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Objective This study aims to sort out the rare disease drugs in the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases, to provide reference for the management of rare disease drug treatment. Methods Up to December 31, 2023, based on the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases, we sorted out the drugs approved in China with the drug label, or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of the above diseases, and developed the second batch of rare disease drug catalog in China. The accessibility, localization and coverage of the national medical insurance were also analyzed. Results From the point of view of diseases, a total of 37 diseases in the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases have drug indications approved in China, and 10 diseases have drugs listed by the U.S. FDA/EMA and approved in China, but for off-label use. From the point of view of drugs, there are 55 drug indications approved for the treatment of the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases, and 22 drugs listed in the U.S. FDA/EMA and approved in the China, but for off-label use. Among the above-mentioned drugs with domestic approved rare disease indications or approved numbers, 39 drugs have at least one domestic approval number for a dosage form, covering 30 rare diseases; 37 drugs used for at least one rare disease are included in the national medical insurance catalog and are covered by reimbursement, covering 29 rare diseases. Conclusions The list of rare disease drugs in the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases was established. The number of rare disease drugs and covered diseases approved by China and the U.S. FDA/EMA has increased, and the number of rare disease drugs and covered diseases that are localized and included in the medical insurance catalog has also continued to increase.

In the past few years, China has pushed forward the availability of diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases. However, only 5% of patients receive effective treatment in the world. In China, the difficulties in having access to drugs against rare disease is still one of the major problems in medical service and the main cause of patients complaints for " difficulties in getting treatment" and " difficulties in getting drugs". The availability of the medication for rare disease is a coordinating mechanism involving multiple such points in the chain as in research and development, production, circulation, usage, way of payment, technology innovation and so forth. It also relates to the actors in supply, demand, and policy decision-makers. The complexity is different from that of common drugs. This article provides a brief overview of the current status of availability policies of medication for rare diseases in China and in other countries, as well as the technology in drug development. In addition, the article points out the problems, challenges and expectations for future possibilities.

Off-label drug use represents a reasonable need for diagnosis and treatment in some cases, but it faces potential risks with drug safety and legal challenges. However, there was no guideline on how to manage the off-label drug use in China. Therefore, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, in cooperation with Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, established a working group and an expert group consisting of multidisciplinary group of experts to develop the Management Guideline for the Off-label Use of Drugs in China (2021). The Guideline is guided by the Law on Doctors of the People's Republic of China and the World Health Organization Guideline Development Manual. This is the first management guideline on the off-label use of drugs, aiming to improve the stakeholders' understanding of this topic and establish a standardized management procedure in China. This guideline has determined nine questions and proposed a total of twenty-three recommendations. The English version of the guideline was published in September 2022. This paper offers a detailed interpretation of the key points of the guidelines in order to provide suggestions and references for the management of off-label drug use.

With the implementation of the Law on Doctors of the People's Republic of China on March 1, 2022, off-label use of drugs has been included into the legislation for the first time. The Law on Doctors of the People's Republic of China stipulates: 'In the absence of effective or better treatment approaches and other special circumstances, after obtaining the informed consent of the patient/guardian/entrusted agent, the clinician can undertake a usage not specified in the drug instruction if supported with evidence. Medical institutions are suggested to establish a management system to review the suitability of prescriptions and medications and strictly standardize the medication behavior of clinicians'. In view of this, Peking Union Medical College Hospital has established the management system for off-label drug use based on evidence-based methods, with the aim to strengthen its management and rational use in our hospital. The measures for off-label drug use have been formulated to safeguard the doctors' legitimate rights, as well as to strictly standardize practicing behavior. Contingency plans have been established for risk prevention and control to protect the patients' rights and escort the off-label use of drugs. Hierarchical management based on the patients' needs and the types of evidence sources for off-label medication use have been adopted to improve its feasibility.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery using anchored spacers in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods Total 10 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2020 to January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All cases underwent OLIF surgery with anchored spacer. Visual Analog Scales (VAS), Japan Orthopedic Association Scores (JOA) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the pain symptoms and degree of neurology dysfunction improvement, while X⁃ray scan, 3D⁃CT scan and MRI were used to evaluate radiology outcomes and surgical complications during one week and 6 months after the surgery. Results All 10 patients completed the surgery successfully, the mean surgical time was (128.90±35.16) min, and the mean blood loss was (30.00±14.14) ml. VAS (F=332.566, P=0.000), JOA (F=244.125, P=0.000) and ODI (F=36.918, P=0.000) scores during one week and 6 months after the surgery showed significant improvement, compared with preoperative scores. VAS and ODI scores decreased at 6 months after the surgery than that before surgery (P=0.000, for all) and one week after surgery (P=0.000, for all). JOA score increased at 6 months after the surgery than that before surgery (P=0.000) and one week after surgery (P=0.000). The postoperative height of intervertebral space (t=9.406, P=0.000) and area of dural sac (t=8.853, P=0.000) were also significantly improved. At 6 months after the surgery, all patients had bony fusion at the surgical segment, and no complications such as fusion cage displacement, articular surface collapse or disc degeneration at the adjacent segment occurred. Conclusions OLIF surgery leads to satisfactory clinical outcomes in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. The use of anchored spacers can reduce the need for posterior internal fixation, it has no effect on the stability of the surgical segment and has high safety.

