The composition structure of salivary microbiota in the population is quite stable and is related to the levels of host blood lipids. It is promising to further explore salivary microbiota as early warning indicators of individual lipid metabolism abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of solar street lamp system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was applied to its controller. After the analysis of MPPT principle, specific methods to implement MPPT and drive Buck circuit were proposed. Also, by using AVR Studio program and Multisim and Proteus as the platform, a control system based on ATmega16 was finally built. On the basis of a simulation test that was passed, the experiment was conducted. The results show that the duty cycle of PWM waves is in accordance with the empirical value, which indicates that the solar panel charges the storage battery with maximum power, and the controller charges and discharges the battery in a scientific way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it is a Chinese poetic tradition that poetry is an expression of thought and feeling, the ancient Chinese poems usually do not use the first person pronouns to express one's thought and feeling. Comparing the original poem 'Returning to Live in the Country' with its English and French translations in four aspects, i.e. 'looking into oneself with a subjective vista', 'looking into objects with a non-subjective vista', 'no differentiating narrator from other joiners', and 'narrator's thinking caused by a feeling of objects', we have found that there are obvious differences in discourse method between ancient Chinese poems and their English and French translations. The original poem does not have a poetic discourse with the first person subject, while their English and French translations frequently use it instead, which violates the original intention of the poem. But comparatively speaking, the translator of the French version seems to be aware of the problem, who, as a Chinese scholar, tries to avoid the first person in the lines where the English one uses the first person expressions. The different uses in the poetic discourses with or without 'I' may he taken as methods of creating vista difference between Chinese and western poems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of valve setting's pretension force on the pressure difference caused by deflected disc at the valve opening point is studied in this paper. Taking piston valve setting for instance, based on finite element simulation and theoretical calculation, the mathematical relationship between pretension force and the pressure difference caused by deflected disc at the valve-opening point is found. Based on the mathematical model, the influence of piston valve body's elastic modulus and deflected disc's elastic modulus are analyzed. Finally the paper shows that the smaller the elastic modulus of piston valve body, the greater influence the pretension force has on the pressure difference, and the influence of the change of the elastic modulus of deflected disc on pretension force's function is very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of Zhu Ziqing's poetics are of penetration and transcendence. His scholarship and cultivation in various fields make a good combination of his poesy creation, poesy elucidation and poesy theory, as well as a good combination of classical school and modernist school. In historical changes, Zhu Ziqing's poetics show the similarity and differences between ancient poesy and modern poesy. He accepts humanitarianism and Darwin's evolutionism, and he pays great attention to cultural enlightenment. By a long period of time research, his poetics conception transfers from 'for life' to 'for people', which makes the transcendence of poetics conception come true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal logic of actions is a logic which combines the temporal logic and the logic of actions, describing and validating the concurrent systems with this logic. TLA can express the system and the corresponding properties by adding actions and behaviors, it's harder to understanding the complexity systems' specification with the TLA formula. As same as the state transition graph, predicate behavior graph will be used to describe the concurrent systems. First, this paper introduced the grammar and semantics of temporal logic of actions and how to description the specification of concurrent systems with predicate behavior graphs, then proven the correctness of this describing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of adolescent screen time and Internet addiction on social anxiety, and to provide scientific guidance for improving the current situation of adolescent social anxiety.Methods Data for this study were derived from cross-sectional data from an ongoing adolescent development cohort, the Social Anxiety Scale revised by Scheier and Carver, the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire and self-designed questionnaire were used to investigate adolescents in a district of Chongqing, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors affecting adolescent's social anxiety.Results A total of 719 adolescents were included, of whom 334 (46.5%) were boys and 385 (53.5%) were girls. The mean score of social anxiety of the respondents was 7.96±4.28, 32.0% of the adolescents had an average daily screen time >2h, and 2.5% of the adolescents were detected as Internet addiction. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in adolescents' social anxiety scores among different genders, school stages, average daily screen time, and Internet addiction (P2 hours [β=0.829, 95%CI (0.133, 1.525), P=0.020] is a risk factor for social anxiety in adolescents. In addition, the risk of social anxiety in girls [β=0.854, 95%CI (0.226, 1.482), P=0.008] was significantly higher than that in boys.Conclusion In order to reduce the risk of social anxiety among adolescents, effective measures should be taken to reduce their average daily screen time, and more attention should be paid to teenage girls' social anxiety.

