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Objective To explore the potential application of the intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoid (ICO) differentiation model to study liver development. Methods Combining CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and ICO differentiation model, bulk RNA-seq data of the organoids cultured in expansion medium, differentiation medium, and differentiation medium after Hnf4α knockout were used to analyze the transdifferentiation process of ICO, and public single-cell transcriptome data sets were used to analyze the differentiation during fetal liver development. The two differentiation processes were compared in three aspects: the change of gene expression, biological function, and transcriptional regulation taking Hnf4α regulon as an example. Results The change of gene expression during ICO transdifferentiation was almost consistent with that in liver development. The up-regulated genes during transdifferentiation were mainly enriched in metabolism-related pathways closely associated biological functions of liver parenchymal cells. The downstream target genes of Hnf4α during ICO transdifferentiation were overlapped with those in fetal liver development. Conclusions ICO transdifferentiation model can partially simulate the differentiation process of fetal liver development.

Because of the particularity of the design of double circular arc gears, the influence of tooth surface friction on the transmission of double circular arc gears is often neglected in the past research on the dynamic characteristics of double circular arc gears. The precise model of double circular arc gear is designed by parameterization, and the dynamics performance of double circular arc gear is simulated by Adams software combined with multi-body dynamics analysis theory. By setting different friction coefficients between tooth surfaces, the influence of tooth surface friction on the dynamic performance of double circular arc gear transmission is analyzed, which is further verified by the transmission test of double circular arc gear. The simulation results provide some reference for the correlation between the double circular arc gear transmission and the tooth surface friction.

Virtual synchronous generator(VSG) control algorithm can simulate the characteristics of the traditional synchronous generator, inverter with control can provide the voltage and frequency support for large power grid, and the corresponding inertia and damping characteristics,improving the stability of large power grid . In this paper, an excitation regulator is introduced into the outer ring based on double closed loop control strategy of VSG virtual impedance under islanding micro grid. Taking into account the actual wire parameters, this paper proposes a multi VSG parallel network power allocation strategy, by setting up two simulation models of VSG parallel system with different capacities, the power allocation of VSG under the grid connected capacity according to the rated capacity ratio is achieved. Experimental results show that the power allocation strategy in parallel with multi VSG can achieve seamless and smooth switching of off/grid operation mode, and has better feasibility and applicability.

