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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, and quality of life of COPD patients can be severely impaired with increasing severity of disease. As a kind of exercise in Traditional medicine, Baduanjin Qigong is an aerobic exercise which is suitable for elderly patients. It can improve the cardiopulmonary function of patients and is conducive to the rehabilitation of COPD. This article summarized the effective intervention of Baduanjin Qigong exercise therapy on elderly patients with COPD in stable stage, and provided reference for modify the exercise prescription for elderly patients with CODP. (慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是临床老年患者常见呼吸系统疾病, 严重影响老年患者的生活质量。八段锦动作柔和缓慢, 属于有氧运动, 且不受场地限制, 适用于老年患者, 可改善其心肺功能, 有利于COPD的康复。本研究从老年COPD稳定期患者开展八段锦运动锻炼的效果、作用机制及运动方案进行综述, 以期为老年COPD患者运动处方的修订提供参考。)

In order to obtain efficient engineered strains for oil production, the desaturase gene from Bacillus subtilis HB1310, an endophytic bacterium isolated from walnut, was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the single-gene-expression strains BL21(DE3)/pET-de1 and BL21(DE3)/pET-de2 and the co-expression strain BL21(DE3)/pET-de were constructed. The results showed that the desaturase gene was highly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), and the desaturase activities of the three engineered strains were higher than that of the wild-type strain after induction for up to 60 h, and they reached their maximum after 24 h, which were enhanced by 1.38, 1.48 and 1.75 times compared with that of the wild-type strain at the same time point, respectively. The overexpression of exogenous desaturase gene led to changes in oil yield and fatty acid components in E. coli. The oil yields of the engineered strains were significantly improved compared with that of the wild-type strain, and reached 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72 g/L after 24 h, respectively. The contents of saturated fatty acids were increased by 72.26%, 66.93% and 123.21%, respectively, and unsaturated fatty acids by 112.18%, 44.18% and 134.30%, respectively in the engineered strains compared with the wild-type strain. This study provides a valuable strain source for the development and application of engineered bacteria for oil production.

The intestinal flora of the human body is closely related to health. Gut microbiota dysbiosis will lead to intestinal dysfunction and, consequently, a variety of intestinal diseases. In this study, subjects with different diseases were requested to take one of three microecological agents, stachyose, composite probiotics (CPb) and synbiotic MF-13. An Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencing platform was used to analyze the structure of intestinal microflora and the contents of cholesterol and bile acid in the feces of the subjects were measured. Our aim was to investigate the regulatory effect of intervention with microecological agents on the intestinal microflora structure and lipid metabolism. The results showed that 1 067 operational taxonomic units (OUT) were obtained from the fecal microbial samples from all subjects. The dominant bacteria were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, altogether accounting for 91.65%, and Bacteroidetes accounting for about 70.10% of the total number of sequences. Bacteroides and Prevotella were the dominant genera, accounting for 33.1% and 33.8% of the total sequences, respectively. At the phylum level, stachyose promoted the proliferation of Bacteroidetes, but inhibited the proliferation of Firmicutes. CPb had no significant effect on the abundance of each phylum, while MF-13 promoted the proliferation of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Stachyose significantly decreased the abundance of Sutterella in subjects with constipation and insomnia, CPb significantly decreased the abundance of Sutterella in subjects with diarrhea, and MF-13 increased the abundance of Parabacteroides. The analysis of intestinal microflora diversity showed that Chao1 index significantly increased during the early period of MF-13 intervention, while there were no significant changes in other diversity indexes. Cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that microecological preparation intervention changed the intestinal microbiota structure in most of the samples, and the microflora structure of all populations showed an overlapping tendency. The intestinal microflora species that significantly differed between individuals were analyzed using Metastat statistics, and it was found that there was no significant change in the abundance of OTUs before and after intervention with each microecological agent, while there was a significant difference between individual subjects. MF-13 significantly promoted the fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids (P < 0.05). In conclusion, stachyose has an obvious influence on the intestinal microflora structure of volunteers, while CPb and MF-13 do not. However, MF-13 can increase the intestinal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid, which is beneficial to the metabolism of intestinal cholesterol, but the durability of this effect is poor.

In order to improve the ability of solid zein particles to stabilize Pickering emulsions, octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified starch was used to modify zein. Zein-OSA starch composite particles were prepared by solvent-antisolvent precipitation method. The interaction between zein and OSA starch and the size and structure of the composite particles were studied, and the effects of the mass ratio of zein to OSA starch on the particle size distribution, storage stability, pH stability and rheological properties of Pickering emulsion stabilized with the composite particles were explored. The results showed that OSA starch could modify zein through non-covalent interactions including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, changing the secondary structure of zein and improving its hydrophilicity. The composite particles with zein to OSA starch ratio of 1:3 had the smallest average particle size (163.3 nm) and PDI (0.177), and its contact angle was 87.4°, which indicated that the particles had nearly neutral wettability and were more suitable for stabilizing Pickering emulsions. Meanwhile, Pickering emulsions stabilized by the composite particles had the smallest particle size distribution and the highest storage modulus, loss modulus and apparent viscosity, indicating that OSA starch modification could regulate the interfacial properties of zein composite particles and consequently of Pickering emulsions. The above studies show that the interfacial modification of zein can improve the stability of its solid particles and consequently of Pickering emulsions. This study provides theoretical support for further expanding the comprehensive utilization of zein in emulsion systems.

Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing outpatient clinic is an advanced nursing practice model characterized by the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) culture. Adhering to the principles of holistic view of TCM and nursing by syndrome differentiation, it aims to meet diversified health needs of patients by providing TCM nursing techniques, and plays a unique role in disease prevention and healthcare. It is a continuation of high-quality nursing and embodiment of patient-centered nursing service. The establishment of TCM nursing outpatient clinic is helpful to promote the psychical and mental health of patients, maintain harmonious nurse-patient relationship, promote the specialization and precision in nursing and better meet the health needs of population. This paper summarized the establishment and practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing outpatient clinic, and provided reference for future improvement of TCM nursing outpatient clinic. (中医护理门诊是一种具有中医药文化特色的高级护理实践模式, 以中医整体观和辨证施护为原则, 运用中医特色护理技术, 满足患者多元化的健康需求, 在疾病预防保健中发挥了独特的优势。中医特色护理门诊的开展是优质护理内涵的延续, 体现了以患者为中心的服务理念, 有利于促进患者身心健康, 有利于建立和谐的护患关系, 有利于促使护理学科向专业化、精细化发展, 能够更加满足人民群众的健康需求。本文归纳总结了科室中医护理门诊构建方案及实施经验, 为今后更佳完善中医护理门诊体系提供参考。)

