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The lifespan of the output filter electrolytic capacitor in general lighting LED power supply doesn't match LED's long lifespan. In this regard, this paper proposed the LED driver circuit based on Buck with active ripple compensation. In the circuit, the active ripple compensation branch was used to replace the output filter electrolytic capacitor to offset the inductor ripple current, so that the LED array can obtain a constant DC and achieve the ideal drive state of the LED. In order to reduce the losses of the ripple compensation branch, the peaks and valleys of the inductor current must be controlled and the hysteresis current control can effectively meet that requirement. The LED power supply based on Buck with active ripple compensation and hysteresis current control was designed and made which output power was 30 W. According to the simulation and experiment results, the proposed new power supply is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and required indicators of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016) in the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and global developmental delay (GDD)., Methods: A total of 277 children with ASD and 415 children with GDD, aged 18-48 months, were enrolled as subjects. CNBS-R2016 was used to assess the developmental levels of six domains, i.e., gross motor, fine motor, adaptive ability, language, social behavior, and warning behavior, and a total of 13 indicators on intelligence age and developmental quotient (DQ) were obtained as the input features. Five commonly used machine learning classifiers were used for training to calculate the classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each classifier., Results: DQ of warning behavior was selected as the first feature in all five classifiers, and the use of this indicator alone had a classification accuracy of 78.90%. When the DQ of warning behavior was used in combination with the intelligence age of warning behavior, gross motor, and language, it had the highest classification accuracy of 86.71%., Conclusions: Machine learning combined with CNBS-R2016 can effectively distinguish children with ASD from those with GDD. The DQ of warning behavior plays an important role in machine learning, and its combination with other features can improve classification accuracy, providing a basis for the efficient and accurate differential diagnosis of ASD and GDD in clinical practice.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Neijiang City in 2013, so as to provide the references for malaria elimination in the city., Methods: The epidemiological data of malaria cases were collected from the Parasitic Diseases Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the data were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method., Results: Totally 19 cases of imported malaria cases were reported in Neijiang City in 2013, which was increased by 375% comparing to that in 2012 (4 cases) , and all the cases were confirmed by the laboratory. Among these cases, 14 were (73.68%) falciparum malaria cases, 5 (26.32%) were vivax malaria cases; 13 cases (68.42%) were from African countries, and the other 6 (31.58%) were from Southeast Asia. These cases were distributed throughout each quater, which had no significant seasonality. All the cases were male aged from 20-49 years, and the majority of them (16 cases, 84.21%) were farmers and workers., Conclusions: The prevention and control situation of imported malaria is severe in Neijiang City. The capacity construction of malaria diagnosis and treatment of basic medical institutions as well as the health education and monitoring and management to floating population should be strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the Eag1 K( +) channel in the prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, its correlation with the development and progression of PCa, and whether it could be a target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa., Methods: We used RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of the Eag1 K(+) channel in the normal peritumoral tissue of androgen-dependent PCa (ADPCa) (group A) and androgen-independent PCa (AIPCa) (group B) as well as in the tumorous tissue of ADPCa (group C) and AIPCa (group D)., Results: The relative coefficients of the mRNA expression of the Eag1 K(+) channel were 0.265 +/- 0.413, 0.167 +/- 0.511, 2.673 +/- 2.988 and 2.815 +/- 2.901 in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, increased significantly in the latter two groups (P < 0.05). The positive rates of the protein expression of the Eag1 K (+) channel were significantly higher in groups C (88.9%) and D (86.7%) than in A (7.4%) and B (6.7%) (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The Eag1 K(+) channel might be involved in the pathophysiological processes of PCa, and is expected to be a valuable target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of leptin and its receptor in the epididymis of experimental varicocele (EV) rats., Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 4-week EV (n = 12), 8-week EV (n = 12), 4-week control (n = 8), and 8-week control (n = 8). EV models were established by partial ligation of the left renal vein. The expressions of leptin and its receptor in the rat epididymis were measured by immunohistochemistry, and their mRNA expressions determined by real-time quantitative PCR., Results: The expressions of leptin and its receptor in the epididymis were significantly higher in the 4- and 8-week EV groups than in the 4- and 8-week control groups (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the two EV groups (P > 0.05). So were their mRNA expressions in the former two than in the latter two groups (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the former two (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The expressions of leptin and its receptor are markedly increased in the epididymis of varicocele rats. Leptin may be involved in the mechanisms of varicocele inducing male infertility.