During shield tunneling, failing to replace worn cutters in a timely manner can decrease tunneling efficiency. To address this, an accurate prediction model for cutter wear is established, which aims to improve the utilization rate of disc cutters and overall construction efficiency. This model analyzes the relationship between cumulative wear and tunneling parameters with the aid of equivalent wear, and the database is extended to predict cumulative wear. By examining disc cutter wear data from the large-diameter shield tunnel project on the Xingye express line in Zhuhai, China, the wear types and patterns are studied through sectional statistics. The concept of equivalent wear amount is introduced, and its variation characteristics across different strata are analyzed. The relationship between wear amount and excavation parameters is fitted and a wear prediction model is established. The results show the following: (1) The disc cutter wear mainly manifests as uniform and partial wear, with partial wear being more prevalent in uneven soft and hard strata. (2) Disc cutter wear correlates positively with factors such as installation radius, blade width, formation type, and driving distance. (3) In a soft soil layer, equivalent wear changes smoothly, whereas in uneven strata, it progresses through adaptation, stability, and intensification stages. Fitting analysis shows that equivalent wear positively correlates with thrust and torque. The feasibility of the wear prediction model is validated using field measurement data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigating the influence of faulting on blast vibration wave propagation in an underground metal mine in Yunnan, the measuring points are arranged in the north and middle part of 3736 and the south and middle part of 3736 respectively. Using as a research object the actual blast vibration data collected from an underground metal mine in Yunnan, based on the wavelet packet transform, the HHT algorithm, and the STFT algorithm, the attenuation law of the blast vibration wave is investigated. The results show that the instantaneous energy amplitude of the vibration wave of a subsurface metal mine in Yunnan reaches 10X10-4 dB before the fault and 1. 5X10-4 dB after the fault, and the instantaneous amplitude of the energy attenuates by as much as 85%. This fault will perturb the energy distribution of the vibration wave to some degree and retard the rapid rise of the vibration energy. After the vibration wave passes through the fault, the low-frequency energy attenuates by 60%,the high frequency energy by 71%, the total energy power by 77%, the high frequency energy by 18%, the low frequency energy by 17%, and the overall energy power by 15%. Once the blast vibration wave has passed through the defect, a large amount of high-frequency energy is filtered out, and the overall energy distribution exhibits a trend toward the low-frequency domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on full-bridge (FB) and half-bridge (HB) sub-modules (SMs), the conventional hybrid modular multievel converter(MMC) is a typical topology of MMC with DC fault clearing ability. However, the proportion of FB SMs in conventional hybrid MMC is usually greater than 50%, so as to increase the cost and losses. To solve this mentioned issue, a DC fault commutated circuit based on thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC) structure in the hybrid MMC was integrated to reduce the number of FBs, the improved TSC-hybrid MMC was proposed in follows. In TSC-hybrid MMC, HB-MMCs and FB-MMCs were both retained their complete commutated body, and meanwhile, they were connected by a three-winding transformer in AC side and in series with DC side. In particularly, a thyristor-switched capacitor structure was integrated in the DC side of TSC-hybrid MMC to clear the DC fault. According to the analysis, the proportion of FB SMs in TSC-hybrid MMC can be reduced to 10%~25% or even lower (the AC-side voltage quality is a main limiting condition), the cost is reduced as well as the on-state losses. Simulation results validate the correctness of analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the optimal combination of pre-splitting blasting parameters to ensure the safety and stability of open-pit mine slope, the law of crack propagation under rock double-hole blasting was discussed by numerical simulation combined with similar model experiment, and the field pre-splitting blasting experiment was carried out. The results show that the cracks are first generated by the blasthole wall and the original rock near the blasthole is more damaged. As the decoupling coefficient increases from 1.33 to 3.00, the impact pressure on the hole wall decreases significantly, and the radius of the crushing zone decreases gradually. The range analysis method was used to study the influence of different factors on the experiment index, and the optimal combination of experiment factors was determined according to the evaluation index. The results of the model experiment indicate that the pre-splitting effect of the model specimen is the best under the combined conditions of the hole spacing-to-aperture ratio of 9, the decoupling coefficient of 3.00, the initiation delay time of 12 ms, and the maximum charge weight per delayed interval of 5.4 g (three holes and one shot). According to the results of numerical simulation and similar model experiment, combined with theoretical calculation, the pre-splitting blasting parameters with hole spacing of 0.8 m (the spacing-to-aperture ratio of about 9), decoupling coefficient of 3.00, delay time of 12 ms and maximum charge weight per delayed interval of 11.25 kg (three holes and one shot) were selected for field experiment, and good pre-splitting effect was achieved. The research results can provide reference for the design of pre-splitting blasting parameters in open-pit mines, and it is of great significance to realize accurate control blasting and ensure the safety and stability of open-pit mine slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the corrosion resistance of three different superhydrophobic coatings (MZS-1, MZS-2 and ZnO@ZIF-8) on AZ91D magnesium alloy surface in 5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution. The microstructure, wettability and corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic composite coating were tested and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, static contact angle tester, electrochemical workstation and salt spray tester, respectively. The results show that the corrosion of the superhydrophobic coatings does not occur until 192 h after salt spray treatment among the three types of superhydrophobic coatings, and the corrosion of the MZS-1 superhydrophobic coating is the most serious. The surface pitting of the MZS-2 superhydrophobic coating doesn't occur until 240 h later, and the contact angle is still high after salt spray treatment, so the corrosion resistance of the MZS-2 composite coating is the best.The polarization curve tests indicate that the corrosion current density of three superhydrophobic coatings are still one order of magnitude lower than that of the metal matrix after salt spray treatment for 240 h, showing excellent corrosion resistance. The superhydrophobic coating can effectively increase the corrosion resistance of metal materials.It can effectively prevent the infiltration of corrosive ions and provide long-term protection for the matrix because of its water repellency.

