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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease whose main characteristic is the destruction of articular cartilage, causing pain and disability in patients and seriously affecting their quality of life. OA can be induced by a variety of causes, and pathological changes in articular cartilage are considered to be one of the key driving factors for the occurrence of OA. High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), as a non-histone protein in eukaryotic cells, can participate in regulating the inflammation and apoptosis process of OA chondrocytes, thus leading to the occurrence of OA. This article reviews the research on the mechanism of HMGB1 in OA chondrocytes, with a view to providing new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of OA.

BACKGROUND Leucosphenite, a borosilicate mineral with a biaxial monoclines crystal structure, is a typical hydrothermal mineral. The mineralogy of leucosphenite in the shale of the Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin in China has not been studied, and its genesis is not clear. OBJECTIVES To understand the mineralogical characteristics of leucosphenite in the Fengcheng Formation and its genesis. METHODS Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the mineral composition and crystal structure. RESULTS The crystal size of the leucosphenite in the Fengcheng Formation is at micron scale, and the morphology is plate-like or short columnar. Leucosphenite is associated with reedmergnerite. Leucosphenite is composed of 12.64% BaO, 13.47%TiO2, 10.69% Na2O, 53.46% SiO2, and 10.11% B2O3. Crystal planes corresponding to d=4.22(-220), d=8.45(-110), d=3.37(-112) are the three most developed planes. CONCLUSIONS The element composition and crystal diffraction characteristics of leucosphenite in the Fengcheng Formation are consistent with that found abroad, but the former is richer in B. Due to the obvious positive correlation between B content and salinity in the hydrothermal fluid, the leucosphenite of the Fengcheng Formation was formed in the hydrothermal fluid with higher salinity. Deep hydrothermal fluids intruded into the shale of the Fengcheng Formation, forming reedmergnerite and leucosphenite in turn.

Combined with the occurrence characteristics of China’s low permeability coal seam and the advantages and disadvantages of various permeability enhancement technologies, the technical methods to improve the permeability of coal seam are classified and compared, and the technology, equipment, application effect, existing problems and defects and applicable conditions of each permeability enhancement method are systematically sorted out. The development trend of permeability enhancement technology is prospected, and it is pointed out that permeability enhancement technology will work in combination with various permeability enhancement methods, and permeability enhancement equipment will develop towards intelligent and unmanned direction.

[Objective] The rapid development of nuclear technology and the continuous expansion of nuclear energy applications have focused engineering research on the conceptual design and shielding calculations of advanced reactors. The development of third-generation advanced modular small reactors has elevated the requirements for the types of neutron-shielding materials, equipment quality, and compactness of design. For shielding, these materials must exhibit good neutron and y-ray slowing down and absorption performance and have excellent mechanical properties to ensure structural integrity during long-term operation. Traditional shielding materials mostly rely on simple high-hydrogen-content compounds, high-density metal, and boron-containing concrete materials. However, when shielding small solid-state reactors, they gradually exhibit shortcomings in physical and mechanical performances. Addressing the inadequacies in the design and application research of composite shielding solutions for current small solid-state reactors, lightweight materials with excellent composite shielding performance can effectively meet the radiation shielding needs in complex geometric structures and operational scenarios. [Methods] This study selected lightweight materials with excellent performance for a single-tube neutron radiation detection system and conducted relevant performance experiments. Theoretical values and experimental results were cross validated through uncertainty simulations. After a comprehensive comparison of the physical performances and processing costs of neutron slowing down and absorption materials, coupled with discussions on the feasibility of neutron-shielding experiments in an experimental environment, boron carbide, titanium hydride, and zirconium hydride were chosen as the shielding materials for this experiment. Special-sized containers were customized, and samples encapsulated in organic glass and PVC materials were prepared. Performance tests of the shielding materials were conducted by counting the number of neutrons at counter positions in the single-tube neutron radiation detection system. The experimental data, including counting averages (n/s), sample variance, and the characterized shielding effectiveness, were recorded, summarized, and analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the detection system was modeled using the independently developed reactor Monte Carlo code by the REAL team at Tsinghua University. Monte Carlo particle transport simulations were used to validate the consistency between experimental and theoretical data. [Results] The experimental results indicate the following findings: 1) The shielding enclosure device comprising PVC material has virtually no impact on background neutron counts, while the use of organic glass material leads to a substantial effect, reaching 5%-6%. 2) Under the experimental conditions, boron carbide exhibits a noticeable absorption effect on neutrons, with a 3 mm thickness already achieving a considerable absorption effect at nearly an order of magnitude. 3) Under equivalent experimental conditions, the shielding effectiveness of titanium hydride and zirconium hydride is unsubstantial. However, titanium hydride slightly outperforms zirconium hydride. This superiority is observed because, in hydrogen-containing materials, titanium hydride and zirconium hydride have the same proportion of hydrogen nuclei. Because of the slightly higher neutron absorption cross-section of titanium nuclei compared to zirconium nuclei, the absorption effect makes titanium hydride slightly better than zirconium hydride in overall shielding effectiveness. 4) The experimental data collected align well with Monte Carlo simulation calculations, indicating the correctness of the experimental approach in this study.[Conclusions] The data and conclusions obtained from this study on lightweight shielding materials with specific characteristics apply to other novel shielding systems and devices. The research indicates that under equivalent irradiation conditions, shielding effectiveness increases in the order of boron carbide, titanium hydride, and zirconium hydride. Simulations and experiments provide guidance and validation, establishing a solid theoretical foundation for introducing composite diffusive shielding materials into portable small nuclear power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of serious deformation and damage of soft rock roadway in deep well and difficult support, numerical simulation methods and field industrial tests in underground were used to study the stability and support scheme of soft rock roadway in deep well. The results indicated that in comparison with rectangular roadway, the use of arched roadway as the layout shape of the roadway section can effectively improve the stress state and stress value of the surrounding rock after the roadway excavated, and can enhance the stability of the roadway to a certain extent. Based on the related analysis of the original support status of the soft rock roadway outside the vein, a composite support technology of + anchor mesh + sprayed concrete + steel support" was proposed. It was concluded from underground field industrial tests that this adopted composite support scheme can effectively control the deformation and failure of weak and broken surrounding rock roadway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the resources, logistics, and living conditions of British and French military personnel stationed in Yokohama, Japan from 1863 to 1875. The stability of the Japanese government following the opening of the nation to Western trade and influence in 1854 is examined and the foreign policies of the era are discussed. It notes that the military garrisons in Yokohama were created by Western nations in order to protect foreign residents living under an unstable Japanese political system.