Objective: To compare the impact of traditional and fast bowel preparation on the changes of gut flora in the patients following colorectal resection., Methods: Sixty patients undergoing colorectal resection from March 2010 to March 2011 in the Nanfang Hospital were randomly divided into the control group(n=27, 3 days of bowel preparation) and the experimental group(n=33, 1 day of bowel preparation). Fresh feces were collected before bowel preparation and on the first defecation after surgery. The postoperative changes in gut flora and septic complications were observed., Results: Gut flora disturbance was found in both groups. The postoperative population of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05), while E.coli and Staphylococcus were much higher than the preoperative level(P<0.05), which was more significant in the control group. The incidence of postoperative infection was 9.1%(3/33) in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than 29.6%(8/27) in the control group(P<0.05)., Conclusion: Fast bowel preparation is effective in reducing gut flora disturbance and the incidence of postoperative infection.

Soil physicochemical properties play an important role in the efficiency of phytoremediation and soil arability after phytoremediation. Soil pot experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamic changes of physicochemical properties in phenanthrene (a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)-contaminated soil under wheat and clover intercropping. The results showed that plants improved the pH values of phenanthrene-polluted soil with a maximum variation pH of 0.61. The difference in pH between wheat/clover intercropping and wheat/clover single cropping was not significant. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and available potassium decreased over the experiment period due to biodecomposition and plant root absorption. The intercropping of wheat and alfalfa accelerated the consumption of the above-mentioned nutrients. And the decrease percentages ranged from 5.24% to 57.85%, more than those of wheat or alfalfa only planted with decrease percentages between 6.29% and 39.09%. In particular, soil available nitrogen and availiable phosphorus decreased more than the other nutrients with a maximum reduction percentage of 57.85%. Therefore, the application of nitrogen and phosphorus must be paid more attention during phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in the wheat and alfalfa intercropping system.

Objective: To explore the influence of concealed penis on the morphology of the corpus cavernosum in rats., Methods: Rat models of concealed penis were established by intra-pocket-suture of the root of the penis. Fifty rats were equally assigned to Groups A (2-month) and B (4-month), each further divided into a buried (n = 15) and a normal subgroup (n = 10). Changes in the morphology of the penile cavernous tissue were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope., Results: Compared with Group A, Group B showed significant ultra-structural pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum, including abnormal arrangement of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, massive hyperplasia of interstitial tissues, narrowed cavernous sinus, atrophic smooth muscle cells, degenerated mitochondria, dilated endoplasmic reticula, decreased dense bodies and contractile fibers, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. No significant differences were found in the appearance and weight of the corpus cavernosum between the buried and normal groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Concealed penis does not significantly affect the appearance and weight of the corpus cavernosum, but causes ultra-structural pathological changes in it with the lengthening of time.

The dynamic changes of soil enzymatic activities during remediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil with clover or clover and wheat were investigated with pot experiments. Clover and wheat increased the activities of soil sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and phosphatase with an increase rate in the range of 14.72%-46.52%, but inhibited the catalase activity with an inhibition rate in the range of 36.13%-94.79%. Sucrase and polyphenol oxidase reached the maximum activity values at the 14th day, and urease and phosphatase at the 21th day. Catalase got to the minimum activity value at the 7th day. In the light of these, catalase was relatively more sensitive to phenanthrene than the other enzymes, and could be employed as a key indicator to evaluate the risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil during remedying. Sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities in wheat and clover intercropping system were significantly higher than in wheat or clover single-cropping system. Furthermore, there was a good negative correlation between catalase and sucrase (r = - 0.482), and polyphenol oxidase (r = -0.599), and urease (r = -0.329), and phosphatase (r = -0.297). Nonetheless, a good positive correlation existed among sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and phosphatase. It is concluded that in the process of phytoremediation, soil enzymes can be employed as indicators for soil quality, it is not necessary to monitor each enzymatic activity, but to the activity of a key enzyme.