The uranium-containing wastewater produced in the process of uranium mining and nuclear energy utilization poses a serious potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. It is an urgent environmental problem to be solved. Microbial remediation has the advantages of simple operation design, low cost, high feasibility, and little environmental interference. There are four mechanisms of interaction between microorganisms and U(Ⅵ): biosorption, biomineralization, bioreduction and bioaccumulation. In order to study the multiple remediation mechanism of uranium-contaminating water body mediated by indigenous bacteria, in this study, β-sodium glycerophosphate (GP) was used as the sole carbon and phosphorus source to induce the conversion of free U(Ⅵ) in solution to solid-phase precipitation under the degradation of indigenous phosphorus-dissolving bacteria. The objective is to investigate whether there are multiple mechanisms at play in the biomineralization of phosphate that occurs in the presence of added exogenous organophosphorus. The results of the solution parameters show that the removal of uranium reaches 90.68% at 36 h and 98.34% at 228 h. The stability analysis of the product shows that the desorption rate of uranium is 80.28% at 40 h and 30.23% at 228 h. The occurrence of biosorption, mineralization, reduction, and accumulation is verified by SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, and TEM, respectively. At the early stage it is found that soluble U(Ⅵ) first attaches to the cell surface. It combines with hydroxyl, phosphate group and amide through electrostatic action and complexation to provide initial nucleation sites for the formation of U(Ⅵ) biominerals. Subsequently, XPS and XRD results jointly demonstrate that the solid uranium product is UO2 in the crystalline state. And U(Ⅵ)-phosphate mineral appeares in the form of Metaankoleite K(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O. The crystallinity of U(Ⅵ)-phosphate minerals becomes better with increasing reaction time. The appearance of fibrous and granular structural deposits around, on the surface and in the body of the bacteria is also found by TEM. Metaankoleite K(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O is also found inside the cells. The composition of this flora is unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae (53.15%), lysinibacillus (42.05%), dysgonomonas (2.79%), citrobacter (1.13%) and petrimonas (0.88%). Unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae plays a major role in the whole system. It has the functions of biosorption, biomineralization, bioreduction and bioaccumulation. The above results indicate that in complex and diverse outdoor environments, not only one type of microorganism is involved. It is more practical to study the remediation of uranium-containing wastewater by indigenous bacteria. Moreover, the indigenous bacteria may have the result of multiple mechanisms in the process of uranium remediation.

【Objective】 Improving irrigation water use efficiency is critical to developing water-saving agriculture. The aim of this paper is to present and validate a model to comprehensively evaluate irrigation water use efficiency. 【Method】 The model is based on the entropy-weighted technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), using the evaluation indexes constructed from irrigation water efficiency. We then applied it to evaluate water use efficiency from 2017 to 2020 in six irrigation areas in the Second Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. 【Result】 The results calculated from the model are consistent with the ground-truth data. The rank of the results calculated from the model is closely correlated with the rank of the effective utilization coefficient of the irrigation water and the rank of the results calculated from the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (P

