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The harmless treatment and resource utilization of spent cathode carbon from the overhaul slag of aluminum electrolytic cells is the bottleneck for achieving green and sustainable development in the electrolytic aluminum industry. The migration patterns of toxic components and toxic elements in spent cathode carbon for aluminum electrolysis are introduced. The technical principle, research status, advantages and disadvantages of high temperature fire method, liquid-phase leaching method and collaborative treatment method are summarized, and the future development trend is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]