In recent years, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) has been very active in the field of rare disease research and development, especially in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where it made a major breakthrough. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare childhood myopathy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Currently, the four ASO drugs approved internationally for DMD are all targeted at dystrophin, including eteplirsen, golodirsen, viltolarsen and casimersen. They all belong to phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) antisense oligonucleotide drugs, so that their pharmacokinetic characteristics are similar. The drugs quickly spread to other tissues after intravenous administration. Because of the electrical neutrality of the PMO, they have a low binding rate to plasma proteins and are quickly metabolized by the kidney and excreted in the urine as archetypes. In addition, the likelihood of drug-drug interactions of ASO is low. Existing clinical studies have shown that they have certain clinical benefits and good tolerability, bringing new options for DMD treatment. This paper mainly discusses the pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic characteristics, efficacy, and safety of ASO drugs for the treatment of DMD, hoping to provide scientific reference for the rational and safe clinical use of such drugs.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.03.008

Promoting passive buildings is of great significance in the large-scale development of China. In this study, system dynamics theory is used to divide the ramp-up of the passive construction system into four subsystems, including the market demand subsystem, the government policy subsystem, the developers' economic benefits subsystem, and energy conservation and environmental protection consciousness subsystem. The passive construction production promotion model is built, and analysis of each subsystem is conducted. Then, the internal relations of passive construction hoisting system of the output feedback loop are built to draw the stock flow chart. After that, the key factors influencing the passive construction propulsion are found, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to propose several passive construction production promoting strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, and we provide reference for further prevention and control of the disease. Methods We collected the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 in Dongxihu Shelter Hospital of Wuhan from February 7 to March 6, 2020. The main symptoms, blood test results, lung CT results, and nucleic acid negative conversion were analyzed. Results A total of 654 patients were included, 175(26.76%) were mild, and 479(73.24%) were general. There were 344 males (52.60%), and 310 females (47.40%). The patients were with a mean age of (49.36± 10.30) years, and 97 patients (14.83%) with a history of hypertension, 51 patients (7.80%) had a history of diabetes. The main clinical symptoms were fever with 547(83.64%) patients, 186 cases (28.44%) had chills, 15 cases (2.29%) had shiver, 342(52.29%) had fatigue symptoms, 413(63.15%) had cough, 137(20.95%) had chest tightness, and 109(16.67%) had diarrhea during the course of the disease. Blood routine tests of 395 patients, the white blood cell count (WBC) was (4.12±1.46)x109/L. The total white blood cell count was normal in 378 cases(95.70%), increased in 7(1.77%), and decreased in 10(2.53%). The lymphocyte percentage was (23.10±10.02)%, lymphocyte (1.06±0.37)x109/L. The percentage and count of lymphocyte were low. All the 654 cases were examined by CT, 175 cases (26.76%) showed normal lung CT, 422 cases (64.52%) showed patchy or segmental ground-glass opacity, and 57 cases (8.72%) showed multilobar consolidation, ground-glass shadow coexisted with consolidation or streak shadow. The interval between positive nucleic acid test before admission and negative test after admission was as short as 5 days and as long as 24 days, the average was (12.35 ±3.73) days. Conclusion Fever, coughing, and fatigue are the main symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The typical lung CT findings can be used as the basis for clinical diagnosis and disease evaluation. Patients with mild and common type had better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes of cerebral cortical thickness in patients with end- stage renal disease (ESRD) and the relationship between cortical thickness and kidney function. Methods A total of 35 ESRD patients were enrolled in this study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), serum potassium and serum calcium of those patients were examined. Head MRI was performed to observe the changes of cerebral cortical thickness. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between cerebral cortical thickness and kidney function. Results Compared with normal controls, ESRD patients showed decreased cerebral cortical thickness in right prefrontal cortex, including lateral prefrontal cortex (Peak 1 and 2), medial prefrontal cortex (Peak 3) and ventral prefrontal cortex (Peak 4; P < 0.05, for all, RFT correction). Pearson correlation analysis showed that lateral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 1: r = - 0.344, P = 0.043; Peak 2: r = - 0.335, P = 0.049) and medial prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 3: r = - 0.387, P = 0.021) were negatively correlated with serum Cr; lateral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 1: r = - 0.384, P = 0.023; Peak 2: r = - 0.380, P = 0.024), medial prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 3: r = - 0.470, P = 0.004) and ventral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 4: r = - 0.440, P = 0.009) were negatively correlated with serum BUN; medial prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 3) was positively correlated with Hb (r = 0.339, P = 0.046) and was negatively correlated with serum potassium (r = - 0.335, P = 0.049); lateral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 2) was positively correlated with corrected serum calcium (r = 0.354, P = 0.037). Conclusions ESRD patients had decreased thickness of right prefrontal cortex, including lateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and ventral prefrontal cortex, which was correlated with kidney function. These results provided compelling evidence for cortical abnormality of ESRD patients, and suggested that kidney function may be the key factor for predicting changes of brain tissue structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the accuracy of BMD, OSTA, and FRAX (non-BMD model) on the prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk, and to provide a suitable tool of osteoporotic fractures for Chinese postmenopausal women. Methods This cohort study assessed 1497 postmenopausal women who took BMD test in Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2011 to December 2011. Based on the baseline data and the occurrence of actual fractures, ROC curves were drawn. The accuracy of BMD, OSTA, and FRAX (non-BMD model) in the prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk was compared. Result Values of BMD, OSTA, and FRAX in fracture group (n =343) were lower than those in non-fracture group (n = 1154), and the difference was statistically significant. AUC areas of ROC curves of BMD, OSTA, and FRAX were 0. 654 (95% CI: 0. 621 - 0. 687), 0. 629 (95%CI: 0. 595 -0. 663), and 0. 907 (95%CI: 0. 888 -0. 926), respectively. The best cutoff values were - 1. 25, - 1. 90, and 3.65%, respectively. Conclusion FRAX without BMD values can be used for the prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk in Chinese postmenopausal women. However, the diagnosis cutoff value is 3. 