The clustering method based on deep learning can automatically learn the latent features of data, and can be easily generalized to large-scale datasets with high-dimension. Traditional deep clustering methods pay more at-tention to extracting hidden layer features of data through deep neural networks to improve clustering accuracy, and less analyze the determinism of data categories in clustering tasks. At the same time, there is a lack of analysis of the discrete latent vector distribution after imposing constraints. This paper proposes a variational deep generative clustering model under entropy regularizations (VDGC-ER), which uses the variational auto-encoder as the basic framework and introduces the Gaussian mixture model as prior of the latent variables. This paper first proposes the sample entropy regularization term to the discrete latent vector of Gaussian mixture model to improve the clustering accuracy of the model. Further, this paper defines the aggregated sample entropy regularization term on the discrete latent vector to reduce the clustering imbalance, so that it can avoid local optimization and improve the generative diversity. Then, this paper uses the Monte Carlo sampling and re-parameterization strategies to estimate the optimi-zation objective of VDGC-ER model, and uses the stochastic gradient descent method to calculate the model para-meters. Finally, this paper designs the comparison experiments on MNIST, REUTERS, REUTERS-10K and HHAR datasets to demonstrate the performance of the VDGC-ER model. Experimental results show that the model can not only generate high quality samples, but also present high accuracy clustering.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, various polymer nanoparticles have been developed as anticancer drug carriers to prolong blood circulation time and improve intratumoral accumulation, and then enhance the therapeutic efficacy on osteosarcoma. OBJECTIVE: To review the application and development of polymer nanomedicines for treatment of osteosarcoma based on latest related studies. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Web of Science, NCBI, and PubMed was performed to search publications published between January 1900 and June 2019 with the search terms "osteosarcoma; polymer; nanoparticle; controlled drug delivery; tumor therapy'. A total of 265 publications were screened out, and 107 of them regarding polymer nanoparticles for treatment of osteosarcoma were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, mainly affecting children and adolescents. The long-term survival rate of osteosarcoma patients is low due to early lung metastasis and high local invasiveness. Although chemotherapy increases the survival rates of patients with osteosarcoma, its application potential is limited by severe side effects and drug resistance. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, polymer nanomedicines reduce the toxicity to healthy tissues, prolong the blood circulation time in vivo, and provide continuous release of chemotherapy drugs at the tumor sites, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, polymer nanomedicines have great application prospects in the treatment of osteosarcoma because of their unique advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the teaching effect of the teaching mode changed from traditional teaching to online teaching after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Relying on the Beijing Women's Health Care Technology Improvement Project, the online and offline continuing medical education was carried out, to train the obstetrician and gynecologist working in 16 maternal and child health care hospitals in 16 administrative regions of Beijing, which was planned from September 2020 to December 2025. This study retrospectively collected the assessment results of the two teaching modes from March 2021 to December 2021 (the first year of the teaching plan), and compared the teaching effects. Results Online teaching completed three sessions of 30 live online conference courses, with about 25 000 participants, including 4757 obstetricians and gynecologists from 16 maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing. A total of 82 on-site teaching courses were held for offline teaching, and 1771 gynecologists and obstetricians from 16 maternity and child care hospitals in Beijing participated in the study. The scores of online teaching and offline teaching were 90.88±4.88 and 88.65±4.35, respectively. Conclusions Online teaching maybe has similar teaching effects as offline teaching. Compared with offline teaching, online teaching has more advantages, such as convenience, efficiency and economy, which is worthy of promotion and application in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In order to solve the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by high operating temperature of photovoltaic modules, a pre-spray cooling system for photovoltaic modules driven by buoyancy was proposed. Based on Fluent 2020R2 software, the photovoltaic module cooling systems of natural draft cooling and pre-spray cooling were established respectively. Their cooling performance under typical hot and drought conditions was compared. The research shows that the pre-spray cooling system obviously has a pre-cooling effect on the inlet air. After pre-spray cooling, the average temperature of photovoltaic modules is 7 K lower than that of natural draft cooling, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 0.43% higher than that of natural draft cooling.

In order to investigate the influence of surrounding rock characteristics on gas drainage of through layer borehole in composite reservoir, the seepage law of gas in coal seam and rock stratum is analyzed. Based on the fluid solid coupling model of gas drainage in composite reservoir and single reservoir, the gas drainage effect of cross layer borehole with different dip angles on composite reservoir and single reservoir, and gas drainage by crossing hole coupling with multiple boreholes are simulated. The results show that the influence radius and effective radius of gas drainage from composite reservoir are larger than that of single reservoir when the same drilling hole is used to extract coal seam gas from different reservoirs; the influence range of gas drainage in composite reservoir is decreased with the increase of angle, and the influence of interlayer channeling is also weakened; under the condition of multi-borehole coupling drainage, the gas pressure of the middle and lower coal seams in the composite reservoir is obviously lower than that in the same position in the single reservoir.

