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ObjectiveTo improve the response capabilities to disasters and prevent major epidemics， it is of practical use to study the capability evaluation system of the national emergency medical rescue team that combines theoretical training and practical exercises， to enhance the overall quality of the teams.MethodsFirst， a capability assessment system for the national emergency medical rescue team was constructed based on the INSARAG External Classification （IEC） standards of the national emergency medical rescue team. Then， based on the outcome based education （OBE） concept， we conducted innovative research on the curriculum design and exercise programs for team building and member training. Finally， an empirical analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of the evaluation system and training exercises based on the statistical analysis of the comprehensive quality evaluation of the Shanghai national emergency medical rescue team from 2020 to 2023， as well as the empirical analysis of the rescue exercise on the Cruise of spectrum.ResultsBased on the linear regression analysis of each core competency indicators， the five core competencies in the evaluation system， including rescue skills， medical and health knowledge， disaster coping ability， team cooperation ability， and mental resilience training， were positively correlated with the cumulative number of trainings （r=0.71， r=0.76， r=0.81， r=0.84， r=0.96，all P

This research aims at discussing the influence of irrigation method and planting density on the rice yields in cold zone and production characteristics of photosynthetic substances, and the interaction effect, which has important meaning for the guidance of high yield of rice and high-efficiency cultivation. The experiment is carried out in the land for growing field crops, and takes Kendao 24 (A rice cultivar widely planted in rice production in china, which had high grain yield, extensive adaptability, and with growth duration of 130-135 days from sowing to maturity) as the experimental material. Deal the rice with three kind of irrigation method, heavy irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying (W1), light irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying (W2) and irrigation with shallow water(W3), and the planting distance respectively adopts 30 cm×10 cm (D1), 30 cm×12 cm (D2), and 30 cm×14 cm (D3). It will analyze the influence of the water and density on the yield formation of rice and production characteristics of photosynthetic substances. The results show that the overall effects of each way of irrigation on the dry matter accumulation, production of photosynthetic substance, yield components and yield present W2>W3>W1. W2 treatment has greatly improved the rice yield, and increases the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice. Compared with W3 and W1 treatment, the actual yield respectively increased by 5.05% and 27.89%; W2 treatment has effectively controlled the ineffective tillering, greatly improved percentage of earbearing tiller, and reduced the height of plant and length of the third and forth internode from the top while the growth speed of blade is slower than W3 treatment. Under all the conditions of density, the one resulting in the best effect in biological yield after head sprouting, dry matter transmission in the stem-sheath and the final grain yield is D2 treatment; the blade under D3 treatment grows faster than D2 and D1 treatment, and new leaves will grow. Under the interaction of different ways of irrigation and densities, each kind of way of irrigation and density treatment will cause significant or extremely significant interaction effect on the leaf age, number of stem and tiller, percentage of earbearing tiller, ratio of grain-leaf during heading period, dry matter accumulation, dry matter transmission in stem-sheath after heading sprouting and production of photosynthetic substance, yield components, and yield. The best effect appears under the light irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying and planting distance of 30 cm×10 cm(W2D1). Compared with other treatments, it realizes the production increase by 5.0%-8.5%, Yield increasing way of W2D1 treatment is achieved by the high ratio of grain-leaf, high leaf area index(LAI), more photosynthetic substance accumulation, high grain weight and harvest index, and the formation of high quality population; great dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage, high crop growth rate(CGR) and net assimilation rate(NAR), strong production capacity of photosynthetic substance, reasonable output and transmission of substances in stem-sheath, and great number of effective panicles, high 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate, which causing high grain yield. The comprehensive analysis shows that the treatments of light irrigation of alternation of wetting and drying and planting distance of 30 cm×10 cm are more suitable for the cultivation of rice in cold zone with high yield and high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is an important environmental and economic challenge facing human beings. Its potentially significant effect on tourism, which is one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors worldwide, has become a pressing issue. There has been a vigorous academic debate on the relationship