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BACKGROUND Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) in marine sediments are used as effective indicators to trace the changes of air, temperature, precipitation and other parameters in different geological time. Elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry is a reasonable and effective method to measure the composition of organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in marine sediments. At present, many domestic laboratories use the method of element analyzer (EA) and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) to analyze the stable isotopes of organic carbon and nitrogen. However, the comparison of analytical method and data stability between different laboratories is lacking. The analytical results lack effective traceability, and the process lacks standardization and unification. OBJECTIVES To develop a method for determining organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in marine sediments. METHODS Three newly developed national first-class standard materials (GBW04701, GBW04702, GBW04703) and two international standard materials (EMA-B2152, EMA-B2151) were sent to 10 domestic laboratories, in order to verify the stability, precision and accuracy of EA-IRMS online technology test method through the comparative measurement between laboratories. RESULTS The data of each collaborative laboratory was accurate and stable, and the method had good repeatability and reproducibility. The results showed that precisions of 13C and 15N were better than 0.10‰ and 0.14‰, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Through comparative study, it has been proved that EA-IRMS online technology is suitable for the determination of organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in marine sediments. A suitable method for the determination of marine sediment samples has been preliminarily established.

Objective To investigate the learning needs of communication training between Intensive Care Unit(ICU) nurses and patients families in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods The Department of Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital distributed questionnaires to 143 nurses working in the department, and scored whether nurses had negative experience in communicating with patients'families, confidence in building harmonious relationship and the need for training. Results A total of 138 questionnaires were obtained. 46.4% of nurses in ICU think they sometimes or often encounter negative experiences in their work. Only 30.4% of nurses were very confident or confident in their communication skills. As much as 83.3% of nurses believed that they should be trained in communication with patients family members. Conclusions Communication training is very important for intensive care nurses.

The stable isotope of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in marine sediments have received much attention as they can be used to trace the sources of organic matter and are helpful in understanding the carbon cycle, climate change and the transformation of organic matter in the ambient environment. However, during stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis and testing, the standard reference materials for quality control are limited. Three reference materials of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (MSCNI-1, MSCNI-2 and MSCNI-3) have been developed from marine sediments in the Bohai Jinzhou Bay, the coast of Fujian and Zhejiang in the east part of the China sea and the ocean through Okinawa within the East China Sea, respectively. All of these reference materials have certified values of the total carbon and nitrogen isotope (δ13C-TC, δ15N-TN) and organic carbon and nitrogen isotope (δ13C-Corg, δ15N-Norg) which were determined by an inter-laboratory comparison of 8 participating laboratories, using Element Analysis-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS). The analytical results indicate that three reference materials were homogeneous (in Table 1) and stable (in Table 2) as the certified values had no statistically variations within a year. The standard uncertainties of δ13C and δ15N were less than 0.15% and 0.24% (in Table 4), respectively. Both of the certified values and uncertainties are within acceptable limits. The reference materials of natural carbon and oxygen isotopes were initially developed based on marine sediments in China. The test method was accurate and reliable, thus it is anticipated that it can be used for instrument calibration, method evaluation and quality control in related laboratories such as marine, geological and environmental fields.

Fatty acids are one of the most abundant lipid markers in marine sediments, whose primary occurrence forms are free fatty acids and conjugated fatty acid. Free fatty acid can be extracted directly by solvent, and conjugated fatty acid is extracted from leftover sediment residue after free fatty acid has been extracted, through adding acid or alkali, and then extracting after being heated. Accelerated solven extraction (ASE) is a very popular method in the study of fatty acids due to its low cost and low toxicity. In this study, coastal sediments were collected from the East China Sea. Conjugated fatty acid is not suitable for verifying the method due to its low concentration and large uncertainty; therefore, the determination of free fatty acid in marine sediments by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with ASE for sample pretreatment is discussed in this paper. The main factors which affect the extraction yield of fatty acid by ASE, such as the proportion of extractants, the temperature, static extraction time and cycle times are discussed and optimized. The following conclusions were reached: methanol-methylene chloride (V:V=1:3) is more suitable to be the extractant. The extraction efficiency of different types of fatty acids varies with increasing temperature, static extraction time and cycle times. Based on increasing carbons being extracted and the highest extraction efficiency, the optimum parameters for fatty acid extraction from marine sediments are: extraction temperature of 110℃, static time of 10 min and 3 cycles. The precisions of this method were 3% to 23% RSD, and the recovery rates were from 72.2% to 104.6%. This method is applicable to the quantitative analysis of alcohols and ketones in marine sediment, which is an improvement on conventional soxhlet extraction with less reagent consumption, good precision and is a simple procedure.

A description of the synthetic experiment of methane hydrate is given in this paper, along with a preliminary study of ion concentration changes during the process, whilst providing important technical support for the gas hydrate geochemical exploration. In this article, the development of a set of experimental devices, which simulate the formation process of methane hydrate, is also discussed in this paper. The position and shape of hydrate, the reaction time, the temperature and pressure of the experiments were observed during methane hydrate formation. The concentrations of major ions including K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- were continuously detected during the process to investigate the relationship among the major ion concentrations, temperature and pressure. The results show that methane hydrate forms randomly in seawater. It may have a different nucleation and agglomeration process of hydrate under the same initial conditions. There was a good positive linear relationship between the ions variation and methane gas consumption in the system with the correlation coefficients between 0.9848 to 0.9950, which was not affected by the formation position and morphology of the hydrate. The ion content had small differences under the same gas consumption in the microenvironment of the methane hydrate formation process. These important features provide the basis to make a preliminary estimate of gas consumption by using the major ion content in pore water around the methane hydrate.