To design a new type of fully automatic intelligent milk dispenser that is different from traditional milk preparation methods, which is based on Internet technology and combined with artificial intelligence. Its structure mainly includes: shell, water tank, milk powder bucket, cover, mixing bin, sealer, control panel and heating transfer plate. Among them, the control panel includes a main control circuit board, a music sound and light module, a temperature display module, a milk/flush module, a temperature control module, and a wireless receiving module. The controls of these control panels are all connected to the main control circuit board. Compared with the traditional intelligent milk dispenser, this method incorporates functions such as high-pressure steam sterilization, automatic micro-stirring, remote control, and automatic bottle sealing in the operation, making the process more scientific and reasonable. More importantly, it helps to reduce the tedious workload of medical staff, reduce environmental pollution, and reduce the risk of intestinal infections in infants and young children. (本文介绍一种区别于传统配奶方式、基于互联网技术并结合人工智能的一种新型全自动智能配奶机的研制和应用方法。其结构主要包括: 壳体、水箱、奶粉桶、罩体、混合仓、封口器、控制面板以及加热传送板。其中, 控制面板包括主控电路板、音乐声光模块、温度显示模块、冲奶/冲水模块、温度控制模块和无线接收模块等, 这些控制面板的控件均与主控电路板相接。与传统的智能配奶机相比较, 该方式在操作中融入了紫外线消毒、自动微型搅拌、远程遥控、自动封瓶等功能, 使过程更为科学合理。更重要的是, 有利于减少医护人员繁琐的工作量, 减少对环境的污染, 降低婴幼儿肠道感染的风险。)

The existing FFT-WT algorithm and FFT-BP algorithm have advantages only for the detection of certain specific harmonics in photovoltaic systems. In this paper, the FFT-WT algorithm is improved, and a DFFT-WT algorithm is proposed. The FFT-BP algorithm is improved and an improved FFT-BP model is proposed. On the basis of this, the two are combined, the threshold interval is introduced to limit the search scope of the neural network iteration, and a DFFT-WT-BP(Double FFT-WT-BP) detection algorithm is proposed. The simulation results show that the algorithm can detect complex harmonic signals composed of multiple harmonics in the actual photovoltaic network inversion system, and is more accurate and practical.

In view of multi-objective optimization problem in structure design of mine crawler robot with two rocker arms, a structure optimization design scheme of mine crawler robot with two rocker arms based on GA-PSO algorithm was proposed. Influence factors of maximum obstacle crossing height of robot and centroid position change are obtained through geometry and kinematics analysis of obstacle crossing process of the robot. According to work requirements of mine robot, constraint conditions are established to get multi-objective optimization function, and the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into a single-objective optimization problem by introducing weight coefficient. GA-PSO algorithm is used to solve the single-objective optimization problem, and the optimal structural parameters of the robot are obtained: the quality of the car body is 10 kg, the quality of the rocker arm is 5 kg, the distance between front and rear wheels is 600 mm, the radius of drive wheel is 115 mm. The simulation results show that the energy consumption of the robot adopting above parameters is lower than other design schemes, and the target motion is easier to achieve.