Objective: This research aimed to understand the effects of different levels of NaCl added in soymilk on textural characteristics of resulted white dried beancurds. Methods: The textural characteristics and protein-gel network structures of dried beancurds produced from soymilk added with different levels of NaCl （0~1%） were fully evaluated through texture profile analysis, creep test, scanning electron microscopy and others. Results: The addition of NaCl in soymilk led to a significant increase （P＜0.05） of water held in the protein-gel network of dried beancurds as well as a less compact protein-network structure and overall weaker protein-gel. In addition, the levels of NaCl added in soymilk were highly correlated （r was 0.967~0.982） with the yield and water content of the resulted white dried beancurds, but negatively correlated （r was -0.901~-0.994） with water holding capacity, gel strength, cohesiveness, elastic modulus and other textural properties of dried beancurds. Conclusion: The soymilk added with 0.50%~0.75% of NaCl resulted in dried beancurds with required salty taste and acceptable textural characteristics.

The non-uniform stiffness distribution of irregular large thin-walled structures leads to warping deformation in the process of machining and assembly. The structure modeling and accurate calculation of the large deformation is the key to predict and control the deviation. A novel irregular higher-order composite shell element based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) was proposed to accurately calculate the deformation of irregular large thin-walled structures with higher-order slope coordinates and improved shape function, considering the continuity of elements at the contact interface. A discrete method of irregular large thin-walled structures was proposed to solve the problem of node connection and deformation coupling between elements with different thicknesses, and to describe the large deformation of irregular large thin-walled structures effectively by using the combination of irregular higher-order elements and composite elements. An assembly deformation calculation model of irregular large thin-walled structures was proposed based on continuum mechanics. The influence of the thickened area on assembly deviation and stiffness of scalloped segment structures of heavy rocket tank bottom was studied with the new elements and calculation model, so as to provide guidance for structure design.

Industrialization has led to significant increases in the types and quantities of pollutants, with environmental pollutants widely present in various media, including the air, food, and everyday items. These pollutants can enter the human body via multiple pathways, including ingestion through food and absorption through the skin; this intrusion can disrupt the production, release, and circulation of hormones in the body, resulting in a range of illnesses that affect the reproductive, endocrine, and nervous systems. Consequently, these pollutants pose substantial risks to human health. In particular, fetuses are highly sensitive to environmental pollutants during critical stages of development, and exposure during periods of growth and development can result in more-obvious and severe health hazards that can lead to preterm birth, low birth weight, and fetal malformations. The placenta acts as a barrier between the mother and fetus, and selectively filters certain pollutants. While some pollutants remain in the maternal bloodstream, others cross the placental barrier into the fetal umbilical blood through passive diffusion, placental transport proteins, or endocytosis. The transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) is the ratio of the level of the pollutant in the umbilical blood to that in the maternal blood, and is a valuable metric for evaluating the ability of a pollutant to breach the placental barrier. A higher TTE implies that a larger proportion of pollutants are transferred from the mother to the fetus, thereby amplifying the potential risks to the fetus. Mass spectrometry-based detection methods are extensively used in the chemical and environmental sciences because they are exceptionally sensitive and highly resolving. This analytical technique involves ionizing compounds within a sample and identifying them based on their distinct mass-to-charge ratios; it enables both qualitative and quantitative analyses of various environmental pollutants. Current methodologies for examining the TTE of a pollutant include in-vitro experiments, animal studies, epidemiologic studies, and model calculation; these approaches help to evaluate the transfer of pollutants from mother to fetus via the placenta. Analyzing the TTEs of different chemicals enables high-risk pollutants to be identified and provides an understanding of their abilities to cross the placenta. Research on the transplacental transfer of environmental pollutants has focused mainly on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), with relatively few studies on the TTEs of other pollutants reported. Pollutant transfer through the placenta is a complex process that is influenced by factors that include the physical and chemical properties of the pollutant (e.g., molecular mass, solubility, and lipophilicity), maternal factors (e.g., maternal health and lifestyle, maternal genetics, environmental conditions, and socioeconomic status), and placental characteristics (e.g., placental maturity, placental blood flow, transport proteins, and metabolic enzymes). This review summarizes recent advances in research on the TTEs of environmental pollutants, focusing on analytical methods, the TTEs of PFASs, PBDEs, PCBs, and OCPs, and the pivotal factors that influence TTEs. Studying the TTEs of pollutants enables their characteristics to be elucidated, thereby providing support data for research on the exposure, transfer, and accumulation of pollutants in the human body, as well as a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanism of transplacental transfer of environmental pollutants. This research is expected to play a vital role in assessing the impact of environmental pollutants on the health of pregnant women and their fetuses.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 193 Chinese patients with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)., Methods: By using keywords "McCune-Albright syndrome", "Albright syndrome", or " fibrous dysplasia " as the search terms, 193 cases of MAS reported in China from January 1990 to November 2022 from the Wanfang data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, and Embase databases were obtained, and their clinical data was retrospectively analyzed. Intergroup comparisons were carried out by using t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and X 2 test., Results: The 193 MAS patients had included 42 males and 151 females, with the median first-visit age of females being younger than males. The typical triad group had accounted for 46.1% of patients, and the middle first-visit and diagnosis age was younger than the atypical group. The primary reason for first-visit in males of MAS was fibrous dysplasia (FD), whilst that in females of MAS was peripheral precocious puberty (PPP). FD has occurred in 84.5% of the patients, with an average age of onset age being 6.1 years old, and 90% was ≤ 16 years of age. Endocrine hyperfunction was found in 79.3% of the patients, with a higher proportion in females compared with males (P < 0.05). Pituitary involvement was seen in 21.8% of the patients, and the incidence of craniofacial FD and cranial nerve compression was significantly higher in those with elevated growth hormone (GH) than without (P < 0.05). Café-au-Lait Spots were noted in 86.5% of the patients, and 28.3% (28/99) had located on the different side of FD., Conclusion: Most MAS patients had atypical manifestations and multi-systemic involvement. It is more common and occurs earlier in females. The most common reasons for initial diagnosis in male and female patients were FD and PPP, respectively. Patients with elevated GH should be examined for cranial nerve compression.