Objective: To investigate the impact of experimental varicocele (EV) on the ipsilateral testis in rats., Methods: EV was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein in male SD rats, the control rats subjected to sham operation, and the testes of the EV models and controls were extirpated 6, 12, and 18 weeks later. Johnson's score, ultrastructure of seminiferous tubules, intratesticular testosterone concentration (ITC) and germ cell apoptotic index (AI) of each left testis were evaluated., Results: Johnson's scores were (6.92 +/- 0.52), (4.83 +/- 0.41) and (2.95 +/- 0.26), ITCswere (6.32 +/- 0.85), (5.17 +/- 0.76) and (4.11 +/- 0.69) and AIs were (5.32 +/- 1.23), (15.21 +/- 0.97) and (21.13 +/- 1.12) respectively in the 6 w , 12 w and 18 w EV groups, significantly lower than in the corresponding control groups, (9.56 +/- 0.35, 9.63 +/- 0.31, 9.39 +/- 0.46), (9.64 +/- 1.23, 9.38 +/- 0.69, 9.73 +/- 0.49) and (3.21 +/- 1.15, 3.43 +/- 1.21, 3.61 +/- 1. 15) (P < 0.05), the former two showing a gradual decline while the latter a significant elevation with the increasing duration of varicocele. The damage to the ultrastructure of seminiferous tubules was aggravated with the prolonging of varicocele., Conclusion: EV can cause a progressive decline of ITC, dyszoospermia and increased AI of germ cells.

Due to its wide industrial use, chromium is considered a serious environmental pollutant. Contamination of soil and water by chromium (Cr) is of recent concern. Chromium mainly accumulates in root in plants, and the change in compounds of the root cell wall have a close relation with the Cr accumulation. Compared with the other identification methods, the identification of the Chinese traditional and herbal drugs using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with OMNI collector is simple and convenient, fast and accurate. In the present paper, the spectra of cell wall of Cr-treated root and control of Eichhornia crassipes and Alternanthera philoxeroides were determined. Absorption peaks were identified to the corresponding functional groups and half-quantitative analysis was also used. The results showed that a significant shift of -OH absorption peaks can be seen when comparing the FTIR spectra of control and Cr-treated plants, and the absorbency of -OH and COO- groups went up in E. crassipes root cell wall while droped in A. philoxeroides root cell wall. It is suggested that -OH and COO groups were referred in binding Cr6+ in aqueous solutions, and this may be included in the mechanism of Cr accumulation in E. crassipes roots. Therefore, FTIR spectrometry could be widely used to monitor changes in chemical composition of plant parts under stresses and environmental restoration.

Objective: To explore the influence of buried penis on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of the corpus cavernosum in rats., Methods: The experimental model of concealed penis was established by intra-pocket-suture of the root of the penis. Two hundred and forty rats were equally randomized into a 2, a 4 and a 6 months group, each further divided into a buried (n = 50), a sham operation (n = 15) and a normal subgroup (n = 15). The development of the corpus cavernosum was surveyed by measuring its weight and the ratio to the body weight, followed by determination of NOS activity in the corpus cavernosum by spectrophotometry., Results: No significant differences were found in the corpus cavernosum weight, the body weight and their ratio among the buried, sham operation and normal groups in any experimental stage (P > 0.05). Buried penis decreased NOS activity in the 4- and 6-month groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) compared with the normal group, but effected no significant change in the 2-month group., Conclusion: Buried penis decreases the NOS activity of the corpus cavernosum in a positively time-related manner, but with no significant influence on its appearance and weight.

Objective: To probe into an effective method for treatment of hypertension., Methods: Eighty cases of hypertension were treated with sticking Jiangya Wentie Plan at Shenque (CV 8) and Yongquan (KI 1) as main., Results: Forty-eight were markedly effective, 29 cases were effective, 3 cases were ineffective, with an total effective rate of 96.25%., Conclusion: Acupoint sticking of Jiangya Wentie Plan has obvious therapeutic effect on hypertension.

Recent years have seen great progress in the researches on the pharmacotherapy of female sexual dysfunction( FSD). Estrogen replacement therapy is effective on female sexual pain and dyspareunia; androgen can improve female hyposexuality; and a variety of drugs and medication forms are being studied for their efficacy on FSD, including the 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, dopamine receptor stimulant, prostaglandin E1, adrenergic receptor blocker, some traditional Chinese medicine, and so on, which have yielded lots of inspiring findings.