Chromite is one of the main indicator minerals in kimberlite diamond deposit. Accurate content analysis of the chemical compositions such as FeO, MgO, Cr2O3, Al2O3 and TiO2 in chromite is the key for the naming of chromite, and significant indication for kimberlite diamond deposit prospecting as well. The electron probe spectroscopy is used to analyze the major chemical elements in chromite, and the micro-area chemical analysis of measured samples to infer the mineral name. The analysis results of 25 single mineral samples show that the contents of major chemical components are 15.666%-29.971% of FeO, 7.286%-11.477% of MgO and 56.421%-71.111% of Cr2O3, with minor chemical components MnO 0.012%-0.382%, Al2O3 0.871%-8.993% and TiO2 0.074%-3.375%. The total mineral chemical composition is 99.117%-100.877%. The chemical composition of single mineral is equivalent to that of chromite. According to the mineral characteristics by artificial heavy mineral identification and positions of ion groups A and B, it can be determined that the measured sample is magnochromite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As key regulatory genes in the signal pathway responsive to heat stress, plant heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) can enhance plant thermotolerances by triggering hsp or other relative genes to express. Plant Hsfs belong to multi-genes family, the members are different among varieties. Based on the phylogenetic tree of Hsf proteins from wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis, we isolated the TaHsfA2e (GenBank accession number MG700614) from wheat young leaves treated with 37°C for 1.5 h using homologous cloning methods. Sequence analysis showed that the coding sequence (CDS) of TaHsfA2e is 1026 bp in length and encodes 341 amino acid residues. The TaHsfA2e protein was predicted to contain a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS) of KRRRP peptide, a nuclear export signal (NES) of LENLAMNI peptide and an aromatic, large hydrophobic and acidic amino residues (AHA) of CCFWEELLSE peptide, and localized in the nuclei under normal growth conditions. TaHsfA2e shared 96%, 94%, and 94% identities with HsfA6f and HsfA2d from wheat and HsfA2d from Aegilops tauschii, respectively. TaHsfA2e was lowly expressed in majority of tissues and organs but highly expressed in mature seeds of wheat, and the gene expression in leaf was up-regulated by heat shock at 37°C, with the peak value at 60 min after treatment, but down-regulated by salicylic acid or H2O2. TaHsfA2e could be induced by Gal in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and yeast overexpressing pYES2-TaHsfA2e showed stronger growth potential than the controls expressing pYES2 after heat shock at 50 °C for 45 min, though all of the yeast growth potential were also decreased after treatment. Both of basal and acquired thermotolerances of transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed TaHsfA2e were improved, and the expressions of Hsp genes were up-regulated to different degrees. These results are essential for deep understanding biological functions and regulatory mechanism of subclass A2 Hsf members in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donglin School and Jishan School are both the jurisprudence of science in late Ming, and occupy a pivotal position in the history of Ming Dynasty. In the last five volumes of Ming Confucianism Case, Huang Zong-xi wrote Donglin Case Study and Jishan Case Study, and respectively discussed Donglin School and Liu Zong-zhou's academic and academic thought. The discussion mainly around praised Donglin School, on criticism and reconciliation of Donglin School on Yangming School, as well as high praised Jishan School. This included Huang Zong-xi's immense respect to Confucian literati scholars' minded home and country, internally and externally and other noble characters, Huang Zong-xi's discussion about some specific issues of Donglin School and Jishan School, but also reflects he praised "psychology" and suppressed Neo - Confucianism. Huang Zong-xi's statements, to a certain extent, objective achieved summary of the later development of Ming Dynasties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which investigates the impact of intramuscular injection of Astragalus polysaccharide (APC) for treating the splenasthenic diarrhea in canine. The study uses the four dogs for administration of intragastrictly physiological saline. Results shows the recovery of the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin to normal levels after the treatment.

PURPOSE: To study the feasibility and orthodontic effect of decayed first molar extraction in malocclusion. METHODS: 20 cases with first molar extraction in malocclusion were chosen for this study. There were 3 males and 17 females, aging from 13.5 to 22 years with an average age of 15.6 years . 7 cases were treated with extraction of two lower first molars, 5 cases with extraction of one lower first molar, 2 cases with extraction of four first molars, 2 cases with extraction of one lower first molar and upper first molar, 4 cases with extraction of one upper first molar. All patients were treated with 0.018" edgewise appliance or 0.018" straightwire appliance. The procedure included bonding brackets, putting arch wire, leveling dentition, closing extraction space and adjusting occlusal relationships routinely. RESULTS: When treatment finished, all the 20 cases gained satisfactory results, all the teeth lined up in order, anterior teeth gained correct overbite and overjet, midline was alignment, molar space was completely closed, occlusion was perfect, the occlusion and facial profile were improved. CONCLUSION: The treatment of decayed first molar extraction in malocclusion could retain more healthy teeth, gain satisfactory orthodontic results, improve the occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel chemical calcium oscillator is constructed by combining the iodate-sulfite-ferrocyanide (ISF) system with the CaNa2EDTA complex formation equilibrium. Effects of temperature, flow rate and acid concentration on ISF are investigated to seek the best pH oscillation performance. Calcium oscillation in the novel oscillator is stable, and there are many ways to inspect the nonlinear phenomenon in the system, so it is suitable to setup further spatiotemporal calcium signaling system on the basis of this oscillator. The construction of this novel oscillator provides a useful platform to investigate calcium signal by nonlinear chemical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the quality of images captured by moving underground cameras with the characteristics of low resolution, low illumination and being easily affected by noise, a new electronic image stabilization algorithm based on improved optical flow was proposed. Firstly, by extracting inter-frame matching feature points with the SUSAN algorithm, an improved optical flow method based on pyramid was proposed to calculate the global motion vectors. Furthermore, in order to overcome the influence of moving objects and moving background within images, the RANSAC algorithm was used to eliminate the error matching points,and a dynamic update mechanism for reference frame was proposed. Considering the feature of uncertain jitter from underground moving carriers, the vectors of motion compensation were solved by the mean filter algorithm, which can retain the active movement while filtering the random jitter. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can not only retain the processing precision for motion vector by pyramid-based optical flow method, but also improve the real-time property of the algorithm. It has a better effect on stabilizing the coal mine underground jitter video sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of society and economy has resulted in a substantial increase in energy consumption, consequently exacerbating pollution issues. Current research predominantly focuses on energy-saving and emission reduction in road transportation within individual cities or the three major economic regions of China:the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. However, there is a dearth of studies addressing the southeastern coastal economic region. Located at the heart of China's southeastern coastal economic development, the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang unavoidably face challenges associated with energy consumption and emissions while pursuing economic growth. To address these challenges, this study employed a LEAP model to construct various scenarios for road transportation in the key coastal cities of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang from 2015 to 2035. These scenarios included a baseline scenario (BAU), an existing policy scenario (EPS), and an improved policy scenario (MPS). The MPS and EPS encompassed vehicle structure optimization (VSO), improved fuel economy (IFE), and reduced annual average mileage (RDM). By simulating and evaluating these scenarios, the energy-saving and emission reduction potentials of road transportation in the key coastal cities were assessed. The results indicated that, in the primary scenario, the MPS exhibited the most significant improvements in energy-saving, carbon reduction, and pollutant reduction effects. By 2035, the MPS achieved a remarkable 75% energy-saving rate compared to that in the baseline scenario, accompanied by reductions of 68%, 59%, 66%, 70%, and 64% in CO 2 , CO, NO x , PM 2.5 , and SO 2 emissions, respectively. In the secondary scenario, the improved scenario of enhancing fuel economy achieved a notable 30% reduction in energy consumption. Additionally, the scenarios involving vehicle structure adjustment (yielding reductions of 36%, 30%, 36%, 26%, and 40%) and annual average mileage reduction (resulting in reductions of 37%, 37%, 36%, 37%, and 36%) demonstrated significant reductions in CO 2 , CO, NO x , PM 2.5 , and SO 2 emissions.

