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ObjectiveTo explore the independent risk factors that affect the overall survival (OS) of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, ≥60 years old) and build a nomogram prediction model. MethodsClinical data of all elderly patients with HCC from the SEER database from 2005 to 2020 were downloaded from SEER database. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the screened patients were randomly assigned to a training group (70%) and a validation group (30%). The independent risk factors of elderly patients with HCC were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and further validated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. On the basis of the determined variables, nomograms were developed and verified to predict the OS of elderly patients with HCC at 6, 12, and 24 months. The consistency index (C index), calibration curve, receiver’s operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency and discrimination ability of the prediction model, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the potential clinical application value of the nomogram. ResultsA total of 1134 elderly patients with HCC were included, with 793 in the training group and 341 in the validation group. Seven variables, including age, clinical grade, clinical stage, M stage, tumor size classification, and radiotherapy, were identified as independent prognostic factors of this population. The constructed nomogram shows excellent prediction performance, with C indices of 0.745 in the training group and 0.704 in the validation group. The AUC values of the training group at 6, 12, and 24 months were 0.785, 0.788, and 0.798, respectively, and those of the validation group were 0.780, 0.725, and 0.607, respectively. The calibration curve shows good consistency from the predicted survival probability to the actual probability. The ROC curve and DCA show that the nomogram proposed in this study has good prediction ability. ConclusionAge, clinical grade, clinical stage, M stage, tumor size classification, and radiotherapy are important influencing factors for the survival of elderly patients with HCC. The prediction model of prognosis nomogram constructed in this study has good predictive value, and it can be used to predict the OS of elderly patients with HCC, which could be helpful for individualized survival assessment and clinical management of these patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of remimazolam (RE) on myocardial injury in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) rats and its mechanism. Methods The MI/R rat model was constructed and divided into sham group, MI/R model group, RE low, medium, high dose group (RE-L, RE-M, RE-H group)and Yes associated protein(YAP) inhibitor verteporfin group. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS) were recorded in each group and commercially available kit was applied to detect the level of myocardial injury marker like LDH, c-TnI and CK-MB. The size of myocardial infarction was evaluated by TTC staining. Pathological changes in myocardial tissue was microscopied by HE staining.The apoptosis of myocardial cell was observed by TUNEL method. Expression of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway proteins in myocardial tissue was detected by Western blot. Results Compared to the sham surgery group, the myocardial structure of rats in the model group was disrupted,myocardial cells were reduced, the LVFS and LVEF were decreased, the expression of YAP was greatly reduced. The level of serum LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, myocardial infarction area, myocardial cell apoptosis rate, p-MST1/MST1, p-LATS1/LATS1 and p-YAP expression were all significantly increased(P＜0.05); As compared to model group, the pathological change in myocardial tissue of rats in the low, medium, and high-dose RE groups was greatly reduced. The LVFS and LVEF were increased. The expression of YAP was significantly increased. The serum level of LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, the myocardial infarction area, myocardial cell apoptosis rate, p-MST1/MST1, p-LATS1/LATS1 and p-YAP expression were evidently reduced (P＜0.05). The YAP inhibitor verteporfin reversed the improvement effect of RE on myocardial injury in MI/R rats. Conclusions RE may improve cardiac function in MI/R rats, alleviate myocardial infarction and myocardial cell apoptosis and inhibit myocardial injury by regulating the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway.

Objective: Investigate the effects of Lonicera caerulea anthocyanin complex liquid preparation (compound made of Lonicera caerulea L., Polygonatum sibiricum, Inonotus obliquus, LPI) on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) mice. Methods: T2D model in mice was constructed by high-fat feeding combined with streptozotocin. The mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Blank control group, diabetes model group, low, middle and high dose sample group and metformin positive control group. After continuous intervention for 28 days, the body mass data and physiological and biochemical indexes of mice were measured and recorded, and the pathological observation of the organs of mice was performed. Results: Each dose group of LPI could increase the weight of T2D mice, improve the symptoms of organ injury, significantly reduce serum insulin level (P

Research on the stereochemistry of natural products, especially that of flexible macrocyclic molecules, has always been a huge challenge. Cembranes diterpenoids are a typical class of flexible macrocyclic molecules, whose configurations are often determined by coupling constant and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), both of which are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters with local character. The development of methods such as residual dipolar coupling (RDC) and quantum chemical calculations has further expanded the toolbox for solving stereochemical problems. RDC, as an NMR parameter with non-local character, has not only been reported in the structure construction and function research of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, but has also gradually been applied to the configuration determination of natural products, contributing significantly to the stereochemical research on drug molecules. At present, there are few reports of RDC application in determining the configurations of cembranes diterpenoids. Here, the stereochemical configuration of sinulariol Z is investigated by RDC for the first time and confirmed by X-ray diffraction, further demonstrating the feasibility of RDC in the stereochemical study on cembranes diterpenoids.

Objective In order to deal with the potential security threats caused by the complex connections between various subsystems in urban rail transit system, China Urban Rail Transit Association proposes that physical security isolation should be implemented between the safety production network and the external service network. Under the existing transmission method, problems such as packet loss and bit error often occur during one-way data transmission, and new methods need to be sought to improve the reliability of one-way data transmission in urban rail transit. Method The transmission principle and existing problems of the one-way security isolation system, as well as the proxy and session configuration in the one-way security gateway are described. The judgment methods of three types of transmission anomalies (proxy order disorder, session order confusion and transmission timeout) are analyzed. A data transmission method based on information backup is proposed, and the header format of backup information is built. The technical process of checking transmission anomalies by the data transmission method based on information backup technology is formulated, which is verified by experiments. Result & Conclusion This method can effectively solve the problem of low reliability of one-way data transmission of urban rail transit.

Objective The main defects on metro tunnel inner wall are cracks and water seepage. Current detection methods based on manual and semi-automatic equipment have problems such as high intensity, low efficiency, and low reliability. The intelligence-based detection/identification algorithm and detection system should be studied to realize informative and intelligent detection for metro tunnel lining defects. Method The current status of metro tunnel defect inspection technology is analyzed, and a set of algorithms applicable to the identification of metro tunnel lining defects are put forward, mainly including image processing algorithm, defect category detection algorithm, and defect grading detection algorithm, etc. Four indexes are chosen to evaluate the detection effect of the identification algorithm. Furthermore, an intelligent detection system for metro tunnel lining defects based on deep learning method is established from both software and hardware aspects. Finally, the system is implemented on Beingjing Metro Line 3 to analyze the reliability of its on-site application. Result & Conclusion After the application of the intelligent detection system, the detection rate of metro tunnel lining crack defects reaches 91.95% with a false detection rate of 0.89%. The detection rate of seepage defect is 93.83% and the false detection rate 0.65%. This system can be used as the core intelligent detection platform of metro tunnel, effectively detecting various defects in metro tunnel.

With the development of social networks, humans express their emotions in different ways, including text, vision and speech, i.e., multimodal. In response to the failure of previous multimodal sentiment analysis methods to effectively obtain multimodal sentiment feature representations and the failure to fully consider the impact of redundant information on experiments during multimodal feature fusion, a multimodal sentiment analysis model based on cross-modal semantic information enhancement is proposed. Firstly, the model adopts BiLSTM network to mine the contextual information within each unimodal mode. Secondly, the information interaction between multiple modalities is modeled through the cross-modal information interaction mechanism to obtain six kinds of information interaction features, namely, text-to-speech and vision, speech-to-text and vision, and vision-to-text and speech, and then the same information interaction features of the target modalities are spliced together to obtain the information-enhanced unimodal feature vectors, which can efficiently obtain the shared and complementary in-depth semantic features between modalities. In addition, the semantic correlations between the original unimodal feature vectors and the information-enhanced unimodal feature vectors are computed separately using the multi-head self-attention mechanism, which improves the ability of identifying the key sentiment features and reduces the negative interference of the redundant information on the sentiment analysis. Experimental results on the public datasets CMU-MOSI (CMU multimodal opinion level sentiment intensity) and CMU-MOSEI (CMU multimodal opinion sentiment and emotion intensity) show that the proposed model can both enhance sentiment feature representation and effectively reduce the interference of redundant information, and it outperforms related works in terms of multimodal sentiment classification accuracy and generalization ability.

