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A droop-free distributed energy storage control strategy based on the diffusion algorithm is proposed to address the inability of droop control to simultaneously achieve bus voltage stability and accurate power distribution among energy storage systems when the line impedance is mismatched and bus voltage is inconsistent. First, the diffusion algorithm is applied to the distributed estimation of direct current (DC) microgrid to obtain the global average, and the difference between the voltage rating and the average voltage is used as a compensation term to restore the bus voltage deviation. Then, in order to achieve the accurate distribution of power between energy storage systems with different rated capacities and different states of charge (SOC), a standard power of energy storage is designed and the difference between the standard power and the average standard power is used as a compensation term for the equilibrium of SOC between energy storage systems. Finally, a model based on RT-LAB is built to verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategy in four different operating modes. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve the bus voltage recovery and the accurate distribution of energy storage power in the isolated DC microgrid.

In order to prepare composite materials with excellent photocatalytic property, a metal-organic framework material UiO-66 was successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. UiO-66/PVDF hybrid fiber membrane was successfully prepared by electrospinning technology. The experimental results showed that the surface of pure PVDF film fiber was smooth and the thickness of a single fiber was uniform. After doped with UiO-66 material, the fiber surface became rough. The hydrophilic property of PVDF modified fiber membranes doped with UiO-66 and the degradation ability of tetracycline hydrochloride were significantly improved. When the doping amount of UiO-66 was 1.0%, the degradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride solution was the best and reached to 98.2%. For norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, the degradation capacity could be reached 95. 0%. The degradation rate after 5 cycle experiments under light conditions was only slightly lower than the first time. It is considered that UiO-66/PVDF modified hybrid fiber membrane has large application potential in water purification field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The available intermediate liquid phase during cold sintering were very limited. In this paper, deep eutectic solvent prepared by choline chloride and malonic acid was used as an intermediate liquid phase during cold sintering of CuO at different pressures and temperatures. The results show that CuO with a relative density of 88. 2% is obtained by adding w(deep eutectic solvent) = 10% at 400 °C and 540 MPa. The relative density of CuO is increased by 19. 4% after cold sintering compared to dry pressed. Deep eutectic solvent can be used as an intermediate liquid phase during cold sintering of CuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, absorption, transportation and bioavailability of fluorine in different extracts of a dark tea were evaluated in the Caco-2 cell line model. The results show that the fluorine contents in different extracts of dark tea were significantly different. The fluorine content of the crude polysaccharide fraction (RTP) was the highest, which was 2.17 times that of the water extract (TE). Fluorine content in dialyzed polysaccharide (DTP) was significantly reduced, which was only 1/22 of the fluorine content in RTP and 1/10 of the fluorine content in TE. The forward and reverse transport of fluorine in cell model had time and dose effects, and increased with the increase of time and concentration. After the first 1 h treatment, the forward and reverse transport of fluorine in NaF was the highest, while that in DTP was the lowest, which were significantly different from other treatments. There was no significant difference between the TE and RTP treatments. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) decreased with the prolonging of treatment time. The Papp of fluorine in NaF was more than 1x10-5 cm·s-1 within 4 h, indicating its bioavailability was good. The Papp of fluorine in TE and RTP decreased to less than 1x10-5 cm·s-1 after 2 h of treatment, indicating its bioavailability was moderate. the Papp of fluorine in DTP was the smallest at all stages, and was less than 1x10-5 cm·s-1 after 1 h of treatment, indicating its bioavailability was low. Fluorine in NaF, TE or DTP was mainly transported by passive diffusion within the tested concentration range, while fluorine in RTP had an active transport at a higher concentration. In conclusion, in the intestinal epitheliums model, the fluorine in the dark tea has lower bioavailability than that in NaF, and the binding form of the fluorine in the dark tea might affect its bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are important immune effector cells with significant plasticity and heterogeneity in the body immune system, and play an important role in normal physiological conditions and in the process of inflammation. It has been found that macrophage polarization involves a variety of cytokines and is a key link in immune regulation. Targeting macrophages by nanoparticles has a certain impact on the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Due to its characteristics, iron oxide nanoparticles have been used as the medium and carrier for cancer diagnosis and treatment, making full use of the special microenvironment of tumors to actively or passively aggregate drugs in tumor tissues, which has a good application prospect. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of reprogramming macrophages using iron oxide nanoparticles remains to be further explored. In this paper, the classification, polarization effect and metabolic mechanism of macrophages were firstly described. Secondly, the application of iron oxide nanoparticles and the induction of macrophage reprogramming were reviewed. Finally, the research prospect and difficulties and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles were discussed to provide basic data and theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of the polarization effect of nanoparticles on macrophages.