Climate warming can increase soil temperature and lead to soil carbon release, but it can also increase soil organic carbon by increasing primary productivity. Cropland soils are considered to have a huge potential to sequester carbon; however, direct observations for the responses of cropland soil organic carbon to climate warming over broad geographic scales are rarely documented. Paddy soil is one of the important cultivated soils in China. Based on the data of 2217 sampling points obtained during the second national soil survey and the data of 2382 sampling points collected during 2017-2019, this study analyzed the change characteristics of soil organic carbon content of paddy surface soil in Sichuan Basin of China and explored the relationships between the soil organic carbon change of paddy soil and temperature, precipitation, cropland use type, fertilization intensity, and grain yield. The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon of paddy soil changed from 13.33 g·kg -1 to 15.96 g·kg -1 , with an increase of 2.63 g·kg -1 , suggesting that soils in the Sichuan Basin have acted as a carbon sink over past 40 years. The soil organic carbon increment of paddy soil varied with different geomorphic regions and different secondary basins. The increase in SOC content in paddy soil was positively correlated with annual average temperature; negatively correlated with annual average precipitation; and initially increased and then decreased with annual average fertilizer application, annual average increase rate of fertilizer application, annual average grain yield, and annual average grain yield growth rate. The relationship between the increase in SOC content and the annual average temperature growth rate was different under different farmland utilizations, and the increase in the annual average temperature growth rate had significant effects with the increase in SOC content only on paddy-dryland rotation. These results indicate that the paddy soil organic carbon change in Sichuan Basin was co-affected by various factors, but climate warming was an important factor leading to the paddy soil organic carbon change, and its influence was controlled by the water conditions determined by farmland use.

Objective: To explore the roles and relative mechanism of resveratrol against T-ALL through detecting the signaling molecules in IL-7 and JAK/STAT pathway., Methods: In vitro experiments, Molt4 cells were divided into 3 groups, including the control group, the DMSO group and resveratrol-treated group (Res group). The control group cells without any treatment, the DMSO group cells treated with 0.05% DMSO for 48 hours, the Res group cells treated with 200 μmol/L resveratrol for 48 hours. In vivo experiments, female C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into the control group, the T-ALL model group (T-ALL group), and Res treatment group (Res group). The control group mice treated with 0.05% DMSO by intragastric treatment, the T-ALL group mice treated with 0.05% DMSO by intragastric treatment, and the Res group mice treated with 10 mg/ml resveratrol. Expression of IL-7, IL-7R and Pim1 mRNA in the cells and mice spleen tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8. The expression of JAK1, JAK3, STAT5, phosphorylated JAK1 (p-JAK1), phosphorylated JAK3 (p-JAK3), phosphorylated STAT5 (p-STAT5) and Pim1 were detected by Western blot. ELISA was used to detect the IL-7 and IL-7R in the cells and mice serum of each groups., Results: Resveratrol could inhibit the proliferation ability of Molt4 cells, decrease the relative levels of p-JAK1, p-JAK3, p-STAT5, Pim1 protein, and the expression levels of Pim1 , IL-7 and IL-7R mRNA in cells and mice spleens, reduce the IL-7 and IL-7R in Molt4 cells and mice serum., Conclusion: Resveratrol may inhibite IL-7-medicated JAK/STAT signaling pathway to reduce the expression of target protein Pim1 to further exert its anti-T-ALL effects.

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD47 molecules in patients with newly diagnosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its correlation with clinical prognosis., Methods: 20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed in Shanghai Fengxian District Central hospital from April 2020 to October 2021 and 5 cases with non malignant hematological diseases in the control group were collected, and the expression of CD47 in single nuclear cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Combined with the blood image, bone marrow smears, flow cytometry, chromosome and gene detection, ECOG score, etc. during the patient's initial diagnosis, the relationship between the patient's prognosis and CD47 was evaluated., Results: The expression of CD47 in bone marrow (P=0.0115) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P=0.0069) in new diagnosis AML patients was significantly higher than that of controls. In bone marrow mononuclear cells, the total survival time of patients with high CD47 expression was less than that of CD47 low expression patients (P=0.036). There was statistical significance in difference stratification group (P=0.012), but there was no statistical significance between CD47 expression and survival time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P=0.116). There were no statistical significance between bone marrow mononuclear cell CD47 expression and gene mutation fusion genes related to leukemia , CD34 + , CD38 + , CD123 + (P>0.05). The proportion of bone marrow protocells in AML patients was >50%, the ECOG score was >2 points, MLLELL fusion gene and chromosome prognosis stratification were all risk factors affecting the survival of patients (P=0023, 0.036, 0.012, 0.001, respectively). The high expression of bone marrow CD47 in AML patients indicated a high risk of recurrence (P=0.017)., Conclusion: The high expression of bone marrow mononuclear cell CD47 in AML patients indicates poorer survival and higher risk of recurrence.

Objective: To explore the association between the levels of plasma D-dimer and the disease severity and prognosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pediatric MPP patients who were admitted in our hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. According to the peak value of D-dimer, patients were divided into the normal group (D-dimer<0.55 mg/L) and the elevated group (D-dimer≥0.55 mg/L). Information regarding the demographics, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations and treatments of patients in the two groups was compared., Results: Of the 231 MPP patients included in the study, 70 were in the normal group and 161 were in the elevated group. The age of patients in the D-dimer elevated group was significantly higher than that of the normal group ( P <0.01). Compared with the normal group, the elevated group had longer lengths of fever, hospital stay and antibiotic therapy, and more severe radiographic manifestations (all P <0.01). In addition, the incidence of extrapulmonary complications, refractory MPP and severe MPP in the elevated group were significantly higher than those in the normal group ( P <0.01). As for the laboratory data, we found that neutrophils, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interferon-γ were significantly higher in the elevated group than those in the normal group ( P <0.05). After treatments, all patients showed improvement and were discharged, but the proportions of patients requiring glucocorticoids, bronchoscopy, thoracentesis were significantly higher in the elevated group than those in the normal group ( P <0.05). Follow-up findings showed that the absorption rate of lung lesions 4 weeks after admission was significantly higher, the time needed for lung lesions absorption was significantly shorter, and the incidence of pulmonary sequelae was significantly lower in the normal group than those in the elevated group (all P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that D-dimer level was positively correlated with the severity of pneumonia ( r =0.272, P =0.000) and the incidence of pulmonary sequelae ( r =0.235, P =0.000)., Conclusion: Pediatric patients of MPP who had elevated plasma D-dimer had clinical manifestations that were more severe, required longer duration of treatment and longer recovery time for lung lesions, and were more likely to have pulmonary sequelae., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To compare the changes in the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hypoxia-inducible factors in patients with type 2 diabetes at different altitudes, and to provide a basis for the research and treatment of type 2 diabetes vascular complications. Methods: Selected Type 2 diabetes patients who were diagnosed in a low altitude area of 386 m (Xianyang City) and a high altitude area of 1 520 m (Lanzhou) (25 persons/29 persons) and healthy persons (20 persons/20 persons) were selected. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the indexes of blood lipids, blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin of the two groups of people, and the concentration of Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in peripheral blood was determined by a cytometer. Results: No matter in low or high altitude areas, the number of circulating EPCs in the diabetes group was lower than that in the healthy group ( P ＜0.01). The levels of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) were increased ( P ＜0.05). Compared with the low-altitude group, the expression levels of HIF-1α in diabetic patients at high-altitude and healthy people were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05), while the number of circulating EPCs was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05), and the number of circulating EPCs in healthy people or the patients with type 2 diabetes without vascular complications was higher than that of patients with type 2 diabetes with vascular complications ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion: With the increase in altitude, the expression level of HIF-1α in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients is increased, and the number of circulating EPCs is decreased, which is closely related to the degree of vascular disease. Therefore, it is possible through transplantation of EPCs for high altitude T2DM patients to achieve the prevention and improvement of diabetic vascular complications.