ObjectiveTo further understand the factors that promote thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia （ET） that were not included in IPSET-thrombosis （International Prognostic Score of Thrombosis for ET）. MethodsA systematic evaluation was conducted on 292 studies by retrieving PubMed，Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. The incidence and relative risk ratio （RR） of thrombosis in ET patients with different risk factors were calculated. The confidence levels for the outcome were analyzed in combination with RR values and recommendation scores (RS) to find the thrombotic risk factors in ET patients. ResultsOut of 9 risk factors that promoted ET thrombosis, there were 4 factors in IPSET-thrombosis, including history of thrombosis （35.0%, RR=3.30, 95% CI : 2.30-4.75）, JAK2V617F positive （21.0%, RR=2.28, 95%CI : 1.14-4.56）, age over 60 years old （ 22.4% , RR=1.95, 95%CI : 1.17-3.23） and cardiovascular risk factors （17.7%, RR =1.90, 95%CI : 1.08-3.35）. The remaining five risk factors, not listed in IPSET-thrombosis, included monoclonal type of ET based on X-chromosome inactivation pattern （XCIP, 30.6%, RR=4.49, 95% CI: 1.58-12.77）, high JAK2V617F burden （33.9%, RR=3.69, 95%CI: 1.70-7.99）, leukocytosis （18.7%, RR=3.05, 95%CI: 1.81-5.13）, MPL mutation （22.1%, RR=2.40, 95%CI: 1.08-5.33） and splenomegaly （25.6%, RR=1.76, 95%CI：1.29-2.40）. ConclusionAmong the risk factors promoting thrombosis in ET patients, five thrombotic risk factors not included in the IPSET-thrombosis have been identified.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing clinic is an advanced nursing practice with Chinese characteristics. It takes the overall view of TCM and the principle, uses the characteristics of TCM nursing technology to meet the diversified health needs of patients, and plays a unique advantage in disease prevention and health care. TCM nursing clinic is able to improve patient satisfaction, broaden the scope of nursing services and enhance the professional level nursing. However, in the process of its development, there are also bottlenecks such as prescription right, inability to follow, and weak discipline development. The construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Inheritance Studio is effective to drive the development of disciplines, develop the inheritance of TCM nursing, and realize mutual promotion and mutual development. (中医护理门诊是一种具有中国特色的高级护理实践模式, 其以中医的整体观和辨证施护为原则, 运用中医特色护理技术, 满足患者多元化的健康需求, 在疾病预防保健中发挥着独特优势。中医护理门诊能够提升患者满意度, 拓宽护理工作服务范围, 提升护理专业化水平。但是其发展过程中也有处方权、无法可依、学科发展薄弱等瓶颈, 中医护理传承工作室的建设, 可以有效带动学科发展, 发成中医护理传承, 实现相互促进相互发展。)

为了探究细菌异质性乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β亚基生物活性及其对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶酶活影响，以高产油核桃内生细菌B. subtilis HB1310基因组DNA为模板，利用PCR技术扩增其乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶β亚基（β-CT）基因（acb基因），构建pET-28a-acb载体并在E. coli BL21中表达，进一步对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶acb基因的诱导表达条件进行了优化。结果表明：乙酰辅酶A羧化酶acb基因在E. coli BL21中实现了表达，分子质量在25~35 kDa之间；重组蛋白最佳诱导表达条件为诱导剂异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）浓度1.0 mmol/L、诱导时间6 h、诱导初始pH 8.0，在此条件下工程菌的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性可达（4.11±0.03） U/mL，较野生菌提高39.7%。综上，乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β-CT为具有较好生物活性的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶亚基。 To explore the biological activity of the bacterial heterogeneous acetyl-CoA carboxylase β subunit and its influence on the acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit beta(β-CT) gene(acb gene) was amplified by PCR technology using the genomic DNA of a high oil-producing walnut endophyte B. subtilis HB1310 as template, the expression vector pET-28a-acb was constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21, and the induced expression conditions of this acb gene were further optimized. The results showed that the acetyl-CoA carboxylase acb gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 with a molecular weight of 25-35 kDa. Moreover, the optimal induced expression conditions were determined as follows: isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration 1.0 mmol/L, induction time 6 h, and induction initial pH 8.0. Under the optimal conditions, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity of the engineering bacteria reached (4.11±0.03) U/mL, which was 39.7% higher than that of the wild bacteria. In conclusion, acetyl-CoA carboxylase β-CT is an acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit with good biological activity.

The occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） induced by chronic infection of hepatitis B virus （HBV） is a typical process of Cancer Evolution-development. Viral replication， viral mutation， and viral integration are three major mechanisms by which HBV promotes evolution of HCC. The replication of HBV induces and maintains chronic inflammatory microenvironment， that induces the generation of somatic mutation and viral mutation and provides selective pressure. HBV mutation helps cells to get stem-ness characteristics by activating key signaling pathways. HBV integration activates oncogenes， participates in the mechanism underlying the male predilection of HCC， and promotes the maintenance of chronic infection. Biomarkers related with HBV are effective predictive and prognostic markers of HCC. Anti-viral treatment significantly reduces the risk of HCC occurrence. High risk HBV mutations can be applied for predicting the effect of anti-viral treatment on improving HCC survival. Continuing to exploring mechanisms of HBV induced hepatocarcinogenesis can improve the specific prophylaxis of HCC by providing more effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai， China， and compare with the characteristics of the infection in Jilin Province of China during the same period in 2022 and Wuhan at the beginning of 2020.MethodsInformation of new locally-transmitted confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases， imported confirmed COVID-19 cases， local asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers and imported asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers in Shanghai from March 1 to April 18， 2022 was collected for descriptive analysis.ResultsFrom March 1 to April 18， 2022， a total of 397 933 locally-transmitted SARS-CoV-2 cases were reported in Shanghai. Of those， 27 613 were clinically confirmed cases and 21 were severe cases. Ten deaths were related to COVID-19. The pathogen is Omicron variant BA.2 of SARS-CoV-2. The number of the infected subjects increased rapidly after March 24 and lead to a disease outbreak. Severe and deceased cases had severe comorbidity and were mostly unvaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers accounted for 93.06%， which is significantly higher than that in Jilin Province during the same period （48.07%， P

In view of problem of difficult monitoring to mine mobile equipments, the paper proposed a wireless broadband transmission system for mine mobile equipments based on wired/wireless hybrid network platform. It gave architecture of the system, researched key technologies of theory of wireless signal transmission in mine complex tunnel, mobile equipments oriented wireless roaming switch and mine long distance multi-hop chain transmission, introduced core equipments of the system, including mine-used wireless switchboard, mine-used wireless relay equipment, mine-used wireless terminal and mine-used intelligent integrated access gateway. And it discussed application mode of the system in wireless video monitoring system of endless rope winch.