65%, which is far less than 20% of the WHO recommendation. Therefore, further study should be conducted to explore the reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a high resolution wide swath imaging mode for repeat acquisition is proposed with near space platform. The emission antenna is designed as linear phase steered array. Combined with proper receiving antenna mode, the two way antenna mode forms one main lobe and two gating lobes, which provides the short term repeated visiting to the same imaged area. In order to get high azimuth resolution ad wide swath, the echoes of all sub beams are superimposed both in azimuth time and Doppler frequency domain. The paper proposes a multiple-channel multiple-beam reconstruction algorithm to separate the aliased echoes. The nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm is used to form the images for the sub beams. The azimuth ambiguity signal ratio that affects the image quality mostly is analyzed as well. An example system design is given in this paper. The simulation results verify the validity and the correctness of the proposed imaging mode and the processing method. The calculated performance parameters show the qualities of the sub images satisfy the request of the applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imaging efficiency of the synthetic aperture radar installed in near space slow platform is low. In this paper an imaging mode based on the azimuth multi-beam switching is proposed. The basic idea is to divide the azimuth swath into multiple azimuth sub-swaths. The required pulse repeated frequency is increased accordingly. In the azimuth sampling positions, the azimuth sub-swaths are illuminated periodically. In contrast to the traditional stripmap mode, the proposed mode can improve the imaging efficiency effectively. When the number of the multi-beam is large enough, the imaging efficiency of the slow platform can be higher than that of the fast platform. The high resolution wide swath imaging, meanwhile, can be achieved. The formulas for calculating the key parameters of the system as well as the signal processing steps are provided. The simulation results verify the validity of the proposed imaging mode and signal processing steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the mechanisms driving community succession in the secondary forest surrounding Qiandao Lake, Zhejiang, China, we investigated seasonal dynamics of the diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rates, their responses to both light and CO2, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of four dominant plant species, i. e. , Pinus massoniana, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Lithocarpus glaber and Cyclobalanopsis glauca in three natural light habitats, i. e. , gap, edge and understory. In the three different light regimes, the daily mean values of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of P. massoniana and C. sclerophylla were significantly higher in summer than in the other seasons, while Pn of L. glaber and C. glauca was significantly higher in autumn than in the other seasons. In the forest gap and edge habitats, the annual mean values of the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax), the light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration rate (Rd) of P. massoniana were the highest, followed by C. sclerophylla, and those of L. glaber and C. glauca were the lowest. In the understory habitat, the annual mean values of Amax and the apparent quantum yield (AQY) of C. glauca were the highest, followed by L. glaber and C. sclerophylla, and those of P. massoniana were the lowest. The annual mean values of the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vc max), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and triose phosphate use rate (TPU) of P. massoniana were significantly higher than those of the other three plant species in the three different light regimes. During the four seasons, the photochemical maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv / Fm) of P. massoniana and C. sclerophylla in the forest gap habitat was significantly higher, while those of L. glaber and C. glauca in the understory habitat were significantly higher than in the other light regimes. The maximum values of Fv / Fm of P. massoniana and C. sclerophylla were the highest in summer, and those of L. glaber and C. glauca were the highest in autumn. It suggested that P. massoniana and C. sclerophylla were more suitable for habitats with high light intensities such as forest gaps, and L. glaber and C. glauca were more suitable for habitats with low light intensities such as the understory. During ecological succession, P. massoniana and C. sclerophylla would withdraw from the community with the increasing canopy density, and L. glaber and C. glauca would be the dominant species in the climax community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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S-RAID 5 is an energy-efficient RAID for sequential data access, an energy management algorithm, logical space forecast (LSF) algorithm, for S-RAID 5 was proposed to improve the performance of S-RAID 5 while maintains its energy efficiency. LSF performed dynamical cluster analysis on the addresses of the I/O requests, and ohtained the areas of I/Os distrihuted in the logical address space. According the dynamic characteristics of ahove areas and special data layout of S-RAID 5, LSF forecasted the states of the disks in S-RAID 5, and scheduled the disks hased on the predicted states. Experimental result shows that compared with classical algorithms TPM and Markov, LSF can effectively eliminate the response time delay of S-RAID 5 while gains similar energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave-induced pyrolysis of sewage sludge was carried out to produce bio-gas and the characteristics of gaseous products were identified in this study. The analysis by GC showed that microwave pyrolysis generated gases with a high proportion (up to 56% ) of CO and H2, which had relatively high overall heating values. The gases have potential applications as fuel. Moreover, the content of H2S and nitrogen-containing gases were also investigated to evaluate the safety of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain the pyrolysis characteristics of sewage sludge under different heat sources and achieve the resources of sludge, a study was carried out on the traditional pyrolysis characteristics and gas production of swage sludge at different heating rates by TG - FTIR analysis. The feature and major process of microwave pyrolysis were investigated through data comparison. The results show that the TG curves of microwave pyrolysis and traditional pyrolysis at the heating rate of 100 °C/min were similar, in which three periods of losing weigh occur at the same time. FTIR analysis results indicate that decarboxylation of hydrocarbons produces CO2, alkane pyrolysis produces CH4, and the response of water, CO2 and coke is a major source of CO. Activated carbon used as microwave absorbing material plays a significant role in the production of CO and H2 in the process of microwave pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the characterization of the ibeA gene of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a common pathogen in industrial farms in China. It states that a mutant APEC with ibeA gene was obtained by Red/ET recombination. It highlights the adhesive and invasive tests which were conducted on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). It mentions that the adhesive and invasive rate of the mutant APEC which are reduced to 45 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common clinical histological subtype of lung cancer and microRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs which play a central role in cells. miR-30b-3p plays a key effect in many types of carcinoma, but there is still very little research on how it works in lung adenocarcinoma. The role and mechanism of miR-30b-3p in the proliferation and invasion of LUAD were explored in this study, to provide new targets for inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of LUAD., Methods: NCBI database was used to screen out miRNA with obvious differential expression, and the differential expression and survival curve were searched by StarBase database. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of miR-30b-3p in each lung adenocarcinoma cell line. 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assay and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells in each group. The target genes of miR-30b-3p were determined by the target gene prediction websites. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of COX6B1 in each group of A549 cells. Double luciferase assay was used to verify the targeted binding relationship between miR-30b-3p and COX6B1., Results: The expression of miR-30b-3p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and lung adenocarcinoma cells was downregulated (P<0.05). Low expression levels of miR-30b-3p were associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P=0.005,8). Overexpression of miR-30b-3p could inhibit the proliferation and the invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells (P<0.05). Double luciferase assay proved that miR-30b-3p could target and bind to COX6B1 (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-30b-3p could downregulate the expression of COX6B1 in A549 cells (P<0.05). EdU cell proliferation assay and Transwell invasion assay showed that the overexpression of miR-30b-3p could reverse the promoting effect of upregulation of COX6B1 on proliferation and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma cells (P<0.05)., Conclusions: miR-30b-3p acts as a tumor suppressor gene in lung adenocarcinoma, and it can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma by targeting the expression of COX6B1.