Stress response is an adaptive process of the organism to confront environmental perturbation. Moderate stress response induces the organism to establish effective adaptive strategies for survival, while excessive stress response results in stress injury, which is a major cause of a variety of physical or psychological diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a typical stress-related disease, with numerous evidence indicating that the development and progression of diabetes mellitus are closely related to stress response, such as metabolic stress, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the detailed mechanisms of stress response mediated regulation of diabetes mellitus and how to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus via modification of stress response remain to be further investigated. Here, we will introduce the definition and regulatory mechanisms of stress response, as well as discuss the biological functions and mechanisms of various stress responses during the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. This review highlights recent advances of stress medicine associated with diabetes mellitus, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Future studies should focus on elucidating the clinical application potential of the key factors of stress response that mediate the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, as well as boosting the related translational medicine studies., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

On the base of the theory on "the subtlety of acupuncture relying on the quick or slow needle insertion by the timing" recorded in the Chapter One of Lingshu ( Miraculous Pivot ) and the clinical application, professor GAO Zhen - wu created three core factors of "quick and slow needling technique" of acupuncture and summarized in the paper. The speed of deqi after needle insertion indicates the rising and falling of vital qi and pathogen in the body, which guides the selection of corresponding reinforcing or reducing needling techniques. At the stage of needle manipulation and the regulation of qi activity, the quick or slow insertion and withdrawal of needle and needle manipulation, as well as the duration of needle retaining may control the speed of qi arrival. At the stage of the change in qi transformation after needling, the speed of qi activity should be observed carefully before and after needling so as to determine the effect of reinforcing and reducing technique of acupuncture. Gao 's idea on "quick and slow needling technique" of acupuncture runs through the whole process of acupuncture. It takes the speed of deqi as the core of reinforcing or reducing effect of acupuncture. This technique of acupuncture simplifies the operation of reinforcing and reducing procedure and is more applicable in clinical practice.

Developing high-quality standard is useful for promoting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine injections, which could be evaluated by establishing the comprehensive quality control method. A method for simultaneous determination of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid in Salvianolate for Injection was developed for quantitative analysis of multi-components with single-marker(QAMS). ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C&#95;(18) chromatographic column was adopted, with 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 1 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was set at 20 ℃, and the detection wavelength was 286 nm. Salvianolic acid B was used as internal reference. The relative correction factors of rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid(f&#95;(s/i)) were 0.58 and 0.94, respectively. About 85% of substances in Salvianolate for Injection were quantified by the established QAMS method. The analysis of different batches of intermediates and preparations during four years showed that the contents of salvianolic acid B were 77.1%-81.5% in intermediates and 70.5%-80.1% in preparations; The total content of rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid was about 6%. The ratio of rosmarinic acid to lithospermic acid was(3.4∶1-10∶1) and(2.5∶1-5∶1), respectively, which showed that the ratio was more stable in preparation. The QAMS method established is feasible for comprehensive quality control of multiple components of in Salvianolate for Injection.

Objective: To explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on Wnt/beta-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway., Methods: Ten rats were randomly selected into a sham-operation group among 50 male 2-month-old SD rats, and the KOA model was established in the remaining 40 rats by modified Hulth method. Four weeks after the model establishment, the rats were randomly divided into a model group, an experimental A group, an experimental B group and an experimental C group, 10 rats in each group. The rats in the sham-operation group and model group did not receive any intervention. The rats in the experimental A group were treated with EA at "Neixiyan" (EX-LE 4) and "Dubi"(ST 35) for 15 min. The rats in the experimental B group were treated with EA at "Neixiyan" (EX-LE 4) and "Dubi"(ST 35) for 30 min. The rats in the experimental C group were treated with EA at non-acupoint for 15 min. EA intervention was given once a day, five times a week, and totally 12-week treatment was given. After 12 weeks, the knee cartilage tissues were stained and the morphological changes were observed under light microscopy; the severity of cartilage degeneration was evaluated by modified Mankin's score; the content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in synovium tissues was detected by ELISA method; the content of Wnt-4, β-catenin and matrix metalloprotein-13 (MMP-13) in cartilage tissues was detected by Western blot method., Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, in the model group the morphology and structure of cartilage were disordered, the number of cells was significantly reduced, the matrix was decontaminated and tidal line was incomplete; the Mankin's score was significantly increased ( P <0.01), the content of IL-1β in synovium tissues were significantly increased ( P <0.01), and the expressions of Wnt-4, β-catenin and MMP-13 at protein level were significantly increased ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, in the experimental A group and experimental B group the morphology and structure of cartilage were more orderly, the number of cells was increased, the matrix staining was deepened and the tidal line was more complete; Mankin's scores were decreased significantly ( P <0.01); the contents of IL-1β in synovium tissues were decreased significantly ( P <0.01), and the expressions of Wnt-4, β-catenin and MMP-13 at protein level were decreased significantly ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, no improvement was observed in the experimental C group. Compared with the experimental A group, in the experimental C group the morphology and structure of cartilage were disordered, the number of cells was significantly reduced, the matrix was decontaminated and the tidal line was incomplete; Mankin's score was significantly increased ( P <0.01), the content of IL-1β in synovium tissues was significantly increased ( P <0.01), and the expressions of Wnt-4, β-catenin and MMP-13 at protein level were significantly increased ( P <0.01). The morphological structure of cartilage in the experimental B group was similar to that in the experimental A group, and there was no significant difference in Mankin's score, IL-1β content in synovium tissues and the expressions of Wnt-4, β- catenin and MMP-13 at protein level between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: EA at "Neixiyan" (EX-LE 4) and "Dubi"(ST 35) may reduce the expression of MMP-13 and the production of inflammatory factor IL-1β through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus inhibit the degradation of cartilage matrix and the apoptosis of chondrocyte, and improve the morphology and structure of cartilage.