As we know, the plant endophytic fungi are some important biological resources' and up to now, a large part of the plant endophytes which came from a variety of plant organizations had not yet been recognized by the people, and on the basis of checking out relative technical literature reported in both at home and abroad, the great majority chemical constituents produced by the endophytes were found to possess certain biological activity. This thesis was the further search for new active natural products from pteridophyte serrate endophytes. H. serrate (Thunb.) Trev. was collected from Xichou County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province. A endophytic fungus was isolated and purified from the stem of H. serrate. After extracting total DNA of this strain, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PGR), then the amplified product was sequenced. Fragment sequencing results were compared to the GenBank sequence database, and eventually, this strain was identified as Neofusicoccum and was named as Neofusicoccum sp. F483. In this study, we adopted the following three methods: (1) The endophytic fungus Neofusicoccum sp. F483 was fermented with solid medium, and then, fungi with medium were extracted with mixed organic solvent, and the secondary metabolites were obtained; (2) The chemical composition of the fermented metabolites were isolated by column chromatography methods including normal-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase semi-preparative HPLG; (3) The isolated chemical components were identified by their physical and chemical properties, and a combination of spectroscopic techniques including electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI- MS) and one-dimentional nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C- NMR) spectroscopic analysis. The results were as follows: eight compounds were separated and identified from fusicoccum sp. F483, and their structures were elucidated by analyzing their spectral data and comparing with the relevant reported literature. They were identified as follows: fusaproliferin (1), 5α, 8α-epidiory-(22E, 24R) ergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (2), ergo sterol (3), 1- (f uran-2-yl) -2-hydroxyethanone (4), cerebroside C (5), adenosine (6), versicolactone B (7) and versicolactone A (8). It will lay a foundation for further mining the valuable natural products from plant endophytes, and will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the new medicinal plant endophytes resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the background of the used books market in universities, and based on two cases, one of which caters for an existing secondary market and the other not, this paper investigates the effect of the secondary market on the strategies of the supply chain members. By examining a two-period supply chain consisting of a monopolistic manufacturer and a retailer, the optimal results are obtained. Meanwhile, by comparing the maximum profits of the manufacturer and the retailer under these two cases, some results found that, when the recovery cost of used products is lower, the secondary market operated by the retailer is beneficial for both the manufacturer and the retailer; in contrast, when the recovery cost of used products is higher, it is not beneficial for the manufacturer, but benefits the retailer. Finally, through numerical simulation, the paper analyzes the degree to which, firstly, the consumers' acceptance of the value of used products, and secondly, the recovery rate of used products, affects the strategies of the supply chain members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of coupling double-gap cavities, a new multi-cavity filter with two-layer coaxial cavity cross-coupling is proposed in this paper. It utilizes the coupling coefficient analyzed by couple-filter software and the 3D simulation software HFSS procedures of modeling, simulation and optimization to realize the integral design of the two-layer coaxial cavity band-pass filter. Simulation results show that the performance of band width, out-band suppression and insertion loss of a two-layer filter with 4 cavities have the advantages of that of a single layer filter with 4 cavities. Such new filters with merits of wide frequency band width, satisfactory out-band suppression, compact structure and various shapes would better meet the requirements of microwave communication systems such as radar or mobile communication station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of Yangxueqingnao granules on c - Fos protein expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of nitroglycerin-induced migraine rats. Methods A total of 108 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, high-dose treatment group, low-dose treatment group, high-dose prevention and low-dose prevention group, and then each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups: 30, 60 and 180 min group. The experimental migraine rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin. The rats of normal control group were subcutaneously injected with saline solution of the same dosage. The rats of high- and low-dose treatment group were respectively administered with gastric perfusion of high- and low-dose Yangxueqingnao granules once 10 min after the modeling. The rats of high - and low - dose prevention group were respectively administered with gastric perfusion of high - and low - dose Yangxueqingnao granules for 7 d before the modeling. The rats were sacrificed and the brain tissues were collected at corresponding time points. Related behavior indexes of rats in each group were observed and recorded. TNC c-Fos protein expression changes were measured and compared among different groups. Results At all time points, the c - Fos expression level of model group had no statistical difference from high- and low-dose treatment group (P > 0.05, for all). However, it was higher than that in high-dose prevention group (P = 0.031, 0.000, 0.000), while was only lower than that in low-dose prevention group at 60 and 180 min after modeling (P = 0.000, for all). There was statistical difference between high- and low-dose prevention group only at 30 min after modeling (P = 0.029). Conclusions The Yangxueqingnao granules can significantly decrease TNC c-Fos protein expression, which suggests that the preventive effect of Yangxueqingnao granules may be greater than the therapeutical effect on migraine. Its preventive effect may be associated with the decrease of TNC c-Fos protein expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The xylem sap flows of two pioneer tree species, i. e. , Acacia mangium and Schima superba, in degraded hill lands of South China, were continually monitored with Granier's thermal dissipation probes during 2004-2007 and 2008-2012, respectively, and their seasonal transpiration changes at different tree age levels were compared. The results showed that the annual transpiration of both species increased with tree ages, and S. superba demonstrated a higher value than A. mangium. The average annual whole-tree transpiration of S. superba (7014. 76 kg) was higher than that of A. mangium (3704. 97 kg). A. mangium (511. 46-1802. 17 kg) had greater seasonal variation than S. superba (1346. 48-2349. 35 kg). The standard regression coefficients (β) of transpiration (Eh), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) for both species increased with soil moisture, suggesting the increase of soil moisture generated a greater sensitivity of plants to environmental factors. Partial correlation analysis revealed that soil moisture played an important role in the seasonal variation of transpiration of both species. The optimum soil moistures of S. superba and A. mangium were 0. 22-0. 40 and 0. 29-0. 30 (V/ V), respectively, indicating the native pioneer species S. superba better adapted to water deficit compared with exotic pioneer species A. mangium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of velocity model on the deviation of shock bump earthquake location, three dimensional propagation model of mine quake waves in the layered inhomogeneous media was built based on Huygens principle. Through blasting vibration tests, monitoring was made by microseismic system of mine. The three-dimensional wave equation was built for seismic waves forward, and propagation velocity's calculation formula on the dielectric interface was also given, on which the classical linear positioning method was reasonably improved so that the linear positioning method based on uniform medium suits for inhomogeneous medium. The actual calculation for shock bump can be made through the application of deduction results to mine microseismic monitoring and positioning system. The results show that velocity model greatly affects positioning. By using 3D propagation model in the shock bump positioning, location accuracy is effectively improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data from drilling, core samples, etc., taking the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales as study target area, authors investigated the accumulation conditions of marine shale gas from the Lower Paleozoic in the south region of Sichuan Basin. The results indicate that the Qiongzhusi Formation and the Longmaxi Formation black shales in this region are mainly formed in shelf sedimentary facies. The study region features great organic-rich shale thickness, high organic abundance (average TOC >2%), Type I and II organic matter, high-over thermal evolution level, rich in brittle mineral, abundant in micro- and nanometer pores, and high gas content, which are in favor of the generation and enrichment of shale gas. Compared with the shales in North America, in which the shale gas has been explored and developed successfully, it is suggested that the Lower Paleozoic in the south region of Sichuan Basin has good accumulation conditions for shale gas. Therefore, the Qiongzhusi and Longmaxi Formations are considered as the practical targets for shale gas exploration, and their favourable areas of shale gas enrichment are also purposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GUO Pu in the Dynasty of Dong Jin, for being involved in the internal strife of the upper classes of society, was killed by the rebelling general WANG Dun. He sacrificed his life heroically for political struggle, but the ideologhcal power that supports him is not something like such Confucian political ideas or moral spirit as dying for a noble cause, but rather the religious belief and ideal of happy immortal to dispense the sufferings on earth. It is for that motivation that he conducted a series of absurd behaviors and took death calmly like going home. GUO's death is inevitable for the inte nal conflicts of the ruling classes in the East Jin Dynasty; it is also what he pursuits under his religious ideal. Therefore, GUO's case may shed light not only on a proper understanding of the religious nature of his death, and on GUO the person and the literature history in Wei and Jin eras, but on the Taoist and the cultural histories as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the atmospheric disturbance and the detector noise, lidar echo signal usually contains a lot of random noise. It is important to smooth the lidar signal before retrieving the atmospheric parameters. A iteration method base on half-step interpolation (HSI) is introduced in the paper. Using the raw data as the original signals, the proposed method could reconstruct the new data by repeating the HSI process until the similarity of adjacent iterated results being smaller than a setting criterion. One of the advantages of the new method is that the data segmentation processing could be omitted. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively improve the smoothness of the lidar echo and can save the important signal fluctuation adaptively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To illuminate the temporal variations in the structure and functional groups of the root-associated fungal community associated with Mongolian pine Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica plantations in the Mu Us Sandy Land, P. sylvestris var. mongholica plantations with different stand ages （23, 33, and 44 a） were targeted. The community compositions and main drivers of root-associated fungi at different months and stand ages were identified using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing method. The results indicated that： ① There was a distinct temporal distribution in the root-associated fungal community, the sampling month had a significant effect on the diversity of root-associated fungi （ P <0.05）, and the values were higher in May and July. The stand age had no significant effect on the diversity of root-associated fungi （ P &gt;0.05） and decreased gradually with increasing stand age. ② The dominant phylum of the root-associated fungal community was Ascomycota. The relative abundance of fungal function groups was different within each month and stand age, and the dominant groups were saprotroph-symbiotroph, undefined saprotroph, and ectomycorrhizal fungi. The indicator genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi in May, July, and September were Melanoleuca , Amphinema, and Tricholoma , respectively. ③ The temporal distribution of the root-associated fungal community was significantly affected by annual relative humidity, annual precipitation, soil porosity, ammonia nitrogen, annual sunshine duration, annual temperature, and soil water content （ P <0.05）. Soil organic carbon content, soil porosity, annual precipitation, and annual relative humidity were the main factors that significantly affected the indicator genus of the root-associated fungal community. Our results demonstrated that the temporal distribution of the root-associated fungal community was shaped by climate and soil properties, whereas stand age contributed less. This improved information will provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of P. sylvestris var mongholica plantations.