The traditional shearer rocker gear fault diagnosis methods cannot extract features autonomously, resulting in poor gear fault diagnosis accuracy and efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, a fault diagnosis model of shearer rocker gear based on deep residual network (ResNet) is constructed. By pre-activating the residual unit module, the complexity of the model is reduced so as to make the model converge faster. By reorganizing the vibration signal data, the data input method is optimized so as to improve the model's ability to identify the fault of shearer rocker gear. Model verification tests are carried out on the rocker gear loading test bench of shearer to collect vibration signals of the rocker spur gears under five states of normal, worn, fractured, pitting and cracked. It is concluded that there are significant differences in their characteristics. The visual analysis of the confusion matrix of the test set verifies that the ResNet model can realizeshearer rocker gear fault classification well. Moreover, the comparison results with the DNN model and LeNet-5 model show that the ResNet model has higher fault diagnosis accuracy and efficiency. The comprehensive recognition rate and F-score reach 99.19% and 99.05% respectively. The t-SNE technology is used to reducedimension and visualize the high-dimensional features output from the maximum pooling layer, the pre-activated residual unit module and the fully connected layer of the ResNet model, which verifies that the ResNet model has strong feature extraction capability.

Objective: To investigate the medium- and long-term effectiveness of hip revision with SL-PLUS MIA stem in patients with Paprosky typeⅠ-Ⅲ femoral bone defect., Methods: Between June 2012 and December 2018, 44 patients with Paprosky typeⅠ-Ⅲ femoral bone defect received hip revision using SL-PLUS MIA stem. There were 28 males and 16 females, with an average age of 57.7 years (range, 31-76 years). Indications for revision comprised aseptic loosening (27 cases) and periprosthetic joint infection (17 cases). The Harris hip scores were 54 (48, 60) and 43 (37, 52) in patients with aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection, respectively. The preoperative femoral bone defects were identified as Paprosky type Ⅰ in 32 cases, type Ⅱ in 9 cases, type ⅢA in 2 cases, and type ⅢB in 1 case. Operation time and intraoperative blood transfusion volume were recorded. During follow-up after operation, the hip joint function were evaluated by Harris hip score and X-ray films, the femoral stem survival was analyzed, and the surgical related complications were recorded., Results: The operation time of infected patients was 95-215 minutes, with an average of 125.0 minutes. The intraoperative blood transfusion volume was 400-1 800 mL, with an average of 790.0 mL. The operation time of patients with aseptic loosening was 70-200 minutes, with an average of 121.0 minutes. The intraoperative blood transfusion volume was 400-1 400 mL, with an average of 721.7 mL. All patients were followed up 5.3-10.0 years (mean, 7.4 years). At last follow-up, the Harris hip scores were 88 (85, 90) and 85 (80, 88) in patients with aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those before operation ( P <0.05). Radiological examination results showed that the distal end of the newly implanted femoral stem did not cross the distal end of the original prosthesis in 25 cases, and all femoral stems obtained bone fixation. Two cases experienced femoral stem subsidence and 1 case had a translucent line on the lateral side of the proximal femoral stem. When aseptic loosening was defined as the end event, the 10-year survival rate of the SL-PLUS MIA stem was 100%. When treatment failure due to any reason was defined as the end event, the survival time of the prosthesis was (111.70±3.66) months, and the 7-year survival rate was 95.5%. The 7-year survival rates were 94.1% and 96.3% in patients with aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection, respectively. The incidence of postoperative complications was 9.1% (4/44), among which the prosthesis related complications were 4.5% (2/44), 1 case of dislocation and 1 case of infection recurrence., Conclusion: Hip revision with SL-PLUS MIA stem has the advantages of simple operation and few postoperative complications in the patients with Paprosky type Ⅰ-Ⅲ femoral bone defect, and the medium- and long-term effectiveness is reliable.

Reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) models from two-dimensional (2D) images is necessary for preoperative planning and the customization of joint prostheses. However, the traditional statistical modeling reconstruction shows a low accuracy due to limited 3D characteristics and information loss. In this study, we proposed a new method to reconstruct the 3D models of femoral images by combining a statistical shape model with Laplacian surface deformation, which greatly improved the accuracy of the reconstruction. In this method, a Laplace operator was introduced to represent the 3D model derived from the statistical shape model. By coordinate transformations in the Laplacian system, novel skeletal features were established and the model was accurately aligned with its 2D image. Finally, 50 femoral models were utilized to verify the effectiveness of this method. The results indicated that the precision of the method was improved by 16.8%-25.9% compared with the traditional statistical shape model reconstruction. Therefore, the method we proposed allows a more accurate 3D bone reconstruction, which facilitates the development of personalized prosthesis design, precise positioning, and quick biomechanical analysis.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy, safety, and short-term effectiveness of a domestic robot-assisted system in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by a multicenter randomized controlled trial., Methods: Between December 2021 and February 2023, 138 patients with knee osteoarthritis who received TKA in 5 clinical centers were prospectively collected, and 134 patients met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either a trial group ( n =68) or a control group ( n =66). Seven patients had lost follow-up and missing data, so they were excluded and the remaining 127 patients were included for analysis, including 66 patients in the trial group and 61 patients in the control group. There was no significant difference ( P >0.05) in gender, age, body mass index, side, duration of osteoarthritis, Kellgren-Lawrence grading, preoperative Knee Society Score (KSS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score between the two groups. The trial group completed the TKA by domestic robot-assisted osteotomy according to the preoperative CT-based surgical planning. The control group was performed by traditional osteotomy plate combined with soft tissue release. Total operation time, osteotomy time of femoral/tibial side, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The radiographs were taken at 5 and 90 days after operation, and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal angle of femur (LDFA), and posterior tibial slope (PTS) were measured. The difference between the measured values of the above indexes at two time points after operation and the preoperative planning target values was calculated, and the absolute value (absolute error) was taken for comparison between the two groups. The postoperative recovery of lower limb alignment was judged and the accuracy was calculated. KSS score and WOMAC score were used to evaluate the knee joint function of patients before operation and at 90 days after operation. The improvement rates of KSS score and WOMAC score were calculated. The function, stability, and convenience of the robot-assisted system were evaluated by the surgeons., Results: The total operation time and femoral osteotomy time of the trial group were significantly longer than those of the control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the tibial osteotomy time and the amount of intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( P> 0.05). The incisions of both groups healed by first intention after operation, and there was no infection around the prosthesis. Nine patients in the trial group and 8 in the control group developed lower extremity vascular thrombosis, all of which were calf intermuscular venous thrombosis, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications ( P >0.05). All patients were followed up 90 days. There was no significant difference in KSS score and WOMAC score between the two groups at 90 days after operation ( P >0.05). There was significant difference in the improvement rate of KSS score between the two groups ( P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in the improvement rate of WOMAC score between the two groups ( P >0.05). Radiological results showed that the absolute errors of HKA and LDFA in the trial group were significantly smaller than those in the control group at 5 and 90 days after operation ( P <0.05), and the recovery accuracy of lower limb alignment was significantly higher than that in control group ( P <0.05). The absolute error of PTS in the trial group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at 5 days after operation ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference at 90 days between the two groups ( P >0.05). The functional satisfaction rate of the robot-assisted system was 98.5% (65/66), and the satisfaction rates of stability and convenience were 100% (66/66)., Conclusion: Domestic robot-assisted TKA is a safe and effective surgical treatment for knee osteoarthritis, which can achieve favorable lower limb alignment reconstruction, precise implant of prosthesis, and satisfactory functional recovery.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of advanced active knee tuberculosis., Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with advanced active knee tuberculosis who received one-stage TKA between January 2011 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 males and 18 females. The age ranged from 20 to 84 years, with an average of 52.8 years. The body mass index ranged from 17 to 36 kg/m 2 , with an average of 23.05 kg/m 2 . The preoperative C reactive protein (CRP) was (23.49±4.72) mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was (45.95±8.82) mm/1 h. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score was 48.8±9.1. During the operation, the infected lesions of the knee joint were completely removed, and the operative area was repeatedly soaked with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and 0.5% povidone iodine solution. The intraoperative pathological examination confirmed the tuberculosis of the knee joint, and systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment was performed. The operation time, postoperative hospitalization stay, postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy time, and complications were recorded. CRP and ESR were recorded and compared before and after operation. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of the knee joint were taken to evaluate whether the prosthesis had signs of loosening and sinking, and to determine whether there was recurrence of tuberculosis. The knee joint function was evaluated by HSS score. With treatment failure due to any reason as the end event, the survival time of prosthesis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve., Results: All operations were successfully completed without fracture, vascular and nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis, and other complications. All incisions healed by first intention after operation. The operation time ranged from 80 to 135 minutes, with an average of 102.76 minutes; postoperative hospitalization stay was 5-16 days, with an average of 9.7 days; the duration of postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy ranged from 1 to 18 months, and the median duration was 12 months. All 38 cases were followed up 3-133 months (mean, 63.7 months). At last follow-up, CRP was (4.88±1.24) mg/L and ESR was (13.00±2.97) mm/1 h, both of which were significantly lower than those before operation ( t =20.647, P <0.001; t =20.886, P <0.001). During the follow-up, 3 patients (7.89%) had tuberculosis recurrence. Two patients had tuberculosis recurrence due to withdrawal of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy at 1 and 2 months after operation, respectively. One patient was cured after debridement, preservation of prosthesis and anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for 12 months, and 1 patient was cured after oral administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs for 12 months. Another 1 patient had recurrent tuberculosis and mixed infection ( Corynebacterium gehreni ) at 2 months after operation, and the infection was not controlled after debridement, and finally the thigh was amputated. Except for the patients with recurrent infection, no complications such as prosthesis loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and periprosthetic infection were found. At last follow-up, the HSS score of the knee joint was 86.8±4.8, and the knee joint function significantly improved when compared with that before operation ( t =-31.198, P <0.001). Prosthesis survival time was (122.57±5.77) months [95% CI (111.25, 133.88) months], and the 10-year survival rate was 92.1%., Conclusion: One-stage TKA combined with postoperative antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced active knee tuberculosis can achieve satisfactory infection control and joint function.