between tourism and climate change in the last few years. The concept of Low-Carbon Tourism was put forward in the report "Towards a Low Carbon Travel and Tourism Sector" presented to the World Economic Forum at the Copenhagen Conference in May 2009. Consequently, international and domestic researchers started to carry out extensive investigations in this field. As a result of these studies, they acknowledged that government agencies and tourism enterprises are key agents in the development of low-carbon tourism. A review of literature shows, however, that the application of game theory to low-carbon decision analyses of tourism stakeholders is very limited. Evolutionary game theory provides a powerful framework for studying complex decision-making relationship between two groups. Hence, an evolutionary game model of these two stakeholders is established to dynamically study their strategies relating to low-carbon emissions. The incentive system promoted by the interaction between local government and tourism enterprises can be described by a precise mathematical model relating carbon dioxide emission standards to their corresponding rewards and penalties, and validating its effectiveness and analyzing the development path it suggests. Specifically, local government is assumed to implement carbon emission appraisal systems and set strict limits on emissions. A low-carbon tourism enterprise whose emission load is below the standard should be able to gain rewards from government, such as information, supply of technology, tax deductions, and financial support. Conversely, those enterprises exceeding the emission standards should pay a fine. We can see that there are two stable strategy (ESS) needed in this dynamic system to solve the evolutionary ESSs for each game-agent and then integrate the results. One strategy is that tourism enterprises continue to use the traditional development mode when local government agencies do not carry out adequate supervision of low-carbon tourism. The other can be expressed as non-supervision, low-carbon development. The results indicate that there are a range of barriers in relation to government supervision and business transformation in the early stage of low-carbon tourism. Once these are solved with the perfection of market conditions, government departments and tourism enterprises do in fact implement emission reduction measures, and eventually a virtuous cycle of voluntary reduction by tourism enterprises and administrative support in local government can be created. However, to bring about this harmonious equilibrium of joint promotion of low-carbon development, it is necessary to increase rewards and punishments relating to carbon emissions. These can be used to cut the costs of transition to low-carbon emissions and dynamically adjust carbon emission standards. However, the evolutionary process between local government and tourism enterprises needs long, gradual, advancement before it can lead to the situation of coexistence of government supervision with self-development in either the traditional or low-carbon business modes. The strategy selected by a game player relies heavily on the initial state and evolution path, so local government and tourism enterprises can obtain higher rates of return only if they make decisions based on a long-term interest. Furthermore, although incentives for reducing carbon emission are confirmed as contributing to low-carbon tourism, there exist shortcomings that the hypotheses of evolutionary game theory do not reflect tourism industry characteristics well, and specific stimulation measures may be lost when simplifying the model. The next step of this research project is to select certain types of tourism enterprise and build a model embodying their industrial features in order to explore more targeted ways towards low-carbon tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese lyric poetry is always known as "musical poetry" or "phonic poetry. " Classical Poetics hermeneutics is also known as the tradition of "interpreting poetry in phonic way.' In the shock of the May Fourth Literature Revolution, however, such profound ancient "phonic hermeneutics" tradition suffered a devastating blow and a fracture between ancient and modern Chinese poetics had then occurred. Which factors led to this fracture? Firstly, modern vernacular poetry's inclining to colloquialism caused the loss of phonic tradition of classical poetry. Secondly, the loss of classical poetry's musicality made modern poetry lose its musical basis. Thirdly, the penetration of western poetry resulted in modern vernacular poetry gradually losing the roots of national language. Fourthly, several biases in modern reading practices such as neglecting reading while appreciating looking, excessive pursuit of beauty of statics and ignoring voice chanting while emphasizing meaning seeking caused missing of voice. Therefore, reconstructing tradition of phonic hermeneutics of modern Chinese poetry is particularly urgent and important. Modern hermeneutics of poetry is a new discipline horn on the heels of modern poetry. From the poetics practices of many theorists of hermeneutics of poetry, the usual way of construction mainly starts with images and aims to explore the implication of poems by decoding metaphor, symbol, etc. and analyzing meaning of language. This kind of practice is admittedly essential hut it