In this experiment, the PK/PD fitting model of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was established in the form of acupoint combined with external application gel paste. Firstly, the rheumatoid arthritis model was induced by ovalbumin, and the articular fluid of rabbits was extracted by microdialysis. The pharmacokinetic process of Chuanxiong in rabbit articular fluid was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic model was established. The pharmacodynamic effects of Chuanxiong on inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The pharmacodynamic model was established, and the PK/PD model was obtained by fitting the data of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The results of pharmacokinetics showed that the concentration of ligustrolide A in the articular cavity by drug administration on classical acupoint Zusanli(ST 36) was higher than that by Yanglingquan(GB 34), which reflected the advantage of typical acupoint, while ligustrazine concentration was higher after administration through Yanglingquan than through Zusanli, which was different from the traditional acupoint theory. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that the drug had lag effect. The PK/PD model was constructed by fitting the data. When IL-1β was taken as the efficacy index, the PK/PD models of Chuanxiong in typical acupoint Zusanli group, atypical acupoint Yanglingquan group, and non-acupoint group were E=115.28C&#95;e/(3 316.72+C&#95;e), E=108.73C&#95;e/(2 993.47+C&#95;e), and E=101.34C&#95;e/(3 028.51+C&#95;e). When TNF-α was taken as the efficacy index, the PK/PD models of Chuanxiong in typical acupoint Zusanli group, atypical acupoint Yanglingquan group, and non-acupoint group were E=68.31C&#95;e/(3 285.16+C&#95;e), E=59.27C&#95;e/(2 919.86+C&#95;e), and E=53.61C&#95;e/(2 862.87+C&#95;e). When IL-6 was taken as the efficacy index, the PK/PD models of Chuanxiong in typical acupoint Zusanli group, atypical acupoint Yanglingquan group, and non-acupoint group were E=59.92C&#95;e/(3 461.17+C&#95;e), E=58.34C&#95;e/(2 723.51+C&#95;e), and E=49.17C&#95;e/(2 862.76+C&#95;e). The parameters showed that there were significant differences in E&#95;(max), EC&#95;(e50) and k&#95;(eo). The analysis of data found that the PK/PD fitting effect of Zusanli, a typical acupoint, was the best, which proved that it was still the best site for drug administration. To sum up, it shows that there may be bidirectional selectivity between drugs and acupoints.

A fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope(FELCM) was used to direct the injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles(Sin-SLN) into the joint, and the in vitro effectiveness of Sin-SLN in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was evaluated. Sin-SLN was prepared with the emulsion evaporation-low temperature curing method. The Sin-SLN prepared under the optimal conditions showed the encapsulation efficiency of 64.79%±3.12%, the drug loading of 3.84%±0.28%, the average particle size of(215.27±4.21) nm, and the Zeta potential of(-32.67±0.84) mV. Moreover, the Sin-SLN demonstrated good stability after sto-rage for 30 days. The rabbit model of RA was established by the subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Five groups were designed, including a control group, a model group, a Sin(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, a Sin-SLN(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and a dexamethasone(positive drug, 1.0 mg·kg~(-1), ig) group. The control group and the model group only received puncture treatment without drug injection. After drug administration, the local skin temperature and knee joint diameter were monitored every day. The knee joint diameter and the local skin temperature were lower in the drug administration groups than in the model group(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). FELCM recorded the morphological alterations of the cartilage of knee joint. The Sin-SLN group showed compact tissue structure and smooth surface of the cartilage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the serum le-vels of interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). The findings revealed that the Sin-SLN group had lower IL-1 and TNF-α levels than the model group(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes of the synovial tissue, which were significantly mitigated in the Sin-SLN group. The prepared Sin-SLN had uniform particle size and high stability. Through joint injection administration, a drug reservoir was formed. Sin-SLN effectively alleviate joint swelling and cartilage damage of rabbit, down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the epithelial proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration of the synovial tissue, demonstrating the efficacy in treating RA.