Nitrous acid (HONO) is easily photolyzed with the production of·OH, which plays an important role in the formation of regional secondary pollution. In China, research of HONO observation is concentrated mainly in urban areas and is rarely reported in rural areas. In our study, a one-month HONO field observation was conducted at the Station of Rural Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Dongbaituo Village, Wangdu County, Hebei Province) in November 2017 using the long path absorption photo meter (LOPAP). The concentration, variety characteristics, and budget of HONO was studied. During the observation period, HONO exhibited pronounced diurnal variation with low concentrations in the day and high concentration in the evening. The highest concentration at night was about 3.70×10 -9 , and the lowest concentration at noon was about 0.10×10 -9 , indicating the presence of a strong source of HONO in rural areas. The CO concentration increased significantly before and after heating, whereas the HONO concentration did not change significantly, indicating that heating combustion contributed less to HONO, Direct emission of motor vehicles at night contributed 23.20% and 31.20% to HONO in polluted and clean weather conditions, respectively, indicating the presence of strong sources of HONO in polluted weather conditions. The average formation rate of HONO at night from homogeneous reaction of·OH and NO could reach 0.40×10 -9 h -1 , which is 0.67 times higher than that of heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 (0.24×10 -9 h -1 ), indicating that the homogeneous reaction of·OH and NO is the main source of HONO at night. HONO has a strong unknown source in the daytime with an intensity reaching 1.37×10 -9 h -1 , which contributes about 50% to HONO.

Objective: To explore the effects of huayu tongluo (resolving stasis, promoting collateral circulation) moxibustion on learning and memory ability and the expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the rats of vascular dementia (VD) in the microenvironment of neurovascular niche., Methods: Using 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO), the VD rat models were duplicated. The neural stem cells (NSCs) labeled with lentiviral vector-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were co-cultured with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to structure the NSCs + EPCs implant. The implant was transplanted into the lateral ventricle of VD rats and the VD rat models with neurovascular niche were established. In No.1 experiment, the successful-modeled rats were divided into 3 groups, i.e. a NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, a NSCs + EPCs blank group and a model group, 12 rats in each one. No any treatment was provided in the model group and the NSCs + EPCs blank group. The huayu tongluo moxibustion therapy was adopted in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, in which, the suspending moxibustion technique was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20), "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Shenting" (GV 24), 20 min at each acupoint. The treatment was given once every day and a 14-day treatment was as one course. Totally, 3 courses of treatment were required. At the end of treatment, Morris water maze experiment was adopted to determine the learning and memory ability of the rats in each group. In the No.2 experiment, the model rats were divided into 3 groups, a NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, a NSCs + EPCs blank group and a model group, 18 rats in each one. In each group, according to the durations of treatment, 3 subgroups were divided and 6 rats in each one. The intervention method was same as the No.1 experiment. Additionally, after corresponding treatment course, using perfusion, the brains were collected in each subgroup and the slices were frozen. BDNF/TrkB expressions were observed in the immunofluorescence test., Results: After treatment, in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, the escape incubation was reduced, the time of the first running-cross platform was shortened and the frequency of running-cross platform increased as compared with the model group and the NSCs + EPCs blank group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The protein expressions were increased in tendency among the 3 courses of treatment in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, indicating the significant differences (all P <0.05), in which, the increase of the protein expressions in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group was better than the NSCs + EPCs blank group ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusion: The huayu tongluo moxibustion therapy is the effective approach to VD in clinical treatment. This therapy up-regulates the BDNF/TrkB protein expressions in the microenvironment of neurovascular niche, co-modulates NSCs-EPCs coupling mechanism, promotes nerve neogenesis and repairs the injured nerve.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on the negatively regulation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the relationship between the effect of H 2 S with miRNA-133a-mediated Ca 2+ /calcineurin/NFATc4 signal pathway., Methods: Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The cell surface area was measured by image analysis system (Leica). The expression of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), β-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC), cystathionase (CSE), miRNA-133a, calcineurin (CaN) were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions of CaN、nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATc4) were detected by Western blot. The concentration of H 2 S in the cardiomyocyte was detected by Elisa. The concentration of intracellular calcium was measured by calcium imaging using confocal microscope. The nuclear translocation of NFATc4 was checked by immuno-fluorescence cell staining technique., Results: ①The level of system of CSE/H 2 S and expression of miRNA-133a were significantly reduced in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Pretreatment with NaHS increased the concentration of H 2 S and the expression of miRNA-133a mRNA in cardiomyocytes, and suppressed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. ②The concentration of intracellular calcium, the expression of CaN and nulear protein NFATc4 were significantly increased, and the nuclear translocation of NFATc4 were obviously enhanced in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. NaHS pretreatment markedly inhibited these effects of ISO induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. ③Application of antagomir-133a reversed the inhibitory effects of NaHS on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and increased the influx of intracellular calcium, and elevated the expression of CaN and nuclear protein NFATc4, and enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFATc4., Conclusions: H 2 S can negatively regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The effects might be associated with H 2 S increasing expression of miRNA-133a and inhibiting inactivation of Ca 2+ /calcineurin/NFATc4 signal pathway.

A total of 32 daily PM 2.5 samples were collected from December 2016 to February 2017 in the urban area of Xuzhou city. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSⅡs), including F - , Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , Na + , Mg 2+ , NH 4 + , K + and Ca 2+ , were determined by ion chromatography. The average mass concentration of PM 2.5 was (164.8±77.3) μg·m -3 and the average total mass concentration of the nine ions was (67.5±36.1) μg·m -3 , the contribution of the WSⅡs to the PM 2.5 was more than 40.9%. The order of the concentrations of individual ions was NO 3 - > SO 4 2- > NH 4 + > Cl - > Ca 2+ > K + > Na + > Mg 2+ > F - . NH 4 + , NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- (SNA) were the major components of the water-soluble ions in the PM 2.5 measurement. The average mass concentration of WSⅡs in clean air, mild haze, and severe haze was (12.8±8.8), (59.0±22.8) and (86.3±36.0) μg·m -3 , respectively. The contribution of SNA to WSⅡs was 86.4%, 82.8%, and 78.9%, respectively. The correlation between each component of SNA with each other was significant. NH 4 + , NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- were in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 . Secondary formation, biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, and dust were the major sources of the water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 .