Objective: To extract Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) from Astragalus membranaceus using compound enzymes (including papain, pectinase and cellulase), and to analyze the effect of process conditions on APS extraction. Methods: Orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the proportion of compound enzymes. The response surface method was used to optimize the conditions of extracting APS with compound enzymes. The optimal process condition was obtained, and the α-glucosidase-inhibiting effect of APS was evaluated by pNPG method. Results: For 5 g of Astragalus herbs, the optimal ratio of papain, pectinase and cellulase were 88000 U, 65000 U and 6000 U, respectively. The optimal extraction condition was as follows: time of 2.82 h, temperature at 60.34 ℃, pH of 5.11, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:34.46 g/mL. The yield of APS under the optimal condition was up to 22.79%±0.14%. The half-inhibition concentration (IC50) of APS for α-glucosidase was 7.42 μg/mL. Conclusion: The yield of APS by compound enzymes is significantly higher than that by single enzymes, and APS can effectively inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase.

In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of β-carotene on lipid oxidation in Pickering emulsion, the Pickering emulsions embedded with β-carotene were prepared using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as an emulsifier. The DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging rates were used as evaluation indices to examine the antioxidant properties of β-carotene, both before and after embedding. The oxidative and coloring stability of the embedded β-carotene emulsions was investigated by measuring the β-carotene embedding and retention rate, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, and color difference. The results showed that the β-carotene embedded in the emulsions had a good scavenging effect on DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals. The retention of β-carotene in the emulsions significantly decreased (P

From January 31 to February 6 (P1, hereinafter) and from February 19 to February 25, 2024 (P2, hereinafter), China experienced two large-scale and sustained low temperature, rainfall/snowfall, and freezing weather events, which seriously affected the Spring Festival transportation. This paper compared the two events using multi-source observations and ERA5 reanalysis data, with a particular focus on the mechanisms of the differences in precipitation intensity and the phases between rainfall, snowfall, and freezing rain in southern China. The results are as follows. (1) Both events exhibit extreme features in total precipitation and are accompanied by complex phase changes, with the range and the intensity of the freezing rain being the largest since 2009. Compared to P2, the intensity of freezing rain and the snow depth in P1 are greater. However, the range of freezing rain, the precipitation amount, and the convective intensity in P2 are greater. (2) Both the circulation patterns of the two events are affected by the high-altitude trough and low-level cold air. The southwest jet stream in front of the trough and the periphery of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is stable and significantly stronger than normal, providing sustained and abundant water vapor. The ascent of warm-humid air over a cold cushion and the horizontal convergence of low-level winds are crucial dynamic mechanisms for snowfall and rainfall. Besides, the stable maintenance of the inversion layer and the melting layer is the key to the occurrence of freezing rain and the changes in the precipitation phase. (3) Different mechanisms also exist in the two events. In P1, the air temperature in the freezing layer is between -4~0 ℃ in most areas, which is higher than that in P2 and is more conducive to the formation of freezing rain. In P2, the inversion zone is wide but moves more quickly, with a larger range while weaker freezing rain. In P2, the WPSH is located further northwest, favoring the strengthening and northward shift of the southwest warm-humid jet. Meanwhile, the strong cold wave also leads to a stronger cold cushion. The interaction between the cold and warm airs is conducive to the development of upward movement and the enhancement of precipitation. The longer duration of the melting layer leads to more cloud water content, but the temperature in the freezing layer is lower, which is beneficial for the formation of ice particles or wet snow.

Two persistent low temperature, rainfall/snowfall and freezing processes occurred in the central and eastern regions of China from January 1-4 and February 19-24, 2024, which are mainly characterized by precipitation of wide range, long duration, extreme rainfall amount, and complex precipitation phase, and combined with significantly low temperature. These events brought serious impacts on the traffic during the Spring Festival. Using observation data from the National Meteorological Information Center, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, this work analyzed the characteristics of the large-scale circulation anomaly to reveal the reasons for the northward movement of Western Pacific subtropical high and the stratospheric precursor signal of the strong cold air. The results show that: (1) The situation of "low in the west and high in the east" at 500 hPa over the Chinese mainland was conducive to the occurrence of sustained precipitation in the central and eastern regions. During the first process (from January 31 to February 6, 2024), there was no obvious blocking near the Ural Mountains. The second process (from February 19 to February 25, 2024) was sustained by the development of blocking high in the north of Lake Baikal. During both processes, the West Pacific subtropical high was stronger and further north than usual. Combined with the southern trough, it was conducive to the transport of warm and humid air to the central and eastern regions of China. The cold air at the lower level moved south and the warm and humid air climbed along the cold pad at the lower level, providing important dynamic lifting and temperature stratification conditions for a wide range of rain and snow. (2) The main source of water vapor for the first process was the abnormal westerly wind transport from the north of the Bay of Bengal. For the second process, the abnormal water vapor transport from the northwest Pacific contributed greater, with a stronger water vapor transport flux intensity. (3) The northward deviation of the West Pacific subtropical high was possibly influenced by the Rossby wave energy in the middle and upper troposphere from West Africa to Northern Europe propagating downstream in the middle latitudes and subtropical regions. (4) The descent of the stratospheric polar vortex occurring around the 3rd pentad of February 2024 could be used as a precursor signal for the cold wave activity of the second process. The descent of the stratospheric polar vortex was ahead of the troposphere, providing a new basis for forecasting the cold air activities in China during winter.

[Objective] As the most active component in forest soil, dissolved organic matter (DOM) can not only be directly utilized by microorganisms, but also be the main carrier for the migration of C, N, P and other elements in the ecosystem. The migration process is influenced by the hydraulic interactions and dissolving processes driven by throughfall. [Methods] Using soil column microcosm in situ culture to analyze the effects of forest throughfall on the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) across varying layers of sandy red soil during the rainy season. The study focused on a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest with rainfall as a control. [Results] (1) During the rainfall season, the DOM input of throughfall into soil increased significantly compared with rainfall(p

Objective To explore the effect of atractylodes macrocephala lactone Ⅲ (AML Ⅲ)on nerve injury of rats with cerebral infarction. Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group (modified Longa thrombus method to prepare rat cerebral infarction model), low and high dose of AML Ⅲ group (AMLⅢ-L,AMLⅢ-H) and high dose AML Ⅲ +EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) group (AMLⅢ-H-EX527). Neurological function was assessed by Zea-Longa score. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6, IL-1β) were measured by ELISA; The level of super oxide dismutase activity (SOD), malonaldehyde content (MDA), and catalase activity (CAT) in brain tissue was detected by commercially available kit; pathological changes of hippocampus tissue and the area of cerebral infarction were observed by HE staining and TTC staining microscopy respectively. Apoptosis of brain cells was identified by TUNEL staining; protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, SIRT1, and Nrf2 in rat brain tissue was detected by Western blot assay. Results After the intervention by AML Ⅲ, the pathological injury of hippocampus neurons in rats was alleviated. The neurological function score, serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels, apoptosis rate, cerebral infarction size,MDA level and Bax protein expression were all decreased. SOD and CAT activity, SIRT1, Nrf2, Bcl-2 and protein expression were all increased (P＜0.05); EX527 was able to alleviate the protective effect of AML Ⅲ on neural function damage in rats with cerebral infarction. Conclusions Atractylodes macrocephala lactone Ⅲ reduces the nerve function injury in rat models with cerebral infarction.

Objective To obtain the monitoring measurement range of quality indicators of red blood cells, plasma and derivatives and leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelets provided by blood stations in Hebei province, explore the distribution of monitoring values and the change of monitoring level, so as to further strengthen the homogenization construction of quality control laboratories in blood stations in Hebei. Methods In 2023, the sampling data of 12 blood stations in Hebei from 2015 to 2022 were collected, scatter plots were made and the range markers were set, and the "mean±SD" line was taken as the upper limit and lower limit of the measurement range. In 2024, the monitoring values in 2023 were added, and the changes of two measurement ranges were compared to analyze the stability and overall level. Results Comparison of the measurement range from 2015 to 2022 and the measurement range from 2015 to 2023 showed that the standard deviation of the content of deleukocyte suspension of red blood cells-hemoglobin, washed erythrocyte-hemoglobin, washed erythrocyte-supernatant protein, cryoprecipitate coagulation factor-FⅧ, fresh frozen plasma-FⅧ, leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelets-leukocyte residue and leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelet-red blood cell concentration decreased from 8.132 to 7.993, 6.252 to 6.104, 0.273 to 0.267, 57.506 to 56.276, 0.920 to 0.892, 0.653 to 0.644 and 2.653 to 2.603, respectively.The narrowing of the standard deviation range of the above items led to more concentrated monitoring values and reduced dispersion. Comparison of the measurement range from 2015 to 2022 and the measurement range from 2015 to 2023 showed that the mean value of leukocyte residue of the deleukocyte suspension of red blood cells, hemoglobin content of the wash erythrocyte, protein content of supernatant of the wash erythrocyte, hemolysis rate of the wash erythrocyte, FⅧ content of the cryoprecipitate coagulation factor, plasma protein content of the fresh frozen plasma, FⅧ content of the fresh frozen plasma, platelet content of the leukocyte-reduced apheresis platelets changed from 0.362 to 0.476, 44.915 to 44.861, 0.280 to 0.283, 0.137 to 0.142, 133.989 to 133.271, 60.262 to 60.208, 1.301 to 1.277 and 3.036 to 3.033, respectively, and was closer to the national standard line, which reflects an increase in the number of unqualified monitoring values or values close to the national standard line in 2023. The long-term qualified rate of coagulation items was low, and no improvement has been observed. The stability of biochemical items has been enhanced but overall deviation has occurred, with the average value close to the national standard line. The possibility of subsequent testing failure has increased. The counting items showed no obvious common characteristics. Conclusion The use of "mean±SD" in the analysis can visually display the distribution of monitoring values of different items in Hebei, forming an indicator measurement range covering the past nine years. It shows the characteristics of each item, and provides reference for subsequent quality control laboratory data analysis of each blood stations to takes active measures to improve the monitoring level.