Prunus mume is an edible and medicinal material, and Mume Fructus is its processed product, which was first recorded in Shennong&apos;s Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing). It is an effective drug for stopping diarrhea with astringents and promoting fluid production to quiet ascaris. By consulting the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties, modern codes, and other rela-ted literature, this paper sorted out the medicinal evolution of Mume Fructus, examined the ancient efficacy of Mume Fructus and the main indications, and summarized the inclusion of Mume Fructus in national and provincial standards. It is recorded in the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties that Mume Fructus can be processed by various methods such as roasting, stir-frying or micro-frying, stir-frying with charcoal, single steaming, steaming with wine, and steaming after soaking in wine or vinegar, and prepared into pills, powders, and ointments, which are used in the treatment of fatigue, diabetes, malaria, dysentery, ascariasis, and other diseases. Mume Fructus has been included in nine editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and 19 provincial and municipal preparation specifications. The processing method of Mume Fructus is determined, namely, clean P. mume should be softened by moistening in water or steaming and pitted. By reviewing the effects of processing on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and its modern clinical application, this paper identified the following issues. The ancient application methods of Mume Fructus are diverse but less commonly used in modern times, there is a lack of standardized research on the processing, and the research on the changes caused by the difference in Mume Fructus before and after processing is not deep. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the change pattern of its chemical composition before and after processing and its correlation between its medicinal activity to standardize the processing technology and provide a solid basis for the use of Mume Fructus in parts and its quality control.

To explore the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on soil microbial diversity and community structure in the drylands of an agro-pastoral ecotone, a long-term fertilization experiment at the Inner Mongolia cultivated land conservation science observation and experiment station, Ministry of Agriculture, and rural areas was taken as the research object. Four treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), single nitrogen fertilizer (NF), single chemical fertilizer (CF), and the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (CFM), were selected for the collection of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil at potato maturity 16 years after the experiment (2019). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to assess the soil bacterial and fungal communities to explore the effects of different fertilization measures on soil quality from the perspective of microorganisms, and the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to reveal the key environmental driving factors of soil microbial community alternation and crop yield improvement in dryland during fertilization mode transformation. The results showed that:① the CF and CFM treatments significantly improved soil fertility, but the effect of the latter was significantly better than that of the former. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the CFM treatment increased by 131.9%-174.7%, 216.9%-283.3%, and 103.3%-109.3%, respectively, and organic matter and total nitrogen content also increased significantly. The CF treatment still maintained a high soil pH, whereas the NF treatment significantly decreased soil pH and had little effect in improving soil fertility. ② Compared with that under CK, the NF treatment significantly reduced the soil bacterial Chao1 and Shannon index, and the CFM treatment significantly increased the soil bacterial species richness, Chao1 index, and soil fungal Shannon index, whereas soil bacterial and fungal diversity in the CF treatment did not reach a significant difference level with CK. ③ The soil microbial community composition at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm was similar. The CFM treatment increased the relative abundance of soil beneficial bacteria and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes increased. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were decreased, whereas the NF and CF treatments showed the opposite trend. ④ PLS-PM analysis showed that with the gradual change in fertilization mode from CK→NF→CF→CFM, the driving factors affecting microbial community succession and yield increase were also changed from soil pH→soil NPK content→soil pH, SOM, and NPK content. In general, long-term fertilization had significant effects on soil chemical properties and microbial communities in drylands in the agro-pastoral ecotone. As the optimal fertilization choice, CFM was significantly better than NF and CF in improving soil fertility and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The number of pathogens in long-term non-fertilization and unbalanced fertilization soil was significantly increased, and the risk of crop infection to indigenous diseases was increased. The research results can provide scientific reference for farmland nutrient balance management and soil microenvironment improvement of the agricultural ecosystem in the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China.

To illuminate the ecological functions of root-associated fungi (RAF) and their interactions with host plants, we revealed the root-associated fungal diversity and community compositions of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica involving natural forests and plantations (half-mature, nearly mature, and mature forests) in the Hulunbuir Desert, Horqin Desert, and Mu Us Desert and investigated the environmental driving factors (climatic condition and soil property). The results indicated that: 1 the diversity of RAF in the natural forests was significantly lower than that in plantations ( P <0.05), and the values were highest in the Mu Us Desert. There was a distinct geographical distribution in the RAF community, but the influence of stand age was not significant ( P >0.05). 2 The relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (50.49%) in natural forests was higher than that in plantations, such as Acephala , Mycena , and Suillus . The indicator genera were diverse involving the natural forests ( Acephala ) and plantations in the Hulunbuir Desert ( Sarcodon ), Horqin Desert ( Russula and Calostoma ), and Mu Us Desert ( Geopora , Mallocybe , and Tomentella ). 3 The indicator genera were mainly affected by available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and stand age, and few indicator genera were related to soil water content, pH, and total nitrogen content. A total of 43.25% of the variation in the RAF community was accounted for by both geographic location and environmental factors. Overall, geographic location and environmental factors shaped the spatial variation in the RAF structure and function of P. sylvestris natural forests and plantations in the semi-arid and dry sub-humid desertified regions; there were no significant temporal variations in RAF across stand ages, but the nonuniformity in fungal distribution with stand ageing cannot be ignored. The large population of symbiotic fungi in natural forests was conducive to the healthy growth of hosts; the ratio of symbiotic, saprophytic, and pathotrophic fungi varied in different plantations, and the increase in the proportion of saprophytic and pathotrophic fungi may have negative effects on the growth and health of plantations. This improved information will provide a theoretical basis for the management of P. sylvestris plantations.

Engineering education is an important part of China's higher education. With the deepening of the connotation of new engineering talents training, it is timely to carry out the curriculum reform in all directions and improve the quality of engineering talents. In order to highlight the characteristics of fostering new engineering talents, specialized courses and practical courses are becoming the focus of curriculum teaching reform. However to this end, it is urgent to explore how to strengthen fostering talents with engineering characteristics in the professional foundation courses. Taking the biochemistry course as an example, problem-based learning teaching methods were employed, appropriate teaching cases were selected, scientific and technical problems based instructional designs were explored, and students were guided to condense, analyze and solve problems. This study aims to transform the learning attitude of students from "passive" to "active", enhance students' thinking skills, highlight the engineering application of science and technology, lay the foundation for continuous and even lifelong learning, and provide a reference for fostering talents under the new engineering background.