Pharmaceutically active compounds(PhACs) have become a class of new pollutants in the environment after extensive production and use of PhACs in China. To investigate the pollution characteristics of PhACs in Guangdong Province, raw sewage was collected from 186 sewage treatment plants in 21 cities, including 178 townships and administrative districts in Guangdong Province. The pollution levels of ten typical PhACs in influent water of sewage treatment plants were analyzed using automatic solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The spatial distribution characteristics of PhACs in Guangdong Province were fully revealed, and the potential ecological risks of PhACs were evaluated. The results showed that PhACs were detected in all wastewater plants, and the mass concentration of PhACs ranged from 21.00 to 9558.25 ng·L -1 . Metoprolo, acetaminophen, bezafibrate, and caffeine were the main pollutants. In terms of spatial distribution, the average mass concentration of ΣPhACs in various regions of Guangdong Province was in the following order:Pearl River Delta>North Guangdong>East Guangdong≈West Guangdong. When the mass concentration of ΣPhACs was over 2500 ng·L -1 in the influent water of sewage treatment plants, the concentration of PhACs in effluent was estimated according to the sewage disposal technology. The ecological risk of PhACs was carried out based on the effluent. The results revealed that the ecological risk of PhACs was low in Guangdong Province, and the risk of bezafibrate was moderate in the cities of Shaoguan, Jiangmen, and Shenzhen. The highest ecological risk of ΣPhACs was located in Shaoguan.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of bleaching combined with Er:YAG laser or Nd:YAG laser on bond strength and microleakage of resin fillings on enamel surface., Methods: Sixty-four pieces of enamel specimens prepared from isolated teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=16): control group, simple bleaching group, bleaching combined with Er: YAG laser group and bleaching combined with Nd:YAG laser group. Then the shear bond strength and the depth of microleakage were tested, and the fracture mode of the specimen was observed under microscope. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: After bleaching simply, the bond strength of the restoration was significantly decreased, and the marginal microleakage was significantly increased(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in shear bond strength and microleakage depth between the group bleaching combined with Er: YAG laser and control group(P＞0.05). The shear bond strength after bleaching combined with Nd:YAG laser was significantly reduced (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the depth of microleakage compared with unbleached microleakage(P＞0.05). Bonding interface fracture was the main fracture mode for all groups., Conclusions: Compared to traditional bleaching, bleaching combined with laser has certain clinical advantages due to its less influence on bond strength and microleakage of resin fillings.