Objective: To detect the abnormal methylation of the CPG island in the suppressor gene promoter region of the Wnt signaling pathway in cell strain NB4 of the acute promyelocytic leukemia by using the bisulfite sequcucing PCR(BSP), to screan the hyper-methylated suppressor gene of the Wnt signaling pathway and to evaluatc the potency of BSP in the methylation study., Methods: The strain NB4 cells of the acute promyelocytic leukemia patients were used as the object, the mononuclear cells from 20 normal persons were used as the controls. The DNA was extracted and processed by bisulfite, the target sequences were amplified with PCR, then the abnormal methylation of the suppressor genes of the Wnt signaling pathway in the NB4 cells was analyzed by BSP, and the advantage and disadvantage of BSP were evaluated by comparison with the Methylation specific PCR and Pyrosequencing., Results: The methylated rate of suppressor genes of the Wnt signaling pathways in the NB4 cells detected by BSP was as follows: the gene WIF1 95.26%, the gene DKK3 86%, the gene SFRP1 81.67%, the gene SFRP2 95.71%, the gene SFRP4 85%, and the gene SFRP5 95%; while the methylations in the control group were respectively as follows: the gene WIF-1 1.5%, the gene DKK3 4.2%, the gene SFRP1 0%, the gene SFRP2 0.9%, the gene SFRP4 2.5%, and the gene SFRP5 1.75%. A more significant methylation happened in the suppressor genes promoter of the Wnt signaling pathway in the NB4 cells as compared with the control group., Conclusion: Many hypermethylated suppressor genes are found in the Wnt signaling pathway of the acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells, which may be served as one of the early diagnosis index and therapeutic target of the acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Objective: To study the effects of the change in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel activity on the degree of airway inflammation in asthmatic mice., Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, asthma, capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist), capsazepine (TRPV1 antagonist), and dexamethasone groups. The asthmatic mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of mixed ovalbumin-aluminium hydroxide solution and ultrasonic atomization with OVA for sensitization and challenge. The capsaicin, capsazepine, and dexamethasone groups were given intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin (30 μg/kg), capsazepine (10 μmol/kg), and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) respectively, at 30 minutes before challenge. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the degree of pulmonary inflammation. ELISA was used to measure the content of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Real-Time PCR was used to measure the relative content of TRPV1 mRNA in lung tissue., Results: Compared with the asthma group, the capsazepine and dexamethasone groups showed reduced pulmonary inflammation, while the capsaicin group showed aggravated pulmonary inflammation. Compared with the control group, the asthma and capsaicin groups showed increases in the content of IL-13 and IL-8 in BALF and the mRNA expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the asthma group, the capsazepine and dexamethasone groups showed reductions in the content of IL-13 and IL-8 in BALF and the mRNA expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue (P<0.05). The capsaicin group showed increases in the content of IL-13 and IL-8 in BALF (P<0.05)., Conclusions: TRPV1 channel agonist and antagonist can influence the degree of airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Dexamethasone may reduce airway inflammation through regulating TRPV1 level.

Objective: To study the effect of osthole (Ost) on adrenocortical function in Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells., Methods: Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells were taken as subjects in this experiment. In 10.0%, 1.0%, and 0.1% serum DMEM-F12 medium, Y1 cells were treated with 1, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 micromol/L Ost for 24 and 48 h. 0.1% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) was taken as negative control group and 1 mmol/L (Bu) 2cAMP as positive control group. Cell growth morphology was observed under inverted microscope. Contents of corticosterone were tested by ELISA. Expression levels of steroids synthase such as Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp21a1, Hsd3b2, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3 mRNA were detected by Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)., Results: Y1 cell proliferation was obviously inhibited by 100 and 200 micromol/L Ost, and its inhibitory effect was more significant in 0.1% serum medium. Compared with the negative control group, gene expressions of Star, Cyp11a1 , Cyp21a1, Hsd3b2, Cyp11b1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3 were significantly enhanced in the posi- tive control group (P < 0.05). Y1 cell corticosterone levels significantly increased in 50 micromol/L Ost treatment group after 24-and 48-h intervention (P < 0.05). Contents of corticosterone increased more obviously in 25 and 50 +/- mol/L Ost treatment groups after 48-h intervention, as compared with 24-h intervention (P < 0.01). After 24-h intervention, expression levels of Star, Cyp21a1, and Hsd3b2 genes were significantly up-regulated in 25 and 50 lLmol/L Ost groups (P < 0.05). Star gene expression was further enhanced after 48-h intervention (P < 0.05). However, Ost showed no effect on Cyp11a1 (P > 0.05). Additionally, gene expressions of Cyp11b1 and Cyp17a1 were significantly enhanced by 10, 25, and 50 pLmolIL Ost after treatment for 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05). Ost showed no obvious effect on Cyp11b2 and Hsd17b3 expressions., Conclusion: Ost could regulate adrenal cortex function and promote corticosterone synthesis and secretion through strengthening gene expressions of steroidogenic enzymes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of anterior crossbite patients with bad tongue habit treated by tongue crib combined with chincup by cephalometric analysis., Methods: A total of 25 patients (8 males, 17 females, age range 7-13 years, average age 8.6 years) of anterior crossbite with bad tongue habit or incorrect tongue position were selected. All cases used tongue crib combined with chincup therapy. Lateral cephalometric films taken at the beginning and the end of treatment were analyzed by Winceph 9.0 cephalometric software. All 19 measurement items were assessed by SPSS 17.0 software package. Following the consistency test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon singed-rank test were carried out to compare the differences between pre- and post-treatment., Results: All 25 cases obtained satisfactory results, the saggital relative position of maxilla and mandible was improved, anterior crossbite was corrected, occlusion was perfect and bad tongue habit and position were improved. Compared with pre-treatment, SNA, ANB, convexity were U1-SN, U1-NA, overjet and upper lip to E line increased significantly (P<0.05). SN-PP, SN-OP, L1-MP, L1-NB decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05). The measurement items related to gender were analyzed separately. ANS-PNS and Cd-Gn increased in both male and female (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Tongue crib can effectively correct bad tongue position, promote maxillary forward growth, and prevent the mandible from going ahead combined with chincup. It is an ideal interceptive orthodontic scheme for anterior crossbite with bad tongue habit.