Objective: To study the effect of Yishen Tongluo Prescription (YTP) on the testis tissue of the male rats with oligoasthenospermia (OAS) and its action mechanism based on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway., Methods: We randomly divided 48 SPF male SD rats into 8 groups: normal control, OAS model control, L-carnitine (LC), high-dose YTP, low-dose YTP, Omipalisib inhibitor (OI), OI + high-dose YTP, and OI + low-dose YTP, with 6 rats in each group. We established a model of OAS in the latter 7 groups by intragastric administration of tripterygium wilfordii polyside, followed by intervention with corresponding drugs. After treatment, we obtained semen parameters from the rats, observed pathological changes in the testis tissue by HE staining, and determined the expressions of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins and mRNA by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)., Results: Sperm concentration and total sperm motility were significantly improved in the LC and YTP groups compared with those in the OAS model control group (P < 0.001). HE staining showed irregularly arranged spermatogenic cells and narrowed lumina and widened gaps of seminiferous tubules in the OAS model controls, as well as similar pathological changes in the LC, YTP and OI + YTP groups. Significant up-regulation was observed in the protein expressions of p-Akt, CatSper-1 and HSPA2 in the LC group (P < 0.05), those of p-Akt, mTOR, catsper-1 and HSP2 in the low-dose YTP group (P < 0.05) and that of PI3K in the high-dose YTP group (P < 0.05) compared with those in the model controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the expressions of PI3K, mTOR and catsper-1 between the OI and model control groups (P > 0.05), nor in those of PI3K, p-Akt, mTOR, CatSper-1 and HSPA2 between the OI + YTP and the former two groups (P > 0.05). The mRNA expressions of PI3K, mTOR, CatSper-1 and HSPA2 were remarkably higher in the LC and YTP groups than in the model control (P< 0.05), with those of catsper-1 and PI3K even more significantly up-regulated in the high-dose than in the low-dose YTP group (P< 0.001; P< 0.05). Statistically significant differences were not observed in the mRNA expressions of PI3K, mTOR, CatSper-1 and HSPA2 between the model control and OI groups (P > 0.05), nor in those of PI3K, mTOR, catsper-1 and HSPA2 between the model control and OI + YTP groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Yishen Tongluo Prescription can improve sperm quality and pathological changes of the testis tissue in rats with Tripterygium glycoside-induced OAS, which might be attributed to its ability of up-regulating the expressions of the PI3K Akt mTOR pathway-related proteins and mRNA in the testis tissue.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of femoral oval tunnel technique versus round tunnel technique in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction., Methods: Between March 2016 and February 2018, 125 patients who underwent anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon and met the inclusive criteria were included in the retrospective study. Of the included patients, 43 patients underwent ACL reconstruction using oval tunnel technique (group A) and 82 patients with round tunnel technique (group B). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, the interval between injury and operation, the injured side, the cause of injury, and preoperative Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner score, and the outcome of KT-1000 measurement ( P >0.05). At 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after operation, the knee function scores (Lysholm score, IKDC score, Tegner score) were recorded; and KT-1000 was used to evaluate the knee stability. The position and shape of the tunnels were evaluated by the three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) at 1 day after operation; and MRI was performed at 6, 12, and 24 months to calculate the signal/noise quotient (SNQ) of ACL grafts. Secondary arthroscopy was conducted to estimate the graft status, synovial coverage, and tension., Results: All patients were followed up 12-26 months (mean, 23 months). Two patients in group A and 5 patients in group B presented with redness and swelling of the surgical site, 1 patient in group B sustained a tibial tunnel fracture, and 1 patient in group A had postoperative stiffness. The Lysholm score, IKDC score, and Tegner score were significantly higher in group A than in group B at the different time points ( P <0.05) except for the Tegner score at 3 months. The outcomes of KT-1000 measurement were significantly lower in group A than in group B ( P <0.05). The entrances of the femoral tunnel and tibial tunnel in both groups were within the ACL anatomical footprint confirmed by 3D-CT. No re-rupture of ACL occurred confirmed by the MRI. There was no significant difference in SNQs of the middle and distal grafts between the two groups at 6 months ( P >0.05), whereas the SNQ of the proximal grafts in group A was significantly lower than that in group B ( P <0.05). The SNQs of the proximal, middle, and distal grafts in group A were significantly lower than those in group B at 12 and 24 months after operation ( P <0.05). Twenty-one patients in group A and 38 patients in group B underwent secondary arthroscopy and the results showed no significant difference in graft status, synovial coverage, and tension between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The effectiveness and graft maturity of the femoral oval tunnel technique were superior to the round tunnel technique. The single-bundle ACL reconstruction with femoral oval tunnel technique can obtain a better knee function.

To study the secondary metabolites and their cytotoxic activities of an endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. XZ-07cultivated on Camptotheca acuminata. Colum chromatography by RP-18, Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituent. Two new compounds were isolatedand identified as 5-((E)-1,4,5-trihydroxyhex-2-enyl)furan-2(5H)-one(1)and(5Z)-5-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexylidene)furan-2(5H)-one(2)by spectroscopic analysis. Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by MTT method. Compound 1 showed strong inhibitory activity against Human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela, and compound 2 showed strong inhibitory activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7, Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and Lewis lung carcinoma cells 3LL., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To study the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs2295080 and rs2536, in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene and the susceptibility to pediatric epilepsy., Methods: A case- control study was performed on 480 children with epilepsy (116 cases of refractory epilepsy) and 503 healthy children. SNP rs2295080 and rs2536 in the mTOR gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction and fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Genotype and allele frequencies of SNP rs2295080 and rs2536 were compared between the children with epilepsy and healthy controls., Results: There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of SNP rs2295080 between the children with epilepsy and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the genotype frequencies of SNP rs2536 between the two groups either, but the frequency of G allele of SNP rs2536 was higher in children with epilepsy than that in healthy controls (P=0.042, OR=1.344, 95%CI: 1.010-1.789)., Conclusions: SNP rs2536 of mTOR gene may be associated with the risk of pediatric epilepsy.

Objective: To study the clinical features and mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene among children with classical Rett syndrome in China., Methods: PCR and direct sequencing were employed to analyze the three exons of MECP2 gene in 9 children recently diagnosed with Rett syndrome and their parents., Results: Heterozygous mutations were identified in 5 out of 9 patients, with a mutation rate of over 50%; there was one case of insert mutation (c.913insT) and 4 cases of missense mutation (exon 3: c.316C>T (R106W); exon 4: c.502C>T (R168X), c.808C>T (R270X), and c.1126C>T (P376S). A new mutation (c.913insT) was found. No mutations were detected in their parents. Two patients had MECP2 mutations in the transcriptional repression domain (TRD). They had almost lost language functions and were found to have significantly delayed development compared with other patients., Conclusions: Mutations in MECP2 gene were detected in 5 confirmed cases of Rett syndrome, and most of them were on exon 4. Mutations in the TRD of MECP2 protein may affect the language ability and development in children with Rett syndrome.

