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Objective: To analyze the clinical features of 1 case of bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF) secondary to mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis., Methods: The clinical, auxiliary examinational and pathological data of 1 case with BEF were presented, and the literatures were reviewed., Results: The patient was a 19 year old female, who was admitted to hospital because of fever and cough associated with liquid intake. It was diagnosed by chest CT scan, endobronchial ultrasound biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes, and clinical testing (methylene blue). The BEF was closed after anti-tuberculosis therapy and preventing contamination of the fistula by indwelling stomach tube., Conclusions: Bronchoesophageal fistula secondary to mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis is rare. Chest CT scan, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and clinical testing (methylene blue) are useful diagnostic tools for BEF.

At present, flow-injection chemiluminescence is of high sensitivity, fast analysis, low cost, wide linear response range, and simplified operation for trace analysis, and makes a feature of fast development and wide application. As a trace analysis method, it is infiltrated in diverse areas. The principle and characteristics of flow-injection chemiluminescence were expounded, and the chemiluminescence systems were introduced in detail in the present article. The research developments, which were mainly about drug analysis, environment monitoring and life sciences examination, were summarized, at home and abroad. The application situations of the method were briefed from aspects of determination of sample, the reaction medium, chemiluminescence systems, the linearity range, and the detection limit. Finally, the author proposed suggestions in view of this method to address the ongoing problems, and prospected broad application of flowing injection chemiluminescence in drug analysis, immunoassay, mineralogical analysis, environment monitoring, clinical medicine and life sciences.

The interaction mechanism of nucleic acid with small organic molecules plays an important role in the recognition of the structure and function of nucleic acids, which can also reveal the biological function of nucleic acids and the mechanism of some drugs. Research on the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules plays an important part in simulating the life process and exploring the essence of life. In the present article, detailed description of the fluorescence spectroscopy research methods used in this field is presented. The fluorescence quenching types of the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules (including dyes and drugs) are discussed. There are many factors influencing the fluorescence quenching type, including the temperature, the rate constant of bimolecular quenching process, the fluorescence lifetime, changes of the absorption spectra and so on. So according to different affecting factors, the fluorescence quenching type can be determined based on corresponding theories. Many different kinds of calculation methods are also summarized, including the calculations of the binding constant, the distance between fluorescence donor and receptor, the interaction force type and the binding mode of nucleic acid with small organic molecules. Furthermore, the formation constant of nucleic acid with small organic molecules is studied with different binding numbers. These conclusions have guiding significance for studying the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules. These results can also provide guidance for the development of new nucleic acid probe, and the design of new drug molecules, of which nucleic acid is the important target.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism (PE) in different age-groups and to analyze prognostic factors of PE., Methods: Data of 209 PE patients diagnosed in our hospital from 2004 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively., Results: Of the 209 patients with PE, 95 subjects (45.5%) were over the age of 65, and 114 were ≤ 65 years. The third leading comorbidity were activity limitation that were banding in bed, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neoplasm and hypertension, accounting for 42.1%, 24.4% and 21.5%, respectively. The typical clinical presentations included dyspnea(83.7%), cough (74.2%), chest pain (29.2%), haemoptysis (15.3%) and syncope (3.8%). In 186(92.1%) patients, D-dimer was above the normal level, 37.8% (79) and 54.0% (81/150) subjects were found having got a venous thrombosis in lower extremity and pulmonary hypertension, respectively by using ultrasonic visualization. 16.7% (35) and 80.9% (169) had received thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy, respectively. The death rate of PE was 6.7%. A difference in clinical characteristics was observed between younger and older patients. The later had more comorbidity such as COPD, neoplasm and hypertension, the older patients had fewer complaints of chest pain, haemoptysis, fever, hypotension and typical electrocardiogram (ECG), but had more cough with sputum, pulmonary rales and lower extremity edema, in comparison to the younger patients. The older PE patients were less likely to suffer from large thrombosis and pulmonary infarction, and to received thrombolytic therapy. Multivariate logistic regression showed that PaO(2) < 60 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), having pulmonary rales, having abnormal neutrophilic granulocyte counts, not receiving thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy, suffering from emergency rescue, having comorbidities with tumor and pneumonia were important prognostic factors., Conclusion: The clinical features of PE were various and non-specific. More attention should be paid to PE patients, in particular to older patients who usually had more comorbidities and non-specific clinical manifestations.