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between microbiome of supragingival plaque and host blood lipid levels., Methods: Samples of supragingival plaques from 68 volunteers aged 45-60 years were collected. The total DNA was extracted, and 16S rDNA V3-V4 regions were amplified via PCR. The amplified products were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq PE300. After that, OTU clustering and species annotation were carried out. Then, the correlation of annotated species (genus level) and host blood lipid level were calculated with Spearman correlation analysis. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: The average number of sequences obtained from the supragingival plaque samples was 41 929, and the number of OTUs obtained by clustering was 1 037. A total of 25 phyla, 45 classes, 92 orders, 155 families and 330 genera were annotated. Species heat maps showed a high degree of consistency in the species composition abundance of 68 samples. Spearman correlation analysis showed that among the supragingival microorganisms, Alloprevotella spp., Dialister spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. and Prevotella 7 spp., were negatively correlated with the host serum total cholesterol/low density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Neisseria spp. was positively correlated with host serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but negatively correlated with Prevotella 2 spp.., Conclusions: The compositional structure of the supragingival microbiome is relatively stable and has a correlation with the host blood lipid levels. Profiles of supragingival microbiome can be promising biomarkers of the lipid metabolism of the host.

Recent studies have shown that tumor microenvironment plays an important regulatory role in the growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Metabolic reprogramming represents a series of adaptive metabolic alterations that liver cancer cells undertake when they are under metabolic stress caused by glucose deficiency and hypoxia microenvironment, and lipid reprogramming is an important part of it. Previous studies have revealed a variety of lipid types with altered metabolic patterns in liver cancer cells, and have, to a certain extent, investigated the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of these lipid metabolic reprogramming processes. However, there are still many lipid metabolic reprogramming processes that have not received thorough investigation, and little is known about their roles and mechanisms in the pathogenesis and development of liver cancer. In addition, how to accomplish the goal of treating liver cancer by targeting key regulatory factors in lipid metabolic reprogramming still remains a major challenge in translational medical research. This paper introduced the sources of lipids and the main functions and driving factors of lipid metabolic reprogramming in liver cancer cells, attempting to provide a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver cancer through regulating or restricting lipid metabolic reprogramming., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Stress response is an adaptive process of the organism to confront environmental perturbation. Moderate stress response induces the organism to establish effective adaptive strategies for survival, while excessive stress response results in stress injury, which is a major cause of a variety of physical or psychological diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a typical stress-related disease, with numerous evidence indicating that the development and progression of diabetes mellitus are closely related to stress response, such as metabolic stress, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the detailed mechanisms of stress response mediated regulation of diabetes mellitus and how to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus via modification of stress response remain to be further investigated. Here, we will introduce the definition and regulatory mechanisms of stress response, as well as discuss the biological functions and mechanisms of various stress responses during the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. This review highlights recent advances of stress medicine associated with diabetes mellitus, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Future studies should focus on elucidating the clinical application potential of the key factors of stress response that mediate the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, as well as boosting the related translational medicine studies., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Cultivated ginseng in the farmland would become the mainly planting mode of Panax ginseng. However,there are relatively few cultivation ginseng varieties for farmland in China. Correlative analysis of qualitity and agronomic traits of P. ginseng cultivation in the farmland could provide a reference for the selection of excellent germplasm and new variety breeding of P. ginseng. In this study,the main index of saponin and agronomic traits of 4-6 years&apos; samples were analyzed by UPLC and measured. The results show that there was significant difference in agronomic indexes of Damaya. The coefficient of variation of the root length( CV = 41. 97%) and fresh weight( CV = 31. 81%) were maximum,and the coefficient of variation of the stems thickness( 16. 72%) and root thickness were minimum. There was a significant correlation between yield and root thickness( P&lt;0. 05). There was significant difference in drug yield of different harvest years( P&lt;0. 05),and the yield of 6-years was 31. 52%-39. 69% higher than 4-years. However,there wasn&apos;t significant difference in total ginsenosides between 4 and 6 years old P. ginseng,but there was significant difference in ginseng Rg2,Rc and Rb2( P&lt;0. 05),and the ginsenoside contents of different harvesting years were accorded with the criterion standards of 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There was no significant correlation between the saponin and the agronomic trait,while there was positive correlation with root thickness( P &lt; 0. 05). Therefore,the stem diameter was positive correlation with yield of P. ginseng. Selection of the stem thickness of seedlings is beneficial to the increase of the yield and breeding of P. ginseng.

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare pediatric disease with major manifestations of olfactory dysfunction and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Five children (4 boys and 1 girl) with KS reported in this article were aged between 6 months and 19 years at the time when they attended the hospital. All the children had the clinical manifestation of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; in addition, three children had olfactory dysfunction (two were found to have olfactory bulb dysplasia on magnetic resonance imaging), one had cleft lip and palate, and one had micropenis and cryptorchidism with right renal agenesis during infancy. All the five children had normal karyotype and their parents had normal clinical phenotypes. The uncle of one child had underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics and olfactory disorder since childhood. High-throughput sequencing found two known heterozygous missense mutations in the FGFR1 gene, i.e., c.1097C>T(p.P366L) and c.809G>C(p.G270A), in two children. One child had a novel frameshift mutation, c.1877&#95;1887/p.S627Tfs*6, in the KAL1 gene; this deletion mutation caused a frameshift in base sequence and produced truncated proteins, which led to a significant change in protein structure, and thus it was highly pathogenic. It is concluded that KS has great clinical and genetic heterogeneity and can be accompanied by incomplete dominant inheritance and that gene detection helps with the diagnosis of this disease.