Objective To explore the factors that affect the coordinated development of blood banks and apheresis plasma collection banks (hereinafter referred to as plasma banks), and explore feasible measures for the coordinated development of blood banks and plasma banks. Methods The blood information management system and blood source information management system were used to retrieve related data of blood and plasma donation from 9 cities in Shandong province from 2017 to 2021. The number of blood donors and plasma donors and the intersection of them were analyzed. The data analysis was performed using chi-square test, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the policies and information status, as well as expectations for coordinated development for blood and plasma donation. Results From 2017 to 2021, the total number of blood donors in 9 cities was higher than that of plasma donors, both have been increasing year by year, and the increase in plasma donors was significantly higher than that of blood donors (131.78% vs 23.90%, P

The coordinated arrangement of gas pre-drainage boreholes and anti-impact and pressure relief boreholes can integrate the prevention and control of mine rock burst and gas compound disasters. However, the dense arrangement of these boreholes may lead to the occurrence of phenomena such as string holes and collapse holes, which could potentially impact the efficiency of mine gas extraction. To investigate the deformation around borehole surface and the evolution of fractures during the compression failure process in the coal and rock masses with dual borehole structure, the 3D-DIC observation experiment was conducted on the coal samples containing double circular holes under uniaxial compression conditions using a digital image observation system for coal rock deformation and failure. This experiment yielded some time-series images of sample surface deformation under various stress states. The three-dimensional full-field deformation of the sample surface was calculated using the three-dimensional surface reconstruction technology and VIC3D analysis processing software. Based on the results of strain field analysis, the stress-strain curve was divided into five deformation stages using statistical index analysis methods, providing a detailed description of the deformation and fracture evolution characteristics around the borehole surface. The results show that under uniaxial compression, the grayscale of strain field in the coal samples with double circular holes shifts toward higher gray levels. The proportion of peaks in the strain field gray histogram changes slowly at first and then rapidly, with the peak stress serving as the boundary. The radial displacement curve around the sample holes presents a “从” shape, while the circumferential displacement curve presents a “人” shape. The left hole H1 always accelerates counterclockwise, while the right hole H2 always accelerates clockwise. The fractures around the holes are primarily characterized by counterclockwise dislocation, accompanied by a few instances of clockwise dislocation. The outer zone of strain localization primarily exhibits energy accumulation before the loading peak and energy release after the loading peak. This is accompanied by energy accumulation resulting from partial energy adjustment and transfer. During the loading process of the specimen, the factors such as the stress field environment, the geometry of fracture end, and the length of fracture undergo constant changes. This results in a reduction in the stress intensity factor KⅠ at the tip of the fracture, thereby impeding the expansion of the fracture.

The traditional geothermal reservoir volume method is suitable for the evaluation of geothermal resources in large-scale regions, but there is a significant error when it is used for the evaluation of mine geothermal resources. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the geothermal system of the Cambrian karst geothermal reservoir, i.e., heat sources, fluid channels, reservoirs, caprocks and the heat fluid in the Pingdingshan mining area, a conceptual model of geothermal genesis in the Pingdingshan coalfield was established. Based on the geothermal geological conditions and drilling data ground and underground in No.10 Coal Mine of Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co., LTD., a three-dimensional geological model of the strata in the study area was established using Groundwater Modeling System software. The distribution of Cambrian karst strata and its overburden strata was displayed, and the Cambrian karst strata space was gridded and digitized. The integrated geothermal reservoir volume method for evaluating geothermal resources in mines was proposed and used to estimate the static resource quantity of the Cambrian karst geothermal reservoir in the study area, and the dynamic resource quantity of the geothermal reservoir was also evaluated. The relationship curve between the geothermal reservoir resource quantity and water level elevation was obtained. A complete water quality analysis was conducted on the karst geothermal water in the study area, and the corrosiveness and scaling properties of the geothermal water were evaluated. The results show that the Cambrian carbonate strata in the study area are the karst geothermal reservoir, and the heat mainly comes from high-temperature rock mass deep in the Cambrian Zhushadong Formation; surface atmospheric precipitation enters the deep rock mass through Cambrian limestone outcrops and deep faults around the mining area, and is heated along the way and stored in Cambrian limestone, after which the water continue to receive the heat from deep bedrock and then forms a hydrothermal karst geothermal reservoir; the static hot water resource of Cambrian karst strata in the study area is 7.68 billion m3, containing heat of 1.19×1018 J; the heat contained in the rock is 3.25×1018 J, with a total geothermal resource of 4.44×1018 J; the recoverable geothermal resources are 6.66×1017 J, equivalent to 22.7 million tons of standard coal; the Cambrian karst hot water has slight corrosiveness, with a slight to moderate degree of scaling. Corrosion and scale prevention treatments are required for metal pipelines and containers of the geothermal water.

To address the challenges of fracture recognition in the CT scanning images of coal or rock, particularly the interference of gangue and the recognition of fractures at different scales, proposed and implemented a network model for coal-rock fracture extraction based on deep learning (MCSN). According to the U-Net architecture, the model utilized its encoder-decoder structure and skip connections to segment the fracture structure images from complex coal-rock body images. Firstly, the fracture structures in the CT scanning images were annotated manually using the internal scan images captured by a coal industrial CT scanning system. And the annotated original data was augmented to create a coal-rock CT fracture dataset. Subsequently, to make the extraction network of main features have a stronger extraction capability of fracture structure features, the weights of a pre-trained VGG16 model were transferred to the U-Net encoder through a transfer learning technique. Simultaneously, the decoder part of the U-Net model was improved using the deep separable dilated convolutional modules (DCAC) and residual modules to effectively boost the recognition capability of fracture structures in the CT images, demonstrating a superior segmentation accuracy and robustness. To validate the effectiveness of the coal-rock fracture extraction network model proposed, the results obtained by the MCSN were compared with those of classical convolutional neural networks and threshold segmentation methods. Experimental comparisons revealed a significant advantage of the model proposed in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The proposed model, employing a multi-scale fusion strategy, demonstrated the capability to effectively extract fractures in complex coal-rock images, thereby enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of fracture identification. The model was applied to the identification of fractures in roadway surrounding rock based on borehole imaging. Fracture extraction was performed through the analysis of borehole videos and planar unfolded images collected by a borehole imaging instrument. The results from both sources were cross-validated to obtain an accurate distribution of fractures in roadway surrounding rock. Furthermore, the model provides guidelines for the injection and sealing of boreholes, increasing volume fraction of coal seam gas extraction.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), as the oxides of the most abundant elements in rare earths, have been widely used in biomedical and industrial production and other fields that are closely related to human life. China is a large country in resources and production of rare earth, and the impact of CeO2 NPs on human health has been increasingly concerned. In response to the possible health risks of CeO2 NPs, researchers begin to focus on their toxic effects on living organisms, especially on the reproductive system. The male reproductive system is not only responsible for producing sperm and regulating the secretion of testosterone, but also plays a key role in maintaining male sexual characters and function. Any adverse effects on the male reproductive system may lead to reduced fertility and reproductive dysfunction. Some studies have shown that long-term exposure to CeO2 NPs may lead to gonadal damage, sex hormone disorders, and other problems in male animals. Therefore, an in-depth study of the potential effects of CeO2 NPs on the male reproductive system is of great scientific significance and practical value. In this study, we reviewed the male reproductive toxicity of CeO2 NPs in terms of spermatogenic cells, spermatozoa structure, blood-testis barrier, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and functional changes in epididymis, and analyzed the effects of the size and shape of physicochemical parameters of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity to male reproductive system. The findings will provide a theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the rational use of CeO2 NPs.