Objective: To establish a stable rat experimental model of concealed penis for studying the effect of buried penis on the structure and function of the corpus cavernosum., Methods: Ninety male SD rats, aged 2 weeks, were randomly divided into 3 groups (A, B and C) of equal number. Groups A and B underwent surgery with intra-purse suture of the penile root and folding suture of the prepuce, respectively, to bury the penis, while Group C were included as sham operation controls., Results: In Group A, death resulted in 4 cases from acute post-operative urine retention, failure in burying the penis occurred in 5 cases because of soft tissue ulceration around the urethral orifice and in another 3 due to loose concealment. In Group B, 1 died from deep anesthesia and 2 from acute post-operative urine retention. With the penile development and erection, 7 in Group A and 10 in Group B protruded the penis in different stages. In Group C, 1 died from deep anesthesia. The operations succeeded in all the other rats in Groups A and B, with the success rates of 36.7% and 56.7%, respectively. And the concealment could be relieved any time during the experiment., Conclusion: The experimental rat model of concealed penis can be successfully established by both intra-purse suture of the penile root and folding suture of the prepuce, which is stable and similar to the natural course of this disorder in human.

Objective: To study on effects of injection of Huangqi Injectio into Zusanli (ST 36) on the hospital infection and immune function in the patient of schizophrenia., Methods: Thirty inpatients of chronic schizophrenia were treated with injection of Huangqi Injectio into bilateral Zusanli (ST 36), 2 mL each point, thrice each week, for 8 weeks. Relative immune indexes and the hospital infection were investigated., Results: The hospital infection and the sub-infection were 4 cases (13.3%), 7 cases-times (23.3%) in the injection group; and 9 cases (15.0%), 19 cases-times (31.7%) in the control group, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The drug-administration duration was 7.77 days/case and 11.87 days/case in the two groups, respectively (P<0.01). In the injection group, as compared with that of last 3 years the duration was 7.77 days/case and 14.08 days/case (P<0.01). IgG, IgA, IgM and T-cell subgroups did not have significant changes, but there was the most different value before and after injection in SIL-2R of the no-infection group, and the longer the drug administration duration, the smaller the different values., Conclusion: Injection of Huangqi Injectio into Zusanli (ST 36) has definite effect for prevention of the hospital infection in inpatients of chronic schizophrenia, and SIL-2R is a valuable index for investigation of the hospital of infection.

Objective: To screening specific biomarkers of oligospermic candidates from seminal plasma by proteomics technology., Methods: The protein spectra of 20 seminal plasma from oligospermic patients and healthy male individuals were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) to compare different protein expressions., Results: Compared with normal control group, a specific protein peak of molecular weight 11 022.9 in the protein spectra of oligospermic patients'semen on H4 protein-chip reduced significantly, but the protein peak of molecular weight 11 507.4 elevated apparently. For SAX-2 protein-chip, a specific protein peak of molecular weight 16 751.6 in the protein spectra of oligospermic patients' semen elevated significantly., Conclusion: Screening specific proteins in seminal plasma of oligospermic patients is important for understanding the mechanism of oligospermia and screening suspected oligospermic individuals.

Objective: To study the influence of estradiol benzoate (E2B) on the fluid reabsorption capacity of rat efferent ductuli., Methods: Newborn male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with E2B (0.2 mg/5 g body weight), and the histological morphology of efferent ductulus, epithelial ultrastructure, and immunoexpression of AQP-1 were investigated on postnatal day 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56, respectively. Vehicle was given to the controls., Results: After exposure to E2B, the lumina of the efferent ductuli dilated greatly (P < 0.05), and the epithelium height decreased significantly (P < 0.01), microvilli of nonciliated cells short and sparse, endocytic apparatus implicated in fluid reabsorption scarce, and with no AQP-1 expression., Conclusion: High dosage of E2 B neonatally administrated to rats damages the fluid reabsorption capacity of efferent ductuli.

Objective: To study the influence of estradiol benzoate (E2B) on the testis development of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats., Methods: Newborn male SD rats were injected subcutaneously with E2B (0.2 mg/5 g body weight). At days 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 after birth, the rats were sacrificed after anaesthesia, and their testes were taken out and weighed. The cranial and caudal SEH and TD were measured respectively, the TD/SEH ratio in each part of the testis and the caudal SEH/cranial SEH ratio were calculated, and different stages of spermatogenesis were analysed., Results: In the experimental group, the testis weight was significantly lower than that of the control (P < 0.01), the testes constantly remained in the abdominal cavity, and there was much fluid retention in the rete testis all the time. From day 21 on, the TD/SEH ratio in the cranial testis was much higher than in the control (P < 0.01), and so was the caudal SEH/cranial SEH ratio (P < 0.01). And spermatogenesis was obviously retarded as compared with the control (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Exposure of newborn male SD rats to E2B can cause fluid retention in the testis and cryptorchid, which in turn may retard spermatogenesis.