Objective: To report on two cases affected with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX)., Methods: Two unrelated Chinese infants affected with IPEX were investigated. Case 1 was a 4-month-old boy with neonatal diabetes and severe enteropathy. Case 2 was a 6-day newborn boy with neonatal diabetes and ketoacidosis. DNA samples of the two infants and their parents were sequenced for FOXP3 gene mutations. Suspected mutations were verified among 100 unrelated healthy controls. The function of mutations was predicted with bioinformatics software., Results: Both infants had onset of the disease during neonatal period, and manifested insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, persistent diarrhea, eczema and malnutrition. In case 1, a novel splice site mutation was identified in intron 9 (c.967+3A>T) of the FOXP3 gene, for which his mother was a carrier. For case 2, a missense mutation (c.1150G>A) was detected in exon 11 of the FOXP3 gene, for which his mother was also a carrier. The IVS9 c.967+3A mutation was not detected among the 100 healthy controls. As predicted with Human Splicing Finder software, the c.967+3A>T mutation may influence the splicing of mRNA and affect the function of protein., Conclusion: Both cases had typical clinical manifestation of the IPEX syndrome, among whom a novel splice site mutation (IVS9 c.967+3A>T) and a missense mutation (c.1150G>A) of the FOXP3 gene were identified. The clinical manifestation of the IPEX syndrome may be variable and the mortality is high. FOXP3 gene sequencing is recommended when insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is diagnosed during the neonatal period.

The hyporheic zone is a place where river water and groundwater mutually exchange and mix. It plays an important role in protecting the ecology and water quality of river water and groundwater. In order to study the geochemical characteristics of lateral hyporheic zone in river and ground water, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity were measured automatically at the hyporheic zone of Maanxi in Chongqing. The concentrations of ions in water and elements in sediment within the hyporheic zone were also analyzed. The results showed that the hydrochemical species of lateral hyporheic zone in Maanxi was HCO 3 -Ca·Mg. Affected by the infiltration of river water, the coefficient variations of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity in the hyporheic zone were lower than those observed in the river under the buffer action. Along with the farther distance from the riverbank, an anoxia redox environment was formed in the hyporheic zone due to a physical, chemical and biological interactions. An acid and alkali environment was also formed with a decreasing pH trend near the riverbank and hyporheic zone. Under its influence, concentrations of K + , NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - and SO 4 2- decreased. Mn, electrical conductivity, and the concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ and Sr 2+ firstly increased and then decreased, while the concentrations of Fe, Al 3+ were elevated. Affected by the long-time interaction of river water and groundwater, the elementary concentrations in the sediment were relatively high at the place of about 30 cm away from the riverbank. This consequently formed a hydrogeochemical gradient in the hyporheic zone. The boundary of the hyporheic zone was inferred at 30 to 50 cm away from the riverbank, whereas the boundary of shallow hyporheic zone was located at 10 cm away from the riverbank. In the process of river water recharging groudnwater, hyporheic zone of river and groundwater played an important role in the purification of water quality.

