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Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has become a prominent topic in contemporary academic research. Using CiteSpace, this study visualizes and analyzes 465 relevant articles from core journals on CNKI published between January 2014 and April 2024. The findings reveal a general upward trend in the volume of literature related to Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, with intermittent fluctuations and periods of rapid growth. Research activity in this field has been increasing, and the body of research has yielded significant outcomes. Collaboration among scholars is characterized by close-knit clusters within specific areas, with some dispersion and limited aggregation. Existing studies have comprehensively addressed the theoretical implications, distinctive features, practical significance, and potential pathways for implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. A research framework has emerged, led by Marxism and enriched by contributions from various disciplines. However, there is a need for deeper theoretical systematization, greater innovation in content, and more emphasis on practical applications. Future research should focus on refining the theoretical framework, enhancing the research content and discourse system, and prioritizing practical application through targeted, solution-oriented studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For solving a system of linear equations of Ax = b ,A into A = M - N is often splited ,where M is non- singular. It is known that x(k+1) = M-1Nx(k) + M-1b (k = 0,1,2,…) converges to the solution x =A-1b for each x(0) if and only if spectral radius p ( M-1N) < 1 ,the matrix M-1N is called an iterative matrix. It is easy to see estimates for bounds for p ( M-1N ) are of interest. Some iteration methods for solving linear system are studied ,when coefficient matrix is doubly α-diagonal strictly dominance, and a convergence theorem and some corollaries are given. Obtained results are applicable for doubly α-diagonal strictly dominance matrix, and for generalized diagonal strictly dominance matrix also. The results not only is that problem of estimates of upper bounds of the spectral radius for some iteration matrices is solved but also convenient for apply. Finally, two numerical examples are given for illustrating advantage of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bird strike accidents mainly occur in the airport area. Reducing bird activities through bird repeller equipment is one of the main measures to prevent bird strike. In this study, two bird species with high-risk, pigeon ( Columba livia domestica ) and kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ), were selected as the subjects and the gas gun and directional acoustic bird repeller were selected as the evaluation objects in Shenyang Taoxian International Airport. This study aimed to examine the behavioral responses of birds at different distances during the normal operation of these equipment to explore their effective distance and effects. The results showed that the vigilant and escape behaviors of pigeons and kestrels at 10 m and 30 m away from the gas gun bird repeller which were significantly higher than those of the control, while the number of these behaviors at 50 m away was not significantly different from that of the control. Pigeons and kestrels at 50 m and 100 m away from the directional acoustic bird repeller could significantly increase their vigilant and escape behaviors, whereas the repeller could significantly cause kestrels to increase their vigilant behavior at 300 m away. We concluded that the effective bird expel distance of the gas gun was 30 m, and the directional acoustic bird repeller could effectively expel to 300 m, and that the effect of the directional acoustic bird repeller on birds was stronger than the gas gun. Our results could provide a reference for the introduction and rational use of bird expel equipment in the airports.

Objective: To investigate the effect of premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) on neonatal complications in premature infants., Methods: The registration information of 7684 preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Specially trained personnel from each cooperative units filled in the unified form in a standardized format to record the gender, gestational age, birth weight, PROM, placental abruption, antenatal corticosteroid, Apgar score, amniotic fluid pollution, and complications of the infants. The data were analyzed comparatively between the cases with PROM and those without (control)., Results: The preterm mortality rate was significantly lower but the incidences of ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly higher in PROM group than in the control group (P<0.05). The 95% confidence interval of the OR value was <1 for mortality, and was >1 for ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, placental abruption, placenta previa, prenatal hormones, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational period hypertension and 5-min Apgar score <7, the incidences of NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05) with 95% confidence interval of OR value >1, but the mortality rate and incidence of ICH were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusion: PROM is a risk factor for NEC, ROP and BPD in preterm infants, and adequate intervention of PROM can reduce the incidences of such complications as NEC, ROP and BPD in the infants.