Objective: To summarize the effectiveness of acetabulum reconstruction with autologous femoral head structural bone graft in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for Hartofilakidis type Ⅱ developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)., Methods: A clinical data of 24 patients (27 hips) with Hartofilakidis type Ⅱ DDH, who underwent acetabulum reconstruction with autologous femoral head structural bone graft in primary THA between October 2012 and October 2020, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 males and 21 females, with an average age of 40 years (range, 20-58 years). The body mass index was 19.5-35.0 kg/m² with an average of 25.0 kg/m². There were 21 cases of unilateral hip and 3 cases of bilateral hips. The hip Harris score was 51.1±10.0. The leg length discrepancy of unilateral hip patients was (19.90±6.24) mm. The intraoperative blood loss, wound healing, and complications were recorded. The postoperative bone union, coverage rates of acetabular prosthesis and bone graft, and aseptic loosening of the prosthesis were evaluated based on X-ray films, and the improvement of hip function was observed by Harris score., Results: The intraoperative blood loss was 50-1000 mL (median, 350 mL). All incisions healed by first intention, and no fracture, hematoma, infection, or other complications occurred. Sciatic nerve injury occurred in 1 case (1 hip) and deep venous thrombosis occurred in 1 case (1 hip). All patients were followed up 15-103 months (median, 40.5 months). At last follow-up, Harris score was 92.6±4.1 and the difference was significant when compared with preoperative value ( t =-28.043, P =0.000). No hip prosthesis needed revision. X-ray films showed that the coverage rate of acetabular prosthesis was 91%-100% (mean, 97.8%), and the coverage rate of bone graft was 13%-46% (mean, 23.8%). The healing time of bone graft was 3-6 months (mean, 4.7 months). At last follow-up, all bone grafts completely healed without any signs of collapse. There was no graft resorption, ectopic ossification or osteolysis, or obvious aseptic loosening of the acetabular and femoral prostheses. The leg length discrepancy of unilateral hip patients was (2.86±2.18) mm, and the difference was significant when compared with preoperative value ( t =17.028, P =0.000)., Conclusion: For Hartofilakidis type Ⅱ DDH patients, if the lateral acetabular prosthesis not covered by the host bone exceeds 5 mm in primary THA, autologous femoral head can be used for structural bone grafting, and the short- and mid-term effectiveness are favorable.