is more far-away from hermeneutics tradition of Chinese poetics, which definitely keeps poetry critics with 'Chinese feeling" worrying deeply. In fact, there are already some poetry theorists who reconstruct "phonic hermeneutics" of modern Chinese poetry starting with voice in the history of development of modern poetry, among which Zhu Ziqing and Zhu Guangqian are representatives. Their poetics constructions both have profound traditional features and their poetics practices also suggest that the construction of theory of modern phonic hermeneutics can find available resources in the profound poetics tradition called "zhiyin." The tradition of classical "phonic hermeneutics" provides not only possibility but also direction for the establishment of hermeneutics of modern poetry. Specifically, modern hermeneutics of poetry can he constructed along the following dimensions. The first level is called "yi sheng guan zhi" which grasps emotional aspects by voice. The second level is called "yin sheng xun yi," that is, readers comprehend poem's meaning through voice chanting. The third level named "tong diao tong gan" could arouse responsive effect of empathy through chanting. The fourth level is to divine the realm of texture of poems by voice, namely "yuan sheng ru shen." On these bases, in order to achieve the purpose of a fuller and deeper understanding of poetry, modern poetry theorists also invent a dramatic method of "phonic hermeneutics" of modern poetry, which exerts itself to create a dramatic atmosphere and enhances artistic appeal by means of action and performance of recitation. The topic in question of this paper is original, the issue of phonic hermeneutics of modern poetry has long been neglected in poetry theory field. The problem consciousness of this paper is prominent, which highlights drawing on traditional resources to construct this core issue of theory of phonic hermeneutics of modern poetry. The argumentation of this paper is specific, two representative poetry critics Zhu Ziqing and Zhu Guangqian are examined here and a detailed and in-depth analysis has been made on their unique contribution to construction of modern poetics of "phonic hermeneutics." The views and thoughts which have been put forward in this paper undoubtedly have significant reference value to the construction of a more complete theoretical prospect of modern Chinese poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While questioning Hushi's theory of "Great liberation of genre," Xueheng School again proposed its idea of genre reform, which claimed "to use new material into the old rhyme. "The formation of Xueheng School's concept of "New Poetry" was, to some extent, originated from the tradition of "Differentiation Poetry. " First of all, Xueheng School stuck to the traditional belief that poetry has its own principles and believed that poetry styles contribute to determine poetry qualities. Xueheng School regarded the genre style as the primary feature of poetry. Secondly, the traditional poetic theories placed great emphasis on the differences between poetry and prose, the spirit of which was totally accepted by Xueheng School. Thirdly, the tradition of merging poetry and music together was also used as a critical weapon to criticise the "free style poetry" in New Literature school. Xueheng School believed that non-rhyme and non-meter meant losing the nature of poetry, and proposed that preserving rhyme and meter was the only hope of China's modern poetry. Finally, influenced by the tradition of "Differentiation Poetry," Xueheng School also discussed the differences between ancient poetry and modern poetry, as well as those between Chinese poetry and foreign poetry. They criticized that the "May Fourth new poets" had blindly copied foreign poetry which ignored the characteristics of the Chinese poetry and made new poems from the translated versions of foreign poems. They also specified the basic features of the "ideal New Poetry. "Between the choices of old and new, Xueheng School insisted that content of poetry should be constantly updated but the ancient style should remain. Additionally, Xueheng School also suggested that maintaining the old style did not mean rigid adherence to the rules of ancient poetry, and they claimed that appropriately changing the style and maintaining the nature of ancient poetry were two sides of the same coin. The reason for the decline of old-style poetry proposed by Xueheng School was the decayed content. Therefore, they think that the literature revolution should concentrate on the aspect of content. As far as cultural attitudes were concerned, Xueheng School was undeniably very conservative, which was embodied in its proposal of style reform. The old rhyming style is a genre, which is comprised of learnable conventions and symbol systems. The old rhyming is one of the carriers of cultural identity. To some extent, identifying with the old rhyming style is identifying with Chinese culture. The persistence of Xueheng School in keeping the old poetry style showed their identification with the tradition Chinese culture. As for how to reform literature, Xueheng School favored building up the concept of "New Poetry" on the basis of the old ones. The ideas of Xueheng School showed their full respect for the old literature traditions and the old literature principles. Nonetheless, the weakness of Xueheng School was also obvious, for example, they lacked innovation and constrained themselves by the old principles. The poetic ideas of Xueheng School appear to be stagnant. From the perspective of theory building, Xueheng School did not propose anything new, and from the perspective of poetry practices, Xueheng School did not contribute too much either. It is hence expected that there were no strong response to the call of Xueheng School. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a new body shape index (ABSI) on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Fasting blood-glucose (FBG) in elders in Chengdu., Methods: In May 2007, a total of 685 subjects were recruited by random sampling, with an average age of (63.3±10.2) years. All subjects received standardized questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests for analyzing the relationship between ABSI with the prevalence of FBG and DM., Results: The overall trend of FBG increased with rising ABSI (P<0.001). But the impact of ABSI on the prevalence trend of DM was not obvious (P=0.334). According to logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders, ABSI was not a risk factor of DM. Relative to the lowest quartile of ABSI, the odds ratio of DM prevalence was 1.093 (95% CI: 0.617-1.937, P=0.761), 0.844 (95% CI: 0.469-1.517, P=0.570) and 0.684 (95% CI: 0.373-1.256, P=0.221) at the second, third and fourth quartiles respectively., Conclusion: ABSI is not associated with the prevalence of DM in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengdu. Further cohort study are required for clarifying the ethnic difference of ABSI.

To study the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on sleep physiology of mini pigs with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) induced by altitude hypoxia, 12 adult male mini pigs were randomly assigned into 2 groups, named A and B. The mini pigs in group A were treated with altitude hypoxia 6 h per day for 22 days, and then with CPAP 6 h per day for 30 days. For comparison, the mini pigs in group B were treated with altitude hypoxia only. The test of inspiration pressure of pharyngeal portion and the monitoring of sleeping were performed after the treatments of altitude hypoxia and CPAP. The sleeping monitor recorded the movements of chest and abdomen, respiratory airflow, heart rate, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2). The Apnea /Hypopnea Index (AHI), Apnea Index (AI), Hypopnea Index (HI), average SpO2 were all derived from the data of sleeping monitoring. In group A, the AHI and AI decreased after CPAP treatment; in the same time, SpO2 increased; these changes were significant (P < 0.05). The HI showed no significant change after CPAP treatment. The AHI, AI and HI of group A after CPAP treatment were significantly lower than those of group B after altitude hypoxia treatment only, and the SpO2 of group A was higher than that of group B. The pharyngeal inspiration pressure of group A was significantly decreased after CPAP treatment and was significantly lower than that of group B. All in all, the findings suggested that CPAP treatment could normalize the physiological indices of sleeping.

This study sought to assess the effect of CPAP on the structure and function of upper airway of mini pig with OSAS induced by altitude hypoxia. 12 adult male mini pigs were randomly assigned to 2 groups, named A and B. The mini pigs in group A were treated with altitude hypoxia 6 h per day for 22 days, and then with CPAP 6 h per day for 30 days. The mini pigs in group B were treated with altitude hypoxia only. Pharyngeal CT scanning and respiratory pressure testing were performed after the treatments . At last all mini pigs were sacrificed and their pharyngeal tissue was acquired for pathological examination. Result of pharyngeal CT scanning showed that, in group A, both of transverse diameters of pharyngeal cave in anterior and posterior areas of hyoid bone increased significantly after CPAP treatment (P < 0.05), while the pharyngeal longitudinal diameters exhibited no significant change (P > 0.05). The thickness of pharyngeal posterior wall of the anterior areas of hyoid bone increased significantly (P < 0.05) after CPAP, while the thickness of the lateral wall displayed no significant change. The pharyngeal longitudinal diameters of group A after CPAP were shorter than those of group B, and the transverse diameters were longer than those of group B, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The pharyngeal posterior walls in soft palate area and anterior area of hyoid bone after CPAP were significantly thicker than those of group B (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups as far as lateral wall thickness was concerned (P > 0.05). After CPAP treatment, the pharyngeal inspiration pressure in group A decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the pressure was significantly lower than that of group B. Microscopic findings showed that the epithelium was proliferated partly after CPAP treatment. The muscle fibers of group A became fatter and were arranged disorderly with unclear transverse striation. The dropsied and congestive subcutaneous tissues were also infiltrated with inflammatory cells. These pathological changes were more obvious in group B. The results suggested that CPAP treatment could normalize the structure and function of pharyngeal tissue in OSAS mini pigs.