The development and application of nuclear energy is often considered as a potential solution to meet the increasing energy demand. However, it is important to acknowledge that the utilization of nuclear energy resources and the treatment of nuclear waste pollution pose significant challenges that require careful consideration and management. Therefore, it is crucial to address the challenges of uranium pollution treatment and uranium resource recovery to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear energy. The technology of photocatalytic reduction has been found to have a synergistic adsorption reduction ability, which allows it to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of single adsorption removal. As a result, photocatalytic reduction technology is widely recognized as having great potential in the removal and recycling of uranium in nuclear waste liquid. One of the key factors for the effective application of this technology is the acquisition of a catalyst with high photocatalytic reduction ability. Nitride carbon materials are considered an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic reduction of U（Ⅵ） due to their excellent photochemical properties, excellent physicochemical adjustability, and good chemical stability. However, the pure g-C3N4 photocatalyst still suffers from its low separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, which results in unsatisfactory photocatalytic activity. In recent years, research on modifying and applying carbon nitride has provided in-depth insights into the reduction of uranium through photocatalysis. Discussing the strategy of modifying C3N4, constructing heterojunction nanostructures, and utilizing them for the photocatalytic reduction of uranium, along with the mechanisms involved. This review summarizes the recent significant progress on the design of g-C3N4-based heterostructure photocatalysts and their special separation/transfer mechanisms of photogenerated charge carriers. On the one hand, according to the key steps of photocatalytic uranium reduction, modification strategies using g-C3N4 photocatalysts can be classified into the following groups: morphology modification, band-structure regulation, and heterostructure construction. Moreover, according to the different transfer mechanisms of photogenerated charge carriers between g-C3N4 and the coupled components, the g-C3N4-based heterostructure photocatalysts can be divided into the following categories: g-C3N4-based conventional Type-Ⅱ heterojunction, g-C3N4-based Z-scheme heterojunction, g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction, and g-C3N4/metal heterostructure. We also focused on the structure-activity relationship between the modification of photocatalytic materials based on carbon nitride and their photocatalytic reduction performance for U（Ⅵ）, as well as the mechanism of their catalytic reduction removal. Finally, this section offers concluding remarks and prospects for exploring the challenges and opportunities faced by advanced carbon nitride-based photocatalytic materials in the removal of uranium pollution and the recovery of uranium resources. It also provides directions for future breakthroughs.

With the rapid development of nuclear energy, uranium as the main element of nuclear energy production, its source has been widely explored. At present, uranium resources mainly come from uranium mining, and a lot of radioactive uranium containing wastewater is produced in the process of uranium mining. Until now, the treatment technology of uranium mine wastewater is still in the research and development stage in China, which leads to the storage of a large amount of uranium mine wastewater and the discharge of nuclear waste liquid, which poses a threat to human health and the environment due to the comprehensive effect of chemical toxicity and radiation toxicity. On the other hand, other metal cations in uranium wastewater, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, compete with U(Ⅵ) for active sites, making it difficult for most treatment methods to effectively recover uranium resources from uranium wastewater. Therefore, how to effectively treat radioactive uranium mine wastewater is full of challenges. Photocatalysis is a kind of green environmental protection technology with natural selectivity to non-variable valence ions, which can precipitate the soluble U(Ⅵ) in wastewater. The photocatalysis technology is expected to overcome the competition between metal cations and uranium for active sites, and realize the efficient extraction of U(Ⅵ) in uranium mine wastewater. In this study, ZIF-8-derived Zinc@iron oxide(D-ZnO@FexOy) heterostructures were prepared by impregnation of metal salt solution and high-temperature pyrolysis using ZIF-8 as a precursor for photoassisted reduction of U(Ⅵ) in uranium ore wastewater. The electron transport mode of D-ZnO@FexOy in S-scheme heterojunction is deduced by calculating the work function and band structure. Under photoexcitation, the direction of electron flow changes, the useless electrons and holes recombine at the interface, and the electrons and holes with strong redox ability are retained and participate in the photocatalytic reaction. Compared with D-ZnO and FexOy, this kind of spatially separated photogenerated electrons and holes have stronger redox ability and longer electron lifetime. Meanwhile, the internal electric field formed at the heterojunction interface can effectively enhance the directional electron migration, providing a strong power for promoting the photoassisted reduction of uranium. Therefore, compared with iron oxide(FexOy) and ZIF-8-derived ZnO(D-ZnO), the S-type heterostructure D-ZnO@FexOy exhibits stronger photoassisted uranium reduction ability(>95%) in the presence of multiple competing ions, and the material has good anti-interference and stability. High U(Ⅵ) removal performance(above 86%) is maintained after 5 cycles. The mechanism study shows that hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical are the main active species of photocatalytic reduction of U(Ⅵ). U(Ⅵ) is deposited on the surface of the material in the form of (UO2)O2•2H2O crystals. This study provides a valuable way to explore the photocatalyst with high efficiency photoelectron separation to reduce U(Ⅵ).

Objective To screen the risk factors related to primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) based on radiomics. Methods A total of 48 patients with PTN admitted to Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were selected. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the patients was measured, and the neurovascular compression model was constructed by head MRI examination. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to screen for risk factors associated with PTN, and the predictive efficacy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve according to the risk factors. Results Among 48 patients, 42 patients (87.50%) had unilateral lesions and 6 patients (12.50%) had bilateral lesions. The MAP was 56.89-120.44 mm Hg, with an average of (94.32 ± 11.34) mm Hg. The neurovascular compression model of 54 cases was divided into the affected side (n = 40) and the healthy side (n = 14) according to whether the disease occurred. The neurovascular compression area (Z = - 2.823, P = 0.005) and neurovascular pressure (Z = - 0.365, P = 0.006) on the affected side were greater than those on the healthy side. Logistic regression analyses showed that high neurovascular pressure (OR = 1.001, 95%CI: 1.0003-1.0022; P = 0.011) was a risk factor for PTN. ROC showed the area under the curve (AUC) of neurovascular compression area for predicting PTN was 0.747 (95%CI: 0.605-0.890, P = 0.006), the sensitivity was 42.50%, the specificity was 100%, and the cut-off value was 25.34 mm2. The AUC of neurovascular pressure was 0.755 (95%CI: 0.616-0.895, P = 0.005), the sensitivity was 67.50%, the specificity was 78.60%, and the cut - off value was 1672.99 mm Hg·mm2. Conclusions The neurovascular compression area and neurovascular pressure are important in the diagnosis of PTN.

The Sichuan Basin, located in southwestern China, is considered the primary producing area for shale gas development in the country. Its rich shale gas reserves have made it a significant contributor to China’s energy production. Within the Sichuan Basin, northeast Sichuan has emerged as a region of particular interest for shale gas development. In order to investigate the controlling factors and enrichment patterns of organic matter-rich shales from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in northeast Sichuan, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) was used to analyze 14 shale samples from the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in northeast Sichuan. Combined with the characteristics of logging curves, the sedimentary system, redox conditions, terrestrial debris input, primary productivity, and paleoclimate relationship of the Wufeng Formation to the Longmaxi Formation were explored. As a result, three third-order sequences (SSQ1, SSQ2, and SSQ3) were identified, and the sea level experienced a process from high-low-high-low, which, in combination with the shale elemental parameters of w(V)/w(Cr), w(V)/w(V+Ni), w(Ni)/w(Co), w(Sr)/w(Cu), w(Sr)/w(Ba), and T (℃), indicated that the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation underwent an oxidized-poorly oxygenated-anoxic reduced-poorly oxygenated-oxidized freshwater environment; the climate has undergone a warm-humid, dry-cold, warm-humid, dry-cold, warm-humid evolution, and the temperature has gone through the process of decreasing – increasing – decreasing – increasing. The organic matter enrichment pattern of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in northeast Sichuan can be divided into a Ⅲ stage pattern. Stage Ⅰ, the depositional period from the Wufeng Formation to the bottom of the Longmaxi Formation, is a stage of gradual increase in organic carbon; stage Ⅱ, the depositional period of the middle part of the Longmaxi Formation, is a stage of enrichment of organic carbon (sweet-spot member); and stage Ⅲ, the depositional period of the upper part of the Longmaxi Formation, is a stage of gradual decrease in organic carbon. It is expected to provide a basis for the exploration of shale gas in northeast Sichuan, and the next step will be to carry out research on the resource response of major geological events to organic matter enrichment in the study area and deepen the shale gas enrichment model.