Objective: To study the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of neonates with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS), and to provide a reference for optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of this disease., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical and follow-up data of 16 neonates with KMS who were admitted to the Anhui Children's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, from January 2016 to December 2020., Results: Of the 16 neonates, there were 13 boys (81%) and 3 girls (19%), with an age of 1 hour to 10 days on admission. Among these neonates, 13 (81%) had cutaneous hemangioma (2 in the head and face, 5 in the trunk, and 6 in the extremities) and 3 (19%) had liver hemangioma. The main clinical manifestations of bleeding tendency and scattered petechiae and ecchymosis were observed in 10 neonates (62%). All the 16 neonates had varying degrees of thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders. They all received glucocorticoid treatment after admission and 7 (44%) of them had response, among whom 4 experienced recurrence. Among the neonates with no response to glucocorticoid treatment, 3 received sirolimus treatment, among whom 1 had the tumor volume reduced by 58.8% after 4 weeks of treatment, with platelet count and coagulation function returning to normal, while 2 had no significant reduction in tumor volume or significant increase in platelet count and achieved a tumor volume reduced by (43.7±0.4)% after 4 weeks of combined treatment with bleomycin arterial embolization, with platelet count and coagulation function returning to normal. After 4 weeks of bleomycin arterial embolization alone for 4 neonates, tumor volume was reduced by (52.0±3.4)%, and platelet count and coagulation function returned to normal. Blunt and sharp dissection was performed for 2 neonates. The tumor was removed completely during surgery in the 2 neonates, with no infection or recurrence after surgery, and platelet count and coagulation function returned to normal. The postoperative pathological examination showed Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in 1 out of the 2 neonates., Conclusions: KMS has characteristic clinical manifestations, histopathological features, and laboratory examination results. The KMS neonates who are not sensitive to glucocorticoids can achieve a good curative effect through arterial embolization and sirolimus treatment.

Background: Cancer pain affect the physical activity, psychological state and quality of life seriously, and even shortened the survival time of patients. Rational and standard application of opioids could control cancer pain effectively. Since the high incidence of cancer pain in lung cancer patients, the status of opioids application should be analyzed to evaluate the rationality of analgesic application in lung cancer patients., Methods: The clinical data of 305 patients with lung cancer who were hospitalized in Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively., Results: In the analysis of factors affecting the use of opioids in lung cancer patients, age and drug kinds were the main influencing factors. The proportion of male patients was higher than female. Moreover, male patients used more kinds of opioids and were mostly between 60 and 69 years old. The variety and structure of opioids used in lung cancer patients in our hospital met the requirements. Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablet has the highest frequency of application, and defined daily cost (DDC) ranked the first with a serial number ratio of 1, which showed good synchronization. The quantity of morphine tablet and morphine injection were low, and the overall breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) in lung cancer patients was well controlled. The overall application of opioids were reasonable (93.4%), and the unreasonable items mainly included the disposal of BTcP and the unreasonable frequency of opioids, as well as overdose., Conclusions: The majority of patients with lung cancer who take opioids are male, and the cancer pain in elderly men are more difficult to control, which needs to pay more attention. The overall application of opioids in the patients with lung cancer pain in our hospital are reasonable, but there are still some problems to focus, such as the disposal of BTcP, the dosage of opioids and the medication of special groups.