A mini pig model for study of human obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was established by altitude hypoxia. Eight mini pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups, named A, B, and C. They were placed in a double-roomed altitude chamber. As control, Groups A lived in Room 2 and there was an altitude of sea level in it. Groups B and C were in Room 1 and the pressure in it was 53.9 KPa with an oxygen concentration of 10.0%-11.2%. All of these mini pigs were in their rooms for 6 hours per day. Pigs in Groups B were in the room for 12 consecutive days and sacrificed on the 13th day. Pigs in Groups A and C were executed on the 23rd day. The pharyngeal CT scanning and the defermination of respiratory pressure in pharynx oralis and saturation of arterial blood oxygen were conducted in all exprimental mini pigs before they were put in chamber and before they were put to death. The pharyngeal tissues of the executed pigs were pathologically examined. CT scanning revealed there was significant (P < 0.05) increase in mini pigs' posterior pharyngeal wall (8.8 +/- 1.1 vs 6.5 +/- 0.6) and lateral pharyngeal wall (8.1 +/- 0.2 vs 6.3 +/- 0.6) on the 13th day as compared with that before they were put in chamber, and there was also significant (P < 0.05) increase (9.2 +/- 1.2 vs 6.3 +/- 0.7; 8.9 +/- 0.7 vs 6.4 +/- 0.5) on the 23rd day. There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in diameter from left to right at the hyoid bone level (7.6 +/- 1.4 vs 9.7 +/- 1.4) and in the anteroposterior diameter at the soft palace level (3.8+/-1.1 vs 6.5 +/- 1.3) on the 13th day as compared with that before the mini pigs were put in chamber, and there was also sinificant (P < 0.05) reduction (6.4 +/- 1.6 vs 9.3 +/- 1.5; 4.3 +/- 0.9 vs 5.9 +/- 0.8) on the 23rd day. There was significant reduction (P < 0.05) in anteroposterior diameter on the posterior area of hyoid bone (3.7 +/- 0.9 vs 6.4 +/- 0.6) on the 23rd day. A significant change (P < 0.05) was observed in respiratory pressure of pharynx oralis on the 23rd day (0.0755 Mv) when compared with that before the first day (0.0658 Mv) in chamber and no significant change was seen on the 13th day. The saturation of blood oxygen decreased from 96.3% to 87.0% on the 13th day (P < 0.05) and further descended to 88.5% on the 23rd day (P < 0.05), compared with that before the first day in chamber. Pathological examination showed. In Group A, the mucosa of pharynx is covered by nonkeratinized-stratified squamous epithelium, and the layer of submucosa is thin; the muscular layer has clear striations and less fat cells among muscular fibers. In Group B, the pharyngeal epithelium is cornified and proliferated. Edema and proliferation of connective tissue occur in submucosa, and the muscular layer is thick with unclear striations; local infiltration of fat cells can be observed among muscular fibers. The pathological changes were more serious in Group C than in Group B. The results suggest that the method of intermittent altitude hypoxia could make the pharyngeal tissue of mini pig remodel and change its muscular biomechanical properties into those similar to the performance of OSAS in human. Living in altitude hypoxia for 22 days, the mini pigs became ill with OSAS, thus the expected animal model has been established in this study and could be used in further researches on OSAS in patients.