In order to explore the influence of the remaining coal pillar in the upper coal seam on the stress of the floor and the reasonable layout of the mining roadway in the lower coal seam, taking Tangshangou Coal Mine as the research object, the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods and a variety of influencing factors were used to construct the collaborative bearing structure model of the remaining coal pillar and the hinged rock block in the upper coal seam and the stress transfer calculation model of the floor, and the stress and influencing factors of the floor under the remaining coal pillar in the upper coal seam are studied. The research shows that the influence of the remaining coal pillars in the upper coal seam on the stress of the floor is mainly vertical stress, and the influence degree decreases with the increase of floor depth. The stress-increasing area of the floor under the remaining coal pillar is ellipsoidal. The influencing factors of the stress-increasing area of the floor are analyzed, and the quantitative relationship between the influence of different factors on the range of the stress-increasing area is obtained. The peak stress of the coal pillar plays a decisive role in the distribution of the stress-increasing area of the floor. According to the stress distribution of the floor and the results of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, it is determined that the reasonable stagger distance between the 8 coal pillar and the 11−1 coal mining roadway in Tangshangou Coal Mine should be 20—25 m. This study reveals the stress transfer mechanism of the lower floor of the coal pillar left in the upper coal seam, clarifies the distribution and influencing factors of the floor stress increase area, and obtains the determination method of the reasonable stagger value of the roadway-coal pillar, which can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable layout of the lower coal seam mining roadway.

Coal mine disasters caused by coal and gas outbursts are severe in China. Currently, static and dynamic technologies are mainly used to address the difficult gas control problem. The gas control mechanism of the composite technology of cavity making and gas phase fracturing is studied by comprehensively using three technical methods: 185 MPa high pressure CO2 impact coal sample, numerical simulation, and fiber optic strain monitoring. The research results indicate that ① under the action of CO2 gas phase fracturing stress waves, typical microstructures such as damage pits (DM) and three wing cracks (TRW) are newly formed on the surface of the coal matrix in coal samples. ② Under the action of static and dynamic loads, the original fractures in the coal seam within the range near the borehole center are reopened along the direction of vertical fracture, forming a radial multi-scale, tensile-dominant fracture with the borehole as the center. The fracture can fully equalize stress concentration zones and cause irreversible damage to the coal seam, with a stress disturbance range of 24 m. ③ Within the influence range of effective gas phase fracturing hole making composite technology, hole making holes help to improve the energy utilization efficiency of gas phase fracturing stress waves, avoid energy dissipation in ineffective vibration areas, fully connect the multi-scale fractures of the fracturing hole and hole making hole, making the coal seam fracture area wide, continuous, and fully depressurized, which fundamentally solves the problem of low permeability, difficult extraction, and high ground stress in the coal seam.

ObjectiveTo optimize the energy capture efficiency of a rocker-type wave energy converter, the effects of the platform pillar wave diversion scheme and shape of finned floats on energy capture are studied.MethodsFirst, a hydrodynamic model of float motion is established. Next, the hydrodynamic characteristics of different finned floats are calculated using AQWA software and analyzed under different platform pillar wave diversion schemes, different frequency domain parameters such as added mass, radiation damping, wave excitation force and response amplitude operator (RAO), and different time domain parameters such as displacement, velocity, acceleration and excitation force. Finally, the energy-capture width ratios of different finned floats under different platform pillar wave diversion schemes are investigated.ResultsThe results show that different platform pillar wave diversion schemes have little effect on the frequency domain parameters of the finned floats or the float motion displacement of time domain parameters, but a large effect on the motion period. Energy capture is optimal at a fin angle of 100° under the double-pillar wave diversion scheme.ConclusionsBased on the proposed numerical simulation model, the hydrodynamic response of multi-degree-of-freedom finned floats in wave motion can be simulated accurately, providing useful references for the optimized design of the float shape for oscillating float-type wave energy generation platforms.

Objectives Aiming to address the existing challenges in the power capacity configuration of island and reef hybrid power generation systems, this paper proposes an optimization method based on the adaptive ant colony algorithm (ACA). MethodsAn ACA is used as the core optimization tool to configure the power capacity of an island and reef hybrid power generation system. The process of ants foraging is simulated by employing the ACA and using the power generation of renewable energy as dynamic pheromones in the search space. The optimal solution is then found through global search, achieving the full utilization of renewable energy. Taking Wai Lingding Island as the target island, a 'wind-solar-diesel-storage' microgrid hybrid power generation system model is constructed, and the ACA is used to optimize its capacity configuration. ResultsThe simulation results of the algorithm indicate that, compared to the improved Grey Wolf algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony algorithm, the ACA can effectively reduce the operational costs and environmental pollution of the microgrid hybrid power generation system, while ensuring the stability of the power supply. ConclusionsThe results of this study can effectively increase the power supply stability of the microgrid hybrid power generation system, reduce operating costs and environmental pollution, and thus achieve efficient utilization of energy resources.

The vigorous development of wind power generation technology is the core path for the country to promote the low-carbon energy transformation and realize the "dual-carbon" (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) goals. With the gradual saturation of the development of onshore and offshore wind power resources, wind power development from the near-shore to the distant deep sea is the inevitable trend of the future development of the wind power industry. The research and development and optimization of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) platforms is the key to promoting the development of offshore wind power in distant deep sea areas. Based on an analysis of the current development status of FOWT platforms at home and abroad, this paper further analyzes the current research status of aerodynamic loads, hydrodynamic loads, mooring systems, coupling analysis methods and commonly used numerical simulation tools in the design of FOWT platforms, and focuses on sorting out the key technological ideas and constitutive features of FOWT platforms that are driven by the enhancement of structural stability and the reduction of costs. By summarizing the current research status of FOWT platform optimization, we can forecast the problems and challenges in the design of FOWT platforms with a view to providing technical references for researchers in related fields.

In 2024, the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) completed its construction, deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations. This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP). The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth. Additionally, it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace. Over the past two years, significant progress has been made on the IMCP. In particular, the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed, and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction. The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted. To facilitate these developments, the scientific program committee of IMCP was established, following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school, which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP). Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil.

Since the launch in June 2017, Insight-HXMT has been in service smoothly in orbit and particularly productive in 2023 and 2024. Among a total number of 238 papers published so far based on Insight-HXMT data, 63 were published in 2023, and 32 in the early 2024 (till 2024 April), accounting for 40% of the total. These studies cover a variety of scientific subjects including the basic properties of black holes and neutron stars, the outburst of accreting black hole and neutron star X-ray binaries, thermal nuclear burst probes, isolated pulsars, quasi periodical oscillations, cyclotron resonant scattering features, fast radio bursts and gamma-ray bursts, etc. This paper introduces the overall progress with focus on some potential breakthroughs.

BackgroundSchizophrenic patients have metabolic disorders， impaired language and information processing function. Inflammatory factors may play an important role in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of the inflammatory factor levels with metabolic levels， language fluency and information processing function in patients with schizophrenia， so as to provide references for clinical understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 96 patients with schizophrenia were included in the study group， who were hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2021 to December 2022 as well as met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview （MINI） 6.0 .Meanwhile， population who underwent physical examination at the same hospital were included in the control group （n=42）. A high-sensitivity multi factor electrochemiluminescence analyzer was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors IL-4， IL-5， IL-7， IL-8， IL-10 and IL-13. A fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of metabolic indicators such as fasting blood glucose， triglycerides， high-density lipoprotein， apolipoprotein A， creatinine and urea nitrogen. Verbal fluency and information processing function of all participants were assessed by using Verbal Fluency Test （VFT） and Stroop Color Word Test （SCWT）.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-4， IL-5， IL-7， IL-8， IL-10， IL-13 and IL-15 between the study group and the control group （P

Energy transition has been a vital driving force for every major leap in productivity ever since the Industrial Revolution. The renewal and iteration of energy varieties is a transformative force that drives industrial transformation and upgrading, promotes the reconstruction of economic order, and gives birth to advanced productive forces. The global development wave of emerging gas energy, represented by unconventional natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, and ammonia, has been rising, injecting new momentums into the energy technology innovation and sustainable economic and social development. However, the existing research and practice lack a systematic review of the emerging gas energy development. This study summarizes the macro development background of emerging gas energy sources from the perspective of new-quality productive forces and analyzes the practical significance, industrial foundation, and policy support for developing the emerging gas energy in China. It also clarifies the development vision, direction, and mode of the emerging gas energy sources, and proposes corresponding suggestions. Developing the emerging gas energy is crucial for forming new-quality productive forces in the energy field. The large-scale utilization of emerging gas energy sources will change the energy landscape, innovate the traditional natural gas industry, and shape a new form of gas energy industry. Combined with the process of China’s energy transition, this study suggests that the development value, strategy, technology, and market positioning of the emerging gas energy sources should be accurately clarified. The emerging gas energy should be listed as a core component of the new energy system to strengthen China’s energy sector. This study further explores the key points of development from the aspects of top-level design, institutional guarantee, scientific and technological support, and ecological construction, thus to promote the safe, green, diversified, and integrated evolution of China’s emerging gas energy industry.