Objective: To investigate the difference of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with tantalum monoblock tibial component (TMT) and cemented tibial plateau prosthesis in patients of different ages., Methods: The clinical data of 248 patients (392 knees) who underwent primary TKA between May 2014 and May 2019 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. There were 54 males (98 knees) and 194 females (294 knees). Of the 122 patients (183 knees), less than 65 years old, 52 (75 knees, group A1) were treated with TMT and 70 (108 knees, group B1) were treated with cemented tibial plateau prosthesis; of the 126 patients (209 knees), more than 65 years old, 57 (82 knees, group A2) were treated with TMT and 69 (127 knees, group B2) were treated with cemented tibial plateau prosthesis. The baseline data of patients, perioperative indicators [hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), total blood loss, unilateral operation time], effectiveness evaluation indicators [Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Knee Society Scoring System (KSS) score, active flexion and extension range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint], complications, and imaging indicators [tibial prosthesis varus angle (β angle), tibial prosthesis posterior slope angle (δ angle), tibio-femoral angle, occurrence of radiolucent line, prosthesis survival rate] were recorded and compared., Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age, height, weight, body mass index, Kellgren-Lawrence grading, the length of hospital stay, and follow-up time between groups A1, B1 and groups A2, B2 ( P >0.05). The unilateral operation time in groups A1 and A2 was significantly shorter than that in the corresponding groups B1 and B2 ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in differences of pre- and post-operative Hb and Hct and total blood loss between groups A1, B1 and groups A2, B2 ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative effectiveness evaluation indicators between groups A1, B1 and groups A2, B2 ( P >0.05). There were significant differences in the differences of pre- and post-operative WOMAC activity and pain scores, KSS function and pain scores, and VAS scores between groups A1 and B1 ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference in WOMAC stiffness score and ROM ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the above indicators between groups A2 and B2 ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications (2.7% vs 6.5%, 3.7% vs 3.1%) and prosthesis survival rate (100% vs 97.2%, 100% vs 99.2%) between groups A1, B1 and groups A2, B2 ( P >0.05). During follow-up, there was no significant difference in β angle, δ angle, and tibio-femoral angle between groups A1, B1 and groups A2, B2 ( P >0.05). In the evaluation of knee X-ray radiolucent line, 2 knees of group A1 and 2 knees of group A2 had radiolucent line at prosthesis-bone interface immediately after operation, and the radiolucent line was gradually filled by new bone, without new radiolucent line. During follow-up, 1 knee of group B1 and 1 knee of group B2 had prosthesis-bone interface radiolucent line, without radiolucent line widening or prosthesis loosening., Conclusion: TMT is recommended in patients less than 65 years old, and the two types of prostheses are available for patients nore than 65 years old. However, the long-term effectiveness of the two types of prosthesis in patients of different ages needs further follow-up.

Objective: To simulate and validate the performance, accuracy, and safety of the Yuanhua robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty system (YUANHUA-TKA) through cadaver-based experiment, thus optimizing the robotic system for the future human clinical application., Methods: Six unilateral adult cadaver specimens of the lower limbs were scanned by three-dimensional CT before the experiment, and then the three-dimensional models of femur and tibia were obtained by using the preoperative software of YUANHUA-TKA system, so as to plan the type of prosthesis implant, the osteotomy volume and osteotomy angles [hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), coronal frontal femoral component (FFC) and frontal tibial component (FTC)], the ideal value of HKA was set to 180°, and of FFC and FTC were set to 90°, respectively. The operator could further confirm the osteotomy plan according to the intraoperative situation before osteotomy, and then install the prosthesis after completing the osteotomy in each plane with the assistance of YUANHUA-TKA system. At last, the X-ray films of hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint were taken and stitched into the full length X-ray film of the lower limb, and HKA, coronal FFC and FTC were measured., Results: During the experiment, YUANHUA-TKA system ran stably. All sections of femur and tibia were smooth and no ligament injury was found. After operation, the HKA was 177.1°-179.7°, FFC was 87.9°-91.4°, and FTC was 87.3°-91.4°, which were within ±3° from the ideal values of preoperative planning., Conclusion: The YUANHUA-TKA system can assist the surgeon to carry out precise osteotomy according to the preoperative planned value, which has a good auxiliary effect for total knee arthroplasty. It is expected to assist joint surgeons to improve the surgical accuracy in clinical application.

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of six cephalosporin (cephalexin, cephapirin, cefotaxime, cefazolin, cefalonium and cefquinome) residues in milk was developed by QuEChERS coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).The milk samples were extracted with 10 mL acetonitrile containing 1%(v/v) acetic acid, and then centrifuged for 10 min.The supernatant was cleaned up with 100 mg C18 adsorbent powder.The analytes were separated on a reversed phase HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1%(v/v) formic acid as mobile phases with gradient elution.An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.The analytes were quantified using an external standard method.The linear relationships of the six cephalosporins were good and the correlation coefficients ( r ) were greater than 0.999.The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) for the analytes were in the range of 0.2-0.6 μg/kg and 0.8-2 μg/kg, respectively.The recoveries of the target analytes were between 75.1% and 94.4% at spiked levels of 8, 16, 80 μg/kg.The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were no more than 8.3%( n =6).The method is simple and sensitive, and can be suitable for the analysis of the cephalosporin residues in milk.

Objectives: To develop a diagrammatic recording system for choledochoscopy and evaluate the system with clinical application., Methods: To match the real-time image and procedure illustration during choledochoscopy examination, we combined video-image capture and speech recognition technology to quickly generate personalized choledochoscopy images and texts records. The new system could be used in sharing territorial electronic medical records, telecommuting, scientific research and education, et al., Results: In the clinical application of 32 patients, the choledochoscopy diagrammatic recording system could significantly improve the surgeons' working efficiency and patients' satisfaction. It could also meet the design requirement of remote information interaction., Conclusions: The choledochoscopy diagrammatic recording system which is recommended could elevate the quality of medical service and promote academic exchange and training.