The perchlorate reduction lag phase of the strain GWF (KM062029) was shortened by using non-dissolved quinone. nthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, 1,5-dichloroanthraquinone, 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone and 1,4,5,8-tetrachloranthtaquinone were the five non-dissolved quinones in this study. The results showed that the accelerating order was 1,5-dichloroanthraquinone > 1,4, 5,8-tetrachloroanthtaquinone > 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone > Anthraquinone > 1-chloroanthraquinone. The optimal concentration of 1,5- dichloroanthraquinone, temperature and pH for perchlorate reduction were 0.036 mmol · L⁻¹, 35 °C and 7.5, respectively. The concomitant anions (nitrate, phosphate, sulfate) were in favor of the perchlorate reduction by strain GWF. After four times of recycling experiments, the accelerating perchlorate reduction rate with the immobilized 1,5-dichloroanthraquinone maintained above 2 times.

Objective: To study the effects of hemoperfusion treatment on serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-23 levels in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)., Methods: Eighty-seven children who were diagnosed with HSP and who had received hemoperfusion treatment between January 2011 and December 2012 were enrolled. Twenty-seven sex- and age-matched healthy children were recruited as normal controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum concentrations of IL-17 and IL-23., Results: The serum IL-23 and IL-17 levels in the HSP group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). After hemoperfusion treatment, the serum IL-23 and IL-17 levels in the HSP group were significantly reduced to the levels of the control group. Serum serum IL-17 level was positively correlated with serum IL-23 level (P<0.05) in children with HSP., Conclusions: Hemoperfusion treatment can reduce serum IL-23 and IL-17 levels in children with HSP, suggesting that the treatment may be effective for HSP.

Objective: To observe the symptom, disease course of Crytosporidium-infected mice, and the therapeutic effect of spiramycin on infected mice., Methods: Seventy Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group (A, n = 10) and 3 experimental groups (B, C, and D). Mice in groups B, C, and D (n = 20) were immunosuppressed with 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/L dexamethasone in drinking water for two weeks, respectively. The mice were observed and the number of oocysts in fecal sample was counted daily after immunosuppression. Two weeks post immunosuppression, 50% of mice in each group were sacrificed, and small intestine was removed for observation of parasitic site. The pathological changes of mucous membrane were observed under microscope, and sIgA level in intestinal fluid was determined. Immunosuppression was withdrawn in the rest mice, and after two weeks unrecovered mice were divided into treatment group (n = 6) and control group (n = 7). Mice in treatment group were each given 2 mg/d spiramycin for 10 d. Each mouse in control group was given same amount of normal saline. The mice were observed and the oocysts shedding in fecal pellets were counted after treatment., Results: On the 6th day post immunosuppression, Cryptosporidium sp. positive fecal samples were found in the experimental groups. The number of oocysts per gram of feces in groups D (70.3 +/- 4.0) and B (31.9 +/- 2.4) reached a peak on the 12th day and 10th day post immunosuppression, respectively (P < 0.05). The conspicuous enteron symptom was observed in each experimental group. Cryptosporidium parasitized mainly in upper jejunum. Pathological examination of intestinal mucous membrane showed that swollen mucous membrane and hemorrhages were observed in group D, and less inflammatory cell occurred in groups B and C. sIgA level in intestinal fluid of experiment mice descended, there was a statistical significance between groups D [(2.7 +/- 0.6) microg/ml], C [(3.2 +/- 0.8) microg/ml], B [(4.9 +/- 1.3) microg/ml] and A [(6.1 +/- 1.2) microg/ml] (P < 0.05). After withdrawal of immunosuppression, out of 30 positive mice, symptoms including diarrhea and loose stools improved in 17 mice. After treated with spiramycin, status of the mice got improved, and there was statistical significance in the level of oocyst shedding between treatment group (0) and control group (11.3 +/- 8.1) (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The level of oocyst shedding, disease course, and pathological change of intestinal mucosa membrane are closely related to immune status of Cryptosporidium-infected mice. Spiramycin is effective in treating of Cryptosporidium infection.

Seventy Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups named as normal control group (10), Cryptosporidium infected group (20), allitridin treatment group (20) and azithromycin treatment group (20). After infection, each mouse in allitridin treatment and azithromycin treatment groups were given 1.5 mg/d allitridin or 2 mg/d azithromycin by gavage for 12 days, respectively. The mice were observed and the oocysts shedding in fecal pellets were counted daily after treatment. The level of secretory IgA (sIgA) in intestinal fluid of proximal jejunum was determined. The pathological changes in mucous membrane of proximal jejunum were observed by HE staining. Compared with infection group, the level of oocyst shedding was considerably lower in the two treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in sIgA level in intestinal fluid between allitridin treatment group (5.16 p.l/ml) and azithromycin treatment group (3.7 microl/ml) (P < 0.05). Pathological examination of intestinal mucous membrane showed that swollen mucous membrane and focal necrosis of tissue were observed in infection group, and less inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in the two treatment groups. Allitridin and azithromycin are effective in the treatment of Cryptosporidium infection. Allitridin can enhance the defense function of intestinal mucosa.

Using time domain reflectometry (TDR) technology, waste moisture content variation in aerobic and anaerobic landfill of MSW was monitored, in order to study its disciplinarian. The results showed that volume moisture content of waste increased with landfill time and water holding capacity of waste improved continuously. The correlation of water quantity and moisture content was positive in early aerobic landfill, but it became negative later. In anaerobic landfill, moisture content variation was caused by settlement and compression of MSW. TDR readings and waste material-based volume moisture content had a good correlation. The maximum error between them is about +/- 5% in aerobic landfill and +/- 2% in anaerobic landfill. TDR technology is applicable to measure moisture content in practical landfill engineering.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disease post allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed based on clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed as EBV disease and received rituximab from June 2006 to March 2012 in People's Hospital, Beijing University. Eleven patients were diagnosed as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) by histopathology and remaining 15 were diagnosed as probable EBV disease. Patients received a rituximab dose of 375 mg/m(2) once a week. Efficacy was evaluated as revised response criteria for non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and side effects during infusion were evaluated by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events., Results: Patients received 78 infusions with a median of 3(1-6) infusions in each. There were no severe side effects during the infusion of rituximab. The 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd), 4(th), 8(th) week cumulative complete remission (CR) were (11.5 ± 6.3)%, (42.2 ± 10.2)%, (64.4 ± 10.0)%, (74.6 ± 9.4)%, (87.3 ± 7.9)%, respectively. The overall response rate was 84.5%, and the CR rate was 73.1%. The CR rate was higher among patients with single organ involved than those with multiple organs involved (10/10 vs 9/16, P = 0.023). The CR rate was higher in patients with probable EBV disease than those with PTLD (13/15 vs 6/11, P = 0.095), while there was no statistically significant difference. The incidence of one-year and two-year overall survival since onset of rituximab were (55.7 ± 10.2)% and (39.6 ± 12.4)%, respectively. Survival rate was higher among the patients with single organ involved than those with multiple organ involved (8/10 vs 5/16, P = 0.041). Survival rate was higher in patients with probable EBV disease than those with PTLD (11/15 vs 2/11, P = 0.015)., Conclusions: Rituximab appears to be safe and effective for EBV disease. Due to a potential good response in probable EBV disease, we suggest rituximab should be given based on probable EBV disease; meanwhile the pathological results should get early if possible. Prospective trial is needed to provide evidence so as to define optimal therapy of rituximab.