Aim: To study the permeability of nerve growth factor (NGF) liposomes (NGF-L, NGF-SSL, NGF-SSL-T) on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) model and the distribution in vivo, and analyze the correlation between the results in vitro and in vivo., Methods: The BBB model in vitro was established by using mouse brain microvascullar endothelial cell, and the model was applied to study the permeability of NGF liposomes. The distribution of NGF of each group was studied by 125I labeled and SDS-PAGE method., Results: The highest encapsulation proportion was 34%, and the mean size of NGF liposomes was below 100 nm. The permeability of NGF liposomes on in vitro BBB model showed that the liposome could promote NGF to transport across the BBB, the permeability of NGF-SSL-T was the highest. The distribution in the brain showed in an order of NGF concentration NGF-SSL-T > NGF-SSL + RMP-7 > NGF-SSL > NGF-L. There was a close relationship between P(e) (permeability coefficient on in vitro BBB model) and BUI (brain uptake constant in vivo)., Conclusion: Liposomes can promote NGF to transport across the BBB, and the transporting ability BBB of NGF-SSL-T which RMP-7 incorporated into the surface of NGF liposomes is the best.

Objective: To establish an in vitro model of brain-blood barrier (BBB) using cultured mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC)., Methods: Mouse BMVEC were seeded on micro-pore membrane of gelatin-coated cell culture insert and cultured to confluence. The establishment of BBB was preliminary judged by a 4 h water-leaking test. The tight junctions between BMVEC were demonstrated by scanning and transmission electron microscope. The transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER) over BMVEC was measured. The permeability of Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) through the BBB was analyzed and the effect of RMP-7 on permeability of the BBB was investigated., Results: The 4 h water-leaking test became positive when BMVEC were cultured to confluence. By scanning and transmission electron microscope, the tight junctions were demonstrated on confluent BMVEC. The TEER over BMVEC monolayer increased 3.2 and 7.68 times and the permeability rates for HRP were 13.4% and 6.7% respectively, as compared with sub-confluent BMVEC and human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer(HUVEC). The HRP permeability rate in the model of BBB increased 2.7 times after treatment with RMP-7., Conclusion: The established in vitro model of BBB has basic characteristics of BBB in vivo, and is suitable for central nervous system (CNS) drug research over BBB.

Objective: To investigate the expression of PCNA and p27 in human benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PCa) and their effect on the genesis and progression of the tumor., Methods: The paraffin-embedded sections of 30 cases with BPH and 37 cases with PCa were collected. The expression of p27 and PCNA protein were examined by S-P immunohistochemical method. Comparative analysis for BPH and pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa was performed., Results: The expression of PCNA in BPH (3.3%) was significantly lower than that in Pca (83.8%, P < 0.01). The expression of p27 in BPH (70.0%) was significantly higher than that in Pca (27.0%, P < 0.05). The expression of p27 was not correlated with histological grade and clinical stage in Pca (P > 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between p27 and PCNA expression in BPH (P < 0.01), while no correlation was found in Pca (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The loss or decreased expression of p27 protein may be related to the genesis of benign prostate hypertrophy, but not to the development of prostate carcinoma; the overexpression of PCNA may play an important role in the malignant behavior and progression of prostate carcinoma.

Aim: To study the therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome (AmB-L) targeting to the brain in mice with meningitis., Methods: Amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain were prepared by film-sonication method. Their concentration and encapsulation percentage were determined. The Candida albicans was injected into the brain of BALB/c mice and the meningitis model was set up. Then the therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain was studied., Results: The encapsulation percentage of amphotericin B liposome was 93.3%. The meningitis model was set up after the Candida albicans was injected into the brain of BALB/c mice for 2 h. The therapeutic efficiency was increased after conjugating RMP-7 (the commercial nama is Cereport) to the surface of amphotericin B liposome., Conclusion: The therapeutic efficiency of Amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain in the mice with meningitis was better than that of the common amphotericin B liposome and the life of the mice in AmB-L-PEG-RMP-7 group was longer than that of the mice in AmB-L-PEG group and AmB-L-PEG + RMP-7 group.