Objective To explore a new cut-off of remnant liver volume-to-body weight ratio (RLV-BWR) and investigate the relationship between RLV-BWR and post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of cirrhotic liver. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 181 patients who underwent hemihepatectomy. Total liver volume, tumor volume, remnant liver volume and resected liver volume were measured by Myrian-Liver surgical planning system before surgery. Intraoperative resected liver volume(include resected normal liver and tumor volume) were collected by drainage method. Patients were divided into PHLF group and non-PHLF group according to the "50-50"criteria. Then the risk factors of PHLF were analyzed. The cut-off of RLV-BWR and efficiency to predict PHLF were analyzed in the subgroup of cirrhotic liver. The grading of liver cirrhosis was analysed by helical CT, retrospectively. Results After operation, 22 patients developed PHLF and one patient died of PHLF. Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative total bilirubin level and RLV-BWR were identified as independent predictors of PHLF. According the postoperative pathological data, 102 patients with cirrhotic liver were selected; 18 patients developed PHLF and one patient died of PHLF in the subgroup. ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off of RLV-BWR was 0.94%(the areas under the curve was 0.853, P < 0.01, sensitivity and specialty rates were 94.4% and 72.3%) in patients with HCC in cirrhotic liver. By analyzing helical CT, 84 cases were grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ and 18 cases were grade Ⅲ. Conclusion The risk of PHLF would increase in the HCC in cirrhotic liver patients with RLV-BWR ≤0.94% after hemihepatectomy.

This study investigated high-throughput screening of inhibitors for the key enzyme CitE in the synthesis of red yeast citrinin through computer simulation. First, Alphafold 2 was used to build the homology model of CitE. and it was aligned with similar sequences to predict the ligand binding region. Subsequently, a ligand library of 20 000 compounds was constructed by searching for natural ligands and flavonoid skeleton analogues in the Arthur database. Afterwards, molecular docking of the CitE protein to the library of small molecule compounds was performed using Maestro to select potential CitE ligands. Gromacs kinetic simulation was used to evaluate the binding stability, and the binding free energy was calculated using MM/PBSA. The protein-ligand binding mode was analyzed, confirming that six small molecule ligands including quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, genistein, 5,4’-dihydroxyflavone, and fisetin had strong CitE binding activities. The results from solid and liquid state fermentation showed that the above compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Monascus citrinin production. Specifically, the addition of these compounds in solid state fermentation (20 mg/28 g of dry material) resulted in a reduction of Monascus citrinin production by 42.52%, 48.81%, 32.54%, 32.57%, 21.02%, and 13.67%, respectively, while their addition in liquid state fermentation (0.1 g/L) led to a reduction by 33.77%, 15.58%, 33.33%, 62.34%, 58.87%, and 50.22%, respectively. In summary, this study is of reference significance for establishing an efficient and safe Monasucs fermentation system.

With the development of cloud computing and internet of things technology, verifiable computing has been widely used as a new computing technology. While verifiable computing brings convenience to users, there are also security challenges: data privacy, verifiability of results, and efficiency. At present, the sparse matrix multiplication encryption method is used to protect the privacy of data in the matrix multiplication verifiable calculation scheme. After analyzing the sparse matrix encryption algorithm, it is found that there are two challenges. The one is that the row or column common factor leaks the row or column data of the original matrix. The other is that the zero element leaks the statistic information of the zero element of the original matrix. Meanwhile,the existing scheme is also not ideal for the verification efficiency of cloud server computing results.Aiming at the challenge of data privacy protection, the designed batch matrix multiplication verifiable computation scheme uses triple perturbation encryption algorithm to achieve stronger privacy protection without increasing the computational complexity of encryption and decryption. Specifically, a special upper or lower triangular sparse matrix is constructed to add double perturbation (multiplicative perturbation and additive perturbation) to protect row or column data, and a special additive sparse matrix is constructed to add a single perturbation (additive perturbation) to protect zero element information. Aiming at the challenge of verification efficiency of cloud server computing results, the scheme uses matrix linear combination technology to realize batch verification of calculation results. The verification efficiency is increased by about 50 times and increases with the increase of the number of matrices. Performance analysis shows that this scheme does not increase the client encryption and decryption overhead and improves the efficiency of result verification.