This study was purposed to investigate the relationship between sequential changes of bone mineral density and bone marrow hematopoiesis in ovariectomized rats, and explore the correlation between the osteoporosis and the hematopoiesis. Fifty female Sprege-Dawley rats aged 3 months were randomly divided into ovariectomized (OVX) and sham operated (Sham) groups, euthanized after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks respectively. The bone mineral density (BMD) of left femur was measured. The right femur distal metaphysical cancellous bone was fixed in 10% formalin to observe the changes of the bone marrow pathology. The function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) was evaluated by colony forming assay. The level of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the BMD of femur in OVX 4 week group not decreased significantly as compared with the Sham 4 group, but the volume of adipose tissue significantly increased. The BMD of femur in OVX 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks decreased significantly as compared with the corresponding Sham groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the volume of hematopoietic tissue decreased and volume of adipose tissue increased, the megakaryocyte number decreased, the number of osteoclasts and mast cells increased in bone marrow section, as compared with sham operated group (P < 0.05). After rats were ovariectomized for 16 weeks, the GM-CSF level was significantly lower than that of Sham group. After rats were ovariectomized for 12 weeks, the GM-CSF level was obviously lower than that of Sham group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the bone marrow hematopoiesis function also decreases when the BMD of ovariectomized rats reduces. The Sprege-Dawley OVX rats aged 3 months can be used as an model to study the hypohemopoiesis.

Objective: To tentatively establish a diagnosis and treatment mode for effectively controlling the progress of cerebral microlesions (CM) and preventing the incidence of cerebral infarction (CI) by comparing different intervention modes for treating CM., Methods: Using a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial, 408 subjects with multiple CM were assigned to the Chinese medical pharmacy intervention group (Group A, 100 case), the aspirin intervention group (Group B, 104 cases), the negative control group (Group C, 100 cases), and the non-intervention group (Group D, 104 cases). No intervention was given to those in Group D. Patients in the other 3 groups were intervened by life style and routine therapies of vasculogenic risk factors. Those in Group A took Guizhi Fuling Pill (GFP) and earthworm powder additionally. Those in Group B took aspirin additionally. They were routinely followed-up. The CM, the changes of vasculogenic risk factors, and the incidence rate of CI were compared among the 4 groups., Results: The total effective rate of CM was 66.67% in Group A, obviously higher than that of Group B (52.32%), Group C (42.86%), and Group D (37.04%), respectively. It was obviously higher in Group B than in Group D, showing statistical difference (P <0.01, P <0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of LDL-C, TC, and TG were obviously lower in Group A than in Group B (P <0.05); the serum levels of LDL-C and TC were obviously lower in Group A than in Group C (P <0.01); the systolic pressure was obviously lower in Group A than in Group D (P <0.05). The systolic pressure and the serum TC level were obviously lower in Group C than in Group D (P <0.05). The incidence rate of CI was 2.17% (2/92 cases) in Group A, obviously lower than that of Group C (11.36% ,10/88 cases) and Group D (14.44%, 13/90 cases), showing statistical difference (P <0.05). But there was no statistical difference between Group A and Group B (6.74% ,6/89 cases) (P >0.05)., Conclusions: GFP combined earthworm powder could treat CM, control vasculogenic risk factors, and finally prevent the incidence of CI. Standard Chinese medical intervention mode showed the optimal effects in treating CM and preventing the incidence of CI, and perhaps it could be spread clinically.

Objective: A phase II study was conducted to test the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of cisplatin, 5-Fu and nimotuzumab, as induction treatment of resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)., Methods: Forty cases of resectable HNSCC were treated with nimotuzumab (400 mg on day 1) combined with PF regimens (cisplatin 75 mg/m² on days 1 and 5-Fu 750 mg/m² on days 1-5 q3wks). After 2 cycles, an organ-preservation local therapy (surgery or radiotherapy) was recommended. The primary endpoints of this study were overall response rate, pathologic complete response and safety of the induction treatment. Mean age of 40 patients was 54 years old, of them 9 patients with oropharyngeal cancer (22.5%), 16 hypopharyngeal cancer (40.0%), 10 laryngeal cancer (25.0%), and 5 oral cancer (12.5%)., Results: With a 2-cycle induction treatment, 34 (85.0%) patients achieved complete or partial response. Twenty-four patients (60.0%) got downstage, with T downstage in 21 (52.5%) patients and N downstage in 8 (20.0%) patients. Totally 27 patients got surgery after the induction treatment, of them 20 patients (74.1%) preserved organ functions. Four patients' primary tumors (10.0% in all 40 patients and 14.8% in operated 27 patients) showed pathologically complete responses. The toxicity was mild and manageable. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (5.0%), nausea/vomiting (2.5%), stomatitis (2.5%) and thrombocytopenia (2.5%). One patient got grade 2 renal insufficiency and one patient got grade 1 skin rash., Conclusion: For resectable HNSCC, nimotuzumab plus PF regimen as induction treatment is highly effective for preserving the organ function and the toxicities are well tolerable.