Objective: To investigate the effect of CD44 fucosylation on fluid adhesion force of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)., Methods: The rabbit BMSCs were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent culture method. The morphology of cells were observed by inverted microscope, and the cell surface markers of CD44, CD34, CD29, and CD105 were assessed by flow cytometry. BMSCs fucosylated by alpha-(1, 3)-fucosyltransferase Ⅵ (FTⅥ) were as the experimental group, and the non-fucosylated BMSCs were as the control group, and then the positive rate of sialyl-LewisX (sLe X ) and the binding rate of E-selectin were detected by flow cytometry. The fucosylated BMSCs resuspended in Hank balanced salt solution (HBSS) were assigned as the experimental group (group A), at same time, the non-fucosylated BMSCs resuspended in HBSS solution as the study control group (group B), and the fucosylated BMSCs resuspended in HBSS solution which was added EDTA as negative control group (group C). The fluid adhesion force of rabbit BMSCs were detected by the parallel flow chamber adhesion test., Results: Primary BMSCs mainly shaped as spindle and kept strong growth. The third generation BMSCs were negative for CD34, but positive for CD44, CD29, and CD105. After fucosylation, the positive rate of sLe X in the experimental group was 32.52%±1.76%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.48%±0.51%) ( t =29.277, P = 0.000). The binding rate of E-selectin in the experimental group was 41.05%±1.84%, which was also significantly higher than that in the control group (4.33%±0.92%) ( t =35.674, P =0.000). With the increase of fluid shear force, the number of BMSCs adhering to the surface of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in group A was increased at first and then decreased, while there was few BMSCs adhering to the surface of HUVEC in groups B and C. Under the different fluid shear stress, the number of BMSCs adhered to the surface of HUVEC in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups B and C ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: CD44 fucosylation on BMSCs can enhance the fluid adhesion force of rabbit BMSCs.

Nowadays, a great quantity of heat treating corundums are emerging in our market. It is hard to distinguish them scientifically just by conventional methods. In order to accurately determine whether the corundums have been heated or not, we need to analyse their spectral characteristics. This paper describes the spectroscopy identification of untreated and heated corundum. The experiment is conducted as follows: First, We observed the inclusions of corundum samples, then measured and recorded their infrared spectra, UV-Vis spectra by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer respectively. Next we chose a part of samples to heat, after the heat treatment, we recorded their spectra and made a comparison with that of untreated corundums. The results showed that we can detect the absorption peaks at 1 980 and 2 110 cm(-1) which represent diaspore in untreated ruby. However, after heat treatment, the absorption peaks disappear which means the structure of AlO(OH) has been destroyed. The sapphires which grown in alkali basalt under reductive condition appear the absorption peak at 3 310 cm(-1). However, this peak vanishes after 18 h heat treatment when the temperature is 1 600 ℃. For UV-Vis spectra of ruby, after heat treatment, the slight shift occurs in strong, wide absorption band at around 555 nm, and this band becomes more pointed. In addition, absorption intensity difference between wave crest and wave hollow increases. The absorption bands at 375, 387, 454 nm of heated sapphires are more pointed than that of the untreated sapphires, and absorption intensity difference rises. These changes in spectral characteristics can help us to distinguish untreated corundum from heat treating corundum.

The Visible absorption and Raman spectra of β-carotene were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide in temperature ranging from 81 to 25 ℃ and in carbon disulfide in pressure range from 0.04 to 0.60 GPa, respectively. The results indicated that the visible absorption and Raman spectra are both red-shifted, Raman scattering cross section increase with the temperature decreasing. And with the pressure increasing, the visible absorption spectra are red-shifted, but the frequency shift towards higher frequencies in the Raman spectra, the Raman scattering cross section decrease unexpectedly. The latter can’t be explained by the model of “effective conjugation length” and “coherent weakly damped electron-lattice vibrations”. In this paper, we combined electron-vibration coupling rule with theoretical calculations and found that the electron-phonon coupling constant had a certain changing trend with the temperature and pressure variation, which Indicate that the interaction between π-electron and CC bond vibration was essential for this experiment result. Thus, the turning effect of energy gap of the π on CC vibration mode is responsible for such phenomenon.