The moisture content of forest surface soil is an important parameter in forest ecosystems. It is practically significant for forest ecosystem related research to use microwave remote sensing technology for rapid and accurate estimation of the moisture content of forest surface soil. With the aid of TDR-300 soil moisture content measuring instrument, the moisture contents of forest surface soils of 120 sample plots at Tahe Forestry Bureau of Daxing'anling region in Heilongjiang Province were measured. Taking the moisture content of forest surface soil as the dependent variable and the polarization decomposition parameters of C band Quad-pol SAR data as independent variables, two types of quantitative estimation models (multilinear regression model and BP-neural network model) for predicting moisture content of forest surface soils were developed. The spatial distribution of moisture content of forest surface soil on the regional scale was then derived with model inversion. Results showed that the model precision was 86.0% and 89.4% with RMSE of 3.0% and 2.7% for the multilinear regression model and the BP-neural network model, respectively. It indicated that the BP-neural network model had a better performance than the multilinear regression model in quantitative estimation of the moisture content of forest surface soil. The spatial distribution of forest surface soil moisture content in the study area was then obtained by using the BP neural network model simulation with the Quad-pol SAR data.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Beyond cold-light tooth bleaching on the formation of main cariogenic bacteria biofilm on enamel surfaces., Methods: Twenty enamel discs with the size of 4 mm×4 mm×1 mm in size, were made. The enamel discs were divided into 4 groups randomly: cold-light bleaching group, bleaching gel group, cold-light group and control group. Five discs were in each group. Cold-light bleaching group was whitened 3 times with bleaching gel and cold-light, and 12 min per session. Bleaching gel was smeared on the surface of enamel in bleaching gel group for 3 times and 12 min per session. Enamel discs of cold-light group were treated with cold-light for 12 min and 3 sessions. Control group was treated without any processing. The 4 groups were incubated in mixed bacteria liquid, including Streptococcus mutans(SM), Actinomyces viscosus (Av) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), within the artificial oral cavity model. After 36 h, the samples were observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). The data was analyzed with SAS8.2 software package., Results: The biofilms in 3 experimental groups were sparser than the control group under CLSM, and the thickness significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among 3 experimental groups (P>0.05).Compared with the control group, the percentage of vital bacteria in biofilm of the experimental groups decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.001)., Conclusions: Cold-light tooth bleaching can inhibit the formation of mixed bacteria biofilm, damage the structure of biofilm and reduce the number of vital bacteria. Supported by Research Fund of Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2013-06).

A new method for path transverse wind velocity survey was introduced by analyzing time lagged covariance function of different separation sub-apertures of Hartmann wavefront sensor. A theoretical formula was logically deduced for the light propagation path transverse wind velocity profile. According to the difference of path weighting function for different sub apertures spacing, how to select reasonable path weighting functions was analyzed. Using a Hartmann wavefront sensor, the experiment for measuring path transverse velocity profile along 1 000 m horizontal propagating path was carried out for the first time to our knowledge. The experiment results were as follows. Path transverse averaged velocity from sensor had a good consistency with transverse velocity from the wind anemometer sited near the path receiving end. As the path was divided into two sections, the path transverse velocity of the first section had also a good consistency with that of the second one. Because of different specific underlaying surface of light path, the former was greater than the later over all experiment period. The averaged values were 1.273 and 0.952 m x s(-1) respectively. The path transverse velocity of second section and path transverse averaged velocity had the same trend of decrease and increase with time. The correlation coefficients reached 0.86.

The present work is to investigate the chemical constitutions of Hyptis rhomboidea and their antifungal activities. The compounds were isolated by Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-Gel CHP-20, RP-18, PTLC and silica column chromatographic methods and subjected to evaluate some monomers antifungal activity of eight kinds of plant pathogenic bacteria. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ethyl caffeate (1), ursolic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), vanillactic acid (4), methyl rosmarinate (5), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), ilexgenin A (8), beta-amyrin (9), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astrgalin, 10) and cholest-5-ene-3beta, 4beta-diol (11). Compound 1 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with the MIC 16.2 mg x L(-1), and compound 5 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on S. minor and Exserohilum turcicum with MIC 16.2, 8.1 mg x L(-1), respectively. All compounds were isolated from the H. rhomboidea for the first time, and compounds 1 and 5 showed antifungal activity.

Objective: To study chemical constituents contained in Aeschynanthus moningeriae., Method: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by column chromatographic methods such as Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-Gel CHP-20, RP18 and normal phase silica gel. Their structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical property and spectral techniques (1H, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, HR-MS)., Result: Twelve compounds were separated and identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-8-C-beta-D-glucosyl-chromone (1), 5-hydroxyl-7,4'-dimethoxyl-flavone (2), 2,3,19, 24-tetrahydroxy-urs12-en-28-oic acid (3), 2,3,19, 24-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid ester-28-O-beta-D-gucoside (4), 5-hydroxyl-6,4'-dimethoxyl-7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-flavone (5), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-C-beta-D-glucosyl-flavonol (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-C-beta-D-glucosyl-flavonones (7), 5,7, 3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-C-beta-D-glucosyl-dihydroflavonol (8), daucosterol (9), stigmasterol (10), beta-sitosterol (11), and 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-stigmasterol (12)., Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound, while other compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.