Objective To detect IgG antibody against Candida enolase in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. Methods Using purified recombinant Candida enolase as the coating antigen, an ELISA was established for enolase IgG antibody detection and the reactive conditions were optimized. The enolase IgG antibody in the sera from patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy controls were detected by ELISA. The specificity of the positive sera was confirmed by Western blotting. Results The study collected 70 serum samples from the patients with autoimmune diseases and 44 from the healthy individuals. ELISA showed anti-Candida enolase IgG antibody in 19 cases of the autoimmune disease group and and 3 cases of the healthy control group, the positive rates of which were 27.14% (19/70) and 6.82% (3/44), respectively. In the autoimmune disease group, the positive rate of anti-Candida enolase IgG antibody in the systemic lupus erythematosus patients was 45.8% (11/24), significant higher than that in the rheumatoid arthritis patients (11.8%, 2/17). Western blotting validated the specificity of the positive sera. Conclusion The positive rate of anti-Candida enolase IgG antibody in patients with autoimmune disease is high, which would be an interference factor in the application of IgG antibody detection for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

Objective To investigate the tumor inhibiting effect of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) on melanoma-bearing mice, and understand its influence on myocardial cells and cardial electrical activity. Methods The melanoma models of the BALB/c mice were established by subcutaneously injecting B16 melanoma cells. These mice were randomly divided into four groups. The treated groups received pulsed electric stimulation at pulse width of 1, 3, 5 ms, with field strength of 100 V/cm and frequency of 10 Hz for 10 minutes daily in 15 consecutive days. ECG of mice was recorded. Tumor volume was measured with vernier caliper. Morphological changes of tumors were observed by HE staining. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA was tested by real-time quantitative PCR, and the expression of PCNA protein was detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry. The ultrastructural changes of the cardiac tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The serum levels of cardial troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, tumor volumes in all treated groups were reduced 7 days after PEFs treatment; more melanin granules in tumor cells were found in the treated groups; the expressions of PCNA mRNA and protein were down-regulated in all treated groups, and there were greater changes in the groups receiving the bigger pulse width. Myocardial injury was found in 3 ms group and 5 ms group, and the expressions of cTnT and CK-MB were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion PEFs can inhibit tumor growth in melanoma-bearing mice. Increase of pulse width will aggravate myocardial injury.

In recent years, the emergence of single-port laparoscopic technology promoted the development of the technology of laparoscopy, but deficiencies like equipment conflict or lack of triangulation severely hampered the clinical application of this technology. The appearance of single-port laparoscopic flexible instruments makes up for those deficiencies to a great extent. The element is to add a wrist joint to the tip of the instrument to form triangulation and reduce equipment conflict. But this technique is still in an early stage of development. The purpose of this article is to summarize the characteristics and problems of existing flexible single-port laparoscopic instruments, and to provide information for the further improvement, finally the future development was expected.

Liver transplantation is the only way to treat end-stage liver disease. In order to overcome the shortage of donor, marginal donors have been used widely, which bring about a series of problems. Machine perfusion can stimulate the circulation in vivo and is beneficial for the protection of liver. It could also improve the graft function and reduce postoperative complications, which makes it a hot spot in recent years. The aim of this study is to summarize the current status and prospects of application of machine perfusion on clinical liver transplantation.

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the medical imaging examination results of the injuries and illnesses during the 2008 Olympic Games and 2013 China National Games in Shenyang Divison., Methods: Collected and analyzed the health information and medical imaging examination results from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University during the two games., Results: There was 9 cases of sports injuries in the 2008 Olympic Games, mainly for knee, ankle ligament injury and muscle sprain, 36 cases of sports injuries in the 2013 China National Games, mainly for head traumas (9 cases), knee injuries (7 cases), ankle injuries (7 cases), shoulder injures (4 cases). Competitions of high risk of being injured were wrestling (10 cases), track and field (8 cases), American football (6 cases). The most common cause of illness were respiratory system (60 cases) and the digestive system (27 cases) in the total 233 cases illnesses in the China National Games., Conclusion: Different sports have different characteristic, regularity and mechanism of injury. Medical imaging examination has important value in the diagnosis of injury during large games. The respiratory system and digestive system are the most common illnesses and affect the athletes training and competition as important as injuries. So illness is the focus on the medical care assurance of the large games.

Objective: To investigate the antitumor effect of the low-voltage electric pulses (LVEPs) on melanoma-bearing mice., Methods: Tumor models were established by subcutaneously inoculating BALB/c mice with B16F10 melanoma cells. These mice were randomly divided into control group and treated groups which were exposed to electric pulses of different frequency 10, 20, 30 Hz for consecutive 20 days with 30 minutes per day. In every day, tumor size was measured, and morphological changes of tumors were observed by HE staining. The expressions of caspase-3 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNAs were tested by real-time quantitative PCR, and the expressions of caspase-3 and MMP-9 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry., Results: Compared with the control group, seven days after LVEPs treatment, the tumor size in 30Hz treated group was reduced significantly; twenty days after treatment, the tumor size of all treated groups diminished significantly. The tumor growth inhibition rate increased with time. Compared with the control group, nuclear shrinkage and necrosis of more tumor cells were found in the treated groups; the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein was significantly enhanced in the treated groups; the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein was significantly depressed in the treated groups; and the changes of caspase-3 and MMP-9 expressions became greater with the frequency increasing., Conclusion: LVEPs can induce the activation of caspase-3, suppress the expression of MMP-9, and inhibit tumor growth.