It has been a long time that the imitations of turquoise appear in gem market. Pressed dyed carbonate in the early stage and dyed variscite, chalcedony as well as magnesite appeared in succession. These kinds of materials do not have the color and characteristics of natural turquoise. Their physical and optical properties are quite different from natural turquoise. One kind of turquoise imitation newly appears in market is selected to be studied in this paper. The conventional gemological method, infrared absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to study its mineral compositions, gemological properties and structural characteristics. The results show that: the brecciated structure can be observed and the distribution of the iron wire is very simple on the surface of the sample. Deep blue granules are visible on the surface of blue samples and a few black spots can be observed on the surface of white ones, which are typical indication of pressing process. The blue imitations of turquoise has been stained and pressed. The index of this kind of turquoise imitation range from 1.54 to 1.58, which is lower than that of natural turquoise and it show bluish white fluorescence, which can be used as important evidence to distinguish it with natural turquoise. The data of X-ray diffraction shows the sample mainly consists of enstatite and quartz. The results of infrared absorption spectroscopy show that the absorption spectra of this kind of turquoise imitation is in accordance with the typical absorption peaks of enstatite: the absorption peaks which locates near 1 088 and 799 cm-1 are associated with Si—O, Si—O—Si stretching vibration in quartz; the absorption peaks near 2 947 and 2 882 cm-1 is related with stretching vibration of CH2 of exotic organic resin; the absorption peaks near 1 736 and 1 510 cm-1 are resulted from the bending and stretching vibration of CO and CH2.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) on the changes of inflammatory cytokines after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and to explore the potential mechanism. Two hundred Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and DEDTC (Zn chelator) treated group. MCAO model was established by the suture method. Rats were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 h after reperfusion. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was conducted to measure the brain infarct volume. Newport Green was adopted to detect the chelatable zinc in the cerebral penumbra. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was performed to determine the release of TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore Western blot was used to analyze the expression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that DEDTC resulted in a significant reduction of brain infarct volume and an obvious improvement of neurological function compared to the model group. DEDTC also decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. The activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway induced by I/R injury was drastically inhibited by the treatment with DEDTC. In conclusion, DEDTC could protect the brain against ischemic injury induced by MCAO, which might be relevant to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the decreased release of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective: To observe preventive and therapeutic effects of Tanshinone IIA (T II A) on oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy (OlPN) and to explore its effects on the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and never growth factor (NGF)., Methods: Totally 36 phase II - III patients with malignant tumor of digestive tract undergoing chemotherapy program with oxaliplatin, were equally assigned to the T II A group (using THA at 80 mg/day 1 day before oxaliplatin chemotherapy for 3 successive days) and the control group (using chemotherapy program with oxaliplatin alone) by segmented randomization. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, the incidence degree and incidence of OlPN were evaluated. Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity ( MNCV) were tested by EMG evoked potential device. Serum levels of CGRP and NGF were also detected in the two groups before and after chemotherapy. The correlation of serum levels of CGRP and NGF to OIPN was assessed using linear correlation analysis., Results: After chemotherapy the OlPN incidence was 27.8% (5/18 cases) in the T II A group, obviously lower than that in the control group (55.6%, 10/18 cases; P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, SNCV and MNCV of common peroneal nerve were slowed down, serum NGF levels decreased, and serum CGRP levels obviously increased in the two groups (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, SNCV and MNCV of common peroneal nerve were obviously accelerated, serum NGF levels increased, and serum CGRP levels obviously decreased in the THA group (all P < 0.05). Results of linear correlation analysis indicated serum NGF level was negatively correlated with peripheral neuropathy (PN), serum CGRP expression was positively correlated with neurotoxicity (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: T II A could reduce the incidence of OlPN, which might be associated with inhibiting the expression of CGRP and up-regulating NGF activities.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of bone grafting through windowing at the femoral head-neck junction for the treatment of osteonecrosis with the segmental collapse of the femoral head., Methods: The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 106 patients (131 hips) with osteonecrosis with the segmental collapse of the femoral head who underwent bone grafting through windowing at the femoral head-neck junction between March 2011 and December 2013. There were 78 males and 28 females, with an average age of 31.3 years (range, 17-43 years). The body mass index ranged from 16.5 to 36.5 (mean, 24.2). There were 53 cases of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), 18 cases of alcohol-induced ONFH, and 35 cases of idiopathic ONFH. According to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification system, 105 hips were rated as stage IIIa, and 26 hips as stage IIIb; according to the China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CJFH) classification system, 41 hips were classified as C+L1 type, 13 hips as L2 type, and 77 hips as L3 type. Harris score was used for the effectiveness evaluation. The clinical failure cases were defined as patients who need total hip arthroplasty, or had a Harris score of less than 70 points. The Cox risk model analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for multivariate analysis and univariate analysis., Results: The average follow-up period was 27.9 months (range, 4-51 months). Solid fusions of bone graft were observed at 1.0-1.5 years after operation. The Harris score at last follow-up was 81.41 ±11.93, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative score (63.24 ± 9.98) (t = 13.710, P = 0.000). The results were excellent in 5 hips, good in 41 hips, fair in 57 hips, and poor in 28 hips, with an excellent and good rate of 35.1%. Thirty-three hips were classified as clinical failure. A progressive collapse of the femoral head was observed in 22 hips. The single factor analysis showed that preoperative ARCO stage, preoperative CJFH type, and preoperative Harris hip score were risk factors for clinical failure (P<0.05). The Cox risk model showed that ARCO stage IIIb was independent risk factor for clinical failure (P < 0.05). The Kaplan- Meier survival curves showed that ARCO stage IIIa patients had a better effectiveness than ARCO stage IIIb patients., Conclusion: Bone grafting through windowing at the femoral head-neck junction has a good effectiveness in patients at ARCO stage IIIa, while patients at ARCO stage IIIb and patients of CJFH types L2 and L3 have high clinical failure rates.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the interleukin-17 (IL-17) level of peripheral blood and aggression of bipolar mania., Methods: Thirty-six patients of bipolar mania were selected as experimental group by DSM-IV-TR and received treatment with quetiapine and lithium. Thirty-six healthy volunteers with similar age and gender were selected as control group. The level of IL-17 at baseline in each group and the level of IL-17 in the experimental group after treatment for 2, 4 and 8 weeks were detected by ELISA., Results: The level of IL-17 in experimental group at baseline, after treatment for 2 and 4 weeks were all significantly higher than that in control group. After 8 weeks treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 2, 4 and 8 weeks treatment, the total score and aggression score of Young Mania Rating Score (YMRS) were significantly lower than the baseline level (P < 0.05). In experimental group, the level of IL-17 was positively correlated with the two scores of YMRS at baseline (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Bipolar mania may be related to the up-regulation of IL-17. The level of IL-17 is related to the severity of manic symptoms at baseline, especially aggression symptom.