Basidiomycete PM2, a lignin-degrading white rot fungus, produces lgnin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese peroxidase (Mnp) in nutrient nitrogen limited liquid cultures. This fungus was selected for its ability to decolorize azo group of dyes. In order to improve production of the peroxidases and rapid dye decolorizing activity by basidiomycete PM2, the addition of veratryl alcohol or Tween 80 to nutrient nitrogen limited liquid cultures were tested. It was found to have a large stimulatory effect on Mnp activities and decolorization rate of azo dyes. A maximum Mnp activities of 254.2 u/L with veratryl alcohol and 192.2 u/L with Tween 80 were achieved respectively. These values were about 3.4-fold and 2.5-fold higher than that obtained in the control cultures (without alcohol or Tween 80), whereas the levels of Lip activity detected were very low (about 12 u/L)in all the cultures. In further experiments using three kinds of azo dyes of congo red, orange G and orange IV, enzyme activities and dye decolorization were investigated in the above-mentioned cultures. The results showed that Mnp activities and decolorization were notably higher than those obtained in the control cultures in the presence of azo dyes. Cultures supplemented with Tween 80 were more adequate for dye decolorization. The rates of the decolorization with Tween 80 of congo red (95.4%), orange G (98.5%) and orange IV (54.4%) after 24 hours of dye incubation were higher than that supplemented with veratryl alcohol. According to the results, Mnp activities secreted by basidiomycete PM2 play an essential role in the process of dye decolorization. Tween 80 was the main factor affecting the decolorization. The analysis of structure of the three kinds of azo dyes indicats that the extent of decolorization is affected by the dye molecular structure. The types and quantity of the substituted groups on the aromatic ring of azo dyes have effect on the percentage of biological decolorization.

Objective: To evaluate the selection of the type of prosthesis in revision hip arthroplasty., Methods: There were 33 hips in our study, male in 7 hips and female in 26 hips. The average age of the patients were 59 years. The reasons of the revision included aseptic loosing in 22 hips, infection in 8 hips (2 infection hips with discharging sinuses), and acetabular erosion in 3 hips. The operations for revision were 13 cemented and 12 cementless acetabular prosthesis with autograft in morselized form; the femoral revision were all selected in cemented prosthesis. The revision for infection hip were all cemented prosthesis of extensively porouse-coated., Results: The average follow-up duartion was 3.9 years and 11 months. There was a radiolucency but no clinical instability accompanied in 2 hips and remaining moderate pain in 4 hips. No dislocation and fracture were seen in the series. Harris score were improved to 82.4 (68-88)., Conclusion: The commonest reason of revision hip arthroplasty was aseptic loosing. The acetabular prosthesis in revision could select cemented or cementless components and femoral prosthesis could select extensively coated stem. The cemented components could yield good results in infection hips revision.

Objective: To develop olfactory dysfunctioned animal model by injuring olfactory blub(s) and to investigate the characteristics of olfactory evoked potential., Methods: The changes of OEP in rabbits were observed at 24 h, 48 h and 1 w after olfactory bulb(s) were electrolytically injured. The pathological and ultrastructural changes of olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb were also observed., Results: When unilateral olfactory bulb was damaged, N2 vanished with elongated latencies and lowered amplitudes of N1 and P1. When both olfactory bulbs were damaged, N1 and N2 were absent, only P1 could be recorded. The latency was extended obviously and the amplitude had a big change. Histopathology and ultrastructure showed that there were a lot of inflammatory cells and degenerated neurons scattered around OB 24 hours to 48 hours after injure. It was observed that the olfactory cilia had distraction perversion and colliquefaction changes., Conclusion: Different degree of olfactory bulb injury caused different effect on OEPs. These changes of potential were based on the histopathology and ultrastructure.