Objective: To investigate the effect of berbamine (BBM) on multiple myeloma (MM) cell line RPMI 8226 and its mechanism., Methods: MTT bioassay was used to examine the effect of berbamine on cell growth and IC(50) was calculated. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry (FCM) and DNA gelose electrophoresis. p53, p21, GADD45 mRNA were measured by RT-PCR. The alterations in p53, J NK, p-JNK and c-Jun proteins were detected by Western blot method., Result: The growth of RPMI 8226 cells was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with BBM(P<0.05), and its IC(50) value was 3.83 microg/ml at 48 h. Both DNA ladder and FCM results showed that BBM induced apoptosis of RPMI 8226 cells with concomitant increase of activated p53, p21 and GADD45gamma mRNA. After treatment with BBM at 8 microg/ml for 24 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased from 1.07% to 24.84%. p-JNK and c-Jun proteins were activated., Conclusion: BBM can inhibit the growth of RPMI 8226 cells, which is associated with activation of GADD45/JNK signaling pathway and induction of cell apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism related to the inhibition of leukemia K562 cells by berbamine., Methods: After K562 cells were treated with 8 microg/ml berbamine, the expression levels of NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha, pIkappaBalpha, IKKalpha, A20 were determined by Western blot., Results: With the exposure time extending, the total NF-kappaB showed no significant changes,but NF-kappaB expression in nucleus was decreased dramatically after treated with berbamine for 24 h. The ratio of nucleus NF-kappaB/histone H1 was decreased from 59.2%,gradually to 31.4%,19.7%,4.1%,and 0%. At the same time,the expression of A20 was increased,while the expression of pIkappaBalpha, IKKalpha was down-regulated., Conclusion: Berbamine may induce K562 cell apoptosis through NF-kappaB pathway. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB and bcr-abl gene expression might be involved in cell apoptosis.

The aim of this study was to improve the dyeing method of hydroperoxidase (HPO), to analyze the morphologic features of Phi bodies and to evaluate the clinical application of this method. 128 bone marrow or peripheral blood smears from patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies were stained by improved HPO staining. The Phi bodies were observed with detection rate of Phi bodies in different leukemias. 69 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specimens were chosen randomly, the positive rate and the number of Phi bodies between the improved HPO and POX stain based on the same substrate of 3, 3'diaminobenzidine were compared. The results showed that the shape of bundle-like Phi bodies was variable, long or short. while the nubbly Phi bodies often presented oval and smooth. Club-like Phi bodies were found in M(3). The detection rates of bundle-like Phi bodies in AML M(1)-M(5) were 42.9% (6/14), 83.3% (15/18), 92.0% (23/25), 52.3% (11/21), 33.3% (5/15) respectively, and those of nubbly Phi bodies were 28.6% (4/14), 66.7% (12/18), 11.1% (3/25), 33.3% (7/21), 20.0% (3/15) respectively. The detection rate of bundle-like Phi bodies in M(3) was significantly higher than that in (M(1) + M(2)) or (M(4) + M(5)) groups. The detection rate of nubbly Phi bodies in (M(1) + M(2)) group was higher than that in M(3) group. In conclusion, after improvement of staining method, the HPO stain becomes simple, the detection rate of Phi bodies is higher than that by the previous method, the positive granules are more obvious, and the results become stable. This improved method plays an important role in differentiating AML from ALL, subtyping AML, and evaluating the therapeutic results.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogenous disease from various resources and biological characters. Many researches indicated molecular abnormal characteristics in patients with NHL. Currently, NHLs are diagnosed according to the World Health Organisation classification. With the advances in molecular biology and cytogenetics, the cell as a morphological and functional unit has become essential in the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of lymphoma. The signification of abnormal karyotypes has been more and more focused on, and great progression has been made. Accepting the pitfalls of conventional cytomorphology and immunophenotype, this review emphasizes molecular abnormalities in non -Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are not only a molecular characterization, but also an indicator to predict prognosis and response to treatment.

