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To make full use of the population's global statistics information, this paper introduced estimation of distribution algorithm into binary artificial bee colony algorithm, and proposed a binary artificial bee colony algorithm based on estimation of distribution algorithm. It guided the candidate solution by the global statistics information from the estimation of distribution algorithm, which could enhance the global exploration ability. It designed the multidimensional update strategy in the discrete domain, which quickens convergence speed and reduces the computational complexity. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional binary artificial bee colony algorithm, the performances of the improved algorithm are better in the optimization accuracy, convergence speed and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the global exploration ability of the binary artificial bee colony algorithm, a binary artificial bee colony algorithm based on estimation of distribution is proposed. The proposed algorithm is applied on the optimal multi-user detection technique, and the multi-user detection scheme based on the algorithm is designed. The algorithm directly adopts the multi-dimensional neighborhood search strategy in the discrete domain, thus quickening the convergence speed and avoiding the conversion from continuous domain to discrete domain. Meanwhile, it makes use of the global statistics information obtained by estimation of distribution to generate the candidate solutions. The simulation results show that, compared with the conventional detectors, the convergence speed of the designed detector is faster, the bit error rate and the near-far resistance ability is significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a novel blind deconvolution algorithm based on PSO to remove the convolution effect for sound signals in communication channel. It used the temporal predictability as the measure of deconvolution and used PSO for optimizing the cost function based on it. Then, the filter coefficient for deconvolution could be got and the signals could be deconvoluted successfully. Simulation results show that the deconvolution property of the algorithm for sound signals is good. The values of correlation coefficient and signal-to-noise ratio between recovered signals and source signals are all high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judicial Interpretation about Travel Disputes" comes up with the concept of "travel auxiliary servants" for the first time. Comparing to the concept of implementing the aid-party in comparative law, its meaning is greatly limited. On the one hand, travel auxiliary servants are required to have contracts with travel operators and on the other hand, the provider of public transportation is excluded. For the instance of providing defective performances that bring up damage to tourists' rights by travel auxiliary servants, rights and obligations between the three are thus complex. Travel operators should bear the liability for the breach of contract for travelers, travel auxiliary servants should bear liability in tort for travelers and travel auxiliary servants should bear the liability for the breach of contract for travel operators. Due to the right to recover holding by travel operators, travel auxiliary servants usually undertake the final responsibility. Therefore, travel operators and travel auxiliary servants shoulder the untrue joint and several liability for travelers and travelers can only bring a lawsuit to one party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore molecular mechanisms by which umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress the development of GVHD after bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation., Methods: A mouse model of aGVHD was constructed after bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured, and then injected into the aGVHD mouse model, so as to investigate its prophylactic efficacy. Prophylactic effect of the exosomes isolated from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on aGVHD mice was assessed. Sequencing analysis of miRNA from exosomes was performed., Results: aGVHD model was successfully constructed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By injecting umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the GVHD mouse model, it was found that the treatment significantly prolonged survival time of mice compared to the untreated group. Injection exosomes derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the GVHD mouse model significantly prolonged the survival time of mice compared to the untreated group. High-throughput sequencing data showed that microRNA such as miR-21 in exosomes isolated from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which mainly affected the signaling pathways such as cell adhesion, RNA degradation., Conclusion: The umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells can prevent the occurrence of aGVHD after HSCT, which is mediate by MicroRNA in the exosomes derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background and Objective: The therapeutic effects of chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms are still unsatisfactory. This study was to evaluate the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer tissues to therapeutic agents using histoculture drug response assay (HDRA), and explore the correlation of chemosensitivity to the expression levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes and proteins., Methods: Twenty-two specimens of colorectal cancer were collected. The inhibition rates of single agents, including epirubicin, cisplatin (DDP), oxaliplatin, 5-FU, taxetere, irinotecan, and combinations of these agents, including 5-FU+epirubicin+DDP, 5-FU+irinotecan, 5-FU+oxaliplatin, 5-FU+taxetere+ DDP on colorectal cancer tissues were evaluated by HDRA. The agent whose inhibition rate was greater than 30% was considered sensitive, and the sensitivity was calculated. mRNA and protein levels of MDR genes and proteins in colorectal cancer tissues were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry., Results: Among the single agents, the inhibition rate of oxaliplatin (17.5%) and sensitivity of cancer tissues to 5-FU (36.4%) were the highest. In the combination groups of agents, the inhibition rate of 5-FU+ oxaliplatin (54.1%), and sensitivity of cancer tissues to 5-FU+epirubicin+DDP (71.4%) and to 5-FU+taxetere+DDP (71.4%) were the highest. The inhibition rates of and sensitivity of cancer tissues to combined agents were higher than those of single agents (P<0.05). Expressions of MDR1, multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1), ABC-binding cassette transporter superfamily-G-2 (ABCG2) mRNA were detected in 88.9%, 55.6% and 55.6% of specimens respectively; while those of MDR1, MRP1 and ABCG2 proteins were detected in 55.6%, 33.3%, and 50.0% of specimens respectively. Expressions of mRNA and proteins had no correlation in MDR1, MRP1 and ABCG2 (P>0.05). High expression of ABCG2 protein was correlated to the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to epirubicin (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Expressions of MDR proteins are correlated to chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer to some extents. By combining HDRA with measurement of MDR genes and proteins, chemosensitivity of individual tumors may be predicted to guide selection of effective chemotherapeutic agents.