Myostatin ( Mstn ) is known as growth/differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8). Knockout or knockdown of Mstn gene promotes muscle development and reduces fat content. Here we prepared Mstn knockdown mice by RNA interference, then the morphology of the skeletal muscle, the content of triglyceride (TG), the content and composition of fatty acids in the skeletal muscle were detected. The expression of Mstn reduced in muscle of Mstn knockdown mice compared to the controls. The cross sectional areas of the skeletal muscle myofibers were significantly larger while the content of TG was less than that of the controls, and the ratios of n-3 / n-6 and unsat/sat in the knockdown mice increased significantly. Subsequently, we detected the expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism. The expression of the genes associated with lipolysis and fatty acid transportation were up-regulated, while the genes associated with fatty acid synthesis were down-regulated. Of these genes, the up-regulation of a gene associated with β oxidation, Cpt1b , was up-regulated remarkably. We further detected the enzyme activity of CPT1 in skeletal muscle and obtained the same results with gene expression. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed and we found that SMAD3, a transcription factor downstream of Mstn , directly binds to the promoter of Cpt1b gene. These results showed that knockdown of Mstn up-regulated the expression of Cpt1b through the binding of SMAD3 to the promoter of Cpt1b , then promoted the β oxidation metabolism of intramuscular fatty acids.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness between SuperPATH approach and posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty (THA)., Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2016, 84 patients with hip disease were included in the study and randomly divided into 2 groups. Forty patients were treated with THA via SuperPATH approach (SuperPATH group), and 44 patients were treated with THA via posterolateral approach (PSA group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, the type of disease, the complicating diseases, and preoperative thrombosis of lower extremity and Harris score between 2 groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, postoperative drainage volume, unloaded activity time, Harris score, and short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36) score were compared. The postoperative X-ray films were used to observe the position of joint prosthesis., Results: All patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 10.3 months). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, postoperative drainage volume, and unloaded activity time in SuperPATH group were significantly superior to those in PSA group ( P <0.05). The Harris score at 2 weeks and 1 month after operation were significantly higher in SuperPATH group than that in PSA group ( P <0.05). But there was no significant difference in the Harris scores at 3 and 6 months after operation between 2 groups ( P >0.05). At last follow-up, the SF-36 scores were higher in SuperPATH group than those in PSA group ( P <0.05). Postoperative X-ray films showed the joint prosthesis was in good position., Conclusion: THA via SuperPATH approach has the advantages of minimal invasion, safe, and rapid recovery, which is better than THA via posterolateral approach.

Objective: To investigate the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during early development on body weight and glucose metabolism of female filial rats., Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by drinking water containing 1 microg/ml BPA from the 6th day of gestation to the end of lactation. Body weight of female pups was measured on born, during lactation and after weaning. The levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin and leptin, the weight of liver and kidney and peri-gonadal and peri-renal adipose tissue were measured, and the organ and adipose tissue coefficients were calculated., Results: Compared with the control pubs, the body weight of pups in BPA-exposed group was significantly higher at born and after weaning, the virginal and gonadal adipose tissue coefficient was significantly higher, and the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin were increased but leptin decreased., Conclusion: BPA exposure during early development could increase the body weight and result in insulin resistance. The decrease of serum leptin resulted from BPA exposure maybe one of reasons related to obesity and insulin resistance.

Objective: To explore the effect of subchronic fluoride exposure on the expression of beta-catenin in the bone of rats and the role of beta-catenin in skeletal damage., Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The rats were treated at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/L F- in drinking water, and control rats were drunk tap water. The contents of fluoride in bone and serum were determined after three month. The expressions of beta-catenin were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry., Results: HE staining indicated that the compact bone was thicker and the trabecular bone increased in fluoride-treated group in comparison with control group. The hypertrophic chondrocytes accumulated and arranged disordered in fluoride-treated rats. The expressions of p-catenin mRNA and protein expressions in bones of fluoride-treated rats were higher than those of control group. Immunohistochemistry indicated that beta-catenins were mainly expressed by osteoblast and osteoclast. There was also positive staining in hypertrophic chondrocyte., Conclusion: It was suggested that beta-catenin could play important role in bone sclerosis of subchronic fluoride exposure.