Objective: To investigate whether green tea consumption can reduce the risk of adult leukemia., Methods: A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted in 2005 - 2006. We recruited 107 confirmed leukemia cases and 110 inpatient controls with orthopedic disease without leukemia or other malignancy matched on gender, age and hospitals that patients stayed. Related information were gathered on quantity, duration and frequency of tea consumption, demographic characteristics, exposure to radiation and occupational hazards, medications, using a validated questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with SPSS 11.5 software., Results: Compared with non-tea-drinkers, the OR of those who consumed green tea was 0.58 (95% CI:0.34-1.00, P< 0.05) under univariate statistical analysis. The OR was 0.52 ( 95% CI: 0.28- 0.98, P = 0.04), using logistic regression to count for age, gender, residential area, smoking, level of education, exposure to radiation, benzene and organo-phosphorus. Compared with non-drinkers, the risk of adult leukemia declined with increasing quantity, duration, and frequency of green tea consumption. Tests for trend on dose-response was statistically significant (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: A higher consumption of green tea seemed to be associated with a declined risk of adult leukemia. Tea consumption might be of help to human health planning projects.

Objective: To observe and investigate the risk factors and pathogen diversification of nosocomial lower respiratory infections in patients with hematological malignancy after chemotherapy., Methods: Respiratory tract microbial population of fifty patients with different kinds of hematological malignancy and para-prepared to chemotherapy was quantitatively analyzed before and after chemotherapy at an arranged time from April, 2004 to December, 2005. Susceptibility test was determined for bacterium of nosocomial infection, and the homology of the same species of the bacteria was analyzed by a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)., Results: Incidence rate of lower respiratory infections in patients with the hematological malignant after chemotherapy was 16%. The major nosocomial infectious pathogens were Acinetobacter spp; Escherichia coil and Fungus. Among them, Acinetobacter spp, were highly resistant to cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems and antibiotic with enzyme inhibitor, respectively but susceptible to Cefoperazone/Sulbactam belonging to antibiotic with enzyme inhibitor. And it was shown that there were two clones by the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)., Conclusion: Following-up of nosocomial lower respiratory infection in patients with hematological malignancy after chemotherapy might offer theoretical evidence for the rational use of antibiotics and the control of nosocomial infections.

Objective: To study the expression changes of apoptosis related genes induced by cerulenin in multiple myeloma cell line U266 and explore its molecular mechanism., Methods: The expression changes of 96 apoptosis related genes were analyzed by superArray cDNA in U266 cells treated with cerulenin (20 microg/ml) for 12 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the representative expression changes genes, Rip2, caspase 9 and TRAF2., Results: After treated with cerulenin for 12 h, 44 apoptosis related genes expression in the U266 cells were changed, among which 41 were over 2 fold increase and 3 over 2 fold decrease. The expression of caspase 9 was increased markedly, indicating that mitochondria pathway played a key role in cerulenin inducing apoptosis and TRAF2 expression change suggested that nuclear factor (NF) participates in cerulenin inducing apoptosis., Conclusion: The death acceptor signaling pathway and the death acceptor non-dependence signaling pathway co-regulate cerulenin inducing apoptosis in U266 cells. Mitochondria pathway played the key role and nuclear factor (NF) participates in the apoptosis process.

Objective: To investigating genetic effects of workers occupationally exposed to mercury (Hg)., Methods: The peripheral lymphocytes from 20 workers exposed to mercury and 20 controls were measured with micronucleus test, comet assay, hrpt gene mutation test and TCR gene mutation test., Results: The mean micronuclei rate(MNR) and mean micronucleated cells rate(MCR) in 20 workers were (5.90 +/- 0.91) per thousand and (5.30 +/- 0.81) per thousand, respectively while MNR and MCR in controls were (1.50 +/- 0.47) per thousand and (1.30 +/- 0.31) per thousand respectively, The difference of MNR and MCR between workers and controls was very significant (P < 0.01). The mean tail length (MTL) of workers and controls were (3.16 +/- 0.31) and (0.99 +/- 0.07) microm, respectively. The mean tail moment (MTM) of workers and controls were 1.63 +/- 0.22 and 0.39 +/- 0.03, respectively, There was a significant difference in MTL and MTM between workers and controls(P < 0.01). When the average mutation frequencies (Mfs-hprt) of hprt and (Mfs-TCR) of TCR of workers were compared with those of controls, there were not significant difference (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The results of the investigation indicated that the adverse genetic effects in workers occupationally exposed to mercury could be detected.