N2O exchange fluxes from the intensively cultivated winter wheat-summer maize crop rotation system in the North China Plain were measured by the static chamber technique under normal fertilization treatment and normal fertilization combined with straw returning treatment. The results indicated that the cumulative emissions of N2O from normal fertilization treatment and normal fertilization combined with straw returning treatment were 7.61 kg x hm(-2) and 12.6 kg x hm(-2), respectively. The increased N2O from the straw returning mainly occurred during the maize growing season. The N2O emission during the maize growing season from the two fertilization treatments accounted for 57% - 86% of the annual N2O cumulative emission, which indicated that the annual emission of N2O mainly occurred during the maize growing season. Total N2O emission after 10 days of each fertilization accounted for about 71% - 88% of the annual emission. It is obvious that the application of existing chemical fertilizers greatly promoted the N2O emissions in the North China Plain.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and pathogenesis of fever within the first 24 hours following allogeneic peripheral stem cell transfusion and to analyze the associated risk factors., Methods: Totally 114 patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) between October 2009 and August 2010 were enrolled and clinical data of febrile patients within 24 hours following peripheral stem cell transfusion were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for transfusion related fever., Results: Thirty-two (28.1%) out of the 114 patients had a fever within 24 hours after allo-HSCT. All of them were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch transplantation. The median time of the temperature elevated was 2.5 (0 - 18.0) hours after the infusion with a median time of the peak of 7.8 (3.5 - 23.0) hours after the infusion. Fever was attributed to definite infection in 6 patients and no definite infection in the remaining 26 patients. None of them were hemolytic, which was attributed to transfusion related fever. Multivariate analysis showed that female donor and high count of peripheral leukocyte of donor peripheral blood were significant predictors for transfusion related fever., Conclusions: Most of post-infusion fever within 24 hours after HLA mismatch related transplantation has no identifiable infectious focus. The risk factors for transfusion related fever are female donor and high number of peripheral leukocyte of donor blood.

Objective: To detect the VEGF-C expression in the serum and tissue of cervical diseases. To explore correlation of tissue and serum expression and the clinical significance of VEGF-C in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous-celled carcinoma of Uighur momen in Xinjiang., Method: (1) The VEGF- C expressions in tissue were tested by immunohistochemisty from the 22 chronic cervicitis, 24 CIN,and 43 squamous-celled carcinoma patients, (2) The VEGF-C contents in the serum were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the 15 chronic cervicitis, 23 CIN, and 40 squamous-celled carcinoma patients., Result: (1) The expression of VEGF-C in the tissue of cervicitis, CIN and cervical carcinoma were separately 9.1%, 87.50%, 100%, the differences had significance (P < 0.05). (2) The VEGF-C serum contents were gradually increased from cervicitis to CIN and cervical carcinoma, the differences had significance (P < 0.05). (3) The compartment of results of VEGF-C in serum and tissue showed that, there were correlation between to of them, the more tissue expressions, the more serum expressions will be (r = 0.27, F = 5.327, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: VEGF-C has played an facilitation rule in the transition process of CIN to cervical squamous cell carcinoma of the Uygure women in Xinjiang, there are correlation of VEGF-C expression between tissue and serum.

To assess the clinical practice of quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR) in genetic diagnosis of male infertility patients, 78 nonobstructive male infertility patients were pooled for semen routine screening and sexual hormone determination; QF-PCR was applied to detect the polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) and specific sequence tagged site (STS) of sex chromosomes; routine chromosome G-band was used for karyotype analysis and PCR was used for the detection of AZF microdeletion. Routine screening of semen found 18 azoospermia and 20 oligospermia patients (48.72%). Three patients with 47, XXY, two with 46,XX(SRY+)and one with AZFc microdeletion were detected using QF-PCR technique which were verified by chromosome G-band and PCR. This study suggests that QF-PCR is a comprehensive, rapid and reliable method for detecting abnormal chromosomal regions and microstructures compared with traditional tests and provides a better candidate for diagnosis of male infertility caused by chromosomal anomalies and gene mutation.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and differential diagnosis of pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium massiliense (M. massiliense)., Methods: The clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of our patient were analyzed and the strain isolated from the patient was tested by bacteriological and molecular methods. The partial gene fragments of rpoB and hsp65 were amplified by PCR, sequenced and compared with GeneBank database in NCBI for identification of Mycobacterium species., Results: The patient was a 72 year old female, who had been admitted to hospital several times because of recurrent respiratory symptoms which had failed to improve upon treatment. This time, pulmonary infection with M. massiliense was confirmed by clinical manifestation and laboratory results. M. massilence isolated from the sputum of our patient was confirmed by bacteriological and molecular methods. The results of specific segments of rpoB and hsp65 tested by PCR and sequence analysis, and compared with that of mycobacterium in NCBI, showed that the DNA homology was 100% and 99% respectively. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that this strain was resistant to multiple drugs. According to the results of drug susceptibility tests and the condition of the patient, therapy with cefoxitin sodium and amikacin was used and the drugs were effective., Conclusions: The clinical manifestations and the chest imaging of pulmonary infection with M. massiliens were similar to those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be differentiated by laboratory tests.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) on silent myocardial ischemia (SMI)., Methods: Forty patients with SMI were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group and a medicine group, 20 cases in each group. The Electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture and Neiguan (PC 6) was selected as the main acupoint, and the other acupoints were selected by syndrome differentiation. The medicine group was treated with oral administration of compound Danshen dripping pill. The total effective rate, heart rate, blood pressure and dynamic electrocardiogram in 24 h were compared., Results: The total effective rate of 95.0% (19/20) in the electroacupuncture group was better than that of 75.0% (15/20) in the medicine group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the two groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the electroacupuncture group was superior to the medicine group (all P < 0.05). The SMI duration and the number of ST segment depression were decreased significantly in both groups after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and the electroacupuncture group was superior to the medicine group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) has a good therapeutic effect on SMI. It can decrease the heart rate and blood pressure, reduce the afterload in left ventricular and is superior to that of compound Danshen dripping pill.