The power grid CO2 emission factor is a critical parameter for accurately calculating indirect emissions from the electricity consumption side, serving as a core indicator for precisely quantifying the CO2 emission pathways at the consumption side. This study explores the temporal and spatial characteristics of the province-level power-grid CO2 emission factors from 2020 to 2035 and compares them with official-source factors. Moreover, it integrates historical direct-emission data to accurately quantify the importance of indirect emissions from the electricity consumption side. Additionally, it predicts the province-level indirect emissions and emission pathways under different scenarios from 2020 to 2035, quantifying the impacts of power grid CO2 emission factors with distinct temporal and spatial accuracies on provincial emission pathways. The results indicate that: (1) from 2020 to 2035, the power grid CO2 emission factors of all provinces are expected to exhibit sustained decreasing trends, and there are disparities between the existing publicly available power-grid CO2 emission factors and provincial levels in the study. (2) From 2010 to 2020, the indirect emissions from electricity consumption and their proportions in net electricity-importing provinces had gradually increased, with Beijing, Shanghai, and Zhejiang province having the largest proportions. (3) Under Scenarios 1 (constant power-grid CO2 emission factors on the national level) and 3 (constant power-grid CO2 emission factors on the provincial level), the indirect emissions from electricity consumption and total emissions of all provinces will be significantly higher than the estimated results in Scenarios 2 (dynamic power-grid CO2 emission factor on the national level) and 4 (dynamic power-grid CO2 emission factor on the provincial level). The estimation results of Scenarios 1 and 2 are projected to differ significantly from those of Scenarios 3 and 4. For provinces with large proportions of indirect emissions from electricity consumption, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong, selecting power grid CO2 emission factors with different spatial accuracies is expected to have noticeable impacts on their total emissions, further leading to shifts in their peaking years. The research results can provide a reference for supporting the planning of carbon peaking pathways in various provinces and reducing the uncertainty in indirect emission forecasts.

Objective To identify the lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on related databases, and to construct a predictive model for the prognosis of HCC patients in combination with other clinical risk factors. Methods R software was used to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the patients with primary HCC and those with metastatic HCC from the GEO database, and the DEGs associated with the prognosis of patients were identified. The HCC patients in TCGA database were divided into two groups based on hierarchical clustering, and the two groups were assessed in terms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lipid metabolism, and prognosis. The data in the ICGC database were used for validation of the above analysis. The LASSO regression model was used to obtain the lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes and determine their risk scores, and according to the median of risk scores, HCC patients in both TCGA and ICGC databases were divided into high and low risk groups to analyze the prognosis of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to obtain independent risk factors for the prognosis of HCC patients, and a nomogram prognostic model was constructed. Western blot and oil red O staining were used to detect the lipid metabolism of Huh7 cells after treatment with the lipid metabolism inhibitor Fatostatin, and qPCR was used to measure the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes in Huh7 cells. Results A total of 159 DEGs were obtained from the patients with primary HCC and those with metastatic HCC in the GEO database, among which 65 DEGs were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Based on the EMT score, the two groups of HCC patients obtained by clustering from the TCGA database were defined as high and low metastasis risk groups, respectively, and the patients in the high metastasis risk group tended to have a higher lipid metabolism score and a shorter OS. The validation results in the ICGC database were consistent with the results based on the TCGA database. The LASSO regression model was used to identify the lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes, and the high-risk group had a shorter OS. The lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes were combined with the independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with HCC to construct a nomogram prognostic model. Cell experiments confirmed that after the treatment with Fatostatin, there were reductions in the expression of fatty acid synthase and the content of lipid droplets in Huh7 cells, as well as changes in the expression of a variety of lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes. Conclusion A total of 13 lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes are obtained based on related databases, which are combined with the clinical risk factors to construct a prognostic predictive model for HCC patients, and cell experiments are conducted to confirm that the lipid metabolism-related metastasis risk genes are closely associated with lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound micro-flow imaging (MFI) combined with serum inflammatory factors in the early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods A total of 92 patients with DKD who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from June 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 were enrolled as DKD group, and 64 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were admitted to our hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as T2DM group. Related data were collected for the two groups, including clinical indicators, ultrasound blood flow parameters, and serum inflammatory factors. Ultrasound blood flow parameters included MFI-value, left renal interlobar artery resistance index (RI1), right renal interlobar artery resistance index (RI2), left renal interlobar arterial peak velocity (PSV1), and right renal interlobar arterial peak velocity (PSV2). The Spearman method was used to investigate the correlation of MFI-value with clinical indicators and serum inflammatory factors; the forward conditional approach in binary logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of DKD; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of MFI-value and serum inflammatory factors in predicting DKD. Results Compared with the DKD group, the T2DM group had significantly lower RI1 and serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (Z=-6.73--3.20,P

The Rainfall thresholds are among the most commonly used criteria for predicting rainfall-induced landslides. However, existing empirical rainfall thresholds mainly focused on regional landslide warnings, lacking consideration for the spatial variability of rainfall thresholds for individual landslides within the region. This study uses historical rainfall-induced landslide data and hourly rainfall data from Bazhong City (2014 – 2021) to employ Kriging interpolation methods. It extracts four types of short-term rainfall (1 hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours) and their corresponding long-term rainfall (7 days before the landslide occurrence). In these four threshold models, the distribution of long-term and short-term rainfall thresholds in each group is calculated and then validated using landslide disaster data from 2021. The research results indicate that the prediction accuracy of the four threshold models ranges from 40% to 65%, suggesting good potential for practical application. Additionally, the prediction accuracy improves with the increase in the duration of short-term rainfall. The prediction accuracy for rainfall thresholds calculated from the 72-hour-7-day model is highest, reaching 62%, while the 1-hour-7-day model achieves 46%. Based on the highest prediction accuracy of these models, the study calculates the optimal ratios for short-term and long-term disaster-causing rainfall for four types of models. This leads to a quantitative division between short-term rainfall-induced landslides and long-term rainfall-induced landslides. By calculating the spatial distribution of disaster-causing rainfall, the study extracts rainfall thresholds at potential landslide locations, achieving the goal of one threshold per site in the region and enhancing existing models for calculating rainfall thresholds.

To investigate the current landscape of the application of machine learning in remote sensing surveys of geological disasters and to support the development of intelligent remote sensing survey technologies for geological disasters, a bibliometric analysis of machine learning and geological disaster remote sensing survey technology was conducted using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Visual analysis was performed from multiple perspectives, including the number of publications, research hotspots, and research institutions, to describe the research progress of machine learning and geological disaster remote sensing survey technology. VOSviewer software was utilized to scrutinize the high-frequency keywords and their associations between machine learning and geological disaster remote sensing survey technology. The results showed that remote sensing survey technology for geological disasters in China is gradually shifting from traditional “topographic measurement” towards more holistic “topographic and geometric measuremen” approaches. With the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology, the new generation of intelligent learning algorithms have emerged as the predominant research direction, fostering the growth of automated geological disaster recognition and intelligent extraction techniques. Nevertheless, the future of remote sensing survey technology for geological disasters is poised to evolve into a comprehensive technical system that emphasizes the synergistic “air-space-ground” application and emergency monitoring. Considering the diverse characteristics of remote sensing image data, the primary developmental trajectory will involve an extensive exploration of various machine learning algorithms across different remote sensing interpretation scenarios.