Objective: To determine whether fatty acid synthase (FAS) is expressed in human multiple myeloma( MM) cells and investigate the proliferation inhibition effect of fatty acid synthase inhibitor cerulenin on multiple myeloma cell line U266 and its mechanism., Methods: FAS mRNA expression in human MM cell line U266, RPMI8226 cell was assayed by RT-PCR. The proliferation inhibition rate of U266 cells was assayed by MTr analysis. Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM)., Results: FAS mRNA was highly expressed in human multiple myeloma cell lines as compared with healthy donor PBMNCs. After U266 cells were treated with cerulenin (the concentrations from 5 microg/ml to 640 microg/ ml) for 24 h, the cell proliferation was markedly inhibited with a dose related manner, while the inhibition rate of human skin fibroblast cells were all lower than 30%. When U266 cells were treated with 20 pjg/ml cerulenin for 12 h and 24 h, the early apoptosis rate revealed by Annexin V/PI were 56. 9% and 69. 3% respectively, being higher than that of the blank controls (4. 3% and 1.8%, P < 0. 01). Cell cycle analysis showed it was blocked in S phase. Conclusion FAS is highly expressed in human MM. Cerulenin could induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of U266 cells. FAS might be a new potential target for multiple myeloma treatment.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of hematological damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship with disease state and immunological parameters of SLE., Methods: 155 inpatients with SLE were enrolled in this retrospective study in our hospital. All patients fulfilled the criteria of SLE drawn up by American Rheumatism Association (ARA) in 1982. Fasting blood samples were obtained and blood routine, liver and renal function, immunological parameters were determined. According to SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), disease state was evaluated in 155 patients and their correlation parameters were analyzed, with hematological damage and immunological parameters analyzed., Results: 67.7% of the patients had hematological disorder. Single cell line damage was present in 32.9% of the patients, while 34.8% of the patients were involved in damage of several cell lines. The detectable rate of Anti-Sm (43.8%) and Anti-RNP (64.8%) in patients with hematological disorder were higher than those in patients without hematological disorder (Anti-Sm 26.0%, Anti-RNP 44.0%). The positive rate of Anti-RNP were 69.0% in patients with red cell line damage while only 44.0% in patients without hematological disorder (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Anti-RNP between patients without hematological disorder and patients with leukocytopenia or thrombocytopenia. Among the 155 patients 49 were in progressive stage and 106 in stationary stage. Hematological damage occurred approximately in 75.5% of the patients in progressive stage and in 64.2% of the patients in stationary stage. The prevalences of Anti-dsDNA, Anti-RNP, Anti-Sm and several cell lines damage were significantly higher in patients with progressive stage than in patients with stationary stage., Conclusions: Hematological system is easily damaged in patients with SLE and its involvement is related with the disease state. Anti-RNP could reflect red cell line damage.

Objective: To study the value of bone marrow biopsy imprint in evaluating cellularity., Methods: The bone marrow tissues were obtained by trephine biopsy from 272 patients, and then put on the slides to make the imprints. The imprints was stained by Wright-Giemsa method, and the bone marrow smears and imprints were examined simultaneously according to the bone marrow cellularity criteria., Result: In bone marrow cellularity, four grades (distinct decrease, extreme decrease, distinct increase, and extreme increase) were significantly higher in bone marrow imprints than those in bone marrow smears (P <0.05), but there was no significantly differences between bone marrow imprints and sections (P >0.05). Using bone marrow sections as standard, in cellularily decreasing samples, the consistent rate of bone marrow imprints and smears were both high (84.4% and 97.9%), in the group of the normal and increased cellularity, the consistent rate of the bone marrow imprints (84.4% and 97.7%) was significantly higher than that in smears (60% and 64%, P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value and positive likelihood rate of bone marrow imprints were all higher than those of the smears. Using the bone marrow sections as gold standard, in 124 cases with decreased cellularity in smears, the positive diagnosis rate for aplastic anemia and dyshaematopoiesis based on bone marrow imprints was 37.1% with a false positive rate of 7.3% which was lower than that of the bone marrow smears (false positive rate of 29.8%, P<0.01)., Conclusion: To evaluate bone marrow cellularity, bone marrow imprint is better than bone marrow smear. The combination of the two examinations can make the diagnosis more convenient and quicker.