All-trans-β-carotene has important functions of light collection and light protection, and it is also an important electrooptical material. The Raman spectra of polyenes are a result of the modulation effect of the π electron energy gap on the vibration of CC bonds, which associate with the external field. So it has higher theoretical significance and practical value to study the molecular structure and properties change under the external field. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and resonant Raman spectra of all-trans-β-carotene in cyclohexanol were measured from 341 to 275 K. The liquid-solid phase transition of the sample appears at 295 K. The characteristic energy describes the conformational change of all-trans-β-carotene molecule. After the solution phase transition, the characteristic energy ε of all-trans-β-carotene molecule becomes bigger. And when temperature decreasing, the rate of change of the Huang-Rhys, the wavelength of UV absorption peak, electron-phonon Parameter, RSCSs of the CC bond increase. the Huang-Rhys in solid phase is an order of magnitude higher then liquid phase. The characteristic energy of liquid is 0.206 7 eV. The characteristic energy of liquid is 0.559 6 eV. The increasing of the characteristic energy ε makes the rate of increasing of the effectively conjugated length becomes bigger. The decreasing of the π electric energy gap quickens. The function of moderation from electron energy gap to all-trans-β-carotene molecule enhances. Electron-phonon Parameter increases. RSCSs of the CC bond substantially increases.

Objective: To identify a novel HLA allele DRB1 * 16:36 from a Uygur woman., Methods: PCR-SBT technology was applied to the extracted DNA for genotyping, and a possible new gene was sequenced by using sequence specific primers and single stranded SBT. This novel allele was compared with known most homologous gene sequences and their difference was analyzed., Results: This novel allele was different from HLA alle DRB1 * 16:23, and had highest similarity in 2 nucleotides at position 227 A→T and 236 T→C in exon 2, resulting in 3 amino acid changes from Tyr to Phe at codon 47 and Val to Ala at codon 50. The sequence of this novel allele had been submitted to GenBank., Conclusion: This HLA allele DRB1 * 16:23 has been confirmed to be a novel allele, and has been officially named DRB1 * 16:36 by the World Health Organization (WHO) Nomenclature Committee in May 2015.

Objective: To prepare rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) against Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and identify the functions of the antibody., Methods: The Rac1 fragment was amplified from cDNA of human cervical cancer HeLa cells, and then inserted into the vector pET-32a to construct the recombinant plasmid pET-32a-Rac1. The recombinant protein Rac1 was fused with His-tag and the fusion protein His-Rac1 was expressed in E.coli expression system. Thereafter, His-tagged Rac1 was purified to immunize rabbits as immunogen. The titer and specificity of rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rac1 were identified by ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively., Results: The fusion protein His-Rac1 was successfully expressed in E.coli. The pAb could specifically detect Rac1 in human HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells in Western blotting. Moreover, the pAb could specifically recognized Rac1 protein in human kidney tissues., Conclusion: The pAb of human Rac1 protein was successfully prepared, which could specifically recognize Rac1 protein in several natural samples.

Beta-carotene is an important kind of polyene biomolecules, which has significant applications on researching optoelectronic and functional materials. In-situ high pressure Raman spectra of beta-carotene are measured in CS2 solution and water respectively at pressure range from 0-0.60 GPa. Then we compared both of them the Raman shift and CC bond of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Raman spectra. It is therefore concluded that both of the samples' Raman shift moved to the high wave number and the full width at half maximum increased depending of the pressure. The experiment phenomena were interpreted by the theory of "coherent weakly damped electronic-lattice vibration model" and "effective conjugation length model". The mechanism is that the beta-carotene is compressed and has the lower structure order, shorte the effective conjugation length, decreased Raman active, weaker the coherent weakly damping CC bond vibration in high pressure. Because of the CC bond length become short, so the Raman spectra are found to blueshift. The CC bond of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Raman spectra increased is attributed to the increase of difference in C--C and C==C bond lengths. Moreover, due to dissolving in non-polar CS2 solvent, the beta-carotene encounters the interaction of the surrounding solvent molecules. So the dispersion force interaction between solute and solvent is more sensitive to pressure. Then it makes that the slop of Raman shift and the full width at half maximum in the CS2 solution are faster than dissolved in water with increasing pressure. This paper provides an application value for research on molecular structure change under the external field and the presence form of polyenes biomolecules in the solvent.