Aim: To study the action of RMP-7 and its derivative on transporting liposome across the blood brain barrier (BBB) into the brain., Methods: RMP-7 and DSPE-PEG-NHS [[1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-[poly (ethylene-glycol)]-hydroxy succinamide]] were conjugated together in mild condition and MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) was used to determine their molecular ratio. An in vitro BBB model was established and used to determine in vitro bioactivity of RMP-7 and its derivative. The fluorescence of brain slices and the Evens Blue (EB) concentration in the brain, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of each group were used to evaluate the in vivo bioactivity of RMP-7 and its derivative on transporting liposome across the BBB., Results: The average molecular weight (MW) of the reaction product was 4,900, while those of DSPE-PEG-NHS and RMP-7 were 3,224 and 1,098. The results demonstrated that RMP-7 was conjugated to DSPE-PEG-NHS at the molecular ratio of 1:1, so the product was DSPE-PEG-RMP-7. RMP-7 and DSPE-PEG-RMP-7 was shown to improve the transporting of peralcohol enzyme across the in vitro BBB model 2-3 times higher than the peralcohol enzyme only. DSPE-PEG-RMP-7 could facilitate the transporting of EB into brain more easily than RMP-7., Conclusion: Both RMP-7 and DSPE-PEG-RMP-7 could facilitate the transporting of liposome across the BBB, especially DSPE-PEG-RMP-7.

Aim: Some surfactants such as DSPE-PEG, Tween 80 and Brij 35 were used to modify the amphotericin B liposome, improve the stability, optimize the tissue distribution and decrease the toxicity of amphotericin B liposome., Methods: The amphotericin B liposome was prepared by the film-supersound method. The effects of cholesterol and amphotericin B on the encapsulation percentage were studied. The diameter, leakage percentage in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) and calf blood serum, and tissue distributions of amphotericin B liposome in the rat were determined., Results: The top encapsulation percentage of amphotericin B liposome is (91.2 +/- 1.6)%. After modification with DSPE-PEG, Tween 80 and Brij 35, the encapsulation percentages were improved, the average diameters were decreased and the stabilities were improved, the amphotericin B concentrations in the liver, spleen and kidney were decreased, and the amphotericin B concentrations in the brain were increased, especially in the AmB-L-Tween 80 group., Conclusion: DSPE-PEG and Brij 35 could decrease the clearing of reticuroendothelial systems(RES) to the amphotericin B liposome and Tween 80 could facilitate the transporting of amphotericin B liposome into the brain.

Aim: To prepare thrombus-targeted urokinase liposomes and observe its improved thrombolytic efficacy on thrombus model rats., Methods: The ligand H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-OH (RGDS) which has specific affinity to thrombus was synthesized by liquid phase method and anchored on the surface of liposomes by incorporating its conjugate with DSPE-PEG3,500-COOH into liposomal lipid bilayers, thus thrombus-targeted liposomes were produced. Urokinase (UK) liposomes were prepared at room temperature through method modification using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC); the in vivo thrombolysis of the obtained thrombus-targeted UK liposomes and its comparison with TBS (Tris-HCl buffered solution) control, free UK and UK liposomes were assessed on common carotid artery model rats., Results: The obtained liposomes were characteristic of high UK entrapment efficiency, small mean diameter and good storage stability. At the same dose (60,000 U.kg-1), compared to the wet thrombi weights of TBS control group, those of free UK group and UK liposome group showed no statistical difference, while those of targeted UK liposomes group were significantly decreased (P < 0.001); when evaluated in term of dry thrombi weights the result was slightly different. Compared to UK liposomes of the same dose, the targeted UK liposomes showed significantly improved thrombolytic efficacy (P < 0.01 in wet weights decrease and P < 0.05 in dry weights decrease respectively)., Conclusion: The targeted UK liposomes displayed good targeted thrombolytic effect.

Objectives: To investigate the cause of spermatogenic cells decreasing after spinal cord injury., Methods: Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of iNOS and Bcl-2 protein in the testis of spinal cord injured and sham-operated adult rats in second week and fourth week after operation., Results: Second week and fourth week after operation, the expression of iNOS of operated rats increased significantly (P < 0.05). Fourth week after operation, the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in spinal cord injured group decreased significantly (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The expression veition of iNOS and Bcl-2 is the cause that inducing the decrease of spermatogenic cells in testis of spinal cord injured rats.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of experimental varicocele on apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in rats., Methods: Experimental varicocele was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein in Wistar rat. Apoptosis cells were detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotityl transferase-mediated dTUP nick end labeling(TUNEL) technique., Results: There was certain proportion of apoptosis cells in spermatogenic cells in control group rats. The incidence of apoptosis increased remarkably in experimental group, the testicular growth was slower than that in control group., Conclusions: The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells caused by varicocele may play an important role in leading to subfertility.