Objective: To describe the clinical features and diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)., Methods: Three cases of ABPA from this hospital were presented. Chinese Biomedical Disk (CBM-Disk) was searched to identify Chinese ABPA cases from 1991 to 2008, and a retrospective analysis of all the cases was made., Results: Fifty-seven cases of ABPA were collected, including 33 male and 24 female patients, with a mean age of (41 +/- 15) yrs. The main clinical manifestations included cough (n = 51), expectoration (n = 50), wheeze (n = 47), dyspnea (n = 44), fever (n = 33), hemoptysis (n = 28), sputum plugs (n = 18), chest pain (n = 13) and weight loss (n = 8). Forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) was (64 +/- 25)% predicted, and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) was (63 +/- 11)%. Chest CT was performed in 33 cases. Patchy infiltration was present in 32, central bronchiectasis in 25, mucoid impaction (glover-finger/band linear opacities) in 12, nodular opacities in 11, consolidation in 8 and mediastinal adenopathy in 13 cases, while 24 cases presented fleeting infiltrations., Conclusion: ABPA is a rare disease. Measurement of total IgE, A. fumigatus-specific IgE, and immediate cutaneous reaction to A. fumigatus are help for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Objective: To describe a case of lymphoma presenting with multi-organ involvement, and to review similar cases reported in the English and Chinese literatures since 1994., Methods: The clinical and pathological features of a patient admitted to our hospital on September 6, 2007 with lymphoma presenting with some unusual clinical symptoms including subcutaneous nodules, pleural effusion and orbital tumor were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed., Results: The patient was a 60-year-old male. The primary manifestations were subcutaneous nodules. The reason for his hospitalization was pleural effusion. Orbital tumor was present. Computed tomography of the chest and the abdomen reveal systemic lymphadenopathy. Lymphoma was proved by pathological study., Conclusions: Complicated clinical manifestations of lymphoma may have multi-system involvement. Lymphoma with extranodal presentations as the first sign may lead to misdiagnosis.

Porphyrin and metalloporphyrin distribute widely in nature and they play an important role in the life. Synthesis of porphyrin compounds with special function has been the focus of attention. In the present paper, porphyrin and metalloporphyrin compound were synthesized by the following method: by one-step synthesis, tetra-(dimethylaminophenyl) porphyrin (T(DMAP) P) was synthesized with propionic acid, acetic acid and nitrobenzene as solvent and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and pyrrole as raw material. The yield was 24.24%. The complexes of T(DMAP)P with Zn2+, Mn2+ and Tb3+ were synthesized by solvent of chloroform-N, N dimethylformamide (1 : 1). The effects of solvent, temperature and reaction time on the reaction were discussed. Optimum proportion between porphyrin and metallic salts was studied also and the molar ratios of T(DMAP)P to Zn (CH3COO)2 x 2H2O, T(DMAP)P to MnCl2 x 4H2O, and T(DMAP)P to TbCl3 were 1 : 1.2, 1 : 1.4, 1 : 1.5, respectively. The synthesis of metalloporphyrins under mild conditions is simper with high yield (94.2%, 91.7% and 90.5% for T(DMAP) P combined with Zn2+ , Mn2+ and Tb3+ respectively) and the unstability of metalloporphyrin could be avoided. The constitution and structures of these compounds were studied by elemental analyses, infrared spectrum (IR), and ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis). The conductivity of porphyrin compound with different concentration and temperature was studied. It was found that the molar conductivity of T(DMAP)P-TbCl(74.6 s x cm(-2) mol(-1)) was greater than that of T(DMAP)P-Zn (8. 8 s x cm(-2) x mol(-1)) and T(DMAP)P-Mn (25.8 s X cm(-2) mol(-1)). So T(DMAP) P-TbCl could be regarded as the 1 : 1 electrolyte compound while T(DMAP)P-Zn and T(DMAP)P-Mn were non-electrolyte compounds. The influences of different metal ions on the reaction were investigated. The discussion was concentrated on the molecular spectra of porphyrin and metalloporphyrin. Compared with tetraphenyl porphyrin, the absorption of T(DMAP) P and its metal complexes had red-shifts due to the substituent groups and metal ions. When the porphyrin rings were occupied by metal ions, the number of Q band decreased and the absorption peak intensity decreased. Among these metalloporphyrin compounds, the maximum absorption of T(DMAP)P-TbCl had the biggest red-shifts and could be used as ideal photosensitizer.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and chronic dyspnea and the effect of bronchodilator on EFL in patients with bronchial asthma., Methods: Sixty-five patients with bronchial asthma were treated for pre- and post-bronchodilation of 400 microg salbutamol., Results: EFL was detected in 26 (40%) of the 65 bronchial asthma patients, 11 only in supine position and 15 in both sitting and supine positions. There was a significant difference in FEV(1) percentage of the predicted value (FEV(1)% pred) between patients with and without EFL (t = 5.822, P < 0.01); the mean values of FEV(1)% pred in non-EFL group and EFL group was (77 +/- 18)% and (52 +/- 15)% respectively, and the value was lowest in patients who showed EFL both in seated and supine positions [(43 +/- 12)%]; the mean values of FEV(1)% pred in those showing EFL only in sitting position (S-EFL) and both in sitting and supine position (SS-EFL) were (64 +/- 10)% and (43 +/- 12)% respectively (t = 2.283, 6.694 respectively, P < 0.01, < 0.05). Both three-point EFL and five-point EFL were significantly correlated with FEV(1) (r = -0.637, -0.630 respectively, all P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between as proposed by the Canadian Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale and FEV(1) (r = -0.501, P < 0.01), and a significant positive correlation between dyspnea scale and 3-point EFL and five-point EFL (r = 0.627, 0.636 respectively, all P < 0.01). After salbutamol, of the 17 patients having EFL and < 70% pre FEV(1) at baseline, EFL completely reversed in 9, and changed from SS-EFL to S-EFL in 5, with significant improvements in 3-point and 5-point EFL as compared with before salbutamol (t = 6.769, 6.010 respectively, all P < 0.01)., Conclusions: EFL as measured by NEP (negative expiratory pressure) technique may be more useful in the evaluation of dyspnea in bronchial asthma patients than routine lung function measurements. The EFL in bronchial asthma patients is reversible after bronchodilator administration.