This study was purposed to investigate the expression of annexin II in patients with hematologic malignancies and its role in genesis and development of hematologic malignancies. The expression levels of annexin II in bone marrow cells from untreated 81 patients with acute leukemia, 6 patients with MM and 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia were detected by real-time PCR assay. The results showed that the expression of annexin II mRNA significantly increased in M(3) patients as compared with others, the expression of annexin II gene in groups M(5), MM, M(4) were higher than that of other groups except M(3) group, and there were no significant difference in expression of annexin II gene between M(1) + M(2) groups and controls. It is concluded that the expression of annexin II gene significantly increased in patients M(5), M(4), MM, who showed higher ratio of infiltration than other patients. It is inferred that the annexin II participates in invasion and infiltration of hematologic malignancies probably through enhancing the degradation of extracellular matrix by cells of hematologic malignancies.

Background and Objective: The therapeutic effects of chemotherapy on gastric cancer are still unsatisfactory. Predicting chemosensitivity of tumors as therapeutic guidance could help to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. This study was to evaluate the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer to single or combined therapeutic agents by histoculture drug response assay, to evaluate the expression levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes and proteins and analyze their correlations to the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer., Methods: The inhibitory effects of single agents, including epirubicin, cisplatin (DDP), oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), taxetere, irinotecan, and combined regimens, including 5-FU, epirubicin plus DDP, 5-FU plus irinotecan, 5-FU plus oxaliplatin, and 5-FU, taxetere plus DDP, on 22 specimens of gastric cancer were evaluated by histoculture drug response assay. The mRNA and protein expression of MDR1, MRP1 and ABCG2 in gastric cancer were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry., Results: The inhibition rate of gastric cancer by 5-FU (29.8%) and sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU (50.0%) were the highest among single agents; the inhibition rate of gastric cancer by 5-FU, taxetere plus DDP (59.8%) and sensitivity to 5-FU, epirubicin plus DDP (77.3%) were the highest among combined regimens; combined regimens achieved higher inhibition rate and sensitivity as compared with single agents (P<0.05). The positive rates of MDR1, MRP1, and ABCG2 mRNA were 90.9%, 54.5%, and 77.3%; the positive rates of MDR1, MRP1, and ABCG2 proteins were 36.4%, 54.5%, and 36.4%. High expression of MDR proteins in gastric cancer was related with the resistance to epirubicin (P<0.05)., Conclusion: High expression of MDR1, MRP1, ABCG2 proteins in gastric cancer is related with the resistance to epirubicin, which indicates that these MDR genes may play a role in conferring the drug resistance to epirubicin.

Objective: The Human papillomavirus type 18L1 (HPV18L1) gene was synthesized by overlapping PCR after optimization using plant preferred codons., Methods: The gene sequences of HPV18L1 were obtained from GenBank and analyzed using DNAMAN, Lasergene, Vector NTI and BLAST. The target sequence was selected and modified using plant preferred codons by the Synthetic Gene Designer and JCat (Java Codon Adaptation Tool) with the addition of a His-tag to the C-terminus to construct the full-length modified HPV18L1 (mHPV18L1). mHPV18L1 was divided into 5 large segments, namely LS1 to LS5, with sizes ranging from 204 to 477 bp. Forty-three small oligonucleotide fragments with sizes of 57-59 bp and 6 pairs of primers were designed and synthesized. mHPV18L1 was amplified by overlapping PCR and subcloned into pMD18-T vector. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction enzymes digestion and sequencing., Results: mHPV18L1 was successfully assembled using overlapping PCR. The results of digestion with restriction enzymes and PCR amplification confirmed that the recombinant vector pMD18T- mHPV18L1 contained the inserts with expected size of 1749 bp. mHPV18L1 sequence was confirmed by sequencing., Conclusion: mHPV18L1 with plant preferred codons and the recombinant vector pMD18T- mHPV18L1 have been obtained.

Background & Objective: Studies have shown that estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), which is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, is related to tumor metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, and plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study was to explore the effect of tamoxifen (TAM) on apoptosis and MMP-7 expression in ERbeta-positive human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29., Methods: After exposure to TAM, the proliferation of HT-29 cells was detected by MTT assay; cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry; expressions of ERbeta and MMP-7 were measured by Western blot., Results: TAM significantly inhibited cell growth of HT-29 in a time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h )-and dose (0, 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5),0 10(-4) mol/L )-dependent manner. TAM exposure caused significant cell apoptosis of HT-29 cells at the concentration of 10(-4) mol/L [(69.9+/-4.2)%]. Moreover, TAM could bind to ERbeta to down-regulate MMP-7 protein expression in HT-29 cells., Conclusion: High concentration of TAM can inhibit the proliferation of ERbeta-positive HT-29 cells, and effectively bind with ERbeta to down-regulate MMP-7 expression.