Objective: To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into cardiomyocytes in vitro., Methods: Classical hanging-drop method was used to induce iPSCs from mice to form embryoid bodies (EBs) and vitamin C was contained in the medium through the induction period. According to whether or not electrical stimulation was used in the whole induction period, iPSCs were divided to electrical stimulation group and non-stimulation group. During the induction, dynamic morphological changes of the EBs were observed and photographed, the time point when beating EBs in each group appeared was recorded and the number of them was counted. The percentage of beating ones in all EBs was calculated as the differentiation rate of cardiomyocytes induced from iPSCs. Furthermore, expression of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was observed by immunofluorescent staining under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and mRNA expression levels of the related genes Oct-4, GATA-4 and α-MHC were analyzed by RT-PCR., Results: Compared with the non-stimulation group, beating cells in electrical stimulation group appeared in a shorter time, and the differentiation rate of cardiomyocytes was higher [(68.89 ± 5.09)% vs (52.22 ± 3.85)%, P<0.05]. c-TnT was expressed in the beating area of both groups, but the cells in the electrical stimulation group showed a more clear cytoskeleton. The mRNA level of Oct-4 decreased in a time-dependent manner in the whole period of induction and in the electrical stimulated group it decreased faster than the non-stimulation group (P<0.05). In addition, more GATA4 and α-MHC mRNA in electrical stimulation group were expressed than the non-stimulated group at the same point-in-time (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The electrical stimulation which simulates cardiac electrical microenvironment to some extent improved the differentiation of iPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes induced by vitamin C in vitro.

Objective: To observe the inhibition of pulsed electric stimulation on the proliferation of H9c2 cells and the induction on the differentiation of the cells., Methods: We applied a set of pulse electrical stimulations of different frequencies (0, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 Hz), different voltage (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 V) and different time (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 h/d) on H9c2 cells in rats. 5-azacytidine was used as an intervention factor control. We detected the proliferation rate of H9c2 cells through MTT assay, the expressions of cardiac troponin T (cTNT) and Oct4 through immunofluorescence cytochemical staining, and the expressions of cTNT and α-MHC mRNA using RT-PCR method., Results: Pulsed electric stimulation inhibited the proliferation of H9c2 cells (P<0.05). The pulsed electric stimulation of 1 Hz, 4 h/d and 10 V was proved optimized in inhibiting the growth of H9c2 cells to the greatest extent but not inducing the death of cells. Two weeks after the optimized pulsed elctric stimulation on H9c2 cells, the expression of Oct4 was reduced (P<0.05), while the expressions of cTNT and α-MHC were still strong., Conclusion: Pulsed electric stimulation can not only inhibit the reproduction of myoblast cell line H9c2 in heart tissue of rat embryo, but also induce the differentiation of H9c2 cells. During it, the expressions of cTNT and α-MHC are enhanced but Oct4 is weakened.

Objective: To construct octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) adenoviruse eukaryotic expression vector pAV.Ex1d.-CMV>mOCT4/IRES/eGFP, and study its effect on myocardial regeneration in mice., Methods: We constructed eukaryotic expression vector pAV.Ex1d.-CMV>mOCT4/IRES/eGFP using Gateway(R);technology and then packaged the vector with adenoviruses. After adenovirus packaging, the vector was injected into the mouse myocardium by microsyringe. The expression of Oct4 was determined by the methods of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect whether the myocardial tissue was changed after the expression of Oct4. We also constructed mouse myocardial infarction model and identified the infarct area using HE staining for injecting the Oct4 adenovirus vector into the area surrounding the infarct area, Four weeks later, we detected the expression of cardiac troponin T in the infact area by Western blotting., Results: Immunofluorescence showed red fluorescence indicating that Oct4 was expressed in the myocardial cell nucleus, but it could not be detected in the control group and the the control virus group. RT-PCR also proved the expression of Oct4 in Oct4 adenovirus vector group but not in the control virus group and the control group. There was no pathological changes in the myocardial tissues after Oct4 was expressed in vivo. Four weeks after the adenovirus vector was injected around the infarct area, the expression level of cardiac troponin T in Oct4 group was significantly different from that in the control group or the control empty virus group (P<0.5)., Conclusion: Exogenous Oct4 can be expressed in the mature myocardial tissues in vivo and promote myocardial regeneration.