Objective: To investigate the effects of chronic mild and moderate iodine excess on thyroid oxidative injury and anti-oxidative ability of iodine deficiency and non-iodine deficiency Wistar rats., Methods: Four-week-old Wistar rats were fed with iodine deficient diet for three months to make iodine deficient goiter models, then divided randomly into three groups: iodine deficient control group (Group IDC) fed with double distilled water, iodine-supplement group I (Group IS I) fed with potassium iodate solutions with the iodine concentrations of 100 microg/L, and iodine-supplement group II (Group IS II), fed with potassium iodate solution with the iodine concentrations of 330 microg/L. Another four-week-old Wistar rats were fed with normal diet for three months, and then divided randomly into three groups: normal control group (NC) fed with double distilled water, iodine-excess group I (IEI) fed with potassium iodate solution with the iodine concentration of 300 microg/L, and iodine-excess group II (Group IEII), fed with potassium iodate solution with the iodine concentration of 660 microg/L. 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after treatment samples of urine were collected to detect the median urine iodine (MUI), samples of plasma were collected from the hearts of 8-14 rats from each group and then rats were killed. Their thyroid glands were taken out to measure the wet weight and made into homogenate. Biochemical method was used to measure the activities of glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-P(X)) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the contents of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 in the homogenates of thyroid glands., Results: The GSH-P(X) activity 2 weeks after treatment of Group IS II was significantly lower than that of Group IDC (P < 0.05), and the GSH-P(X) activity 4 weeks after treatment of Group IS I was significantly lower than that of Group IDC (P < 0.001). The activities of GSH-P(X) 4, 8, and 24 weeks after treatment of Groups IS I and IS II were all lower than those of Group C at the same time points significantly (P < 0.001, < 0.01, and < 0.05 respectively). The activities of SOD were decreased gradually in Groups IS I and IS II and were significantly lower than those of Group IDC since 8 weeks after treatment (P < 0.001 or < 0.05). The SOD activities in thyroid glands of Groups IEI and IEII since 8 weeks after treatment decreased significantly in comparison with Group NC (all P < 0.01 or < 0.001). The contents of H2O2 in thyroid glands of Groups IS I and IS II were significantly lower than those of Group IDC at different time points (P < 0.001, < 0.01, or < 0.05), and were significantly lower than those of Group NC 8 and 24 weeks after treatment (P < 0.001 or < 0.01). The contents of MDA in thyroid glands since 2 weeks after treatment of Group IEI were all significantly lower than those of Group IDC at the same time points (all P < 0.05), and the content of MDA in thyroid glands since 1 week after treatment of Groups IS II were all significantly lower than those of Group IDC at the same time points (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Supplementation of 100 microg/L and 330 microg/L iodine on iodine deficiency Wistar rats may alleviate the oxidative injury but weaken the anti-oxidative protection of thyroid. The anti-oxidative protection of thyroid glands of non-iodine deficiency Wistar rats may also be weakened by supplementation of 300 microg/L and 660 microg/L iodine.