Objective: To characterize genotypic resistance within HBV RT region in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment., Methods: Serum samples of 229 CHB patients with NA treatment were obtained. Full-length HBV RT sequences were amplified, sequenced and analyzed, on the following NA resistant (NAr) mutations belonging to different NAr pathways., Results: Among 229 HBV isolates, 14.41% (33/229) and 85.59% (196/229) were genotype B and C, respectively; and the patients with HBV genotype C may be more susceptible to develope resistant mutations than patients with HBV genotype B(chi2 = 2.95, P < 0.05). NAr mutations were detected in 63 CHB patients. Mutations were not found at rtI169, rtT184, rtA194 or rtS202. RtM204 mutations were detected at the highest frequency among 63 mutants (40/63, 63.49%) and found to display 11 combination mutation patterns, in which rtM204I were associated with rtL80I/V and rtL180M, and rtM204V were associated with rtL1l80M, respectively. Conclusions There are complicated mutation patterns in the HBV RT region for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment. RtM204V/I mutation was the highest.

Objective: To investigate the expression changes of tumor metastasis-related genes after overexpression of KAI1 in retinoblastoma Y79 cells., Methods: Experimental study. Y79 cells were transfected with a lentivirus vector containing KAI1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion gene, or a control lentivirus vector containing EGFP. Positive transfectants stably expressing high levels of KAI1 were named Y79-KAI1 and control transfectants were named Y79-KAI1/zero. These transfectants were selected by puromycin resistance and analysis with fluorescent microscopy. The expression of KAI1 mRNA and its protein among Y79, Y79-KAI1 and Y79-KAI1/zero were detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Differential expression of tumor metastasis-related genes in Y79-KAI1 and Y79-KAI1/zero was analyzed with human tumor metastasis PCR array. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of KAI1 mRNA and protein expression among the three groups., Results: The stably transfected cell lines of Y79-KAI1 and Y79-KAI1/zero were established. The result of fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR showed that the relative quantification of mRNA level of KAI1 gene in the three kinds of cells above was 183.67 ± 21.20, 1.42 ± 0.55, 1.00 ± 0.00, respectively. And the expression level of KAI1 mRNA in Y79-KAI1 cells was significantly higher than those in Y79-KAI1/zero and Y79 cells (F = 108.74, P = 0.000). The results of Western blot showed that the expression level of the KAI1 protein in Y79-KAI1 cells was significantly higher than those in Y79-KAI1/zero and Y79 cells (F = 34.36, P = 0.001). Immunofluorescent staining showed that Y79 and Y79-KAI1/zero cells had no detectable KAI1 expression, while Y79-KAI1 cells expressed KAI1 in the cytoplasm surrounding the nuclei. Among the 84 tumor metastasis-related genes examined, 7 genes were up-regulated more than 2 folds and 6 genes were down-regulated over 50%., Conclusion: Over-expression of KAI1 may result in differential expression of tumor metastasis-related genes in Y79 cells, which may be related to the inhibitory effect on the tumor metastasis of retinoblastoma.

A series of MnO(x)/nano-TiO2 catalysts were prepared and their application in degradation of beta-naphthol by catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) was investigated. The catalysts preparation conditions, reaction conditions and its stability were tested. The catalysts had been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) measurements. The results showed that the decrease of the COD removal for the degradation of beta-naphthol at high Mn loading was due to the aggregation of the highly dispersed Mn species and the formation of the correlated crystals. The decline of the COD removal at high calcination temperature was probably attributed to the weak electron transfer between Mn2O3 and MnO2 and the formation of the inactive Mn2O3. The COD removal had been falling slightly when the catalyst was used 6 times, and this was likely related to the decrease of the diffraction peaks. The catalyst had a high activity when the Mn loading (mass fraction) was 4% and the calcination temperature was 450 degrees C. The COD removal was up to 96.4% at 110 degrees C and 0.5 MPa with this catalyst. The COD removal of 92.4% could be obtained with the MnO(x)/nano-TiO2 catalyst was recycled 6 times. The Mn leaching at 50, 80, 110 and 150 degrees C were all less than 9.3 mg x L(-1) by means of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The probable degradation pathway was proposed according to some publications.

Pyrimidine derivatives have been the subject of much attention in pesticide and medicine fields owing to their unique biological properties. Particularly, a large number of these compounds have recently been reported to show substantial antitumor activities, and some of them have been investigated in clinical trials. Although these structurally novel compounds have a common chemical moiety of a pyrimidine ring, there are a variety of mechanisms of their antitumor action, such as, inhibition of cyclin-dependent-kinases, inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase, inhibition of carbonic anhydrases, inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and disruption of microtubule assembly. In this paper, we described the latest advances in the research of such pyrimidine derivatives as antitumor drug according to their action on targets.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect and apoptosis induction on human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cell by Fufangkushen., Methods: The experiment of Fufangkushen was designed into three groups including 25.00 µl/ml group, 6.25 µl/ml group and control group in vitro. The method of MTT was used to evaluate the growth inhibition effects. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in vitro. The morphological changes of cells were observed under inverted microscope. FACS was used to analyze the distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis. The expressions of Bcl-2, Fas and caspase-3 in EC9706 cells were detected by Western blotting. The clone formation in plate was used to test the capacity of cell clone formation. Nude mice experiments were conducted to investigate the tumor inhibition of Fufangkushen in vivo. The mice were divided into 3 groups of 200 µl/d treatment, 25 µl/d treatment and saline control. PCNA and Bcl-2 were detected by IHC. And the apoptotic index was detected by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) on xenograft of nude mice., Results: The proliferative capacities of 25.00 µl/ml group were lower than that of the control group at 48, 72, 96 h respectively (all P < 0.01). IHC showed the PCNA expressions, cell clone formation rate were both lower than that of control group (in 25.00 µl/ml treatment group both P < 0.05). Many apoptotic cells could be observed. And the apoptotic rate was higher in 25.00 µl/ml group than that in the control group ((25.2 ± 7.3)% vs (3.4 ± 1.5)%, P < 0.01). After a treatment of Fufangkushen, the activation of caspase-3 and the Fas were higher ((21.3 ± 4.4)% vs (1.8 ± 0.6)%, (30.2 ± 8.3)% vs (5.4 ± 1.6)%, both P < 0.01), the Bcl-2 were lower (P < 0.01) were observed in vitro. Comparing with the saline control group, the tumor weight in 200 µl/d treatment group were lower ((987 ± 386) vs (1935 ± 838) mg, P < 0.01) and the apoptotic index higher ((33.8 ± 8.7)% vs (5.3 ± 1.4)%, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Fufangkushen can inhibit the proliferation of EC9706 cells and induce the cellular apoptosis. The mechanism of apoptosis is probably associated with the arrest of cell cycle, the up-regulation of Fas, the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and the activation of caspase-3 in ESCC EC9706 cells.