Convolutional neural network (CNN) models are widely used in landslide susceptibility assessment due to their powerful feature extraction capabilities, and traditional CNN is no longer able to meet the requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-scale convolutional neural networks (MSCNN) model that can take into account deep and shallow features. By increasing the depth of the model and expanding the receptive field of samples, the MSCNN can tap deeper and more stable features to improve the reliability of landslide susceptibility assessment in complex scenarios. In this study, Shenzhen City is selected as the research area, and 12 landslide conditioning factors of landslides in Shenzhen City were selected based on systematic and representative principles. A multi-scale convolutional neural network landslide susceptibility assessment model is constructed and compared with methods such as multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF). The results show that the AUC value (0.99) of the MSCNN model constructed in this paper is higher than that of MLP (0.97), SVM (0.91), and RF (0.85), which proves that the proposed MSCNN model has excellent prediction ability. The area of extremely high susceptibility in Shenzhen City is approximately 105.3 km², accounting for 4.98% of the total area of the study area, mainly distributed in Longgang District with steep slopes, sparse vegetation cover, and frequent human engineering activities. Slope, surface roughness, and surface relief are identified as the main conditioning factors affecting landslides in Shenzhen City. The landslide susceptibility mapping implemented in this paper reflects the current distribution of landslide disasters in Shenzhen City, providing data support and key technical support for future landslide disaster prevention and control in Shenzhen City.

目的 探讨上肢动作研究测试（action research arm test，ARAT）量表应用于亚急性期缺血性卒中患者上肢及手功能障碍评定的效度、信度和敏感性。 方法 本研究招募2020年1月—2022年5月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院等17家医院住院的300例缺血性卒中患者，并由两名评定者分别对受试者进行ARAT量表评估。同时以Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表上肢部分（Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity，FMA-UE）作为效标。分别采用Spearman相关分析及验证性因子分析评价ARAT量表的效标效度及结构效度；采用Cronbach’s α系数及组内相关系数评价ARAT量表的内部信度、敏感性及外部信度。 结果 以FMA-UE为效标，ARAT量表总分与其总分呈正相关（r=0.946，P

Fingerprints are an important trace material evidence for police to identify criminal. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are fluorescent-labeled nanomaterials that can be used to improve the clarity and resolution of fingerprints. In this study, thioglycollic acid (TGA) was successfully modified to CdS QDs using the in-situ radiation reduction method, and synthetic TGA-CdS QDs were combined with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to form a TGA-CdS QDs/PVAc gel fingerprint film for fingerprint development. The structure and properties of the TGA-CdS QDs were characterized and tested using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of temperature, concentration of TGA-CdS QDs, pH, and mass fraction of the PVAc gel fingerprint film on fingerprint development were investigated. The results showed that a combination of 6 mg/mL TGA-CdS QDs solution with 20% PVAc gel fingerprint film at room temperature (25 ℃) and pH of 9.0 resulted in the clearest, most complete, and high-resolution fingerprint patterns of fluorescence display. The carboxylic acid group formed by TGA-CdS QDs in an alkaline solution completely combined with the amino acids, proteins, fats, urea, and other components of the fingerprint residue attached to the PVAc gel film. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the fingerprint lines were clearly displayed in the form of fluorescence. The fingerprint display method can be effectively used in criminal investigation.

This is an article in the field of mineral engineering. Germanium ore is an indispensable strategic rare metal resource in the fields of information and communication, modern aviation, military, new energy and many other high-tech fields. The world's germanium resources are relatively scarce and unevenly distributed, with nearly 96% of proven germanium reserves concentrated in a few countries such as the United States, China, and Russia. As one of the most important strategic advantageous mineral resources in China, germanium is distributed in 14 provinces (regions) throughout the country. The deposit types are mainly coal seam and carbonate hosted type, and are concentrated in five germanium forming regions (belts), including the Great Xing'an Mountains, the Three Rivers in Southwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Nanling Mountain. By analyzing the endowment, distribution, and development and utilization of germanium resources at home and abroad, and assessing the consumption situation and supply and demand pattern of the world and China's germanium industry chain, it is proposed to increase the exploration of key germanium mineralization areas (belts) in China, carry out research and development of high-end germanium materials and application technologies, strengthen the optimization and upgrading of the germanium industry structure, and promote the green, healthy, and virtuous cycle development of germanium secondary recycling.

In recent years, great breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of natural gas in deep coal-rock reservoirs in Junggar, Ordos and other basins in China. In view of the inconsistency between the industrial and academic circles on this new type of unconventional natural gas, this paper defines the concept of “coal-rock gas” on the basis of previous studies, and systematically analyzes its characteristics of occurrence state, transport and storage form, differential accumulation, and development law. Coal-rock gas, geologically unlike coalbed methane in the traditional sense, occurs in both free and adsorbed states, with free state in abundance. It is generated and stored in the same set of rocks through short distance migration, occasionally with the accumulation from other sources. Moreover, coal rock develops cleat fractures, and the free gas accumulates differentially. The coal-rock gas reservoirs deeper than 2000 m are high in pressure, temperature, gas content, gas saturation, and free-gas content. In terms of development, similar to shale gas and tight gas, coal-rock gas can be exploited by natural formation energy after the reservoirs connectivity is improved artificially, that is, the adsorbed gas is desorbed due to pressure drop after the high-potential free gas is recovered, so that the free gas and adsorbed gas are produced in succession for a long term without water drainage for pressure drop. According to buried depth, coal rank, pressure coefficient, reserves scale, reserves abundance and gas well production, the classification criteria and reserves/resources estimation method of coal-rock gas are presented. It is preliminarily estimated that the coal-rock gas in place deeper than 2 000 m in China exceeds 30×1012 m3, indicating an important strategic resource for the country. The Ordos, Sichuan, Junggar and Bohai Bay basins are favorable areas for large-scale enrichment of coal-rock gas. The paper summarizes the technical and management challenges and points out the research directions, laying a foundation for the management, exploration, and development of coal-rock gas in China.

Objective To explore the effects of prophylactic analgesia with esketamine on pain, hemodynamics, and stress response in patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fracture after percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF). Methods From April 2021 to April 2023, 85 patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fracture undergoing PPSF at The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong were enrolled as the research objects. All patients underwent PPSF under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia, routine anesthesia induction, maintenance and patient controlled intravenous analgesia. Among all the patients, 42 cases in obeservation group were given intravenous injection of esketamine (10 mg) at 20 min before the end of the surgery, 43 cases in control group did not receive any other treatment. The postoperative pain ［visual analogue scale (VAS)］, hemodynamics ［heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate］, stress response ［eosinophils (EOS), platelet count (PLT)］ and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with control group, obeservation group had higher HR and lower MAP immediately after surgery(T1), lower VAS scores at 2 h (T2) and 6 h (T3) after surgery, and lower frequency of analgesic pump compression at 48h after surgery (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in SpO2, respiratory rate between two groups (P＞0.05). At T1 and T3, EOS was higher, while PLT was lower in observation group than control group (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (9.52% vs4.65%, χ2=0.206, P=0.433). Conclusion Prophylactic analgesia with esketamine is beneficial to relieve short-term pain, stress response and stabilize hemodynamics in patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fracture after PPSF, which has few effects on postoperative cognitive function and good safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery spasm (CAS) combined with obstructive stenosis and the impact of stent implantation on their prognosis. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients admitted to Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital from June 2009 to June 2021, diagnosed with coronary artery spasm syndrome (CASS). Based on the results of coronary angiography (CAG), patients were divided into two groups: those combined with obstructive stenosis (n=24) and those without obstructive stenosis (n=20). The efficacy of medical treatment or combined stent implantation was observed, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or death were monitored during follow-up. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the group CAS combined with obstructive stenosis and the group CAS without obstructive stenosis in terms of gender, age, risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, alcohol abuse, smoking), laboratory test indicators ［peak values of blood glucose (Glu), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),total cholesterol］, myocardial injury markers ［cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)］, ejection fraction (EF), and proportion of inferior wall ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram (P>0.05). Among 24 cases of spastic coronary artery complicated with obstructive stenosis, 5 cases (20.83%) were treated with drugs, and 19 cases (79.17%) underwent PCI ［15 cases (78.95%) had PCI on spastic and obstructive stenostic coronary arteries and 4 cases (21.05%) had PCI on non-spastic coronary arteries］. Among 20 cases of spastic coronary artery without stenosis, 16 cases had right coronary artery (RCA)spasm (including 13 cases had RCA completely normal with spasm, 3 cases with 20%-30% stenosis), 4 cases of left anterior descending artery (LAD) spasm (2 cases of completely normal, 2 cases with 30%-40% stenosis), and only 1 case (5.00%) underwent PCI in non-spastic coronary artery. in the group with coronary artery spasm and obstructive stenosis, the follow-up period ranged from 24 to 129 (64.13±29.80) months, with 4 cases of angina recurrence, 1 case of in-stent stenosis, and 1 case of very late stent thrombosis leading to acute myocardial infarction requiring emergency PCI. In the group without stenosis, the follow-up period ranged from 30 to 168 (64.75±32.54) months, with 7 cases of angina recurrence and 1 death. The incidence of MACE (25.00% vs40.00%) was not statistically significant between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Patients with CAS and obstructive stenosis can choose medical treatment combined with stent implantation for good prognosis, but guidance under intracoronary imaging is necessary.