Objective: To evaluate the operative technique and the short-term clinical effect of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental dislocation of the hip in adults., Methods: From December 1997 to October 2006, 61 patients (78 hips) with developmental dislocation of the hip were treated with the cementless THA. There were 8 males and 53 females with the average age of 31.4 years (ranging from 17 years to 56 years). According to the classification of Hartofilakidis, 15 cases were type I (18 hips), 23 type II (31hips), and 23 type III (29 hips). All the patients were exposed through the posterolateral approach. The threaded cup with coating was put at or near the level of the true acetabulum in all cases. Full coating stems were used in femoral sides, and shortening osteotomy below trochanter of femur was performed in 12 cases., Results: Sixty patients (76 hips) were followed up with the mean duration of 49 months (range 12 to 118 months). All the hips of osteotomy and bone ingrowth acquired union 3 to 14 months after the operation. No patient had radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening of prosthesis. The average leg length of the hips with femoral shortening osteotomy was lengthened 2.0 to 4.5 cm. All patients had pain relief and no obvious motion limitation, limp gait and pelvic obliquity. The Harris scores were 40.28 +/- 9.84 preoperatively and 90.92 +/- 2.80 postoperatively (P < 0.001). One patient with postoperative femoral nerve palsy completely recovered 4 months after the operation., Conclusion: Cementless THA for developmental dislocation of the hip in adults produces significantly better results, although it presents great technical difficulties.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of some Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents on bone resorption and morphometric features of osteoclasts as well as their relationships. TCM ShengGuZaiZaoSan and XianLingGuBao, were used to treat the experimental fracture. Thirty 6-month-old Chinchilla rabbits were used for the establishment of animal models each with a 3 mm bone defect in the middle of left radius as well as of right radius. These models were divided randomly into 3 groups : ShengGuZaiZaoSan Group (Group A), XianLingGuBao groups (Group B) and control-group (Group C). Every group was further divided into 2 subgroups: a former sacrificed group (14 days after operation) and a latter sacrificed group (31 days after operation). After the rabbits being killed, the samples of their undecalcified calli were subjected to the morphometry study of bone resorption and osteoclasts. Group A had more bone resorption, compared with Group B and C. Both Groups A and B exhibited some changed morphometric features of osteoclasts as compared with Group C (P < 0.05). Simple correlation analysis indicated that bone resorption is mainly correlated with osteoclast numbers, and that in individual group, bone resorption is correlated with osteoclast form factor, area and mean photodensity (P < 0.05). These allow us to conclude that ShengGuZaiZaoSan can increase bone resorption and accelerate bone remodeling by increasing osteoclast numbers at the former stage and can enhance osteoclast function at the latter stage. These changes are beneficial to fracture healing.

Objective: To study the effect of shengguzaizaosan on experimental fracture healing., Methods: Thirty six-month-old Chinchilla rabbits were made the models with 3 mm bone defect in the middle of two-side radius and were divided randomly into 3 groups: shengguzaizaosan group (group A, n = 10), xianlinggubao group (group B, n = 10) and control group (group C, n = 10). Five rabbits were sacrificed 14 days and 31 days after operation respectively. The double marks with tetracyslin hydrochloride were given on the 4th day and the 5th day for the first mark and on the 11th day and the 12th day for the second mark in the rabbits sacrificed 14 days later, and on the 20th day and the 21st day for the first mark and on the 28th day and the 29th day for the second mark in the rabbits sacrificed 31 days later. The samples were taken to make the bone histomorphometry study., Results: When compared group A with group C, there were significant differences (P<0.01) in osteoid area density, osteoid mean width, active osteoblastic surface, mineralization surface and dynamic parameters after 14 days, and in mean width of mineralization callus, active osteoblastic surface and mean depth of lacunae after 31 days. There was a approximate effect between group B and group C. when compared group B with group A, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in osteoclastic index, mineralization surface, bone formation rate after 14 days, and in osteoid surface, mean depth of lacunae and bone formation rate after 31 days., Conclusion: Shengguzaizaosan can increase osteoid, accelerate mineralization rate and bone formation rate, and reduce mineralization lag time at early period of fracture. It can increase mineralization callus width and resorption of osteoclast at later period of fracture. To some extent, shengguzaizaosan can accelerate the experimental fracture healing.

To provide a basis of molecular genetic analysis of M. tubereulosis, the proteomic profiling was prompted. M. tuberculosis H37RV was cultured in Sauton medium at 37 degrees C for 3 weeks, harvested and fractionated into three portions: suspension filtration proteins(A), cytosol proteins(B) and membrane proteins(C). These fractions were analyzed by pH3-10 IPG gradient and SDS-PAGE. The silver-stained technigue and gel images were used. Then the image was transfered into 2-DE gel analysis Software. A part of protein sports of expression level higher from the culture filtrate fraction were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. A total of 907, 884 and 681 protein sports were observed for A. B. C fractions in M. tuberculosis H37RV, respectively. Distribution of proteins mass for 3 fractions were principally similar, About 70.5-74.4 per cent were distributed in the ranges of Mr 10-49 kD.pI of the proteins for A, B fractions were pricipally similar, About 80.9-83.5 per cent were distributed in the ranges of pH 3.0-6.4, But the number of protein sports for C fraction distributed in the ranges of pH 7.6-10.0 were more than A, B fractions. The number of protein sports of expression level higher for A, B and C fractions were 71(7.8%), 242(27.4%), 19 (2.8%), respectively. 90 pen cent from them, pH of the proteins were distributed in the ranges of pH 3.0-6.4. 73.1 per cent for proteins mass of C fraction were distributed in the ranges of 10 kD-49 kD, which were more than A, B fractions. Nine of the proteins identified ih this study appeared to be homology or putative fanction proteins, but another five proteins were unknown. The proteomic profiling of different fractions in M. tuberculosis obtained in here will be provide a basis for detailed analysis of biology functions of the proteins.