By establishing the ICP-MS determining method, we determined the contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Cd and Pb in the three kinds of Zhejiang specific medicinal materials before and after processing them. The recovery ratio with standard addition of the method is between 95.2% and 106.3, and the relative standard deviation between 0.69% and 2.34%. The results of the experiment show that the contents of useful metals Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn are fairly high both before and after processing, while the contents of harmful heavy metals Cd, Cr, Pb and As are all lower than the limited quantity in the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. After processing, there seems to be some content changes in the trace elements and heavy metals. Different content changes depend on different processing methods. After processing, except the notable decrease in Pb, the contents of Cu, As and Cd are almost constant, while the contents of other elements are nearly all increased. The result seems to be related with the methods of processing. This experimental result provides us with new scientific foundation for the further research on the relationship between different processing methods and different efficacy of the three specific Zhejiang medicinal materials.

A method of microwave digestion technique was proposed to determine the content of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Al, Se and As in Lophatherum gracile brongn of different habitat by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The RSD of the method was between 1.23% and 3.32%, and the recovery rates obtained by standard addition method were between 95.8% and 104.20%. The results of the study indicate that the proposed method has the advantages of simplicity, speediness and sensitivity. It is suitable for the determination of the contents of metal elements in Lophatherum gracile brongn. The experimental results also indicated that different areas' Lophantherum gracile brongn had different trace elements content. The content of trace elements K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn beneficial to the human body was rich. The content of the heavy metal trace element Pb in Lophantherum gracile brongn of Hunan province was slightly high. The content of the heavy metal trace element Cu in Lophantherum gracile brongn of Guangdong province and Anhui province is also slightly higher. Beside, the contents of harmful trace heavy metal elements Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and As in Lophatherum gracile brongn of different habitat are all lower than the limits of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Green Trade Standard for Importing and Exporting Medicinal Plant and Preparation and National Food Sanitation Standard. These determination results provided the scientific data for further discussing the relationship between the content of trace elements in Lophantherum gracile brongn and the medicine efficacy.

Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile oils in Medinilla arboricala., Methods: The chemical constituents was extracted from Medinilla arboricola by SPME. The components of chemical constituents of volatile oil separated and identified by GC-MS. The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization., Results: 60 kinds of components were separated and identified, accounting about 100% of the total chemical constituents., Conclusion: The main chemical constituents of Medinilla arboricola are D-Limonene (9.47%), [3R-(3à, 3aá,7á, 8aà]-octahydro-3,8, 8-trimethyl-6-methylene-1H-3a, 7-Metha noazulene (9.10%),3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4a, 8a-dimethyl-1 H-Naphthalen-2-one (6.15%), 1,4-Methano-1H-indene, octahydro-4-methyl-8-methylene-7-(1-methylethyl)-,[ 1S-(1à,3aá,4à,7à,7aá)] (5.58%), 1H-3a,7-Methanoazulene,2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-[3R, (3à,3aá,7à,8aà)] (5.30%), 1H-3a,7-Methanoazulene,octahydro-3,8,8-trimethyl-6-methylene-[3R-(3à, 3aá,7á,8à)] (5.33%), Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1-methylene-4-hexenyl)-,(S)-(5.19%), Acetone (5.08%) etc.

Objective: To develop a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of orientin, isorientin, vitexin and isovitexin in Lophatherum gracile from different habitat and harvesting time., Method: The HPLC method was applied and the chromatographic column was a Waters XBridge C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05% acetic acid (35:65). The flow rate was 1.0 mL min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 340 nm. The column temperature was set at 25 degrees C., Result: Four components were isolated well, the linear relationships were excellent. The mean recoveries and RSD values of orientin, isorientin, vitexin and isovitexin were 103.2%, 2.1%; 101.6%, 2.7%; 98.4%, 2.3%; 99.2%, 1.8%, respectively., Conclusion: The HPLC method is simple, sensitive and reliable, and can be used for the quality control of the medicinal material.