Objective: To explore and study the relationships between the popularity of HFMD and the climate in Qinhuangdao city., Methods: HFMD cases were collected on a ten-day basis in 2009 in Qinhuangdao city. At the same time, the data about Qinhuangdao's ten-day average temperature and average humidity were provided by the Qinhuangdao Meteorological bureau. Then the collected data were analysed using the great data analysis function in the EXCELE software., Results: The results showed that the disease of HFMD had a positive relationship with seasons. The cases of HFMD began to rise at the last ten days of March and rised dramatically at the middle ten days of April; In July, the cases of HFMD arrived at peak and then decline gradually. The cases of HFMD in October were quite similar to the cases of HFMD in March. Then in November, the cases of HFMD declined rapidly. All these evidences suggested that the peak seasons of HFMD were Spring and Summer., Conclusion: The situations of HFMD had a significant positive relationship with the conditions of climate, such as high temperature and high humidity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative disease that affects prematurely born babies. Despite the progress in management and treatment obtained previously, ROP remains a major cause of childhood blindness in both developed and developing countries. The etiology and pathogenesis of ROP is still unclear despite the fact that some progresses have been obtained. Some factors, such as low birth-weight and short gestational age have been consistently shown to be associated with ROP. Recently, numerous studies indicated that ROP shows genetic susceptibility, which includes sex, ethnicity, gene polymorphisms and gene mutations. Genetic susceptibility will play an important role in the screening and treatment of advanced ROP in the future.

Objective: To synthesize cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs) inhibitors and assay their antitumor activities., Methods: A series of pyrimidines containing different arylamino and 1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin moieties were designed by combining the segments 1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin and pyrimidine heterocycles according to the super-position principle of the reinforcement of biological activities., Results: Their structures were characterized by MS and 1H NMR spectra and all the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity with MTT assay., Conclusion: The preliminary bioassay showed that compound 3 b displayed good antitumor activity (IC(50)=13.6 µmol/L). The preliminary structure activity relationship analysis of these analogues suggest that the steric factor may have important impact on the anti-tumor activity.

Objective: To observe the effect and explore the action mechanism of Danhong Injection (DHI) on serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Seventy ACS patients scheduled to receive PCI were assigned to two groups. Around PCI, the 34 patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy and the 36 in the DHI group treated with conventional therapy combined with DHI treatment given from the day of PCI to the 14th day after operation at the dose of 40 mL per day by dissolving in 250 mL of 5% glucose for venous dripping. Plasma levels of ET-1, sP-sel and hs-CRP were detected using ELISA at various time points: before PCI (T0), after PCI (T1), 24 h (T2) and 2 weeks (T3) after PCI. The outcomes were compared between the two groups, and compared with those obtained from 20 healthy persons set as the normal control., Results: All the three indices in the two patients' group at T0, T1 and T2 were higher than those in the normal control respectively (P < 0.01), while at T3, the indices in the DHI group were lower than the normal control (P > 0.05). Comparisons between the two patients' group showed that the indices were not different at TO, T1 and T2, but at T3, all were lower in the DHI group than in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Combined conventional therapy with DHI for 2 weeks can significantly reduce the plasma levels of ET-1, sP-sel and hs-CRP in ACS patients after PCI, suggesting that DHI has certain effects in protecting the endothelial function, inhibiting platelet activation and suppressing inflammatory reaction.

Objective: To study the clinical efficacy and safety of the Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops used in the patients of ametropic asthenopia., Methods: Multicenter clinical trial. Asthenopia patients were chosen from eleven hospitals cross China from July, 2008 to January, 2009. The experiment was conducted asthenopia patients who used the Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops for 4 weeks continuously. Symptoms of asthenopia, UCVA (uncorrected vision acuity), refraction, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, accommodative sensitivity and positive/negative relative accommodation were measured at different time points, such as treated before, 1 week and 4 week in treated after., Results: After the 4-week's use of Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops, each subjective symptom of the patients was decreased significantly (F=353.30, P<0.05). In addition, most of the objective exams of accommodation ability were significantly improved, such as UCVA (left eye: F=23.39, P<0.05; right eye: F=15.62, P<0.05), refraction (left eye: F=10.34, P<0.05; right eye: F=17.13, P<0.05), amplitude of accommodation (left eye: F=14.46, P<0.05; right eye: F=8.29, P<0.05; eyes: F=13.86, P<0.05), accommodative lag (F=14.89, P<0.05) and accommodative sensitivity (left eye: F=62.67, P<0.05; right eye: F=68.77, P<0.05; eyes: F=82.74, P<0.05). And no patient appeared any adverse reaction in whole experiment., Conclusions: Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops is effective and safety for use in the patients of ametropia asthenopia.

Objective: To determine the preoperative serum VEGF, IL-6, and CRP levels in colorectal carcinoma, and to explore their correlation with disease status and prognosis., Methods: Serum VEGF and IL-6 levels were assessed using ELISA, and CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetry. They were compared between the colorectal carcinoma group and the control group. The five-year survival rate and poor prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank method, respectively., Results: The serum VEGF, IL-6, and CRP levels in colorectal carcinoma were (591 ± 312) pg/ml, (13.2 ± 3.7) pg/ml, and (1.14 ± 0.87) mg/dl, respectively, higher than that in the control group. The two groups showed significant difference in VEGF and CRP (P < 0.001, P = 0.002). VEGF expression was higher in male than that in female [(638 ± 387) pg/ml vs. (552 ± 271) pg/ml, P = 0.042]. The cases with tumor size smaller than 5 cm had lower VEGF expression compared with that in cases with tumor size ≥ 5 cm [(538 ± 275) pg/ml vs. (647 ± 331) pg/ml, P = 0.009]. IL-6 expression showed significant difference in males (11.7 ± 3.2) and females (15.2 ± 4.0) pg/ml, (P = 0.011). The five-year survival rate in the group with VEGF < 591 pg/ml was 86.8% (33/38), higher than that in the ≥ 591 pg/m group. High VEGF level tended to reduce survival (χ(2) = 0.933, P = 0.344). VEGF ≥ 591 pg/ml was a factor of poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma, assessed by Log-rank methods (P < 0.05). Tumor size and VEGF concentration were risk factors of prognosis (P = 0.032, OR = 0.985; P = 0.011, OR = 0.976)., Conclusions: Serum VEGF and IL-6 expressions have gender differences. Serum VEGF can be used as a biomaker of clinical diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and has an important significance on the prognosis of patients.