68Ga-DOTA-TATE has been successfully applied in the diagnosis of clinical neuroendocrine tumors，but its short half-life limits its widespread use. This study aimed to develop [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE to meet the clinical demands of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) for diagnosis and treatment evaluation. A new column chromatography purification method for [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE was developed and automated synthesis was performed using a clinical single-vessel multi-functional fluorine synthesis module. The lipophilicity, in vitro stability，and pharmacokinetics of [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE were studied，and biodistribution experiments and PET/CT imaging of nude mice with NCI-H69 (SSTR2 positive expression) small cell lung cancer were conducted，followed by preliminary clinical evaluation on three patients with neuroendocrine tumors. The new column chromatography purification method for [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE was simple，which was synthesized in a short time with higher than 95% of radiochemical purity and，less than 3% of.ethanol content. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution experiments in BALB/c mice showed rapid blood clearance of the drug and renal metabolism. PET/CT imaging of tumor-bearing mice showed specific uptake of the radiotracer in SSTR-positive tumors. Preliminary clinical application showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE is well targeted in patients with long retention time and can provide better image quality. The column chromatography method for the preparation of [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE was simple and had high radiochemical purity. Preliminary clinical results suggested that [18F]AlF-NOTA-TATE has further value for clinical research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism and clinical significance of miR-18a-5p and retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORA) in the proliferation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. MethodsThe expressions of miR-18a-5p and RORA in CRC cells and tissues were detected via qRT-PCR, FISH, and IHC. Cell proliferation capability was detected through EdU and CFSE assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry assay, and cell migration and invasion abilities by cell scratch and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. The targeted regulation of miR-18a-5p on RORA was further verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay, cell function rescue test, RT-PCR, and Western blot assay. Finally, bioinformatics was used to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-18a-5p promoting malignant proliferation, invasion, and progression of CRC via regulating RORA. ResultsmiR-18a-5p exhibited a high expression in CRC tissues and cells (P

Maritime Power has gradually increased as a national strategy. In this process, gross marine products continue to grow, and the marine industry has become the most fundamental and critical object. The spatial layout and industrial organization of maritime enterprises are fundamental related tasks. Domestic research can be divided into two main categories, based on the data used. One is to use economic and social statistical data, which have a large spatial scope but large granularity and cannot reflect the details of the industrial layout. The other is to use point-of-interest data, which are often not fully mined owing to the heavy workload of data processing. Therefore, there is little relevant content on departmental and urban comparisons in the existing research. Four representative cities-Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, and Xiamen-were selected as the research areas. According to the Industrial Classification for Ocean Industries and Their Related Activities, the research objects were identified as the marine core layer, marine support layer, and marine peripheral layer industries and further refined into eight subcategories. This study is based on the information of maritime enterprises registered for business registration, and uses Python to crawl geographic coordinates to improve the spatial information of enterprises. An innovative task is to identify the industry categories of enterprises. This task was performed using fastText, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Recurrent Neural Network. Thus, a spatial enterprise information database, including multiple marine industry departments, was established. Kernel density analysis, standard deviational ellipse analysis, buffer analysis, and other methods were used. Finally, by comparing the visualization results of the marine industrial spatial layout in the four cities, we delved into the marine industrial spatial differentiation patterns. In the experiment, machine learning models, such as artificial neural networks, exhibited high accuracy and recall when completing human recognition tasks, and these methods were effective. Empirical research on the spatial layout and industrial organization of maritime enterprises revealed the following: 1)From the perspective of spatial pattern, the overall pattern is a balanced pattern of "large dispersion and small agglomeration." By comparing the distribution and organization of different types of marine industries, we found that there is industry agglomeration in the location selection of enterprises, resulting in industry agglomeration characteristics. The land sea relationship is reflected in the high-density single peak or "coastal zone-city center" Multimodal distribution pattern. 2) From the perspective of spatial organization mode, industrial clusters have multilevel hierarchical characteristics corresponding to population size and administrative levels. In addition to single core structures, multi core structures generally exhibit a "primary-secondary dual core" or "primary core-multiple radial" pattern, with spatial connections between core intervals forming a multi node axis or network structure. 3) From the perspective of spatial matching relationships, the elliptical area is positively related to the urban area, the direction of the long axis is close to the coastal direction, and the industrial distribution has a clear matching relationship with the urban center, ports, and other transportation hubs, bay terrain, coastline, and other spatial elements.

Nano-TiCp/GH3536 composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） and thermal plasma spheroidization （TPS） methods. The flowability， bulk density， particle size distribution， sphericity， and microstructure of the composite powders before and after MA-TPS treatment were studied by Hall flow meter，Scott volumeter， XRD， particle size analyzer， scanning electron microscope， and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the preformed powders obtained by MA-5 h treatment are irregular shape powders with non-uniform adhesion of nano-TiC particles on the surface of the GH3536 substrate. Compared with the original GH3536 powders， the number of equiaxed grains in the preformed powders increases and the crystal grains are refined， but the flowability and bulk density decrease.The nano-TiCp/GH3536 composite powders obtained by the second TPS treatment are spherical， and the original irregular nano-TiC particles are spheroidized and uniformly distributed inside the GH3536 substrate. After removing the submicron particles with an average particle size of 183.27 nm， the flowability， bulk density， and sphericity of TPS composite powders are further improved.The TEM images of submicron particles show that the nanoscale GH3536 microspheres are uniformly coated with a layer of TiC， the structure is similar to the core-shell， and spherical TiC particles are found in the powder. The average spherical degree， average particle size， flowability， and bulk density of the nano-TiCp/GH3536 composite powders prepared by the two-step method are 0.965，33.65 μm，17.1 s/50 g，and 4.184 g/cm3， respectively.

Achieving the best wideband stealth performance under the limited weight constraint is the goal pursued in stealth aircraft radar absorbing coating（RAC） application schemes design. To meet the need for the integrated application of various kinds of RACs on stealth aircraft， an automatic optimization method for the application programme of RAC was established. Firstly， the electromagnetic fields of the model under different frequencies， azimuths and polarizations were simulated based on the finite difference time domain method. The total electromagnetic field was obtained by normalization and weighted calculation of the electromagnetic fields.Then， the total electromagnetic field was divided according to the specific direction and quantity. Each partition was loaded with the corresponding RAC. The reflection coefficient of the RAC was calculated by the transfer matrix method to superimpose the effect of the RAC on the electromagnetic field. The near-far field transformation was performed on the total electromagnetic field after loading with RAC. In this way， fast computation of radar cross section （RCS） was implemented. Based on the improved simplex method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition， an automatic optimization method is established. The objective function was reducing RCS of the target or reducing weight of the absorbing coating. Finally， taking traveling wave plate as an example， the application plan of three thicknesses of RACs was optimized. The goal of optimization was to reduce total weight of the coating. Compared with the 1.5 mm coating plan， the optimization program can reduce the weight by 50%， with the RCS of traveling wave plate increasing by on more than 1 dB. The optimization effect is remarkable.

Honey, as a natural sweet substance, has always been favored by consumers due to its various functional activities, such as regulating the gastrointestinal tract, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the production of honey is far less than the market demand for it, so driven by interests, honey is often adulterated, leading to quality deterioration. The adulteration of honey seriously undermines its natural attributes, having a negative impact on the honey industry. To safeguard the interests of consumers and producers, uphold the industry’s reputation, and promote its sustainable development, it is crucial to establish and improve methods for assessing honey authenticity. This article reviews the major methods for identifying the authenticity of honey, including traditional analytical techniques, targeted and non-targeted analytical techniques. In particular, the characteristic components in honey have been used for the identification of honey authenticity in recent years, which is achieved directly by analyzing the overall properties and chemical characteristics of honey are consistent with each other or not, but not relying on any prior knowledge of the adulterants. This paper aims to provide theoretical references for the authenticity identification of honey.