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The new quality productivity forces of water conservancy are crucial for promoting high-quality development and building new production relationships, permeating all aspects and stages of water conservancy. In this study, the role that government policies and regulations played in the development of new quality productivity forces of water conservancy was discussed. By systematically reviewing national water conservancy policies and regulations, their significant impact on optimizing the water conservancy industry, fostering technological innovation, opening markets, and improving management systems was clarified. Furthermore, the main pathways were empirically elaborated for developing new quality productive forces in water conservancy, tailored to the specific conditions of the Qiandaohu. According to research results, national policies serve as a strategic leader in guiding the development of new quality productivity forces of water conservancy. The guidance of policies and regulations is an essential guarantee for the high-quality development of water conservancy. Under the guidance of policies and regulations, the synergistic efforts of government leadership and social participation propel innovation in ecological products, technologies, markets, and institutions. This thus forms an effective pathway for developing new quality productivity forces of water conservancy. Such an approach has shown practical efficacy in exploring green development models for ecological co-construction and co-protection. Meanwhile, it is also of significance in promoting the high-quality development of water conservancy.