Objective: To determine effects of berbamine on the growth of leukemia cell line NB4 and explore its possible mechanisms., Methods: The growth of NB4 cells was examined with MTT assay. Morphological analysis and DNA agarose electrophoresis were used to detect apoptosis in NB4 cells, and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The PML/RAR alpha mRNA was determined by nested-PCR, and the Survivin mRNA was tested by RT-PCR. The expression of caspase 3 protein in NB4 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry., Result: The growth of NB4 cells was inhibited significantly after treated with berbamine at different concentrations for different time points, the IC(50)value was 3.860 microg/ml at 48 hours. Morphology analysis showed the characteristics of apoptosis, and the DNA agarose electrophoresis showed the typical DNA ladder. The apoptosis rate increased from 2.83% to 58.44% after treated with berbamine at 12 microg/ml for 48 hours. The expression of PML/RAR alpha mRNA presented no significant changes, however, Survivin mRNA was decreased dramatically. The protein expression of Caspase 3 increased significantly from 2.06% to 70.89% after treated with berberine at a concentration of 12 mug/ml for 48 hours., Conclusion: Berbamine could inhibit the growth of leukemia cell line NB4. The induction of cell apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms for suppressing the growth of leukemia cell line NB4. Inhibition of Survivin mRNA and upregulation of Caspase 3 protein might be also involved in cell apoptosis.

To elucidate the antileukemi effects of berbamine and the possible molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo, MTT method was used to examine the effect of berbamine on K562 cell growth. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression level of BCR/ABL gene (semiquantity value) was determined by RT-PCR and the BCR/ABL protein (P210) level was detected by Western blot. The K562-bearing mice were used to reveal the therapeutic effect in vivo. The results showed that a significant time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was found in the cells treated with berbamine. After the cells were exposed to 8.0 microg/ml berbamine for 24, 48 and 72 hours, the percentage of growth inhibition of K562 cells progressively increased by (26.63 +/- 3.57)%, (61.84 +/- 4.74)%, (75.32 +/- 1.95)%, respectively (compared with control, P < 0.01). The IC(50) (72 hours) value was 5.227 +/- 1.307 microg/ml. The apoptosis rate of K562 cells treated with 8.0 microg/ml berbamine for 24 and 72 hours increased from (29.20 +/- 3.82)% to (61.77 +/- 4.35)% (P < 0.01). Berbamine down-regulated the expression levels of bcr/abl gene and P210 in K562 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The bcr/abl expression decreased from (1.38 +/- 0.02) to (0.97 +/- 0.01) after exposure of the cells to 8.0 microg/ml berbamine for 0 and 72 hours (P < 0.01). When the cells were treated with 4.0 - 16.0 microg/ml berbamine for 24 hours, the level of P210 decreased from (0.95 +/- 0.03) to (0.63 +/- 0.01) (P < 0.01). In vivo, after treatment for 4 weeks, the tumor weight of berbamine-treated group was also lower than that of untreated group [(1.46 +/- 0.43) g vs (2.90 +/- 0.94) g, P < 0.01] and the inhibition rate was 49.66%, moreover, berbamine down-regulated the expression level of bcr/abl gene of tumor cells. It is concluded that berbamine can obviously inhibit the cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in K562 cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The mechanisms of berbamine-induced apoptosis may be involved in down-regulation of bcr/abl gene expression and P210 level. In vivo, berbamine can aslo display a better antileukemic effect and down-regulate expression of bcr/abl gene. Berbamine extracted from Chinese herb may be a promising candidate of new drug for clinical anticancer treatment, especially for bcr-abl(+) diseases.

Objective: To explore the relationship between drug resistance of leukemic cells and the expression of both IkappaB-alpha and NF-kappaB associated with apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in K562 and K562/ADR cells., Methods: Apoptosis was induced in K562 and K562/ADR cells cultured with As2O3 in different concentrations. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of NF-kappaB in nuclear and IkappaB-alpha in cytoplasm of these cells. Apoptosis and degradation of IkappaB-alpha protein were also observed by flow cytometry., Results: After exposure to As2O3, the ratio of apoptosis cells in K562/ADR was significantly lower than that in K562 cells. K562/ADR [(6.33+/-1.51)%] and K562 cells [(13.25+/-1.83)%] cultured with 1 micromol/L As2O3 were in apoptosis. When cultured with 4 micromol/L As2O3, the apoptosis cells increased to (8.00+/-1.47)% and (50.56+/-8.62)%, respectively. The level of IkappaB-alpha in K562 cytoplasm was down-regulated from 88.07% to 49.21% after As2O3 stimulation, while NF-kappaB in nuclear was up-regulated, that was not found in K562/ADR cells., Conclusion: As2O3 could induce apoptosis of K562 cells, associated with the degradation of IkappaB-alpha and the activation of NF-kappaB. There are an elevated expression of NF-kappaB and resistance to apoptosis induced by As2O3 in K562/ADR cells.