Objective: To compare the different extraction methods of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai., Methods: To compare the yield of extraction and determination content of extraction by 6 kinds of different extraction methods as cold-soaked extraction, percolation extraction, reflux extraction, continuous reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction and microwave extraction, and the content of furmaric acid was determinated as index., Results: The yields of extraction and contents of availability component were very different through 6 kinds of different extraction methods. Among them, the yields of reflux extraction and continuous reflux extraction were higher, the contents of availability components of ultrasonic extraction and microwave extraction were higher., Conclusion: Microwave extraction method is better than other methods. It is fast economical, solvent and energy, and also has higher yield of availability component.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents and the antibacterial activity from n-butanol extract of Sarcandra glabra., Method: The compounds were isolated by Diaion HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, MCI CHP-20 and silica gel column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis. The antibacterial effect of the compounds were measured against Staphylococcus aureus by filterpaper slice method, finally the antibacterial ring in each group was recorded after 24 hours., Result: Seven constituents were isolated and elucidated as 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosylflavanone (1), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (2), fraxidin (3), isofraxidin (4), isofraxidin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol (6), pinostrobin (7). Diameters (in mm) of antibacterial ring in the compounds 2, 5, 6 were orderly recorded as follows: 14.67 +/- 0.08, 11.14 +/- 1.06, 8.26 +/- 1.26 and the compound 4 is not effective., Conclusion: Compounds 1-3 and 5 were isolated from S. glabra for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of inhibition of stress (lytic cocktail) on lung injury in severe burn rats at early stage., Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness burn were randomly divided into A group (n = 36, fluid resuscitation with administration of lytic cocktail), B group (n = 36, fluid resuscitation only). Lung function was evaluated by partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood and histopathologic changes on 3, 5, 7, 10 post burn day (PBD). The levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in lung tissue were measured at the same time points., Results: The PaO2 level in A group on 3 PBD (12.58 +/- 0.41 kPa) was significantly higher than that in B group (8.86 +/- 0.23 kPa, P < 0.01). Compared with those in B group, the levels of MDA and MPO were significantly decreased in A group at each time point (P < 0.05 or 0.01), the levels of TNF-alpha on 3, 5, 7 PBD (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and IFN-gamma on 5, 7, 14 PBD (P < 0.01) were also decreased in A group. Swollen lung mesenchyme was alleviated, infiltration of inflammatory cell was lessened in A group., Conclusion: Lytic cocktail combined with immediate fluid resuscitation can inhibit stess response, downregulate the expression of inflammatory factor, ameliorate lung function in severe burn rat at early stage.

The genetic diversity of 279 indivdiuals from 10 populations in Shandong Province was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. As a result, 116 bands were amplified by 10 informative and reliable primers, of which 101 were polymorphic loci. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed: PPL = 87.07, He = 0.2697, H0 = 0.3999 (at the species level); PPL = 64.58, He = 0.2004, H0 = 0.3010 (at the population level). A higher level of genetic differentiation was detected among populations with Nei's G(ST) analysis and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA; G(ST) = 0.2414, F(ST) = 0.2224). Habitat fragmentation and gene flow may result in genetic differentiation. UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the four populations from Linshu, Junan, Tancheng and Feixian grouped together, whereas Laiyang populations clustered in an isolated clade. The results showed that a mixed mating system was possibly the main factor influencing the genetic structure of this species. These results, combined with other information about Castanea mollissima, may provide a valuable basis for proposing conservation strategies.

Aim: To study chemical constituents of Mimosa pudica of Hainan province., Methods: The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with macroporous adsorption resin Diaion HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, MCI Gel CHP-20, RP-18 and normal phase silica gel. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data., Results: Four compounds were isolated and identified as: 7, 8, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyl-6-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (I); 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyl-8-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (II); 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyl-6-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (III); catcher (IV)., Conclusion: Compound I is a new compound and componuds II - IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the influence of inhibition of stress on the survival rate, organ dysfunction and (Th)1/Th2 cytokine profiles of the rats with invasive infection in the wound at early postburn stage., Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats inflicted with 30% TBSA full thickness burn were randomly divided into A (n = 36, with immediate resuscitation), B (n = 36, with immediate resuscitation and lytic cocktail administration). After subeschar injection of 0.1 ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(8) CFU/ml) on 3rd postburn day, the subeschar bacterial quantitative analysis, the survival rate at 96 hours after bacteria injection, the parameters of organ dysfunction and the mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were determined by corresponding methods., Results: The quantity of subeschar bacteria was larger than 1 x 10(5)/gram in both groups. The survival rate in B group (66.7 +/- 2.6)% was obviously higher than that in A group (33.3 +/- 1.7)%, (P < 0.01). Inflammatory infiltration and pathological changes in the internal organs in B group were alleviated obviously compared with A group. The expression of IL-2 mRNA in B group was significantly lower than that in A group before bacterial inoculation, but increased at 48 and 96 hours after bacterial inoculation, while it was lowered in A group at the same time points (P < 0.05). The expression of IFN-gamma mRNA in A group was significantly lower than that in B group (P < 0.01), while that of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in A group was evidently higher than that in B group (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01)., Conclusion: Inhibition of the stress response during early postburn stage could be beneficial to the prevention of the bacterial invasion due to the changes in Th1/Th2 ratio.