Fermi resonance is a phenomenon of molecular vibrational coupling and energy transfer occurred between different groups of a single molecule or neighboring molecules. Many properties of Fermi resonance under different external fields, the investigation method of Raman spectroscopy as well as the application of Fermi resonance, etc need to be developed and extended further. In this article the research results and development about Fermi resonance obtained by Raman spectral technique were introduced systematically according to our work and the results by other researchers. Especially, the results of the behaviors of intramolecular and intermolecular Fermi resonance of some molecules under some external fields such as molecular field, pressure field and temperature field, etc were investigated and demonstrated in detail according to the Raman spectra obtained by high pressure DAC technique, temperature variation technique as well as the methods we planed originally in our group such as solution concentration variation method and LCOF resonance Raman spectroscopic technique, and some novel properties of Fermi resonance were found firstly. Concretely, (1) Under molecular field. a. The Raman spectra of C5H5 N in CH3 OH and H2O indicates that solvent effect can influence Fermi resonance distinctly; b. The phenomena of the asymmetric movement of the Fermi resonance doublets as well as the fundamental involved is tuned by the Fermi resonance which had not been found by other methods were found firstly by our variation solution concentration method; c. The Fermi resonance properties can be influenced distinctly by the molecular group reorganization induced by the hydrogen bond and anti-hydrogen bond in solution; d. Fermi resonance can occurred between C7 H8 and m-C8H10, and the Fermi resonance properties behave quite differently with the solution concentration; (2) Under pressure field. a. The spectral lines shift towards high wavenumber with increasing pressure, and frequency difference Δ varies with pressure, which induced the change of W; b. The W of νi + ν4 ν3 of CCl4 in C6H6 decreased more quickly in solution than in pure liquid with increasing pressure and the Fermi resonance disappeared ahead of that in pure liquid, which indicates that the phenomenon of Fermi resonance induced by pressure effect can reveal the mechanism of some solvent effects. (3) Under temperature field. a. The Fermi resonance properties of different molecules behave quite differently with temperature. For an instance, the one of CO2 can be influenced distinctly by temperature, while the one of CS2 behaves no change with temperature. This article offers systematic theoretical and experimental support to the investigation of identification and assignment of molecular spectral line, the confirmation of molecular conformation and conformers, the effect of hydrogen bond on molecular structure and properties, etc.

Objective: To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against S100A9, and characterize these antibodies' properties for functional studies., Methods: We amplified cDNA fragment of S100A9 from adult human liver sample, then constructed the vectors pGEX-4T-1-S100A9 and pET-32a-S100A9 for protein expression. The S100A9 protein fused respectively with the His-tag and GST-tag were expressed in E.coli and purified for immunizing mice as antigen and hybridoma screening, respectively. After hybriodma screening, the titer of mAbs was determined by ELISA and the specificity was identified by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence technique., Results: Both GST-tagged and His-tagged S100A9 fusion proteins were successfully constructed and expressed in E.coli. Eighteen hybridoma cell strains secreting S100A9 mAbs were obtained, of which 15 showed strong positive reaction but 3 showed weak positive reaction to the recombinant protein in Western blotting. Two hybridoma cell strains were capable of binding to S100A9 native protein in tumor tissue interstitial fluid., Conclusion: We successfully prepared the mAbs against S100A9 protein, which provide the useful tool for further study on biological function and clinical detection of S100A9.

Qinghai caesious nephrite is discovered in the 1990s in the Golmud area of Qinghai Province. The conventional gemological testing methods, electron microprobe, infrared absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used in this study to analyze the chemical composition and infrared spectra characteristics of the caesious nephrite, selected from the jade mine of Xiaozhaohuo river in Golmud area. The results show that, the gemological physical properties of the Qinghai caesious nephrite are similar to other origin nephrite. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that the MgO, CaO and SiO2 are the major and stable composition for the caesious nephrite. The content of MgO and CaO are 18. 572%-23.603% and 12.333%-12.807% respectively. Moreover, the content of SiO2 is 56.799%-59.926%. In addition, it also contains a higher content of FeOr(Wt%: 1.924%-8.699%) and an amount of Al2O3, TiO2 and Na2O. Infrared absorption and Raman spectra show that the Qinghai caesious nephrite has a characteristic spectral features of tremolite indicating it is mainly composed of tremolite. The different frequency of the infrared absorption bands is due to the difference of Mg--Fe2+ isomorphous substitutionand Fe2+ content of the caesious nephrite. Comprehensive analysis of chemical composition and vibrational spectroscopy indicate that the color of dark gray blue for the Qinghai nephrite is mainly related to its high content of FeOr, and the Fe is a main coloring element.

In recent years, morganite is becoming more and more popular due to its special color. The morganite samples located in the Republic of Mozambique were detailedly analyzed for its basic properties, chemical composition characteristics and spectroscopy properties by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra (UV-Vis-NIR), infrared spectrum (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The color parameters of morganite samples including the main wave- length, saturation, and lightness were got by UV-Vis-NIR Chemical composition test showed higher content of Li, Rb, Cs and Mn in samples and chemical formula was calculated as Be3.2090 Al2.0757 Li0.425 Si5.664 O18 (Na0.1420 Cs0.1316). Infrared spectroscopy showed that morganite structure vibration area is mainly in the fingerprint area 400-1200 and 900-1200 cm(-1) for the vibration of the ring Si--O--Si, 550-900 cm(-1) for Be-O vibration area, and 450-530 cm(-1) for Al--O vibration area. Because the Cs element content is higher in sample morganite and Cs belongs to higher atomic number elements, its existence may move the vibrationfrequency of Si--O--Si rings to the low position. Raman spectra showed 1065 cm(-1) for Si-O inner vibration of non bridge oxygen, around 1000 cm(-1) for Be--O outer vibration of non bridge oxygen, 685 cm(-1) for Si--O--Si inner vibration of deformation, 400 cm(-1) for O--Be--O outer vibration of bending, 390 cm(-1) for. Al--O outer vibration of deformation, 320 cm(-1) for Al--O outer vibration of bending.